Fibre Cable Installation Specification - etenders.gov.za Specification... · Fibre Cable Installation Specification FIB_002_STD. Document ID: Fibre Specification Version: 2.0 1 Document

Fibre Cable Installation Specification

FIB_002_STD

Document ID: Fibre Specification Version: 2.0

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Document Control Document Information

Document ID FIB_001_STD

Document Owner City Telecoms: Sybrand Brink

Author IS&T Telecommunications

Author – Contact Details David Jacobs – 021 444 3051

Original Issue Date 13 April 2016

File Name Fibre Specification – Revision 1

Document History

Version Issue Date Changes to Document Approved Document Owner

V1.1 February 2016 Updated

Document Approval

Role Name Company Signature Date

Document Author David Jacobs CoCT

Document Owner – Integrated Network Planner

Sybrand Brink CoCT

Head of Planning & Implementation

Alister van Tonder CoCT

Head of Voice & Video Marius Munnik CoCT

Head of Operations Reg Hite CoCT

Head of Telecoms Data Bradley Rayner CoCT

Manager: Telecoms Leon van Wyk CoCT

The material, products, information and processes contained in this document are confidential. This document, either in part or as a whole, may not be copied or reproduced by any means, nor be disclosed to third parties for purposes other than for which it is supplied, without prior written consent of The City of Cape Town Telecommunications Department.


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Contents 1. SCOPE ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2. CABLE SPECIFICATION ................................................................................................................................................................ 4

2.1 Single mode fibre ............................................................................................................................................. 4

2.1.1 G655.D .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 G652.D .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Multimode fibre ............................................................................................................................................... 5

2.2.1 Performance.................................................................................................................................................................. 5 2.2.2 Cable construction ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

2.3 Cable Handling Limitations .............................................................................................................................. 5

2.3.1 Flexibility of cable ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3.2 Compressive stress ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 2.3.3 Impact Test .................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3.4 Environmental Conditions ............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.3.5 Micro-Bending ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3.6 Macro-bending .............................................................................................................................................................. 5

2.4 Number and Colour Codes ............................................................................................................................... 6

The Fibre colour codes below MUST be adhered to: ................................................................................................................. 6 2.5 Optical Connectors ........................................................................................................................................... 6

2.6 Cable Deployment ............................................................................................................................................ 6

3. METHODS AND PROCEDURES .................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 Fusion Splicing .................................................................................................................................................. 7

3.2.1 Technician Certification ................................................................................................................................................ 7 3.2.2 Splice Conditions ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.2.3 Preparation ................................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.2.4 Stripping, Cleaning and Splicing Fibre ........................................................................................................................... 8 3.2.5 Incorrect Splicing ........................................................................................................................................................... 9

3.3 Blown Fibre ...................................................................................................................................................... 9

3.3.1 Blown fibre Mini-Cables ................................................................................................................................................ 9 3.3.2 Blown fibre Micro-Cables ............................................................................................................................................ 10 3.3.3 Installation Components ............................................................................................................................................. 10

3.4 Installation Procedure of Blown Fibre Cables ................................................................................................ 10

3.5 Installing Fibre Cable Slack in Manholes ........................................................................................................ 14

3.6 Boundary Box ................................................................................................................................................. 15

3.7 Fibre Distribution Points (FDPs) ..................................................................................................................... 15

3.7.1 Core Dome .................................................................................................................................................................. 16 3.7.2 Access Dome ............................................................................................................................................................... 17 3.7.3 Mini domes ................................................................................................................................................................. 18 3.7.4 Dome Preparation ....................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.7.5 Installation Procedure – Core Dome ........................................................................................................................... 18 3.7.6 Connecting the Link Cable to the Main Cable in the Core Dome ................................................................................ 20 3.7.7 Installing the Access Dome onto the Link Cable ......................................................................................................... 21 3.7.8 Heat Shrinking the Cables ........................................................................................................................................... 21 3.7.9 Sprague Dome ............................................................................................................................................................. 24

3.8 Fibre Installation into Switching Containers .................................................................................................. 24

3.8.1 Node box ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.8.2 Containers ................................................................................................................................................................... 26

3.9 Optical Distribution Frames (ODFs)................................................................................................................ 28

3.9.1 The Next Generation Frame (NGF) by TE/Commscope .............................................................................................. 28 3.9.2 Fibre Routing on an FTB .............................................................................................................................................. 30 3.9.3 The Small (Baby) FAME VTS ODF by TE/Commscope.................................................................................................. 31 3.9.4 Installation of cables on FAME ODFs: ......................................................................................................................... 31 3.9.5 Medium FAME VTS ODF by TE/Commscope ............................................................................................................... 32 3.9.6 Large VTS ODF by TE/Commscope .............................................................................................................................. 33 3.9.7 VTS ODF Compartment / Sectional views ................................................................................................................... 33 3.9.8 Mini & Micro-duct routes ........................................................................................................................................... 36 3.9.9 Rack-Mounted VTS ODF by TE/Commscope ............................................................................................................... 37


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3.9.10 Rack-Mounted ODF Combi-Module ODF by R&M .................................................................................................. 38 3.10 Installing cables into an ODF .......................................................................................................................... 39

3.11 OPTICAL FIBRE PATCH PANEL ......................................................................................................................... 41

3.11.1 Rack-Mounted Patch Panels ................................................................................................................................... 41 3.11.2 Wall Mounted Patch Panels.................................................................................................................................... 42 3.11.3 Entry into the building ............................................................................................................................................ 43 3.11.4 Single tenant buildings ........................................................................................................................................... 44 3.11.4.1 Multi-tenant Buildings ............................................................................................................................................ 44 3.11.5 Splicing onto ODFs and Patch Panels ...................................................................................................................... 45 3.11.6 Cabling to elevated building levels ......................................................................................................................... 46

3.12 Raceway System ............................................................................................................................................. 46

3.13 Planning.......................................................................................................................................................... 47

3.13.1 Site and Work Preparation ..................................................................................................................................... 47 3.14 SFP Connectors .............................................................................................................................................. 47

3.15 Fibre Tests ODF to ODF .................................................................................................................................. 48

3.15.1 Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer ...................................................................................................................... 48 3.16 Fibre Tracer Light ........................................................................................................................................... 49

4. HANDOVERS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 49 4.1 Test Equipment .............................................................................................................................................. 49

4.2 Attenuation Tests ........................................................................................................................................... 49

4.3 Handover Documentation .............................................................................................................................. 49

5. LABELLING GUIDE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 49 Fig. 120 – Cable labeling .......................................................................................................................................................... 50 5.1.1 Domes ......................................................................................................................................................................... 50 5.1.2 Switching Facilities ...................................................................................................................................................... 51

6. INSTALLATION CHECKLIST ........................................................................................................................................................ 51 7. HEALTH AND SAFETY ................................................................................................................................................................ 51 8. DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 52 9. REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................................................................ 53


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1. SCOPE The purpose of this document, including all its reference material, is to provide the standards, methods and procedures of Fibre Optic Cable installation for The City of Cape Town Telecommunication Department Network The complete installation shall comply with the requirements of this specification.

2. CABLE SPECIFICATION There are seven tiers of cables on the City Telecoms Network:

Core The Core cable runs between two switching centres. Core cables do not have FDPs mounted on them and are left untouched, running core data between switching centres. On certain routes, where no Core cables are available between switching centres, the last tube of the local cable is reserved for Core traffic.

Local Local cables run between switching centres and have FDPs installed on them. This enables Access cables to be connected to Local fibres in the FDPs.

+CON +CON cables (Cross Connect) are dedicated cables running between a City data centre and a third party data centre

IRT Integrated Rapid Transport system paid for and installed these cables; however, it is owned and managed by The City of Cape Town Telecommunication Department. These cables are considers to be Local cables.

SSU Strategic Surveillance Unit paid for and installed these cables; however, it is owned and managed by The City of Cape Town Telecommunication Department. These cables are considers to be Local cables.

Link The cable that connects the Core FDP dome and the Access FDP dome

Access Any other cable not mentioned above.

2.1 Singlemode fibre

2.1.1 G655.D

City Telecoms primarily uses single mode optic fibre cable produced in accordance with ITU standard G.655D, with the following characteristics:

Fibre Attenuation: <0.22 dB/km at 1550nm

Chromatic dispersion: <6.2ps/nm.km at 1550nm

Polarisation Mode Dispersion: <0.2ps/ √km. Please note that G.655D specification does not cover the 1310nm window, which means that the cable is not rated for operation outside of the C-band (1530-1565nm).

The following specifications apply for all spliced and terminated cable in the City’s network (except for LAN campuses):

Maximum splice attenuation (1550nm) = 0.2dB

Maximum connector attenuation (1550nm) = 0.2dB

Fig.1 Wavelength Bands


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2.1.2 G652.D

Historically, the City of Cape Town Telecommunication Department inherited installed G.652 cables. Even though both G.652 and G.655 fibre types can support DWDM, G.652 has higher chromatic dispersion than G.655, necessitating dispersion compensation. All new cables planned and installed will be G.655 fibre specification type. Existing G.652 cables shall remain where installed, or be replaced by G.655 is those cases where the cables have to support Core Network DWDM routes.

LAN Fibre Cables When new cables are installed in a City complex (i.e. a LAN cable in the OSP), and NO public road is crossed, a less stringent specification can be used, owing to the fact that the distances are much shorter and therefore less skilled installation personnel may be used. The following attenuation specifications apply:

Max splice attenuation = 0.4dB

Max connector attenuation = 0.3dB

2.2 Multimode fibre No new Multimode cables are to be installed in the City’s network, except on City owned towers. Existing Multimode cables may be left in place and may continue to be used, until such time as they are upgraded to Singlemode. On City towers, OM3 Multimode cables (according to ISO 11801) will be installed between the connection box on the landing and either the Node Box or the Switching Centre (site dependent).

2.2.1 Performance

Installed fibre must meet or exceed the following performance specifications.

Max splice attenuation = 0.4dB

Max connector attenuation = 0.3dB

2.3 Cable Construction

Please refer to APPENDIX A: FIBRE CABLE MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONof this document for details regarding the optic fibre materials specifications.

2.4 Cable Handling Limitations

2.4.1 Flexibility of cable

No part of the cable may suffer permanent damage when the cable is repeatedly wrapped and unwrapped. The attenuation of cable shall be monitored and shall not increase by more than 0.1dB. The minimum bend radius allowed during installation is

Mini Cable (6.3mm) = 300mm

Micro Cable (2.4mm) = 40mm

2.4.2 Compressive stress

The factory test of the cable specifies a compressive load of 2000 N applied between two flat plates of dimension 100 mm by 100 mm. At no point during installation may the cable be subjected to a compression force greater than this. The attenuation of the fibre in the cable may be monitored during installation. At no point may the attenuation increase by more than 0.05dB/drum.

2.4.3 Impact Test

The factory test of the cable specifies an impact test of dropping a weight of 2 kg with a rounded bottom profile of 25-mm diameter from a height of 100 mm on to the cable. At no point during installation may the cable be subjected to an impact force greater than this. There shall be no breakage of any optical fibre in the cable. The attenuation of the fibre in the cable may be monitored during installation. At no point may the attenuation increase by more than 0.05dB/drum.

2.4.4 Environmental Conditions

The optical fibre cable shall not be installed outside the allowed temperature range of –10°C to 40°C.

2.4.5 Micro-Bending

A Micro-bend is a microscopic bend in the fibre that may be caused either by bending the fibre too sharply, causing the fibre to crack, or by the fibre being compressed by a rough surface, such as by sand or stones. In either case the fibre is damaged beyond repair. Under no circumstances may the fibre cable ever be subjected to micro-bending during installation or handling as doing so destroys the fibres inside and will lead to the installer being liable for the replacement of the cable.

