Field Analytical Methods

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Dynamic Field-Based Strategy forDynamic Field-Based Strategy for

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1

12

1

2

2

2

We need more information

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3

It ends It ends when the when the $$ runs $$ runs

out!!out!!

Start: “Define the nature and extent of contamination.”Start: “Define the nature and extent of contamination.”

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• Identify the site and Identify the site and rapidlyrapidly charge into the maze charge into the maze

• 1980s:1980s:– Work needed to be Work needed to be

accomplished right awayaccomplished right away– Limited experience, Limited experience,

knowledgeknowledge– Few tools available for Few tools available for

monitoring or cleanupmonitoring or cleanup

Starthere

Closeout EXIT ????

EXIT ????

EXIT ????

EXIT ????

The Historical Process

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• Perspectives first--take Perspectives first--take stock of the problem; stock of the problem; define clear goalsdefine clear goals

• Chart an efficient Chart an efficient course toward goals; course toward goals; map a site strategy that map a site strategy that uses smart toolsuses smart tools

• ONLY THEN begin field ONLY THEN begin field work, and navigate work, and navigate intelligently toward intelligently toward goalsgoals

Begin Begin onlyonly when readywhen ready

Closeout EXITToday: Optimizing the Process

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PRO

JEC

T E

XE

CU

TIO

N S

TYLE

PRO

JEC

T E

XE

CU

TIO

N S

TYLE

TIMETIME

PLANPLAN Do CheckCheckFi

nish

IDEAL COMMITMENTTO PROJECT PLANNING

Too much commitment to project planning.

Too little commitment to project planningToo little commitment to project planning

Performance ManagementPerformance ManagementEffective and Timely PlanningEffective and Timely Planning

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SystematicPlanning

DynamicWorkplans

On-siteMeasurementTechnologies

The Triad Approach to Optimization

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• All phases of the remedial “pipeline” can All phases of the remedial “pipeline” can benefit from the adoption of the triad benefit from the adoption of the triad approachapproach

Site InvestigationSite Investigation

Remedial ActionRemedial ActionLong Term MonitoringLong Term Monitoring

Applications to Clean-up

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DefineDefineClean-up GoalsClean-up Goals

Select Best Select Best TechnologyTechnology

Performance ParameterSelection

Performance Evaluation

Proceed with data collection Proceed with data collection effort with end goal decision effort with end goal decision

objectives defined objectives defined

Review & OptimizeReview & Optimize• TechnologyTechnology• Monitoring PlanMonitoring Plan• Clean-Up GoalsClean-Up Goals• OperationOperation• Data IssuesData Issues

IsSystem

PerformingOK

NO

YES HaveGoalsBeenMet

YES

NO

AreObjectives

BeingMet

YES

NO

PERIODIC CONSULTATION & REVIEWPERIODIC CONSULTATION & REVIEW

Field Based Analytical Strategies

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FewFew higher quality higher quality data data pointspoints LowerLower information value of information value of the data the data setset

ManyMany lower quality lower quality data data pointspoints HigherHigher information information value of the data value of the data setset

Goal: A defensible site decision that reflects the “true” site condition

Less likely More likely

$ $ $

$ $ $

¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢

Data Quality vs. Information Value

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• Assembling the technical Assembling the technical teamteam

• Getting the right people Getting the right people involvedinvolved

• May be outside the May be outside the “normal” field-based team“normal” field-based team

• statistician, hydrologist, statistician, hydrologist, biologist, chemistbiologist, chemist

Technical Team Development

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• Assessing team dynamics, Assessing team dynamics, expertise, and other constraints expertise, and other constraints

• Evaluating in-house optionsEvaluating in-house options• Identification of and resources Identification of and resources

to mitigate contingencies to mitigate contingencies • Determining the budgetDetermining the budget• Establishing the scheduleEstablishing the schedule

Evaluating Resources and Constraints

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• Determine who needs Determine who needs to give input on each to give input on each type of decisiontype of decision

• Specify lines of Specify lines of communication for communication for field decisionsfield decisions

• Assess options for Assess options for data transferdata transfer

Develop a Communications Strategy

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• Group Similar Data NeedsGroup Similar Data Needs• Identify Data Need OverlapsIdentify Data Need Overlaps

– Balancing Sensitivity RequirementsBalancing Sensitivity Requirements– Meeting Process Requirements Meeting Process Requirements

