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Group members : Student ID :
Susan Silvarajoo 112415012
Nuramelia Syahirah bt Kushaini 112415011
Nur Halimah Hamizah binti Hamdan B10090051
Nick Othman Abdullah B12090007
Field Trip Report to Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) Sdn. Bhd
Due date : 25 / 11 / 2013
Lecturer’s name : Ms. Sherina Binti Kamal
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Field Trip Report to Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) Sdn. Bhd,
Putrajaya
Sewage Treatment Plant, Indah Water Konsortium (IWK),
Putrajaya
Company History
Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) is a company owned by Minister of
Finance Incorporated.
IWK is Malaysia's national sewerage company in developing and
maintaining a modern and
efficient sewerage system for all the Malaysians. Indah Water
has taken the sewerage services
from local authorities in all areas except the states of Sabah,
Sarawak, Kelantan and the Majlis
Perbandaran Johor Bahru, Majlis Perbandaran Pasir Gudang,
Ketengah and Kejora. An efficient
sewerage system is vital for the country to ensure that
wastewater is treated before being
discharged into our rivers to help preserve the country's waste
resources, protect public health
and provide a cleaner and safer environment.
Introduction
Sewage pollution is defined as ‘Loadings’ to the environment
which exceeds the prescribed
upper limits. Sewage pollution used two most important
parameters, they are Biological Oxygen
Demand (BOD) and Suspended Solid (SS). BOD is defined as a
measure of the amount of
oxygen that sewage consumes over a given time. High BOD, more
rapidly sewage will consume
all the naturally-dissolved oxygen in streams, rivers and lakes,
thus killing off all aquatic life.
Furthermore, SS is a measure of the undissolved material in
sewage. Higher SS leads to sludge
deposits in the waterways, thus causing significant
environmental deterioration.
Main causes of deterioration of river water quality are
discharges of sewage and domestic
wastewater, discharges from restaurants, wet markets and
foodcourts, animal farming, land
clearing and earthworks, sand mining as well as agricultural and
manufacturing activities.
Sources of sewage pollution are effluent from public sewage
treatment plants (STP) , effluent
from private STPs, effluent from individual septic tanks,
discharge of raw sewage, sewage from
primitive systems and wet markets.
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Putrajaya Sewage Treatment Plant (STP 1) is designed to treat an
average sewage flow of
22,500 m3 per day. Sewage is characterized in terms of its
chemical, physical and biological
composition. The main physical, chemical and biological
constituents of domestic sewage
summarized as follows; physical properties such as colour, odor,
solids, temperature. Chemical
constituents such as organic (carbohydrates, fats, oil, grease,
proteins, and surfactants),
inorganic (pH, chlorides, citrogen, phosphorus, sulphur) and
gases (hydrogen sulphide, methane,
oxygen). Developments of sewage treatment systems are mainly
concerned with the removal of
suspended and floatable materials, the treatment of
biodegradable organic and elimination of
pathogenic organisms.
On the other hand, domestic sewage treatment is designed to
produce an effluent low in
solids and organic. Other treatments, which remove the nutrients
alter the pH depending on the
receiving environment for the effluent. Two standards (A and B)
have been established for the
quality of effluent that discharged from treatment plants to
receiving waters. Effluents from
treatment plants are tested in laboratories to ensure that these
standards are being met and that
treatment plants are being operated correctly. The pollutants in
sewage are measured to better
understand and thus facilitate the treatment of sewage as well
as to examine the effects of
effluent or treated sewage on the environment.
Besides that, effluent from all public sewage treatment plants
is sampled at regular intervals
to ensure that it meets the required standards. Standard A,
should be meet by effluent that is
discharged upstream of a water supply intake, while effluent
that is discharged downstream has
to meet Standard B.
Parameters Standard A Standard B
pH value 6.0 – 9.0 5.5 – 9.0
Temperature (oC) 40 40
BOD (mg/L) 20 50
SS (mg/L) 50 100
COD (mg/L) 50 100
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Therefore, IWK is now well-positioned to undertake the vital
task of ensuring that Malaysians
today and in the future will be able to enjoy a clean and
healthy environment through a proper
and well-maintained sewerage system. The field trip allow
students to explore their interest in
improving the performance of the sewage treatment plant by
learning more about the science and
exploring career options.
Objectives
To understand the behaviour of bio-chemical products in sewage
treatment process.
To study and understand the effectiveness of biochemical
products in the treatment plant
through :
- Quality of effluent before, during and after application
- Sludge minimisation
- Maintenance efficiency
To ensure the best possible performance of the sewage systems to
keep the environment clean as
well as explore new opportunities.
To be highly committed to providing efficient sewage services to
all customers towards a
sustainable and friendly environment.
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Methodological
On the 18th
of November 2013, Malaysian University of Science and Technology
(MUST) had
conducted a field trip to Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) Sdn. Bhd,
Putrajaya. Attendees
inclusive of sixteen students from Environmental Biotechnology
(BNV 3043) course and headed
by the lectures, Ms. Sherina Binti Kamal, Dr. Tang Sui Yan, Dr.
Yan Yi Wei, Miss Yap Pooi
Yan and Miss Akalpita Tendulkar. The list of attendees is
available in Appendix A. We arrived
at IWK Putrajaya around 2.30pm. It began with a shorty and
informative briefing about IWK
Putrajaya.