Minimum Fibre Micro-Bend radius = 10mm

2.4.6 Macro-bending

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801


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Macro-bending occurs when fibre is bent into a visible curvature. If the cable is bent below the allowable macro-bending radius during operations, the bend causes additional attenuation of the optical signal. The macro-bending radius may be exceeded somewhat during installation, but the installer must ensure that the final installation does not exceed the operational radius. Doing so will mean that the quality inspection will fail and the installer will have to re-install the fibres.

Minimum bend radius during installation = 20mm

Minimum operational bend radius = 30mm

2.5 Number and Colour Codes

The Fibre colour codes below MUST be adhered to:

Fig.4 - Colour Codes

2.6 Optical Connectors An optical connector pair introduces loss onto the optical signal transmitted by the pair. Some of the light is reflected directly back down the fibre toward the source that generated the light. These reflections (Optical Return Loss - ORL) can damage the Laser Light Source and also disrupt the transmitted signal. City Telecoms uses APC (Angled Physical Contact) as a rule, which reduces the reflection of the connector, but also deploys UPC (Ultra Physical Contact) connectors.

Fig.5 - Reflectance from a 8° APC interface

After installation all connectors must pass the following specification or they must be replaced at the installers cost:

LC-APC

Insertion Loss: 0.2 dB Maximum

Return Loss: 60 dB Minimum

LC-UPC

Insertion Loss: 0.2 dB Maximum

Return Loss: 50 dB Minimum

The City of Cape Town Telecommunication Department Network will also employ No Polish connectors (NPC) to help enable fast, on-site installation of 250 μm and 900 μm single mode and multimode fibre. See Appendix for details.

2.7 Cable Deployment All Core Network routes should contain 2x Local cables and 1x Core cable

All CAT1 (See page 5) switching centres must be connected via Core cables

Sections of the Core Network between switching centres CAT 1 is serviced by 2x Local cables: o The first Local cable services the first half of the section o The second Local cable services the second half of the section


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Fig. 6 Section A services first half and Section B servicing latter half

All installed fibre cables shall be Single Mode. However, Multimode shall be employed between Radio Towers and Node boxes or Switching Centres. Existing Multimode may be used on LAN complexes

Core, Local, +Con and Link cables are ALL Mini cable type (6.3mm blown fibre)

Access cables may be Mini (6.3mm), Micro (1.4 or 2.4) or CST (Corrugated Steel Tape) cables o CST cables are Access cables inherited (historical), however, though not a planned cable may be used in high-

risk areas (for example - moles or rat infested regions)

3. METHODS AND PROCEDURES

3.1 Overview The Contractor / Installations Work Team must at all times adhere to the Optic Fibre Cable handling (and storage) specifications, as specified in this document. The installer must test each fibre strand while the cable is on the drum to ensure that no fibres were broken in transit. On confirmation that no Fibres are out of spec or broken, the cable may be installed into the Outside Plant after which it must be tested again. This is to ensure that no fibres were broken during installation. If it is found during the second test that the installer has damaged or broken some of the Fibre strands in the Optic Fibre Cable, then the Installations Team / Contractor will be expected to haul the Cable out of the Outside Plant duct infrastructure and replace the entire drum/section at their own cost. Under no circumstances will The City of Cape Town Telecommunication Department accept any broken or damaged Fibre Strands in the Cable. After the post-installation test, the Cable must now be spliced and terminated and tested a third time. The final post-termination test will be performed by the CoCT’s QA Personnel, not by the installer. If it is found that any of the splices on the installed Cable/Patch Panel/ODF do not conform to the specifications, the Installations Team / Contractor will be expected to re-splice at its own cost. Under no circumstances will The City of Cape Town Telecommunication Department accept any splices that do not conform to the specifications detailed within this document (See: 4.2 Fusion Splicing). All cables/connectors/pigtails supplied to the installer must be accompanied by test results confirming their compliance with The City of Cape Town Telecommunication Department standards – see Installation checklist.

3.2 Fusion Splicing Fusion Splicing uses heat to fuse the ends of the fibres together. Fusion splicing is always done with a Core Alignment Fusion Splicer that operates as follows: The two cable ends are secured within a splice enclosure that will protect the splices, i.e. - a Splice Protector. The fibre cable ends are stripped of their protective polymer covering (as well as the toughened outer jacket, if present). The ends are cleaved (cut) with a cleaver to make them vertically aligned with each other (not askew) and are placed into distinctive holders located in the splicer. The splice is inspected via a magnified viewing screen to check the cleaves before and after the splice. The splicer aligns the vertically snipped ends together and discharges a small spark between electrodes at the gap to burn off moisture and dust. Afterward, the splicer produces a larger spark that raises the temperature above the melting point of the glass, fusing the ends together permanently. The position and energy of the spark is carefully controlled so that the melted core and cladding do not mix because this would increase the optical loss. Splice loss estimation can be measured using the splicer by pulsing light through the cladding on one side and measuring the light transmitted from the cladding on the other side.

3.2.1 Technician Certification

All installation staff shall possess a valid and up-to-date Certified Fibre Optic Technician (CFOT) certificate issued by the Fibre Optic Association (FOA). City Telecoms reserves the right to forbid technicians without this certification to work on the City’s plant.

3.2.2 Splice Conditions

All splices must be fusion-spliced with a core-alignment fusion splicer. The splices must be protected with heat-shrink splice protectors containing a strengthening member. Neither mechanical nor temporary splices nor metal crimp-type splice protectors will be accepted.

Maximum allowable attenuation per splice = 0.15 dB

At least 70% of all splices on a given fibre strand must have an attenuation ≤ 0.1 dB

3.2.3 Preparation

It is important to keep fibre as clean as possible. Another important aspect of fibre optic communication when extending the fibre cables is that losses brought by the splicing of two different cables are kept to a minimum. Joining fibre optic cables proves


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more difficult than piecing together copper or electrical wires. Joining optic fibre involves the stripping, cleaning and cleaving of the fibre as well as the perfect alignment of fibre cores and splicing the aligned cores hereafter. The following tools are used to prepare the fibre for splicing:

Fibre Buffer Tube Stripper

Fig.7 - Buffer Tape Stripper

o These devices have adjustable blades which can be set for precise depths to aid in exposing fibres from loose tubes

Coating Stripper

Fig.8 - Coating Stripper

o The Coating Stripper mechanically removes fibre coating using precision blades and fixed channels within the unit o After the coating has been stripped, the fibre is cleaned with a solution of isopropyl alcohol

Fibre Cleaver

Fig.9 - Cleaver

o A cleave is a deliberate and controlled break in the fibre, intended to produce a perfectly flat surface end o Cleavers clamp the fibre into the correct position and delivers a clean break

3.2.4 Stripping, Cleaning and Splicing Fibre

Both fibre cable ends will need to be stripped from its protective polymer buffer coating in preparation for fusion splicing using the Buffer Tape Stripper (3.8.3). Score the buffer tape in intervals of 300 to 400mms. Carefully flex the buffer tube to and fro until it snaps. Once disconnected, remove the buffer tape by cautiously sliding it from the tube. The exposed fibre may now be stripped. The City of Cape Town Telecommunication Department Network uses a 125 µm fibre with a core diameter of 9 µm. The Coating Stripper (see Fig. 6) will neatly remove the outer coating. Proceed with the following steps engaging with one fibre at a time:

1. Place the Heat Shrink Protector on the first fibre (before stripping) 2. Strip the fibre coating leaving enough bare fibre for the cleaver. Carefully remove less than 50mm at a time 3. Once stripped, clean the fibre using the IPA (isopropyl alcohol) cleaning solution and a lint free cloth 4. Place the fibre in the cleaver 5. Cleave the fibre following the instructions for the cleaver type used 6. Dispose the cleaved fibre shard in a safe manner


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7. Keep handling the of bare fibres to a minimum and once cleaved, splice the fibre as soon as possible to reduce any contact with airborne contaminants

8. Place the cleaved fibre in the fibre splicer 9. Align the fibre as close to the electrode as possible 10. The cleaved fibre should be clean (devoid of chips and imperfections)and be between 0° and 0.5° perpendicular 11. Leave as little unsheathed fibre as possible – no more than 125mm 12. Repeat the steps above for the second fibre 13. Once both fibres are carefully aligned with the electrode, clamp in both fibres 14. Close the fusion splicer and run the program 15. The fusion splicer will pre-fuse, clean and align the fibres correctly. The cables will be the same strength as the rest of

the cable fibre. 16. Should the fibres not be aligned correctly (displayed by the Fusion splicer), BREAK THE SPLICE and repeat the entire

process 17. Once the fibres have been fused, carefully remove the splice 18. Slide the heat shrink splice protector over the spliced section with the sliced joining in the centre 19. Carefully place it on the heater module on the splicer 20. Run the heater program which will heat shrink the splice protector on to the fibre

Once the program has completed, carefully remove the completed spliced fibre

Fig. 10 – The Core Alignment Fusion Splicer

The fusion splicer makes a permanent connection between two strands of single mode optic fibre. The fusion splicer must fuse two strands of single mode optic fibre together using an electric arc. It uses the core alignment method in order to minimise core mismatch which results in attenuation. It has cameras on the X- and Y axis and a display screen to show the matching of fibre strands before splicing.

3.2.5 Incorrect Splicing

Losses can be related to splicing errors or mistakes. This is caused by extrinsic parameters such as separation (Gap), incorrect angle fixing and non-aligned offsets between fibre cores.

Fig.11 – Incorrect Splicing

3.3 Blown Fibre Air-assisted installation of blown fibre is based on blowing a continuous high-speed airflow along the duct with an air source. The moving air force pushes the cable and makes it advance forward at a typical speed supported by the equipment.

3.3.1 Blown fibre Mini-Cables

Blown fibre Mini-Cables (6.3mm diameter) must be blown into 9.8/12mm (ID/OD) mini-tubes from manhole to manhole. The hauling distance between manholes may be as much as 600m. At no time may the hauling/blowing force employed exceed the allowable tensile force for the Cable as this may harm and damage Fibre strands. The minimum bending radius of each type of Cable must always be maintained, otherwise the Cable may kink, resulting in broken strands. The following values apply:


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Maximum allowable Cable strain = 6 x M Newton, where M is the mass of 1km of Cable in kilograms. This load must not produce a strain exceeding 0.2% in the fibres, nor cause any damage or deformations or twists to the component parts of the Cable or Cable sheath

There must be a zero fibre strain at a Cable stress of up to 175 N

The minimum bend radius of a Mini-Cable is 300mm during installation

Mini-Cables can withstand a compressive load (crush resistance) of 100 N/cm without deformation, therefore at no time during the installation process may this value be exceeded

3.3.2 Blown fibre Micro-Cables

Blown fibre Micro-Cable (2.4mm diameter) must be blown into 5/8mm (ID/OD) micro-tubes from manhole to customer premises. The blowing distance may be as much as 600m. At no time may the blowing force employed exceed the allowable tensile force for the cable, as this may harm and damage Fibre strands. The minimum bending radius of each type of Cable must always be maintained, otherwise the Cable may kink, resulting in broken Fibre Strands. The following values apply:

Maximum allowable Cable strain = 1 x M Newton, where M is the mass of 1km of Cable in kilograms. This load must not produce a strain exceeding 0.2% in the Cable Fibres, nor cause any damage or deformation to the component parts of the Cable or Cable sheath.