RiskCompliance

Remedy

Responsibility

GW Data Needs

SW Data Needs

Sift and Sort Data Needs

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Integrating New Information• Developing a Developing a

conceptual site model conceptual site model (CSM)(CSM)

• A mechanism to A mechanism to communicate key site communicate key site featuresfeatures

• A visual representation A visual representation of dataof data

Conceptual Site Model

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• What you are going to What you are going to monitormonitor

Identifications of COCs

• ID the waste or mediumID the waste or mediumof interestof interest

• dependant on fate and transport dependant on fate and transport potential, exposure scenarios, potential, exposure scenarios, bioavailabilitybioavailability

• general chemistry:general chemistry:DO, pH, TOC, bicarbonate.. DO, pH, TOC, bicarbonate..

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• Define Regulatory RequirementsDefine Regulatory Requirements• Establish Background and/or Establish Background and/or

Anthropogenic Levels for Anthropogenic Levels for Inorganic/Organic ParametersInorganic/Organic Parameters

• Determine Preliminary Risk-Based Determine Preliminary Risk-Based Cleanup GoalsCleanup Goals

• Evaluate Practicability to Meet Cleanup Evaluate Practicability to Meet Cleanup GoalsGoals

• Establish Clean-up Goals with Regulator Establish Clean-up Goals with Regulator ConcurrenceConcurrence

Establish Cleanup Goals/Action Levels

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Iterative way to incorporate data into CSMIterative way to incorporate data into CSM

Data Management ToolData Management Tool

Soft ware Visual Sampling PlanSoft ware Visual Sampling Plan

Output Processing Output Processing

Spatial DepictionSpatial Depiction

Graphical DisplayGraphical Display

Data Collection and Processing Platform

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• Define the decisions that Define the decisions that must be made must be made

• Develop decision rules Develop decision rules • ID data necessary to ID data necessary to

support decision makingsupport decision making• Determine limits on Determine limits on

decision errorsdecision errors

Determining Process End Goals

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• Site closure is a process not an endpoint Site closure is a process not an endpoint – Institutional Controls– 5-year reviews

• Clearly identify when cleanup actions will be modified or Clearly identify when cleanup actions will be modified or stoppedstopped

Closeout 36 months

Establishing Site Closeout End Goals

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• Using the CSM to Using the CSM to define data needsdefine data needs

• Integrating new Integrating new information into the information into the CSMCSM

Sand

Sandy Loam

450'MSL440'

430'

420'

410'

MW3

MW 6

MW 5

MW1

MW4ditch

Coarse Sand

Clay

Clay

Source ReleaseMechanism

TransportMedia

ExposurePoint

ExposureRoute Receptor

Off-Site

On-Site

Off-SiteLeaching,Percolation

Contact inRiver

Inhalation

Ingestion/Shower

AquaticLife

Workers,Wildlife

Humans

SW &Sediments

Atmosphere

ShallowGW

Desorptionin Runoff

Volatili-zation

TCE/PCEin Soil

NORTHA

A'

MW2(< 0.01)

SB3(15,000 / ND)

SB2(1,000 /

ND)SB1(3,000 /

ND)

MW4(< 0.01)

MW1(0.15)

MW3(< 0.07)

SB4(200 / ND)

Creek

Burial Trench

Drainage Pattern Potential

Potable Supplies

??

?? ??

??

??

Former Solvent Storage

Tank

Refine Field Analytical CSM

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Small Arms Firing Ranges,Small Arms Firing Ranges,Presidio of San FranciscoPresidio of San Francisco

XRF Field Case Study - Firing Range

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• Problem: Perform full characterization of 8 Problem: Perform full characterization of 8 historic firing ranges for heavy metals at the historic firing ranges for heavy metals at the Presidio of San Francisco.Presidio of San Francisco.

• Decisions:Decisions:– Where are the ranges?Where are the ranges?– How can time be saved using XRF?How can time be saved using XRF?– What criteria should be used in the investigation to What criteria should be used in the investigation to

determine when to halt further investigation?determine when to halt further investigation?