Various methods of sewage treatment systems have been developed
to protect public health
and the environment. There are two sewage treatment system at
IWK, they are individual septic
tank and connected sewage system. Individual septic tank is a
settlement tank which only
provides partial treatment of the sewage and waste water that
are discharged into it and needs to
be desludged regurlarly. This is mainly to prevent sewage from
being released into the
waterways and pollute the environment. While, connected sewerage
systems consists of a
network of underground sewer pipes, pump stations, sewage
treatment plants and sludge
treatment facilities which operated by gravity. As a result,
sewage treatment plants are located at
drainage catchment outlets so that they can capture all the
sewage easily without requiring high
cost for pumping.
The starting point where it all started, we went down the steps
to ground floor to begin our
tour. The tour began at the sump pump, where we could hear
gushing sewage sound come
rushing in from the whole town of Putrajaya. The IWK’s staff
explained the processes from the
septic tank to the sewerage plant. We kept looking for gross
stuffs and gross smells.
Furthermore, we were told how the sump pump works. We did not
get the chance to have a
closer look at the pipes. Sump pump are monitered 24 hours by
plant operator. In addition, from
the sump pump, sewage water will be filtered off paper, hairs,
bags and others through the screen
chamber before processing the waste. At last, we were told
throwing rubbish in the toilet clog up
the system.
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After that, domestic waste water pump directed to screen chamber
from sump pump. The raw
sewage is distribured between two screen channel for primary and
secondary screening. Screen
chamber use conveyor to collects rubbish that people throw in
the toilet or drain such as tissue
papers, stocking, pampers and others. Here, we started to feel
such a strong bad smell. Next, the
sewage flows through grits channels for further removal of sand
and heavy particles. This grit
removal will removes large particles by air lift system and
transferred to grit classifier for
separation and storage. Next, we walk in between the yellow
lines.
After grit channels, the sewage overflow to aeration tank. In
the aeration tanks, organic
material are oxidized by microorganisms into non-harmful
material such as carbon dioxide,
water and other inert materials. Microorganisms are suspended
with uplift bubbles and the
organic subtances are oxidized to reduce biological oxygen
demand (BOD). Besides, oxygen and
air being pumped into the waste to allow the aerobic bacteria to
break down the waste.
Clarifier tank are component of secondary clarifier. The treated
water is flowed to
clarificaton, where microorganism cells are settled and
separated from treated water. The treated
effluent is overflowed through weir plates and discharged to the
nearby river. We observed that
the sludge which contain mircroorganism cells settles at the
bottom of clarififier, then pump to
sludge to sludge dewatering area where the sludge is flocculated
with polymer. Later, it collected
by mechanical scrapper and pumped back to the aerated tank for
continuous operation. Sludge
dewatering and drying is an area where the sludge processing
takes place. The dewatering sludge
that produced is 12-18 % dried. Thus, the dewatered sludge then
further dried for 92% dry solids
by dryer and ready for disposal. Finally, one of the end
products are produced, biosolid. It is a
great natural fertilizer.
Finally, we end up our trip around 4.30pm. We were told that if
all the processes were
completed properly, there should not be any smell. We found the
trip very educational. We learnt
a lot by asking much questions. So, wastewater treatment is not
an easy and expensive process.
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Conclusion
As a conclusion, the trip to Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) Sdn.
Bhd had given us wide
exposure in various methods of sewage treatment systems and its
processes. The briefing
conducted by IWK’s staff was educational and beneficial. Waste
sludge is an end process of all
aerobic treatment, being it sludge from waste water plant or
from drinking water treatment plant.
Proper operation and maintenance including charging and
periodical monitoring is required for
sustainable management of decentralised domestic wastewater
treatment system. Therefore, the
process flow of sewage treatment plant (STP 1) can be summarized
as follow :
Influent Sump pump Screen chamber Grit chamber Aeration
tank Clarifier tank Treated effluent discharged to nearby
river.
Influent :
BOD : 250mg/l
SS : 300mg/l
Effluent :
BOD : not more than that 10mg/l
SS : 50mg/l
APPENDIX A
Name of Attendees Matrix No.
1. Susan Silvarajoo
2. Nuramelia Syahirah bt Kushaini
3. Nur Halimah Hamizah binti Hamdan
4. Nick Othman Abdullah
112415012
112415011
B10090051
B12090007
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Attachments
Figure 1 show incoming channel of sump pump.
Figure 2 show four inlet pump, where the incoming sewer pumped
by four duty into primary and
secondary screen chamber.
Figure 1 Figure 2
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Figure 3 and 4 shows four mechanical screen chambers which
control by timer to remove
rubbish.
Figure 5 show grit removal to removal sand and heavy
particles.
Figure 3 Figure 4
Figure 5
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Figure 6 and 7 shows aeration tank which the sewage overflow
from the grit channels to the tank
to oxidize organic materials by microorganisms into non-harmful
material.
Figure 8 and 9 shows the manual process of sludge using
diffuser.
Figure 7 Figure 6
Figure 9 Figure 8
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Figure 10 and 11 shows secondary clarifier which is the last
process to discharge the clean water
to river.
Figure 12 show sludge dewatering and drying area to process
wasted sludge.
Figure 13 show treated water going out of the plant.
Figure 11 Figure 10
Figure 13 Figure 12
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Figure 13 show final product as fertilizer.
Figure 14