There must be a zero fibre strain at a Cable stress of up to 80 N

The minimum bend radius of a Micro-Cable is 40mm during installation

Micro-Cables can withstand a compressive load (crush resistance) of 10N/cm without deformation, therefore at no time during the installation process may this value be exceeded

See 4.10.6 For information pertaining to Gas Blockers

3.3.3 Installation Components

Three basic components are required when floating fibre cables:

Drum of cable

Air Compressor

Jetting Machine

Fig.12 - Cable Drum, Compressor, Jetting Machine

3.4 Installation Procedure of Blown Fibre Cables The following procedure must always be followed when installing blown fibre cables:

1. Pre-test the fibre cable on the drum to ensure it is in satisfactory condition 2. Identify the duct and sub-duct (tube) specified in the Fibre Plan 3. Ensure that the tube is connected as specified by the Fibre Plan (Fig.11)

Fig. 13 – Connecting the jetting machine

4. Ensure that the correct cable has been selected


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5. Assemble the Drum fibre with the air compressor and the jetting machine

Fig. 14 – Jetting machine connected to OSP tube, cable drum and compressor

6. Maximum pressure shall be 15 kPa 7. Ensure barricades and safety measures are in place 8. Apply lubricant (polywater) to the tube

Fig. 15 - Jetting machine connected to OSP tube, cable drum and compressor

9. Connect the retrieved duct to the jetting machine using a leader tube

Fig. 16 – Connecting OSP tube to jetting machine

10. Insert the fibre cable into the jetting machine. To safeguard the safety of the duct, ensure that the Jetting wheels are

polyurethane


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Fig. 17 – Cable inserted into drive wheels

11. Clamp the jetting machine securely ensuring the cables are fitted firmly

Fig. 18 – Reassembly of jetting machine

12. Adjust the settings on the jetting machine for the appropriate speed, pressure, etc.

Fig. 19 – Setting the machine

13. Connect the compressor tubes to the jetting machine

Fig. 20 – Connecting compressor tube

14. Turn on the compressor 15. Release / open air clamps to allow compressed air to be distributed through the tubes


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Fig. 21 – Open air clamps

16. Turn on the jetting machine and reset any prior work inputs and settings

Fig. 22 – Turn on jetting machine

17. Set the air pressure

Fig. 23 – Set air Pressure

18. Commence floating, constantly observing speed and pressure on the jetting machine display

Fig. 24 – Start Floating

19. When floating through an intermediary manhole, the cable must be coiled in a figure 8 to avoid twisting the cable and snapping the fibres

20. Once floating has been completed, proceed with Fibre Post installation test to ensure no harm was caused to the fibre.


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Fig. 25 - Floating

3.5 Installing Fibre Cable Slack in Manholes The mini cable will be exposed inside the manhole in the case where a FDP or cable slack is specified on the Plan. The following shall apply:

Float cable between manholes

Allow for 30 metres of cable slack to be set up on brackets along the manhole walls

The Fibre Cables shall be looped as per Fig.25 below

Fig. 26 Cable slack on brackets

Under no circumstances shall any cable be allowed to exceed its minimum bend radius (see 3.1.6)

The duct sheath should be trimmed back to 30-50mm from inner manhole wall. Allowing the sheath to extend too far could cause the tube to kink

If no slack is required in the manhole, the tubes may be directly coupled (always maintaining the minimum bend radius). If not, a short piece of tube may be inserted to couple the tubes

Fig. 27 – Direct coupling

If the tubes cannot be connected without exceeding the minimum bend radius, install a loop (the same colour as the floating tube) tube onto the slack brackets

Fig. 28 – Installing a loop

The tube may never be kinked

Avoid Couplers fixed on fibre bends (Fig. 28)


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Fig. 29 – No kinking of tubes allowed

3.6 Boundary Box Other than directly diverting a fibre tube to a building via an Access dome, the Boundary box is used to connect OSP cables to a Customer Building. It has a unique lock, similar to the Green lock used on manhole covers. The Boundary box has a 12 Way running through and from the 12 Way, a 2 Way (or larger) is diverted to the building (see fig 30).

Fig. 30 - Boundary box

Fig 31 – Boundary box connection

3.7 Fibre Distribution Points (FDPs) The City of Cape Town Telecommunication Department Network uses a double dome FDP system where a single tube from a Local Cable (typically a 72F) is diverted through a Core Dome into a second dome (Access) by means of a Link Cable (Fig.31). The Link Cable is usually 24F, however may at times be a 48F. All Access Cables are spliced into the Access Dome and onto a Link

Cable. This reduces the risk of service interruption on the Main Cable by ⅚ (in the case of a single tube) as the Core Dome is

never touched again.


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Fig.32 - The Double-Dome Fibre Distribution Point

Fig. 33- Dome Dimensions

3.7.1 Core Dome

The Core dome is installed on the Local 72F cable. From the 72F Local cable, a 24F cable diverts 1 tube into the Access dome or else a 48F cable diverts 2 tubes. This cable is called the Link Cable

The Local cable requires between 25m to 30m slack within the Manhole

The Link cable between the Core and Access domes shall have 10m of cable slack

Oval Entry may accommodate 1x 72F Local cables in and out (cable remains uncut, but sheath is stripped)

Sprague Entries are used for Link Cable entry (between Core and Access domes), or for inserting a cut Local Cable for through splicing

Bare fibres shall be mounted in the fibre holder slots and slack shall be installed within the cable management guides

Cassettes are Single Element, 12 fibres/splices per cassette

Trays: Can accommodate 16 splices (8 cassettes within the Core Dome at 2x splices per cassette)

The Core dome has 12 splice cassettes, which means that it may be used in the following scenarios: o One or two tubes are diverted onto a link cable, either 24F or 48F, requiring 24 or 48 splices respectively o Along with the link cable the main Local Cable (72F) may also be through spliced (96 or 120 splices) o Two local cables may both be through spliced, without a link cable (144 splices)

Cassettes shall be populated as follows :Cassette 1 is closest to the base of the dome o 24F Link Cable only

Cassette 1 for A-side (RED) – spliced to Tube 1 of 24F Cassette 2 for B-side (GREEN) - spliced to Tube 2 of 24F

o 48F Link Cable only


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Cassette 1 for Tube 1 A-side (RED) – spliced to Tube 1 of 48F Cassette 2 for Tube 2 A-side (RED) – spliced to Tube 2 of 48F Cassette 3 for Tube 1 B-side (GREEN) – spliced to Tube 3 of 48F Cassette 4 for Tube 2 B-side (GREEN) – spliced to Tube 4 of 48F

o Local Cable through splice: in 24F FDP use Cassettes 3-8 in 48F FDP use Cassettes 5-10

o Two local cables through spliced First Local Cable in Cassettes 1-6 Second Local Cable in Cassettes 7-12

Red → Keller House (A side) Green → Not Keller House (B side) **Exception: BC-BG/1/72/Local (due to historical installation of PC-BC/1/72/Local being diverted into SCs)

Fig. 34 - Core Dome internals. Back view showing frame and slack brackets (left). Front view showing cassettes (right)

Fig. 35– The Local Cable is fastened onto the cable retainer and labelled with a RED (A-side) or GREEN (B-side)

identifier. Note also the slack storage tray

Fig. 36 – Core dome splice cassettes showing tube population

3.7.2 Access Dome

The Access Dome has 4x 30mm rigid spigots to allow entry of flexible 12-way ducts (Sprague ducts), as well as 6 flexible spigots for the entry of mini-cables


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The Cassettes use Single Circuit routing, each cassette has an inner- and an outer section, each of which only accommodate 2 fibres/splices

On initial installation, no Access cables are present, so the Link Cable is spliced onto itself, colour-for-colour

When splicing a 24F Link Cable onto itself, populate the cassettes in the following way: o Cassette 1: Fibres 1-4 onto fibres 13-16 o Cassette 2: Fibres 5-8 onto fibres 17-20 o Cassette 3: Fibres 9-12 onto fibres 21-24

When splicing a 48F Link Cable onto itself, populate the cassettes in the following way: o Cassette 1: Fibres 1-4 onto fibres 25-28 o Cassette 2: Fibres 5-8 onto fibres 29-32 o Cassette 3: Fibres 9-12 onto fibres 33-36 o Cassette 4: Fibres 13-16 onto fibres 37-40 o Cassette 5: Fibres 17-20 onto fibres 41-44 o Cassette 6: Fibres 21-24 onto fibres 45-48

Cassettes (12 cassettes in total with 4x splices per holder)) in the access dome shall have the first 3 trays directed to the A side (red) and the following 3 as B side (green)

Each mini-cable must be sheath stripped for 1,5m and terminated in the correct and planned cassettes

Mini-cables must have their strength members screwed down onto the frame

When a flexible 12-way is inserted into a 30mm spigot, the Tubes must be cut as long as the dome to allow the blowing head or a gas blocker to be inserted

When 12 micro-ducts are inserted, the ducts and the link cable must carefully be cable tied together for easier management (or use Velcro straps).

Fig.37 – Single Circuit Routing using an Inner- and Outer Cassette with 2 splices each

3.7.3 Mini domes

If you have a local 24F cable with one tube bypassing and a second tube that drops off to feed a client – keep the existing FDP architecture with a core and access dome, however make use of the mini domes. The splicing cassettes are still problematic.

If you have an access 24F that is the end of the cable, a single access mini dome can be used

3.7.4 Dome Preparation

1. Remove dome casing 2. Open the selected dome spigot 3. Roughen and chafe the outer spigot with sandpaper 4. Fit the heat-shrink sleeve over the roughened spigot 5. Heat and melt the sleeve over the spigot, leaving a 10mm lip at the open end of the cable entry spigot

3.7.5 Installation Procedure – Core Dome

1. Prepare the Spigots on the domes by removing the end caps 2. Clean the cable to be inserted into the dome 3. Mark the incoming and outgoing Main cable (East and West) 4. Mark positions on the cable for the required length (do not exceed maximum bend radius) 5. Strip the cable sheath (3.6 metres for looping and 1.8 metres for straight cables).

Outer Cassette

Inner Cassette


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Fig. 38 – Looping the main cable for dome insertion

6. Clean the fibre tubes (remove water blocking gel) 7. Wind tape around the cable jacket and smooth it out (Do not cut the cable or any tubes)

Fig. 39 – Tape up ends of sheath

8. Mark the cable area for splicing, indicating which tubes are to be cut according to the Plan (Fig.39)

Fig. 40 – Mark the tubes to be cut

9. Cut the strength member ± 150mm from sheath (both East and West – Fig 40)

Fig. 41 – Cut strength member

10. Warm the fibre loose tubes using the hot-air blower (optional – Fig.41)

Fig. 42 – Warm the tubes

11. Mark the fibre according to the colour and numbering found in 2.2 of this document (Both A-Side {RED} and B-Side {GREEN}). A-side is always towards Keller House.

12. Clean the cable loop and slide the heat-shrink sleeve over it


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13. The uncut Main cable shall be looped and inserted through the oval entry (ensure fibres are warmed before inserting). Where cable is looped, gently guide the loop through the cable entry spigot

14. Ensure loose cables are not kinked, twisted or damaged

Fig. 43 – Inserting the uncut tube bundle into the oval entry

15. Carefully turn the cable to allow the strength member to be fixed on the fixing screw-point (See Arrow in Fig. 43)

Fig. 44 – Securing strength member

16. Carefully secure the cable to the rack with a cable tie (or use Velcro straps)

Fig.45 – Securing the cable

17. Route fibre tubes (targeted fibres to the front-and uncut loops to rear - of the rack) accordingly 18. Secure fibre tubes to the support frame with a cable tie (carefully to avoid kinking fibre)- or use a Velcro strap 19. Ready cassettes for fibre installation 20. Cut the fibre tube to be spliced in half 21. Strip the tube to the beginning of the guide 22. Route bare fibre(s) to the selected cassettes (Cassette closest to the base is #1 – A-Side half of the tube in cassette 2, B-

Side half in cassette 1)

3.7.6 Connecting the Link Cable to the Main Cable in the Core Dome

23. Insert Link Cable into flexible spigot in Core Dome (1.8m) 24. Strip link cable sheath down to its base plate 25. Cut the Strength Member 150mm from the base 26. Fix the Strength Member to the screw point 27. Strip fibre tube sheath down to the beginning of the fibre guide 28. Red and Green identifiers to be in installed to indicate direction 29. Insert Bokt clip (cheese / branch clip) evenly to separate fibre cables (not required for single cable entry) 30.