XRF Field Case Study - Firing Range

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• Perform rapid and cost effective site Perform rapid and cost effective site investigation of small arms firing rangesinvestigation of small arms firing ranges

• Reduce time needed to characterize Reduce time needed to characterize rangesranges

• Location of site often not clear, based on Location of site often not clear, based on very old mapsvery old maps

• Provide high quality data setProvide high quality data set

Requirement & Challenge

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An Innovative SolutionAn Innovative Solution• ““Traditional” (I.e. laboratory based Traditional” (I.e. laboratory based

analysis) investigation initially analysis) investigation initially consideredconsidered

• We proposed alternative innovative We proposed alternative innovative approach of using field XRF in real time approach of using field XRF in real time mode using a “dynamic work” planmode using a “dynamic work” plan

Field X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

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XRF Basics

– Soil sample bombarded by X-ray sourceSoil sample bombarded by X-ray source– Energy increase excites atomsEnergy increase excites atoms– Metal atoms re-radiate X-rays - unique Metal atoms re-radiate X-rays - unique

wavelengthwavelength– X-ray detector picks up emissionsX-ray detector picks up emissions– Ability to perform multi-metal analysis (e.g. Ability to perform multi-metal analysis (e.g.

lead, zinc, antimony, copper and barium)lead, zinc, antimony, copper and barium)

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• Digitize historic mapsDigitize historic maps• Overlay on exiting post maps - locate rangesOverlay on exiting post maps - locate ranges• Field visit to verify locationField visit to verify location• Set initial 12 m x 12 m sampling grid to cover Set initial 12 m x 12 m sampling grid to cover

berm area and other areas of interestberm area and other areas of interest• Locate sample points using portable Locate sample points using portable • GPS (Global Positioning System)GPS (Global Positioning System)

XRF Sampling Protocol for the Ranges

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Use of Global Use of Global Positioning System to Positioning System to set and find initial set and find initial sampling points. sampling points. Allows rapid field Allows rapid field based changes.based changes.

Data Management GPS

GPS coordinate display unit

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• Begin sampling using initial gridBegin sampling using initial grid• Analyze samples via XRF and post results on Analyze samples via XRF and post results on

site mapssite maps• Analytical results dictate vertical/horizontal Analytical results dictate vertical/horizontal

location of next samplelocation of next sample• Development of decision criteria essential to Development of decision criteria essential to

dynamic work plan approach and success of dynamic work plan approach and success of field workfield work– Use site specific levelsUse site specific levels

Dynamic Work Plan Approach

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• If sample results indicate soil If sample results indicate soil sample has >50mg/kg lead, thensample has >50mg/kg lead, then– take next sample 30 cm deeper at take next sample 30 cm deeper at

sample location, andsample location, and– step out 10 meters and take a new step out 10 meters and take a new

surface soil sample.surface soil sample.– Reanalyze and repeat vertical and Reanalyze and repeat vertical and

horizontal sample collection until horizontal sample collection until results are less than 50 mg/kg in results are less than 50 mg/kg in both vertical and horizontal both vertical and horizontal dimensions.dimensions.

Example Decision Criteria

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Sample Preparation Items

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Loading Sample in XRF

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Spectrace 6000

XRF Field Portable Lab Setup

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20 minutes from receipt of soil sample to analysis results20 minutes from receipt of soil sample to analysis results

Quantitative resultsQuantitative results

Extremely flexible sampling and analysisExtremely flexible sampling and analysis

XRF Output Display Showing Pb Peak

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– Excellent agreement between XRF and Excellent agreement between XRF and laboratory sampleslaboratory samples

XRF vs. Laboratory Data Correlation

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• Detection limit for most metals <10 –30 Detection limit for most metals <10 –30 mg/kgmg/kg

• Simplified sample preparationSimplified sample preparation• Quantitative results w/in 20 minutes Quantitative results w/in 20 minutes

from receipt of soil samplefrom receipt of soil sample• Multiple metal analyte listMultiple metal analyte list• Extremely flexible sampling and Extremely flexible sampling and

analysis - can “chase contamination”analysis - can “chase contamination”

Advantages of Using XRF

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• Traditional ApproachTraditional Approach Cost Cost• 1 work plan, 2 addenda1 work plan, 2 addenda $54,000 $54,000• 3 site mobilizations3 site mobilizations $ 9,000$ 9,000• 400 samples400 samples $40,000$40,000• 1 report, 2 addenda1 report, 2 addenda $54,000$54,000• ~ 11/2 year project management~ 11/2 year project management $ 5,000$ 5,000• TotalTotal $162,000$162,000

Cost/Time Savings

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• XRF ApproachXRF Approach CostCost• 1 work plan1 work plan $30,000$30,000• 1 site mobilization1 site mobilization $ 3,000$ 3,000• XRF Rental (4 wks)XRF Rental (4 wks) $ 6,000$ 6,000• 400 XRF samples400 XRF samples• Included in rental costIncluded in rental cost• 70 Lab QC samples70 Lab QC samples $ 7,000$ 7,000• 1 report1 report $30,000 $30,000• Project ManagementProject Management (1/2 yr)(1/2 yr) $$ 1,000 1,000• TotalTotal $77,000$77,000

Cost/Time Savings, cont.

