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FIELD MARSHAL SIR
GERALD WALTERROBERT TEMPLER KG,
GCB, GCMG, KBE
GROUP 62110232 MUHAMAD FUAD HAZIM BIN FUADTAYADI
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2110286 MUHAMMAD IBADUR RAHMAN BIN ZAINAL
ABIDIN
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BACKGROUND
NAME : Gerald Walter Robert Templer
BIRTH : 11 September 1898, Chelsea, London
PARENTS : Lieutenant-Colonel Walter Francis Templer (RoyalIrish Fusiliers) and Mabel Eileen
EDUCATION : Wellington College and then he furthered his
studies at Sandhurst and promoted as First Lieutenant into hisfather's regiment, the Royal Irish Fusiliers, on 16 August 1916.
PARTICIPATION : In year 1924 he became the member of theBritish Olympic hurdles team. He was also the bayonet fightingchampion of the British Army.
MARRIAGE : In 1926 he married Edith Margery Davie; they hada daughter and a son
SERVICES : 19161958 (52 years)
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CARRIER : involved in World War I at the age of 18, in WorldWar II, he was a Lieutenant Colonel serving the Military
Intelligence Staff in British Expeditionary Force and he wasalso the youngest Lieutenant Colonel in British Army at theage 44. his abilities had lead him hold various appointments inthe army such as Director of Military Government in WestGermany and Director of Military Intelligence in War Office.He became a staff officer with the 3rd Division on Salisbury
Plain in 1931 and a staff officer at Headquarters NorthernCommand in York in 1933 before returning to his Regiment to
be a company commander at Tid worth in April 1935. In 1936he was deployed to Palestine during the Arab revolt there forwhich he was awarded the DSO on 6 November 1936. He was
promoted to major on 1 August 1938 and posted to the WarOffice as a staff officer in military intelligence.
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BATTLE : First World War, Arab revolt, Second World War,
Malayan Emergency
AWARD : Knight of the Order of the Garter, Knight Grand
Cross of the Order of the Bath, Knight Grand Cross of the
Order of St Michael and St George, Knight Commander of the
Order of the British Empire, Distinguished Service Order
Death : 25 October 1979 at his home in Chelsea on London
cause of lung cancer.
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Order Of The Garter Order Of The Bath
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Order Of St Michael Order Of The British
And St George Empire
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COUNTER-INSURGENCY WARFARE
Any operation involves actions taken by the
recognized government of a nation to quell
an insurgency taken up against it.
In the main, the insurgents seek to destroy thepolitical authority of the defending authorities in a
population they seek to control, and the counter-
insurgent forces seek to protect that authority and
reduce or eliminate the supplanting authority of the
insurgents.
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Counter-insurgency operations are common
during war and armed rebellions.
Counter-insurgency maybe armed suppression of a
rebellion, coupled with tactics such as divide and
rule designed to fracture the links between the
insurgency and the population in which the insurgentsmove.
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GUERILLA WAR
Can defined as the use of hit-and-run tactics by
small, mobile groups of irregular forces operating in
territory controlled by a hostile, regular forces.
Tactically, the guerrilla army would avoid any
confrontation with large units of enemy troops, butseek and eliminate small groups of soldiers to
minimize losses and exhaust the opposing force.
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The history of guerrilla warfare starting in ancient
history when The Chinese general and strategist Sun
Tzu, in his The Art of War, was the earliest to proposethe use of guerrilla warfare.
This directly inspired the development of modern
guerrilla warfare.
Communist leaders like Mao Zedong and North
Vietnamese Ho Chi Minh both also implemented
guerrilla warfare in the style of Sun Tzu.
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COMMUNIST REVOLT
In June 1948 a state of emergency was declared in the
British colony of Malaya. The Malayan National
Liberation Army (MNLA), the armed wing of the
Malayan Communist Party (MCP), began attackingrubber plantations, mines and police stations,
derailing trains and burning workers' houses. The
term 'emergency' rather than 'war' was used because
insurgents would not have compensated plantationand mine owners if the latter label had been used.
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APPOINTED AS HIGH COMMISSIONER
OF MALAYA
On 6 October 1951, Sir Henry Gurney was shot to death on his
way to Fraser's Hill for a meeting. The guerrillas of
the Malayan Communist Party ambushed his Rolls
Royce during the Malayan Emergency period. According to
Lady Gurney who was with him at the time, he sacrificedhimself to the attackers in order to protect the lives of his wife
and the driver.
On 22 January 1952 Sir Gerald Templer appointed as British
High Commissioner in Malaya to deal with the MalayanEmergency. General Templer placed great emphasis on the
need to win the 'hearts and minds' of the population.
This won him the support of many nationalists.
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PARTICIPATING
He also involved the local population in the fight against the
guerrillas by increasing the number of Malay battalions and
strengthening the Home Guard raised to defend the new
villages.
He continued to build new settlements and promised
independence once the guerrillas had been defeated.
These measures helped unite the racially divided Malayan
people against the insurgents. As the new policies began to
take effect, the flow of information to the security forcesincreased.
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COMMONWEALTH AT WAR
Sir Gerald Templer also has been using Commonwealthmilitary from Gurkha,New Zealand,Australia and British itself.