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Fig. 46 - Bokt Clip

31. Insert bare fibre through the fibre guide to cassettes: o Tube 1 = Cassette 1 o Tube 2 = Cassette 2

32. Splice fibres of the Link Cable onto fibres of the Main Cable: colour-for-colour (see section 4.6.1)

Main Cable Link Cable Cassette

Tube A-Side Red Label T1 Blue 1

Tube B-Side Green Label T2 Orange 2

Table 1 - One Tube on Main Cable, 24F Link Cable

Main Cable Link Cable Cassette

First Tube West (Red Label) T1 Blue 1

Second Tube West (Red Label) T2 Orange 2

First Tube East (Green Label) T3 Green 3

Second Tube East (Green Label) T4 Brown 4

Table 2 - Two Tubes on Main Cable, 48F Link Cable

33. Insert Splice Protectors into the splice holders in the correct order: Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, etc. 34. On completion of splicing, replace cassette cover and Velcro strapping to its original position 35. Carefully pull the cable backward to tighten and promote strain relief

3.7.7 Installing the Access Dome onto the Link Cable

36. Insert Link Cable into the flexible spigot of the Access Dome (1.8m) 37. Strip the cable sheath down to the base plate 38. Cut Strength member 150mm from base 39. Fix the strength member to the screw point 40. Splice tubes of Link Cable onto each other as specified in section 4.6.2

3.7.8 Heat Shrinking the Cables

41. Heat the heat-shrink sleeve once in position starting from the enclosure, evenly over the entire circumference 42. Once the enclosure has been completed, allow the now securely fitted sleeve to cool for ± 10 minutes 43. With the circumference completed, conclude the heat-shrink process over the remainder of the sleeve 44. Allow the sleeve to cool for ±15 minutes once done 45. Ensure that the cables and enclosure are not moved or hindered with during the process 46. See Manufacturer’s Guide for additional information

Fig. 47 - Heat shrinking the main cable entry (left), the result (right)


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Fig. 48 – Splicing a 24F Link cable into a Core and Access Dome


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Fig. 49 - Splicing a 48F Link cable into a Core and Access Dome

Fig. 50 - Splicing Detail for the Core Dome (48F link cable)


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Fig.51 - Splicing Detail for the Access Dome (48F link cable)

3.7.9 Sprague Dome

Transitions in 12 tubes 3.5/5 into the Access dome to the outside plant directly buried 12 Way: 12 tubes 5/8.

Fig. 52 – Inserting the Sprague dome link

3.8 Fibre Installation into Switching Containers The City of Cape Town currently has six types of containers deployed:

1. Two cabinet Container 2. Five cabinet Container 3. Eleven cabinet Container 4. Thirteen cabinet Container 5. 25u Node Box 6. 43u Node box

Ducts (usually the 110mm Duct) routed to these containers will enter from underneath the individual unit.


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3.8.1 Node box

Fig. 53 - Node box 43u with airconditioner

The Node box is deployed in High-sites where the Switching Facility and the Tower are more than 50metres from each other

High-site node boxes won’t be equipped with air-conditioners because the switches used are temperature hardened

For other applications the Node box may be fitted with an air-conditioning system

The Node box must be bolted and secured to the ground

All doors / hatches shall be sealed and locked at all times

Fibre (48F), Copper and Electricity cables shall be transported underground to the Node box and fitted from underneath the unit from the Switching Facility and Tower

At each landing there will be a stainless steel connection box housing fibre and copper patch panels

Between the Node box and the connection boxes both copper (Cat5E) and fibre cable connections will be installed

Each mounting shall be secured with two bolts on either side of the rack

Fig. 54 - Connecting the Node box on fibre to the switching facility

Fig. 55 – Fibre and copper cable connections to the tower

The Node box will contain some or all of the following items, depending on the application: 1. Rack-mounted Power-Over-Ethernet Injectors 2. Shelf-mounted POE injectors 3. Uninterruptible Power Supply and batteries 4. Copper Patch panels 5. Optic fibre patch panels 6. Lightning arrestors /surge suppressors 7. Hardened switches


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Fig. 56 – Equipment layout of the Node box

3.8.2 Containers

Fig. 57 – 13 Cabinet Container


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Fig. 58 – 13 Cabinet container Schematic layout

Container sizes vary based on the amount of racks available in each

The internal schematic lay-out of each will be similar, except for the position of the ODF o In 5-cabinet containers the ODF/patch panel will be in cabinet 4 o In 11-cabinet containers the ODF/patch panel will be in cabinet 8 o In 13-cabinet containers the ODF/patch panel will be in cabinet 1

Ducts will enter via an extended manhole at the rear of the container and will be routed directly into the ODF within the container (see Figs. 58 to 60)

All 13- and 11 cabinet containers will be equipped with rack-mounted ODFs

Fig. 59 –Entry manhole to 13-cabinet container

Fig. 59 Ducts routed from Manhole extension along basket trays into the ODF mounted inside the container


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Fig. 60 - Top View of Tubes entering ODF cabinet from manhole

3.9 Optical Distribution Frames (ODFs) At all Switching Centre facilities City Telecoms employs ODFs to terminate all optic fibre cables. A variety of different products are in use, each will be discussed in turn.

3.9.1 The Next Generation Frame (NGF) by TE/Commscope

The ODF consist of three sections, each of which is a separate rack/bay. On the left is the Inside Plant Bay, which connects to all racks in the Switching Centre to the ODF using patch leads. This makes the ports on the patch panels in the racks available on the ODF (Fig. 61). The bay consists of 12 fibre termination blocks (FTB), each with 12 rows of 12 connectors (144 connector positions/ mid-couplers, all LC-APC). Each row of the ISP bay, starting from the top, is assigned to the corresponding rack on the switching centre floor. Thus Rack 37 is assigned to the top row of Block 4 as well as the top row of Block 10 (Fig. 62). In this way 72 racks may be catered for, each with 24 fibres. One-compartment racks have 24 fibres assigned per compartment, two-compartment racks have 12 fibres per compartment and four-compartment racks have six fibres per compartment. The bay on the right is the Splice Bay, which is where the outside plant fibre cables are spliced onto micro-cables of 12 fibres each. The bay consists of up to 12 splice shelves which hold 12 cassettes with 12 splices each. Thus each splice shelf corresponds to a termination block on the OSP bay with 144 connectors (LC-APC). The middle bay is the Outside Plant Bay and makes available all the fibres on the outside plant cables. This is achieved by having one pigtail, which is a length of fibre with a LC-APC connector at one end, plugged into the back of the mid-coupler on the termination block. The other end of the fibre pigtail is cabled together with 11 others into a micro-cable which is then spliced directly onto the outside plant fibre inside the splice bay.

Fig. 61 - NGF ODF

Each shelf = 12 cassettes with 12 splices each -> one block of 144


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Cross-connection between OSP mid-coupler and ISP mid-couplers may now be affected with the use a single, 6m, duplex Tracerlight patch lead.

Fig. 62 - NGF ODF Rack positions

Fig. 63 – The OSP NGF Termination Block showing micro-cable routing

Fig. 64 – Detail of the NGF Termination Block cable management tray

See the updated Fibre Lay-out schematic manual (retrofit document)

Fig. 65 - Fibre Termination Block Pre-terminated: 144 LC-APC couplers


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3.9.2 Fibre Routing on an FTB

1. Open the Fibre Termination Block (FTB) door and ready the planned specified adapter block

Fig. 66 – The sliding adaptor pack holding the mid-couplers

2. Remove the dust cap from the adapter and connect the patch lead

Fig. 67 – Connecting the duplex LC-APC connectors onto the mid-coupler

3. Route the patch lead around the radius trough and into either of the directions displayed below

Fig. 68 – Routing the patch leads through the cable routing troughs

4. When routing and storing patch leads in the slack bracket, observe the following guidelines


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Fig. 69 – Routing patch leads into the slack management panel

3.9.3 The Small (Baby) FAME VTS ODF by TE/Commscope

The ODF consist of two sections; a slack bay and a combined Connector/Splice Bay. As in the NGF product, the OSP fibre cables are spliced to 12-fibre micro-cables in splice cassettes, located in the bottom half of the combined bay (Fig. 70). The micro-cables are routed into two separate 30-row connector blocks, located in the top half of the combined bay. Each micro-cable fans out into 12 pigtails with one connector each, which is inserted into the back of the connector blocks’ mid-coupler. In this way all OSP fibre are available for connection with patch leads to equipment. This ODF has no ISP section.

3.9.4 Installation of cables on FAME ODFs:

1. OSP Fibre cables are fed in from below into the Splice Bay 2. Cables are tied with Cable ties and fixed to the cable holder (or use Velcro straps) 3. From the 72F Cable, feed 12F tube cables individually into the transportation tubes 4. The Transportation tubes lead to the Splice Bay where each 12F Tube is assigned to a Cassette 5. Fibres are separated within the cassettes and individually spliced to pigtails 6. Every row on the ODF is assigned to one splice tray 7. Follow the cable preparation guide in 4.2.3 of this document

Fig. 70 – The Small VTS ODF (Baby VTS)


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Fig. 71 – Cable routing in the Baby VTS

3.9.5 Medium FAME VTS ODF by TE/Commscope

The ODF consist of three sections, each of which is a separate rack/bay. On the left (usually) is the Connector Bay, which connects to all racks in the Switching Centre to the ODF using patch leads (left side), as well as to all the OSP cables using micro-cables (right side). This makes the ports on the patch panels in the racks available on the left (ISP) side of the ODF (Fig. 72). The bay consists of six connector blocks. The top four (blocks 1, 2, 4 and 5) have 30 rows of 12 connectors each (360 connectors, all LC-APC). The bottoms two blocks (3 and 6) have 13 rows of 12 connectors (156 total). Each row of the ISP side (left side: blocks 1, 2, 3), starting from the top, is assigned to the corresponding rack on the switching centre floor. Thus Rack 37 is assigned to row 7 of Block 2 (Fig. 73). In this way 72 racks may be catered for, each with 12 fibres. One-compartment racks have 12 fibres assigned per compartment, two-compartment racks have 6 fibres per compartment and four-compartment racks have two or four fibres per compartment. The bay on the right is the Splice Bay, which is where the outside plant fibre cables are spliced onto micro-cables of 12 fibres each. The bay consists of 72 splice cassettes which hold 12 splices each. Thus each splice cassette corresponds to a row on the OSP side (right side: blocks 4, 5, 6) with 12 connectors (LC-APC). The micro-cables are routed into the right side of the Connector Bay, where they fan out into the back of the mid-couplers in blocks 4, 5 and 6. This makes all OSP fibres available to be connected. Cross-connection between OSP mid-coupler and ISP mid-couplers may now be affected with the use a single, 6m, duplex Tracerlight patch lead. The middle bay is the Slack Bay.

Fig. 72 - Medium VTS ODF showing Connector Bay, Slack Bay and Splice Bay


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Fig. 73 - Medium VTS ODF showing blocks and patch routing

3.9.6 Large VTS ODF by TE/Commscope

The ODF consist of four sections, each of which is a separate rack/bay. On the left is the ISP Connector Bay, which connects to all racks in the Switching Centre to the ODF using patch leads. Next is the Slack Bay, after which one finds the OSP Connector Bay which is connected to all the OSP cables using micro-cables (Fig. 74). The Connector Bays each consist of six connector blocks. The top four (blocks 1, 2, 4 and 5) have 30 rows of 12 connectors each (360 connectors, all LC-APC). The bottoms two blocks (3 and 6) have 13 rows of 12 connectors (156 total). Each row of the ISP Bay, starting from the top, is assigned to the corresponding rack on the switching centre floor. Thus Rack 37 is assigned to Row 7 of Block 2, as well as Row 7 of Block 5 (Fig. 75). In this way 72 racks may be catered for, each with 24 fibres. One-compartment racks have 24 fibres assigned per compartment, two-compartment racks have 12 fibres per compartment and four-compartment racks have six fibres per compartment. The bay on the right is the Splice Bay, which is where the outside plant fibre cables are spliced onto micro-cables of 12 fibres each. The bay consists of 72 splice cassettes which hold 12 splices each. Thus each splice cassette corresponds to a row on the OSP Bay with 12 connectors (LC-APC). The micro-cables are routed into the Connector Bay, where they fan out into the back of the mid-couplers in blocks 4, 5 and 6. This makes all OSP fibres available to be connected. Cross-connection between OSP mid-couplers and ISP mid-couplers may now be affected with the use a single, 6m, duplex Tracerlight patch lead.