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– At Presidio SF, Defense Depot Ogden At Presidio SF, Defense Depot Ogden (Utah), Santa Rosa NAAS (Calif), Santa (Utah), Santa Rosa NAAS (Calif), Santa Rosa AAF, Ft. Ord ranges and other sites, Rosa AAF, Ft. Ord ranges and other sites, have received enthusiastic acceptance have received enthusiastic acceptance from agenciesfrom agencies

– XRF plus appropriate lab QC acceptedXRF plus appropriate lab QC accepted

Regulatory Acceptance

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• A well thought out dynamic work planA well thought out dynamic work plan• Pre-established decision criteriaPre-established decision criteria• Field personnel (including field chemist) Field personnel (including field chemist)

who fully understand the protocolswho fully understand the protocols• Large van or small office for sample Large van or small office for sample

preparation and analysispreparation and analysis

Elements of Success

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Removal Action with Immunoassay

– Focused removal, excavate areas where bags of pesticide Focused removal, excavate areas where bags of pesticide were disposed were disposed – Characterize to determine the additional extent of pesticide contamination and excavate Characterize to determine the additional extent of pesticide contamination and excavate – Determine how to manage excavated materialDetermine how to manage excavated material

Problem: Pesticide contamination of soil in the vadose zoneProblem: Pesticide contamination of soil in the vadose zone

Decisions:Decisions:

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Assemble planning Assemble planning and technical team;and technical team; Develop communication Develop communication strategy; strategy; Develop a CSM;Develop a CSM; Develop process for integrating new Develop process for integrating new

information into CSM;information into CSM; Regulators/stakeholders involved throughout Regulators/stakeholders involved throughout

process, giving input and buying into plans.process, giving input and buying into plans.

Key Planning Steps

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• Provide analytical results for DDT, cyclodienes Provide analytical results for DDT, cyclodienes (especially dieldrin and endrin) and other identified (especially dieldrin and endrin) and other identified COCs with quantitation limits that are less than the COCs with quantitation limits that are less than the field/operational action levels in order to guide the field/operational action levels in order to guide the removal of contaminated soil from each defined removal of contaminated soil from each defined column of soil at the site such that final cleanup goals column of soil at the site such that final cleanup goals will be met within a single field mobilization.will be met within a single field mobilization.

• Ensure that the turnaround time for the field Ensure that the turnaround time for the field generated data supports the real-time decision generated data supports the real-time decision making needs of the dynamic work plan. making needs of the dynamic work plan.

Project Data Quality Objectives

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• Remove soil in a manner that ensures soil left in place Remove soil in a manner that ensures soil left in place meets the MTCA cleanup standards such that:meets the MTCA cleanup standards such that:– no more than 10 percent of sample exceed the cleanup no more than 10 percent of sample exceed the cleanup

standard,standard,– no sample can exceed two times the cleanup standard; andno sample can exceed two times the cleanup standard; and– the true mean concentration must be below the cleanup the true mean concentration must be below the cleanup

standard as measured by a 95% upper confidence limit on the standard as measured by a 95% upper confidence limit on the mean. mean.

• Provide analytical results that can be used to segregate Provide analytical results that can be used to segregate and classify excavated soil and other remediation and classify excavated soil and other remediation wastes for management as solid, hazardous, or wastes for management as solid, hazardous, or dangerous waste according to RCRA and the WA state dangerous waste according to RCRA and the WA state Dangerous Waste Regulations.Dangerous Waste Regulations.

Project Data Quality Objectives, Cont.

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• Cross reactivitiesCross reactivities• Demonstration of applicability - Pilot Studies using actual Demonstration of applicability - Pilot Studies using actual

field matrixfield matrix• Initial action levels set at 5 ppm for DDT and 0.1 ppm for Initial action levels set at 5 ppm for DDT and 0.1 ppm for

cyclodienescyclodienes• Action levels further refined in the field, DDT kit action level Action levels further refined in the field, DDT kit action level

raised to 10 ppm. raised to 10 ppm.