There were normally 24 infantry battalions in Malaya from awide variety of Commonwealth countries, including the 2nd
Battalion The Royal Australian Regiment and 1st BattalionThe New Zealand Regiment.
When an area had been swept it was designated a 'White Area'and restrictions on the local population were lifted,encouraging them to oppose the return of any insurgents.
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INDEPENDENCE
In August 1957 the Federation of Malaya was grantedindependence and the insurgency lost its rationale as a war ofcolonial liberation. Many guerrillas gave up their fight.
In 1960 the counterinsurgency was declared to be over. Over
500 soldiers and 1000 police had been killed during theconflict. Communist losses are estimated at over 6000 killedand 1000 captured. The campaign was one of the fewsuccessful counterinsurgency operations undertaken by theWestern powers under the power of Sir Gerald Templer.
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MALAYA CAMPAIGN AGAINST COMMUNIST(kempen penduduk Tanah Melayu menentang komunis)
The impact of the campaign, a total of 500 000 people
multiracial population has along carrying banners condemning
the communist terror.
In the campaign, they also burn communist statues.
Pamphlets were also distributed anti-communist in every
corner of the Malaya.
Those who were once afraid of against the communist, now be
brave.
They also offer themselves willingly join the security forces
and the police to defend the homeland.
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BLACK AND WHITE AREAS
Sir Gerald Templer also introduced the concept of 'black spots'
and 'white area' under War Plan nerves.
Black area is the availability of an active communist terrorist
activities.
White areas were the areas that have been freed from the
communist threat.
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CITIZENSHIP LAW
In addition, to gain the support of the Chinese people to
support the war effort Nervous, Templer introduced the 1952
Citizenship Law.
This law allows a total of 1.2 million Chinese and 180,000
people India became Malayan citizens.
Liberalization of citizenship also shows the sacrifices of the
Malays to the other people for the sake of unity and harmony.
This will directly open up to each community to be
compromise and thoughtful in various fields.
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OFFERING A GIFT
Templer has raised the number of prizes offered to the people
who managed to catch or provide information related to the
communist guerrillas.
A prize of $ 25 0,000 is offered to anyone who managed to
catch Chin Peng whether alive or dead.
In addition, the offer also provided for those who capture or
kill Chin Pengs people with prize of $ 200 000.
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RESTRICTING FOOD
Templer important task is to enforce the rules so that the food
does not reach into the hands of the communists.
Finally desperate terrorists have to plant their own food in the
wild.
However, the security forces foiled their attempt with destroy
the crop using the poison.
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OFTEN PUBLICIZED RESISTANCE
Sultan and the Chief Minister of each state often hype around opposition to
the communists.
For example, the Sultan of Pahang often remind people to be wary of
promises of communism.
Malay people who help and support communism regarded as treason and
religion. Gujarat Chief Minister also reminded the people not to forget the atrocities
Army Three Star after the Japanese surrender in Malaya.
Support the communist party seems to demolish our own Malay race.
Dato 'Onn often remembered people not to support but together eliminate
communists. The government has to think and work to antagonize people against
communism by changing the word "communist" to "terrorists".
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AMNESTY
Dropping pamphlets into the woods as the government ledmany communists were forced to join the fight this needless.
A total of 40 million pamphlets and 12 million amnesty passthat was printed in three languages, that Chinese, Malay andTamil dropped from the air.
The mass media that was Radio Malaya, day postingrequirement amnesty offer. The poster also posted in various
places.
Advertising and motion pictures have been used to help peoplefight the terrorists to surrender.
Every effort Tunku Abdul Rahman, who is on a visit to theprovinces to explain to people that the government's offer.
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TRAITS
CONSULTATIVE
As an army officer, Templer was a consultative leader
whereby he confers with his government officers before
taking decision and in fact considers their advice and their
feelings when framing decision. Although he consults his
officers, but sometimes he doesnt accept their advice. One
of the events which clearly show this leadership style is at
the Sagil New Village when Templerdidnt accept the
advice from his officers regarding police security for himduring his visit
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AUTOCRATIC
In certain events it has been seen that Templer is an
autocratic leader during the execution of his strategy.
During his commence of his plan, Templer uses wordswhich shows that he is an autocratic leader from his
physical appearance and style. He also had punished the
villagers at Tanjung Malim for not cooperating with the
government by having curfews and food rationing.
IDEALISED INFLUENCE
The objectives and clear vision of Templer in Malaya
influences his subordinates which could win their trust and
respect from them. Once it had been achieved, he hadobtained extra affords from his government officers and the
local departments.
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INDIVIDUAL CONSIDERATIONS
Templer also had strategy to pay attention for the locals in
Malaya by providing them all the basic needs and had
gained support from the civilian population. He had win
the heart and minds of the people in Malaya.
INTELLECTUAL SIMULATION
The execution ofTemplers strategy in Malaya shows that
he is capable of soliciting new ideas and new ways
of solving problems compared to other leaders.
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INSPIRATION
Templer had the idea of conducting civic courses for
the civil population to motivate them and generate
enthusiasm, setting an example and finally to share afford
among the civilians to fight against the CTs.