3.9.7 VTS ODF Compartment / Sectional views

The Commscope/TE ADC Krone Fame ODFs consist of different sections. Below is a schematic lay-out of cable feeds into a unit. The Medium and Large FAME ODF cabinets are comprised of different sections:

Fig. 74 - Large VTS ODF with ISP Connector Bay, Slack Bay, OSP Connector Bay and Splice Bay


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Fig. 75 – Large VTS ODF block positions

Fig. 76 – Patch lead routing into connector block

Cable shall be fed in from above and below:

Cables fed in from below is over the flooring which shall be cut out as a result

Fig. 77 -Floor tile removed to display cable entry into the unit

Cables fed in from above shall be from the Raceway (see 4.11 Raceway System)

Cables entering the cabinet shall be fixed into position with Velcro and cable ties (neatly snipped with no sharp edges)


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All Cables by-passing the Patch Cord Shelf shall follow the floor cable duct directly to the Patch Panel Housing unit

Fig. 78 – Routing the micro-cables from Splice Bay to Connector Bay

Fig. 79 – Patch Lead routing onto the ODF

Cables are fed in from above

The cabinet’s cable framework is designed to lead the cables into the appropriate planned sections

Under no circumstances shall the cables cross each other in the cable slack section

Once Shelf is fitted, open the Splice and Patching module (swing outward)

Undo the two screws on the top of the cover and remove the lid

Install Cables and Fibre in accordance with 4.8.4 of this document

See Manufacturer’s Manuals for additional information

Installation of cables onto switches may be found in the Architecture Document (which will include all switching and monitoring equipment, such as ADVA)

For additional information concerning the FAME Cabinet, please refer to the Manufacturer’s document in Appendix A.


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Fig. 80 – Fibre Route

3.9.8 Mini & Micro-duct routes

All OSP fibre cables enter Switching facilities by means of mini and micro-ducts

Mini and Micro-ducts are to be secured to steel wire- grids with Velcro straps (Basket Tray) in Switching Facilities

Fig.81 Cable wire-grid

Mini fibre cables shall be tied with Velcro straps when routed in the steel wire- grid.

3.9.9

Fig. 82 – Cable entry into the VTS ODFs


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3.9.10 Rack-Mounted VTS ODF by TE/Commscope

In all new small Switching Centres (Category 3 and 4) City Telecoms installs the rack-mounted version of the VTS ODF. It has a single VTS block with 320 connectors, mounted in the front of a standard 19” rack, along with a slack management unit. Back-to-back in the same rack, a splicing unit is mounted. As with all other VTS products the OSP cable is spliced onto a 12-fibre micro-cable in the splice cassette, the other end of which end in a LC-APC connector at the back of the connection block.

Fig. 83 – The Rack-mounted VTS ODF showing the connector block and slack management

OSP cables are fed in from below the Rack mounted ODF housing

Fig. 84 – Routing the cable in through the floor of a containerised switching centre

Fig. 85 – The splice unit on the ODF, showing the routing of cables


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Fig. 86 – Detail of cable and tube routing

All cables shall be routed to the Splice bay along the side panel and bound in Velcro

Once the cables have reached the distribution management panel, strip the sleeve and guide the tubes as indicated

below to the Splice bays

Cassettes will be used from the bottom up with 12 splices allowed in each cassette

Fig. 87 – The splice cassettes: 30 cassettes of 12 splices each

From the cassettes, fibre tubes will be routed to the rear of the block

3.9.11 Rack-Mounted ODF Combi-Module ODF by R&M

In some of the Category 3 and 4 switching centres the City has deployed a smaller rack-mounted ODF manufactured by R&M. It is used in two versions: a single-deployment version with one connector block and a double-deployment version with two connector blocks. Both versions have a slack management unit to the side and a single splicing block at the bottom. Both versions are meant for installation in standard 19” racks (Fig. 88).


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Fig. 88 - R&M Double ODF

Fig. 89 - R&M ODF slack module detail

Fig. 90 – ODF measurements

3.10 Installing cables into an ODF Some general rules are applicable when installing OSP cables into an ODF:

1. OSP Fibre cables are fed in from below into the ODF Splice Bay. From the cable 12F tubes are individually fed into the transportation tubes. The transportation tubes lead to the Splice Bay where each 12F Tube is assigned to a Cassette.

2. Fibres are separated within the cassettes and individually spliced to pigtails. 3. Optical fibre cables can enter the ODF from either the top or the bottom 4. Ensure that ALL fibre connectors, cables and adapters are cleaned prior to any installation


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5. Ensure that there is at least 3 metres of cable spare for installation, termination and storage purposes 6. Make a butt-mark 2 metres from the end of the cable 7. Remove the cable jacket to the butt-mark and remove all tape and straps 8. Snip the Strength Member 40mm and mark the exposed fibre tubes 100mm from the cable butt

Fig. 91 – Stripping back the tubes and strength member

9. Remove the protective sheath from the tubes cable to expose the fibres 10. Secure the cable sheath to the ODF cable anchor with two cable ties (with the large ends of the cable ties facing away

from the anchor) 11. Secure Strength member to the cable anchor 12. Thread the loose fibres into 3mm Bend Limiting Transportation Tubes 13. Secure Transportation tubes with two cable ties 14. Secure Anchor to the ODF Cable Plate

Fig.92 – Tie transportation tubes securely

Fig. 93 – Transition clip used on the VTS ODFs to go from transportation tube to cassette

15. Route and secure the transportation tubes (to the splice cassettes) along the ODF walls using Velcro 16. Separate the planned tubes to the selected position 17. Strip loose tubes and connect each to the Fan-Out connector (pigtails – see Fig. 94)

Fig. 94 – Transition clip positioned in cassette in VTS

Fig. 95 Fan-Out connector inside conmnector block on VTS

18. Each loose fibre cable is routed to the ODF’s slack routing trays and splicing cassettes 19. 12 Splices are allowed per cassette 20. The placement of fibre cable tubes shall follow the number and colour sequence indicated in 3.2 of this document 21. Follow 4.2 Fusion Splicing of this document 22. Do not cut off unused fibre tubes. Unused fibre shall be placed within the trays for future splicing 23. Once installation has been completed, close and lock the block


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24. Label in accordance with 6. Labelling

Fig. 96 – Splice cassettes and cable routing in the VTS

3.11 OPTICAL FIBRE PATCH PANEL The patch panel provides mounting locations for terminations and splices, and provides a secure connection space for connecting customer patch leads to the network.

1. All connectors will be LC-APC 2. The splice trays shall be labelled in the tray and on the front 3. The cable and fibre entrance of the single circuit and single element trays will have a cable strain relief 4. No motion of loose tubes is allowed during operation and repair after installation 5. No motion of any other fibres is allowed during operation and repair with single circuit variant 6. No patch panel shall be installed below air conditioners or sewer / irrigation /water pipes and ducts. The positioning,

placement and installation of any fibre device, equipment or apparatus shall be kept away from any water source or possible moisture leakages.

3.11.1 Rack-Mounted Patch Panels

Fig. 97 – The Prysmian SRS3000 patch panel

7. Open the Splice and Patching module (swing outward)

Fig. 98 – Swinging open the panel to access the saplcing cassettes

8. Feed the access cable into the rack 9. The preassembled Anchor (see 4.9) is to be locked into the module fitting

Fig. 99 – Attaching the OSP cable with cable ties

10. Route the fibres through the tubes within the module 11. Ensure sufficient spare fibre cables within the pigtail storage area


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12. Splice the appropriate fibres within the splice protector bay (see 4.2. Fusion Splicing and 3.4 Colour Codes)

Fig. 100 – Splicing the pigtails to the OSP fibre

13. Once complete, replace the protective cover and swing the module back into position 14. See Appendix A for the Manufacturer’s Installation Guide

3.11.2 Wall Mounted Patch Panels

1. The panel shall provide mounting locations for fibre termination and splices 2. The panel shall provide a secure connection space for connecting Client patch leads to the Network 3. Tubes inserted into the Wall mounted patch panel shall be cleaved (jacket removed) 50mm into the panel 4. All micro ducts and cables entering the panel shall be secured with cable ties (or use Velcro straps) 5. Cables to be connected to cassettes shall be installed employing a figure 8 positioning to aid with entry 6. Pig tails fitted on the red rack splice tray shall be positioned starting from the right (see Fig. 103) 7. Once fitted, jackets to be cleaved from fibre

Fig.101 – The Tank wall-mounted patch panel

8. Customer shall have access to the right-hand-side door 9. OSP cables shall be routed to the Wall Mounted Patch Panel 10. Fibre(s) shall be diverted to the unit interior patch wall via the splice trays 11. Patch Panels are to be installed in building basements or lower ground floors unless otherwise instructed by the Building

owner 12. No Patch Panel shall be mounted near or below existing water pipelines, plumbing, sewer pipes, liquid drainage systems, air

conditioners, etc. 13. After installation or service maintenance, the Patch Panel door(s) must be locked to avoid any access to equipment and

connections within 14. Customers may not have access to the internal mechanics of Fibre devices (such as the Right Access Wall mounted Patch

Panel) 15. All connectors must be LC-APC


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Fig.102 Patch Numbering layout

Fig. 103 – The splice cassettes showing fibre routing

Wall Mounted Patch Panels may have 6 cassettes, however, only 4 is needed

3.11.3 Entry into the building

The Access cable is either a mini cable or a micro cable. Before entry into the building, all OSP cables shall be HDPE - High-density polyethene ranging from 0.93 to 0.97 g/cm3 or 970 kg/m3. The mini cable will utilise a mini tube whereas a micro cable will use a micro tube. Allow for 500mm of cable slack where required. However, essentially – there are two ways of entering a building: Below ground and above ground. Below ground will require trenching underneath the pavement or near building surface and when reaching the boundary, core-drilling through the wall. The cable will thus have a simple and direct path from the manhole, through the wall and into the building (example, the basement). If a mini cable (10/12T or 10/14T) is used, transitioning the cable will be done via the York box.

Fig. 104Bosal Piping

Should access into the building not be available through the building wall (example, there is no basement or the area where the core drill placement is done is not on the same level) an Entry (Transition) box is employed. Alternatively, and when possible – if a bosal pipe is used, the 2 Way may be directed with a 90° bending of the bosal. MDPE cables (2 Way for example) from the OSP to the Patch panel (directly connected) must be supported, preferably secured to a basket tray (fixed to wall or ceiling). If securing with a basket tray is not possible, a 32mm PVC duct (in the ceiling for example) or EGA trunking (fixed to the wall) may be used.


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Fig. 105 EGA trunking

The Transition box provides a lead-in tube through the wall and offers bend radius protection for 5/8 Micro cables and 10/14 mini cables. The Entry box is used for 2 Way ducts only (the York box is used for larger cables). Should the cable be unprotected before entrance into the Entry box, a bosal pipe must be used to safeguard the cable. Inside the building, all ISP fibre cables shall be MDPE (Medium- density polyethene) defined by a density range of 0.926–0.940 g/cm3.

Fig.106 Transition Boxes

Fig. 107 Building entry

Fig. 108 Basket tray

3.11.4 Single tenant buildings

Single Tenant buildings can be defined as: The building has one owner and/or tenant

3.11.4.1 Multi-tenant Buildings

Multi-tenant Buildings can be defined as:


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1. The building has two or more tenants occupied within it 2. The building (regardless of the number of tenants) has fixed equipment built onto the structure Fibre Equipment such as Patch Panels will be installed where the Building Owner (not the tenant) requests it to be placed.