Immunoassay Selection

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Grid O

rigin

North Drawing not to scale

x-axis

y-axis

Row C

Row B

Row APre-existing barbed wire fence

FR2/3

FR4/5

Col 1

Col 2

Col 3

Col 4

Col 5

Col 6

Col 7

Col 8

Col 9Grid of Pesticide Site

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• Focused removal of pesticide product.Focused removal of pesticide product.• Characterization of the remediation area.Characterization of the remediation area.• Gross removal of contaminated soil.Gross removal of contaminated soil.• Final confirmation sampling for site closure.Final confirmation sampling for site closure.• Backfilling, grading, and restorationBackfilling, grading, and restoration• Characterization and disposal of Characterization and disposal of

contaminated materials. contaminated materials.

Project Phases

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Focused Removal Activities

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Row C

Row B

Row A

FR2/3

FR4/5

Col 1

Col 2

Col 3

Col 4

Col 5

Col 6

Col 7

Col 8

Col 9

Original Remediation BoundaryFinal Remediation BoundaryNorth

Drawing not to scale

X-Y Coordinate Origin

Site Characterization Sample

Grid Sampling Locations - Characterization

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Dividing Push Sample Core into Three 1-Foot Dividing Push Sample Core into Three 1-Foot Interval SamplesInterval Samples

Sample Preparation

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Immunoassay vs. Fixed Lab Correlation

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Row C

Row B

Row A

FR2/3

FR4/5

Col 1

Col 2

Col 3

Col 4

Col 5

Col 6

Col 7

Col 8

Col 9

Original Remediation Boundary

Final Remediation BoundaryNorthDrawing not to scale

X-Y Coordinate Origin

22/1

1/ 55/

11/ 4

4/ 22.5/ 2

2/ 22.5/4

4/

11/

11/

11/

11/

55/ 1

4.5/ 44/ 2

2/22/ 4

4/ 22.5/

22.5/4

4/22/2

2/4

4/

11/

55/

Top number is feet bgs planned for excavation and the bottom is feet bgs actually excavated

11/

Grid Area Planned Excavation Depths

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Collecting Final Confirmation Sample

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Cost ComparisonsTraditional ESC+

1. Review Existing Data $7,150 $11,0002. Design Site Characterization $0 $17,6403. Implement Site Characterization $0 $84,1344. Review Char. data $0 $10,0005. Design Remedy $16,500 $26,4606. Implement Remedy (- Disposal) $168,094 $271,1167. Waste Disposal $910,000 $153,5708. Closure report $20,305 $20,305TOTAL $1,122,049 $594,225

This traditional cost estimate assumes no characterization, only removal and incineration of the entire plot volume

DWP

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• Cost: site was remediated/closed out for < 600k.Cost: site was remediated/closed out for < 600k.• Time: About two years from time of request; < 4 Time: About two years from time of request; < 4

months of field work using a DWP approach.months of field work using a DWP approach.• On-going regulator/stakeholder input critical to resolve On-going regulator/stakeholder input critical to resolve

problems that could have derailed project.problems that could have derailed project.• Systematic planning focused efforts on end-use of Systematic planning focused efforts on end-use of

data.data.• A regulatory focus on project outcome/performance A regulatory focus on project outcome/performance

permitted flexibility to maximize innovation and cost permitted flexibility to maximize innovation and cost savings.savings.

Observations and Lessons Learned

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• Use of immunoassay analysis increased the number Use of immunoassay analysis increased the number and density of sampling because of cost savings.and density of sampling because of cost savings.

• The CSM was refined in the field; specific sampling The CSM was refined in the field; specific sampling strategies selected to match the specific decision.strategies selected to match the specific decision.

• A pilot study helped determineA pilot study helped determine– appropriate field sampling & measurement toolsappropriate field sampling & measurement tools– project-specific field action levels for decisionsproject-specific field action levels for decisions– project-specific SOPs and QC for field analysis project-specific SOPs and QC for field analysis

Observations, Lessons Learned Cont.