Fig. 109 Basement Fibre lay-out.

3.11.5 Splicing onto ODFs and Patch Panels

All core- and local layer fibre cables in the City network will be terminated on an ODF in one of the City’s switching facilities. Each ODF will have a dedicated splicing bay where the fibres from the OSP cables are spliced onto multi-fibre mini-cables. These mini-cables will be pre-configured and pre-installed in the ODF cross-connect section. Customer premises patch panels will also be supplied to the installer with pre-installed fibre pigtails. In the case of both CST cables and blown fibre micro-cables, each cable will have to be spliced onto the fibre pigtails in the patch panel. The splices are then installed into a cassette, which is fixed into the patch panel.

ISP to Patch Panel is connected with a duplex patch cable from the back of the port (mid-coupler) to the row inside the ODF (see fig. 110 below).

Fig. 110

The rack number will correspond with the ODF row – for example, Rack 13 will link to Row 13 of the ODF

The Large ODF offers 24 connectors (12+12 on both sides) all dedicated to a specific row. For example, this will allow Rack 13 24 positions on Row 13 on the ODF

Fig. 111

In the illustration above, Rack 14 is a two compartment rack (14A and 14B). ON the ODF, Block 1 Row 14 and Block 4 Row 14 will correspond to the numbering required on the rack


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Fig. 112

The above illustration reflects a quad rack (15) linked to Row 15 on the ODF. In the event of a Switching centre having less racks, for example Keller House which has 50, only a certain number of rows will be assigned. In the Keller House scenario, should the 15 Rack require more fibre pairs, another row dedicated to Rack 15 may be used. In this aces, Row 51 will be used (Row 50 corresponds to Rack 50). The first available unassigned row (top) will always be used in the same way as Row 15. Should Rack 15A use all six ports on Row 51A, Row 52A must be used.

3.11.6 Cabling to elevated building levels

When installing into Server Rooms on elevated buildings, hanging cables from high levels may cause unwanted stress and damage to fibre. To relieve weight, Micro-duct cables will be fitted with Gas Blockers (see Fig. 113 below) at every floor interval (±3 metres).

Fig. 113 - Gas Blockers The Gas Blocker connector, which is used in a similar way as a straight connector when joining micro-ducts, has a compressible rubber gasket which is sealed to the cable once it is installed. The cables will be blown into tubes from the top level downward.

3.12 Raceway System

Switching facilities are the termination (and origination) points for fibre cables. As there are several fibres and ducts amassing to these points, the structural layout is designed in such a way to protect the fibre cables. To do this, fibres are fixed to and routed along secure overhead supporting brackets, gutters and kits. The fibre is channelled between fibre distribution frames and cabinets containing fibre optic terminal devices.

There are a various amount of cables and micro-fibre assemblies. As these cables are not hardened, they will be routed separately from OSP cables and ducts directed along the raceway trays.

The Fibre Raceway System is designed in such a way as not to exceed the cable bend radius and will allow for a neat and accessible guide path installation.

Fig. 114 – The Fibre Raceway system

Any open ends on the Raceway System shall be closed off with an end cap

Fibre patch cords shall be easily accessible within the raceway system

The fibre optic cable routing systems must include covers where appropriate


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Warning labels must be provided to assure that fibre routes are easily recognised

The overhead fibre routing system must be durable and self-supporting

The overhead fibre routing system must have an efficient transition from the overhead system into fibre frames which safely protect fibres

Fig. 115 – The Raceway inside a switching centre

3.13 Planning

3.13.1 Site and Work Preparation

Information pertaining to the approved plan needs to be available before the commencement of any work

The following details shall be provided o Location of the installation o Location of the buried ducts / fibre o Cable type and length o Manhole / ODF code / number

Entry / Access permissions required for locations such as Switching facilities shall be made prior to the installation appointed time

All tools and equipment required for the installation shall be checked for service ability before use

Items such as Traffic Warning signs, barricades and first aid medical kits shall be available and accessible to satisfy safety requirements.

3.14 SFP Connectors The small form-factor pluggable (SFP) is a compact, hot-pluggable transceiver used for both telecommunication and data communications applications. The manufacturer informs of the centre thickness (in this case 1550), what the received levels are (-23dBm to -20dBm). There is a 50% power difference or variance between -23 and -20 and because of this, without testing – one cannot determine the exact quality of the receiver is. When determining the Power Budget (The power budget refers to the amount of loss that a datalink (transmitter to receiver) can tolerate in order to operate properly. Sometimes the power budget has both a minimum and maximum value, which means it needs at least a minimum value of loss so that it does not overload the receiver and a maximum value of loss to ensure the receiver has sufficient signal to operate properly), it is preferable to calculate the worst case scenario: -20dB on receiver level and -2 transport level= power budget (when testing the port that one would install on the router and test it with an OTDR, there should be a 2dB margin between the loss and the power budget. However, because the transceiver doesn’t have a wavelength lock-and-loop (cooled layer, i.e.: wavelength stabilised) it varies in a wide range (silicon). This makes matching two together challenging:


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Fig. 116

The only way to resolve this difficulty is to match receivers before installing.

3.15 Fibre Tests ODF to ODF

3.15.1 Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer

Fig. 117 - The EXFO FTB-200 OTDR

An Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) is an opto-electronic (the study and application of electronic devices that source, detect and control light) device used to verify the performance of new fibre optic links and identify problems with existing fibre links (analysing light loss). An OTDR is the optical equivalent of an electronic time domain reflectometer. It injects a series of optical pulses into the fibre under test and extracts, from the same end of the fibre, light that is scattered (Rayleigh backscatter) or reflected back from points along the fibre. The scattered or reflected light that is gathered back is used to characterise the fibre. This is similar to the way that an electronic time-domain metre measures reflections caused by alterations in the electronic circuit resistance (impedance) of a cable under test. The strength of the return pulses is measured and integrated as a function of time and plotted as a function of fibre length. The advantage of using an OTDR is the single ended test: requiring only one operator and instrument to test and qualify the link or find an error in a network.


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Fig. 118 – Basic operation of the OTDR As explained, the OTDR offers a view of the link by analysing the level of light that returns from the pulse sent. The diagram above is an example of how an OTDR works. Information pertaining to the EXFO FTB-200 may be found in the Manufacturer spec sheet.

3.16 Fibre Tracer Light The Fibre Tracer Light is a low power visible light fibre optic tracing and troubleshooting tool. It injects light into the fibre which allows visual tracing of fibres, finding splices and performing continuity checks.

Fig. 119. Tracerlight patch leads

4. HANDOVERS A Handover occurs once the contractor or installer has completed the installation or work, including the testing thereof: all fibre cables and links have been tested from termination point to termination point (from OSP to Patch Panel / ODF).

4.1 Test Equipment The test instruments used for testing fibre cables and links must be an Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) as well as the Fibre Tracer Light.

4.2 Attenuation Tests Attenuation tests shall be implemented from end to end of every fibre after has be hauled, blown and spliced. At handover, the average attenuation shall not be greater that 0.22dB/km.

4.3 Handover Documentation The documentation and information required at handover are:

Results of the OTDR tests

As-built documentation The documentation shall be submitted to the Fibre implementer after the completion of the work.

5. LABELLING GUIDE All labels shall be U.V. and chemical resistant. 2 Characters - Switching Centre / Core Site / ODF 3 Characters - CoCT Building (not a SC or ODF) 4 Characters - Any building not CoCT Owned 5 Characters - Any other item Cameras - Cameras, e.g.: CAM12345


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Typically, the labelling guide should follow:

Site A – Site B / Cable Number / Fibre count (size) / Tier Tier:

Core The Core cable runs between two switching centres. When City Telecoms initially constructed the Network, it consisted of five switching centres. Core cables do not have FDPs mounted on them and are left untouched, running core data between switching centres. As the Network expanded, the design adapted to Local cables instead of Core lines. WDM Network was implemented, so no longer need for Core.

Local Local cables, like core cables, run between switching centres. However, unlike the core line, Local cables have FDPs installed on it. The white cable on the Local cable remains untouched.

+CON +CON cables (Cross Connect) are cables running between a switching centre and a third party

IRT Integrated Rapid Transport system paid for the cable, however

SSU SSU installed cables (Surveillance and Security Unit), shared with the City of Cape Town

Access Any other cable not mentioned above.

Fig. 120 – Cable labeling

5.1.1 Domes

Cables within Manhole Domes shall follow the basic labelling guide below: Thus, the label will display: KH-GH/1/72/SSU Similarly, dome to dome, the label shall comply as follows:

Fig.121 Domes with Link Cable

From an FDP to a client, the label shall display the Manhole Number-Client/Cable Number/Core Size/Type – e.g.: KH402-DJKR/1/12/Access. Fig. 121 indicates the label suffix as Link (due to limited characters in the name field in Smallworld – LNK shall be used). Existing labels between domes display Access. Henceforth, all Core to Access connections will be labelled Link. Should alterations be made (maintenance or dome replacement for example), ensure that Smallworld is updated accordingly.

As Keller House is the central point of the Fibre Network, the location closest to it (direct aerial transit or shortest map path) shall be deemed Site A and Site B the one furthest from it. The exceptions to this rule are:

o labelling an FDP (manhole) to the building (site) rather than from building to FDP o in the event of a manhole to a Switching centre, the Switching centre’s name will appear first

A 72 core fibre cable will connect the East and West ODF: Exception: Between East and West ODF – e.g. HLw-HLe/1/72/Core An access fibre ring can be installed where the fibre cable starts and ends at the same switching centre. The cable leaving the East ODF will be the a-side and the cable entering the West ODF will be the B-side


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Access ring beginning and ending in the same switching centre, e.g. AF-AF/1/72/Access, the fibre will run from the East to the West ODF. The West (Towards KH) side will always be the red side and east side will be the green side

5.1.2 Switching Facilities

ODF Labels: 6mm rubber tape with medium font

All labels to be installed below the ODF and underneath the floor tiles

All labels will display Origin - Current Point / Cable Number / Cable Size / Type

6. INSTALLATION CHECKLIST This document is to be completed and signed by the Contractor / Installer once installation of the fibre optic cable is completed and fully tested. It is to be and handed to the appointed Fibre Implementation Officer of the City of Cape Town Telecoms Department.

POW DESCRIPTION - Parent Ticket Number: .....................................................

Length of OSP Route

Number Of Tubes

Dome / ODF / PP Number

Manhole Number

Make & Model of the Fusion Splicer used Serial:

Make & Model of OTDR used Serial:

POW DESCRIPTION - Parent Ticket Number: ..................................................

Drum Manufacturer

Drum Number

Number Of fibres

Make & Model of Equipment used

7. HEALTH AND SAFETY Light source used in Optic Fibres is invisible and can seriously damage the retina of the eye. Do not look into the ends of

lit optic fibre, optical adapters, etc.

Fibre must be handled very carefully as shards of broken fibre can be very sharp and must at all times be kept away

from eyes. Fibre shards and remains must be collected and disposed of carefully. Installers must be aware of the

dangers of handling and installing fibre.

During work in areas and buildings that employ high power systems, all parties must exercise extreme caution and

familiarise themselves with the safety procedures and protocols necessary.

In powered structures, considering the serious damage that fires can cause and the importance of fire prevention, all

parties will adhere to all local safety regulations and be attentive to their surroundings at all times.

Description Y N

Description Y N

1. Are the cables clear of obstruction? 6. Are the cables correctly been labelled?

2. Is the slack sufficient (±2 metres in ODF) and neatly inserted?

7. Are the Splices correctly sequenced in holders?

3. Are the Red and Green identifiers in place? 8. Have the cables been tested (See 3.8)?

4. Has the Fibre colour code and numbering been adhered to?

9. Are cables and equipment installed according to the plan?

5. Has the Bend Radius been compromised? 10. Were all works performed approved by the Fibre Implementer / Planner?


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Every contractor will compile a risk assessment for their scope of works and have this readily available upon request.

The contractor will ensure that their staff are made familiar with the information contained in the risk assessment and

have proof of this communication available.

Every contractor, sub-contractor or any other service provider will adhere to all applicable provisions and regulations of

The Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993, (Act No. 85 of 1993) at all times. Failing to do so will result in work being

suspended until all requirements have been met.

A list of all relevant emergency contact numbers will be available on site for the duration of the scope of work and be

visible at all times.

All staff on site will wear the appropriate and correct PPE for the duration of the scope of work. These may include

safety boots, reflective vest, safety gloves, hard hats, safety glasses and hearing protection. Any other task-specific PPE

shall be worn as required.

Every contractor, sub-contractor or any other service provider will ensure that proper barricading, signage and lights

are erected as is deemed necessary or as per the requirements of The Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993, (Act

No. 85 of 1993) or as per the instruction of the Client.

8. DEFINITIONS µ Micro

µm The measurement of the diameter of the fibre is in microns (millionths of a metre - also called micro-metres). The micrometres unit number 1.00 µm converts to 1 µ - one micron. It is the equal length value of 1 micron but in the micrometres length unit alternative. 1 micron µ = 1.00 micrometres µm

λ wavelength = 1.55nm

1u A U (or RU- Rack Unit) is a unit of measurement which describes the height of equipment designed to mount within a rack Absorption The assimilation of light and its transition to heat by molecules in the glass/silicone. Primary absorbers include residual deposits of chemicals used in the manufacturing process to modify the characteristics of the glass. This absorption occurs at definite wavelengths. (Remember, the wavelength of light signifies its colour and place in the electromagnetic spectrum.) It's determined by the elements in the glass and is most pronounced at wavelengths around 1000 nanometres (nm), 1400 nm, and above 1600 nm Amplifier An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal Bandwidth This is the range of signal frequencies or bit rate at which a fibre system can operate. It's a measure of the amount of signal able to be put through a fibre. Higher bandwidth means more data per second; lower bandwidth means fewer signals Chromatic Refers to colour. Modal refers to the light's path. Thus, we can state in simple terms that chromatic dispersion is signal distortion due to colour, while modal dispersion is signal distortion due to path Chromatic dispersion Chromatic dispersion is the spreading of a light pulse in an optical fibre caused by the different group speeds of the different wavelengths composing the source spectrum Dispersion In both of these terms, "dispersion" refers to the spreading of light pulses until they overlap. This distorts and causes the loss of the data signal. Dispersion is not a loss of light; it's a distortion of the signal. Thus, dispersion and attenuation are two very different and unrelated problems: Attenuation is a loss of light; dispersion is a distortion of the light signals DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing - an optical technology used to increase bandwidth over existing fibre optic structure. DWDM works by combining and transmitting multiple signals simultaneously at different wavelengths on the same fibre. In effect, one fibre is transformed into multiple virtual fibres. Currently, because of DWDM, single fibres have been able to transmit data at speeds up to 400Gb/s


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Liquid damage Moisture may saturate into optical fibre cables through diffusion. The tensile strength of fibres in the presence of water or moisture is reduced and the time to static fatigue failure is also reduced Optical Distribution Frames (ODF) An optical passive node found in Switching Facilities and generally contains racks, splicing cassettes and/or frames. It is where fibre on the Raceway system is guided to Optical connectors Fibre optic connectors provide a method for joining the ends of two optical fibres. Such a joint is not a permanent one Optical receivers Optical receivers convert the optical signal back into electrical form and recover the data transmitted through the optical system Patch-lead Ruggedized fibre with connectors at both ends Pigtail Tight buffered fibre with a connector at one end Residual fibre strain Residual fibre strain may be caused by tension, twisting and bending occurring in connection with cable manufacture, installation and operational environment. Residual fibre strain may shorten the lifetime of the fibre due to increased glass crack growth Scattering -is the principal cause of attenuation. It occurs when light collides with individual atoms in the glass, which redirects it off its original route. Fibre-optic systems transmit in the "windows" created between the absorption bands at 850 nm, 1300 nm, and 1550 nm wavelengths, for which lasers and detectors can be easily made Splicing The joining (connecting) of two optical fibres Strength Member The material situated at the centre of the 72F cable which is surrounded by fibre cables dBm dBm = wattage level 0dBm = 1mw

-3dBm = ½mw (half power)

9. REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION All documentation stipulated hereunder form part of this specification. Read through: Electronic communications Act, No. 36 of 2005 36129 ICASA Doc 1 Act No. 1 of 2014: Electronic Communications Amendment Act, 2013 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACT Independent Communications Authority of South Africa Act No, 13 of 2000 ITU-T 6.55 Telecommunication Standardisation of ITU


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10. APPENDIX A: FIBRE CABLE MATERIALS SPECIFICATION

10.1 OPTIC FIBRE CABLES (BLOWN FIBRE)

General Unless otherwise noted, the characteristics of standard single-mode optical fibres are to be in compliance with those presented in the ITU-T Recommendation G.655D. The fibres shall be manufactured from high grade silica, doped as necessary to achieve the required light guiding properties, and designed with a matched-cladding, step-index profile.

The fibre coating shall be a dual layer structure of ultra-violet cured acrylate resin. The lower modulus inner layer being optimised for both adhesion to the fibre surface and mechanical stripping, using the appropriate stripping tools. The outer layer shall be optimised for abrasion resistance and fibre processing properties.

Optical Requirements

Colour code The fibre colour code in blown fibre units shall be according to the table below:

Fibre # 4-Fibre 8-Fibre 12-Fibre 24-Fibre

1 Red Red Red Red

2 Green Green Green Green

3 Blue Blue Blue Blue

4 Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow

5 White White White

6 Grey Grey Grey

7 Brown Brown Brown

8 Violet Violet Violet

9 Turquoise Turquoise

10 Black Black

11 Orange Orange

12 Pink Pink

13 Red/ Black ring

14 Green/ Black ring

15 Blue/ Black ring

16 Yellow/ Black ring

17 White/ Black ring

18 Grey/ Black ring

19 Brown/ Black ring

20 Violet/ Black ring

21 Turquoise/ Black ring

22 Black/ White ring

23 Orange/ Black ring

24 Pink/ Black ring


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Attenuation Requirements

Wavelength Cable Attenuation (max) Units

1550nm 0.22 dB/km

Cable drum tests

Each cable drum must be tested before delivery.

An approved Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, with the stipulated software, must be used for the testing and measuring of the fibres. Records of all the results must be kept for reference purposes.

To test the attenuation/chromatic dispersion of the cabled fibre, all the fibres on a drum must be spliced together in a tandem fashion, i.e. fibre number 1 to 2, 2 to 3, etc.

A splice loss of <0.15 dB for 70% of the splices must be achieved. This must be achieved within 3 splice attempts (resplicing the same 2 fibres).

The splice loss measured after 3 attempts will be logged and considered as the loss of the specific splice.

Any single splice must not exceed a loss of 0.2 dB, when tested at 1550 nm from both directions.

Each fibre must be tested for attenuation (1310 and 1550 nm), chromatic dispersion (1550 nm) and refractive index.

Each unspliced fibre strand must have an overall attenuation of less than or equal to 0.22 dB/km, and the attenuation on the entire (spliced) cable must not exceed 0.25 dB/km (measured at 1550 nm)

The cable must be delivered together with a test certificate in which the optical characteristics of each fibre in the cable must be presented. For each unique drum number, the following must be recorded for each fibre; refractive index, actual length of fibre, attenuation/km and chromatic dispersion in both the 1310 nm and 1550 nm windows.

The test results and other relevant information must be attached to each drum.

The OTDR test results must be submitted to the Telecommunications Branch of the City of Cape Town (in digital format).

The City of Cape Town reserves the right to get an authorised representative to carry out or witness individual type tests if the need arises.

Immediately after completion of optical tests the ends of the cable must be sealed by a method approved by the City of Cape Town.

The cable end must be secured inside the cable drum to prevent it from moving during transportation.

The City of Cape Town reserves the right to inspect the cable and drums at the manufacturer's premises before delivery and again after delivery at the addressed site.

The City of Cape Town reserves the right to refuse accepting a cable if any one of the fibres in the cable does not meet the minimum specifications as laid out in this document

Information to be furnished by Supplier

OTDR test results

Nominal cable length per cable drum

Cable diameter

Maximum variation of cable diameter

Installation tension under normal and worst case conditions

Minimum installation bending radius

Cable mass per unit length

Maximum cable strain for zero fibre strain

Ultimate tensile strength of the cable

Drawing or sketch indicating cable make up

Mechanical properties of the cable

The type of cable and number of fibres

The length of the cable in meters

The gross mass of the cable and drum in kilograms.

The inside end of the cable must be at least 3 m long and must be accessible and capable of being withdrawn from the drum for inspection and testing purposes.

The inside cable length marking must be in reverse order and printed every meter so that the remaining length of the cable on the drum is displayed at the cable end

10.2 Blown Fibre Micro-Cables (G.655D: 2.5-3.5mm)

General Blown fibre units are units of 4, 8 or 12 optical single mode fibres optimized for blowing into primary 5/8 mm (inside/outside diameter) micro-ducts integrated in multi-tube assemblies.


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Blown fibre units shall meet the requirements of G.655D and all tests shall be performed in accordance with IEC 60793-1, IEC 60794-1, IEC 60068, BS EN 60068 and British Telecom specification CW1500.

Typical blowing distance of blown fibre units into standard 5/8 mm primary micro-duct shall be 500 m.

The cable shall consist of an inner loose-tube with water-blocking gel containing the fibres, a Kevlar layer for pulling strength and an outer HDPE sheath (coloured yellow) proving protection and stiffness.

Figure 122: Cross-section of the micro-cable (12f)

Figure 123: Cross-section of the micro-cable (24f)

Outer blown fibre unit diameter The nominal outer diameter of blown fibre units shall not exceed 2.4mm.

Cable length requirements The cable lengths must be delivered in excess of or equal to 4 010 meters, unless otherwise specified. The excess of 10 meters shall be used for cutback and testing and shall not be considered as part of the drummed cable length. Shorter cable lengths will only be accepted with the concession of the City of Cape Town.

Tensile performance

The test shall be carried out generally in accordance to IEC 60794-1-2. At a load of 1W the maximum fibre strain shall be 0.4% and after the removal of the load the residual fibre strain shall be no more than 0.05%. The mechanical strain from the tensometer may be taken as the maximum fibre strain reading.

Crush

The test shall be carried out according to IEC 60794-1-2, method E3. Total force applied shall be 100N. The duration of application of the force shall be 60 seconds. The test shall be performed three times at three different places 500mm apart, without rotating the unit. There shall be no change in attenuation (within an accuracy of 0.05dB) after the removal of the load.

Bend

The test shall be carried out according to IEC 60794-1-2, method E11, procedure 1. The test mandrel diameter shall be 40mm (2, 4, 6f) or 60mm (8, 12f). The number of cycles shall be 3 and the number of turns shall be 3. There shall be no change in attenuation (within an accuracy of 0.05dB) after the test.

Aged bend

The test shall be carried out according to BT CW 1500 pt 4. The test mandrel diameter shall be 40mm (2, 4, 6f) or 60mm (8, 12f). The test temperature shall be 60ºC and test duration 1000 hours.

HDPE Sheath

Kevlar Layer

Loose-Tube containing fibres


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Temperature performance

The test shall be carried out according to IEC 60794-1-2, method F1. The low temperature TA shall be –30°C and the high temperature TB shall be +60°C. The sample shall be subjected to three cycles. During the test the fibre attenuation shall not vary by more than 0.07dB/km.

Cold test

The test shall be carried out according to BS EN 60068-2-1 and temperature shall be -20ºC. The test shall continue for 96 hours. During the test the fibre attenuation shall not vary by more than 0.07dB/km.