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Umatilla Chemical Depot - LTM/RAO

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• 1300 gal/min1300 gal/min

• Four 20,000 pound GAC unitsFour 20,000 pound GAC units

• Primary COC: RDX, TNT, HMX, TNB, DNTPrimary COC: RDX, TNT, HMX, TNB, DNT

Groundwater Treatment Plant

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Plant InfluentPlant EffluentMid-GAC

Sampling Point

Mid-GACSampling

Point

EAST BANKEAST BANK

WEST BANKWEST BANK

EffluentSampling

Point

(RDX < 2.1 ppb)(TNT < 2.8 ppb)

Plant Process Flow Diagram

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•Monitor groundwater cleanup progress Monitor groundwater cleanup progress

•Calculate GAC loading Calculate GAC loading

•Evaluate plant performance Evaluate plant performance

•Assure compliance with groundwater cleanup criteriaAssure compliance with groundwater cleanup criteria

Data Use Objectives

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• Analytical sensitivity and selectivity - ROD Analytical sensitivity and selectivity - ROD cleanup levels RDX 2.1 ppb and TNT 2.8 ppb. cleanup levels RDX 2.1 ppb and TNT 2.8 ppb.

• Type and quality of data required for the Type and quality of data required for the decisions to be made.decisions to be made.

•Field colorimetric methods selected.Field colorimetric methods selected.

Analytical Method Selection

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On-Site Explosives Measurement

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• Nitrate interference, matrix problems identified.Nitrate interference, matrix problems identified.

• Identified appropriate technical supportIdentified appropriate technical supportpersonnel to bring into the team - CRREL staff used.personnel to bring into the team - CRREL staff used.

• Method modifications established to overcome Method modifications established to overcome matrix interference.matrix interference.

Refinement of Field Method

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Field Lab RDX $237.70Field Lab RDX $237.70

Field Lab RDX & TNT $289.99Field Lab RDX & TNT $289.99

Primary Lab Total USEPA 8330 $466.26Primary Lab Total USEPA 8330 $466.26

Cost Comparisons-Sampling & Analysis

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• Three carbon cycles examinedThree carbon cycles examined• Carbon breakthrough curves prepared Carbon breakthrough curves prepared

for each cyclefor each cycle• Suitability of carbon in each cycle Suitability of carbon in each cycle

evaluatedevaluated• Cycle data used to calculate a unit volume Cycle data used to calculate a unit volume

treatment costtreatment cost

Treatment System Optimization Study

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Cycles 1-3Cycles 1-3

CYCLECYCLE CARBON CARBON ANALYTICALANALYTICAL OTHER O&M OTHER O&M TOTALTOTALNUMBERNUMBER COSTCOST COST COST COST COST COST COST

1 $0.162 $0.143 $0.085$0.390 2 $0.275 $0.196 $0.089$0.560 3 $0.123 $0.199 $0.083$0.406

Hmmm...

Treatment Cost per 1000 gallons

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• Continue to operate carbon cycles until Continue to operate carbon cycles until effluent RDX breakthrough.effluent RDX breakthrough.

• Utilize a dynamic monitoring approach Utilize a dynamic monitoring approach that changes as influent chemistry and that changes as influent chemistry and carbon loading capacity changes. carbon loading capacity changes.

Optimization Recommendations

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• The benefits of having data available in The benefits of having data available in the field are many when conducting the field are many when conducting remedial system optimization studies.remedial system optimization studies.

• Field measurement technologies can be Field measurement technologies can be used for long-term RA monitoring. used for long-term RA monitoring.

• Significant cost savings can be realized Significant cost savings can be realized by utilizing field measurement by utilizing field measurement techniques for long-term RA monitoring.techniques for long-term RA monitoring.

Case Study Conclusions

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• Not limited to characterization alone.Not limited to characterization alone.• Many different types of sampling and analysis efforts Many different types of sampling and analysis efforts

can be accompanied with field based technologiescan be accompanied with field based technologies– Conducting all types of site characterization effortsConducting all types of site characterization efforts– Confirming cleanup of sitesConfirming cleanup of sites– Managing emergency response actionsManaging emergency response actions– Guiding remedial action decisions Guiding remedial action decisions – Monitoring treatment processesMonitoring treatment processes– Monitoring long-term complianceMonitoring long-term compliance

Summary: Applications of Field-Based Measurement Technologies

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• Superfund HQ management buy-in is being Superfund HQ management buy-in is being broadenedbroadened

• Informational “Handbooks” (“how-to” guides) are Informational “Handbooks” (“how-to” guides) are being developed in conjunction with the USACE being developed in conjunction with the USACE HTRW CX and other expert practitionersHTRW CX and other expert practitioners

• We We allall will need to work together to push from many will need to work together to push from many angles if modernization of site cleanup practice is to angles if modernization of site cleanup practice is to be achievedbe achieved

Conclusions

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Links to Additional Resources