Condensation test

The test shall be carried out according to IEC 60068-2-38. The test conditions shall be -10 ºC to 65ºC temperature for 93% relative humidity with 10 cycles. During the test the fibre attenuation shall not vary by more than 0.07dB/km.

Water immersion

The test shall be carried out according to BT CW1500 pt 4 and temperature shall be 20ºC. The test shall continue for 2000 hours. During the test the fibre attenuation shall not vary by more than 0.07dB/km.

Fibre breakout from unit

The test shall be carried out according to BT CW1500 pt 4 at temperatures of 0ºC, 20ºC, 40ºC. The break-out time shall be ≤2min (2f), ≤3min (4f), ≤4min (6f), ≤5min (8f) and ≤8min (12f).

10.3 Blown Fibre Mini-Cables (G.655D: 6-6.5mm)

General Blown fibre units are units of 12, 24, 48, 72 or 96 optical single mode fibres optimized for blowing into primary 9.8/12 mm (inside/outside diameter) mini-ducts integrated in multi-tube assemblies. Cable sizes of 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96-strands MUST be supplied with G.655D fibre. Blown fibre strands shall meet the requirements of ITU G.655D and all tests shall be performed in accordance with IEC 60793-1, IEC 60794-1, IEC 60068, BS EN 60068 and British Telecom specification CW1500.

Typical blowing distance of blown fibre units into standard 9.8/12 mm primary mini-duct shall be 500 m.

Cable fibre count All cable sizes (12, 24, 48, 72, 96) shall have 12 fibre strands/ tube and shall have fibres with a 250 micron buffer.

Figure 124: Mini-cable cross-section (72F)


Tensile performance The test shall be carried out generally in accordance to IEC 60794-1-2.

Test Requirements

Short Term (installation) -Load of 300 N

Long Term (operating) - Load of 175 N


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Acceptance criteria

Short Term - No changes in attenuation before versus after load. Max. fibre strain 0.33%

Long Term - No attenuation increase. No fibre strain.

Crush performance Test Requirements

The test shall be carried out according to IEC 60794-1-2, method E3. Total force (short-term) applied shall be 1000 N. The duration of application of the force shall be 60 seconds. The test shall be performed three times at three different places 500mm apart, without rotating the unit. There shall be no change in attenuation (within an accuracy of 0.05dB) after the removal of the load.

Acceptance criteria

No changes in attenuation before versus after load. No Mechanical damage – when examined visually without magnification, there shall be no evidence of damage to the sheath. The imprint of plates will not be considered as damage.

Bend performance The test shall be carried out according to IEC 60794-1-2, method E11, procedure 1.

Test Requirements

Short Term (installation) - Bend diameter of 250mm

Long Term (Handling fixed installed) - Bend diameter 180mm

Acceptance criteria

Short Term - No changes in attenuation before versus after Load

Long Term - No attenuation increase

Aged bend performance The test shall be carried out according to BT CW 1500 pt 4. The test mandrel diameter shall be 300 mm. The test temperature shall be 60ºC and test duration 1000 hours.

Environmental Requirements

Temperature performance The test shall be carried out according to IEC 60794-1-2, method F1. The low temperature TA shall be –30°C and the high temperature TB shall be +60°C. The sample shall be subjected to three cycles. During the test the fibre attenuation shall not vary by more than 0.07dB/km.

Cold test The test shall be carried out according to BS EN 60068-2-1 and temperature shall be -20ºC. The test shall continue for 96 hours. During the test the fibre attenuation shall not vary by more than 0.07dB/km.

Condensation test The test shall be carried out according to IEC 60068-2-38. The test conditions shall be -10 ºC to 65ºC temperature for 93% relative humidity with 10 cycles. During the test the fibre attenuation shall not vary by more than 0.07dB/km.

Water immersion The test shall be carried out according to BT CW1500 pt 4 and temperature shall be 20ºC. The test shall continue for 2000 hours. During the test the fibre attenuation shall not vary by more than 0.07dB/km.

10.4 Blown Fibre Mini-Cables (G.657A2: 8-8.4mm)

General Blown fibre units are units of 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144, 216, 240 or 288 optical single mode fibres optimized for blowing into primary 9.8/12 mm (inside/outside diameter) mini-ducts integrated in multi-tube assemblies. Cable sizes of 144, 240 and 288 strand must be supplied with G.657A2 fibre.

Blown fibre strands shall meet the requirements of G.657A2 and all tests shall be performed in accordance with IEC 60793-1, IEC 60794-1, IEC 60068, BS EN 60068 and British Telecom specification CW1500.

Typical blowing distance of blown fibre units into standard 9.8/12 mm primary mini-duct shall be 500 m.

Cable fibre count


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All cable sizes (216, 240 and 288) shall have 24 fibre strands/ tube (36 fibres per tube will not be accepted), and must have a 200 micron buffer.

Figure 125: Mini-cable cross-section (288F)


Mechanical requirements


Test Requirements



Acceptance criteria





Acceptance criteria



Test Requirements



Acceptance criteria




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10.5 Pre-terminated UV-protected cable

General A UV-protected cable for installation on a cable tray on a microwave mast. The cable must be supplied preterminated with LC-UPC connectors in a fanout arrangement on both ends. Each order from the City will specify the length of the cable. The cable must be available in three configurations:

1. 12 singlemode fibres in compliance with the G.657A2 specification 2. 12 multimode fibres in compliance with the OM3 specification 3. 6 singlemode fibres (G.657A2) and 6 multimode fibres (OM3)

All tests shall be performed in accordance with IEC 60793-1, IEC 60794-1, IEC 60068, BS EN 60068 and British Telecom specification CW1500.

Cable fibre count All cables shall have 12 fibre strands/ tube and shall have fibres with a 250 micron buffer.


Mechanical requirements


Test Requirements



Acceptance criteria





Acceptance criteria


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Test Requirements



Acceptance criteria








10.6 DUPLEX FIBRE PATCH LEADS (1.7mm)

This specification covers the minimum standards and requirements for patch leads supplied to the City of Cape Town, without connector identification.

The regular patch leads must be 1.7mm duplex cable, and must be available in both G.655 and G.652 fibre.

The patch must leads have the following connectors:

LC/SC/ST and APC/UPC

Figure 126: Cross-section of a 1.7mm duplex patch lead

Intended use The patch leads will be used indoors to connect fibre and equipment ports.

Long term performance requirements The patch leads shall be capable of withstanding the typical service conditions of South Africa for a period of many years without detriment to the operation and maintenance characteristics and must include 1 year of warranty.


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The patch leads shall be designed, manufactured and packaged so that the physical, and operation and maintenance characteristics shall not degrade when exposed to the environmental conditions of South Africa and the expected environmental conditions during storage and transportation outside and inside the country. The environmental conditions of South Africa may include ambient air temperature variations from – 40 to + 70.

Associated specification The following unattached international and /or national standards shall be applied, and deemed to be an integral part of this specification:

Connector properties

Single mode Connectors LC-APC

Insertion Loss (1310 and 1550nm) 0.2 dB max

Return Loss (1310 and 1550nm) 65 dB min

Fibre Recess 50 nm

Apex Offset 65 micron max

Polished End Face Radius 5-12 mm

End Face Angle 8º ±0.5

Other optical requirements

Packing The patch cords must be individually packed in a plastic bag with cardboard reinforcement, put into boxes and shipped on wood pallets.

Marking The packing will be marked with the product catalogue number and the sales order number.

The patch cords must have a test report with Insertion Loss and Return Loss measured against a reference connector.


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10.7 RUGGEDISED DUPLEX FIBRE PATCH LEADS

This specification covers the minimum standards and requirements for ruggedized patch leads supplied to the City of Cape Town, without connector identification.

The 3.8mm duplex patch leads must be available in both G.655 and G.652 fibre types.

The patch must leads have the following connectors:

LC/SC and APC/UPC

Figure 127: Cross-section of a ruggedized duplex cable

Intended use The patch leads will be used indoors to connect fibre and equipment ports, but in rough environments like in ceiling voids and under floors.





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Fibre Recess 50 nm




Other optical requirements

Packing The connector identification system patch cords must be individually packed in a plastic bag with cardboard reinforcement, put into boxes and shipped on wood pallets.


The connector identification system patch cords must have a test report with Insertion Loss and Return Loss measured against a reference connector.

10.8 DUPLEX CONNECTOR IDENTIFICATION FIBRE PATCH LEADS (1.7mm)

This specification covers the minimum standards and requirements for connector identification fibre patch leads supplied to the City of Cape Town.

The 1.7mm duplex patch leads must be available in both G.655 and G.652 fibre types.


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Intended use The connector identification system must offer a quick and accurate method of identifying the termination point of optical patch cords. Each end of a patch cord will feature a flashing light source allowing technicians to visually trace individual patch cords from one end to the other without disconnecting, pulling or affecting the patch cord.

Long term performance requirements The connector identification system supplied in compliance with this specification shall be capable of withstanding the typical service conditions of South Africa for a period of many years without detriment to the operation and maintenance characteristics and must include 1 year of warranty.

The connector identification system shall be designed, manufactured and packaged so that the physical, and operation and maintenance characteristics shall not degrade when exposed to the environmental conditions of South Africa and the expected environmental conditions during storage and transportation outside and inside the country. The environmental conditions of South Africa may include ambient air temperature variations from – 40 to + 70.






Fibre Recess 50 nm




Other optical requirements (G.655)



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Technical requirements The connector identification system optical patch cords must feature a flashing light source (LED) component near each connector end. The connector identification system power source is inserted with minimal force into the Connector Identification System component on one end of the patch cord. This causes the LED on each end to begin flashing rapidly. As a result, the distant end of the patch cord can be quickly and easily identified without interruption of service.

The patch cords must be available in any standard length or connector style. The connector identification system patch cords must have the same functions, features, and stringent environmental requirements as standard patch cords. Optical performance of the patch cords must not affected by the connector identification system components. The connector identification system patch cords are installed in the same manner as standard patch cords.

The connector identification system must dramatically minimize the risk of taking the wrong fibre out of service.

Design requirements

The connector identification system must improve system turn-up speed and accuracy

The connector identification system must meet all performance criteria of standard industry patch cords

The added identification components must not affect optical performance of the patch cord

The power source must produce a flashing LED on each end of the patch cord

Metal components must be corrosion resistant

The compact power source shall be comprised of a lightweight, plastic flashlight body featuring two AA batteries and a printed circuit board (PCB)

The compact power source must provide at least 80 hours of continuous service and feature a 1-hour auto-off.

The end of battery life must be indicated by a slowing of the blink rate

Optical fibre properties All patch cords will have a thickness of 1.7 mm and contain 2 fibre strands (duplex). The fibre will be specified in accordance with ITU recommendation G.655D and with the following specification:


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10.9 MTP/MPO Optical Patch Leads

This specification covers the minimum standards and requirements for MPO patch leads supplied to the City of Cape Town, without connector identification. The patch leads must contain either 12 or 24 fibre strands of G.655D fibre. Each patch lead will terminate in either a standard MTP connector (either 12- or 24 fibre), or a fan-out arrangement with each fibre terminating in a jacketed pigtail with a LC-APC connector. Both male and female MTP connectors will be available, as specified on order. All cables will have a straight connection arrangement (no cross-over), i.e. port1=port1.

Intended use The patch leads will be used indoors to connect fibre and equipment ports to patch panel or ODF ports, either MTP or LC-APC.








Fibre Recess 50 nm




Other fibre requirements


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Figure 128: Male and Female MTP connectors

Figure 129: MTP connector cutaway (left) and MTP guide pin cross-section (right)

Figure 130: Required MPO cable fibre arrangement for 12-fibre (straight)


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Figure 131: Required MPO cable fibre arrangement for 24-fibre (straight)

Figure 132: MPO cable cross-section (12-fibre)

MTP connector Specifications

Document End

Fibre Cable Installation Specification - etenders.gov.za Specification... · Fibre Cable Installation Specification FIB_002_STD. Document ID: Fibre Specification Version: 2.0 1 Document

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