Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) in infrastructure: … Tromp-RH… · Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) in infrastructure: ... 4 Jean-François Caron [email protected] AFNOR, ... Eurocode

Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) in infrastructure:Rules and guidance

Liesbeth TrompKees van IJselmuijden

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Who is RHDHV?

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Engineers, Consultants, Architects, FRP team

Kees van IJselmuijden (engineer)

Ernst Klamer(engineer)

Liesbeth Tromp(FRP specialist)

Joris Smits(architect)

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FRP Capabilities Royal HaskoningDHV

� Engineering (including Finite Element Analysis)

� Architectural Design � Feasibility studies � Life Cycle Costing� Sustainability evaluations (LCA)

� Second opinion and consultancy� Tender documents� System based contract

management/ Quality Control

� Royal HaskoningDHV is technical coordinator of national FRP design guidance and partner of FRP Eurocode

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Why FRP?

Low maintenance• 10% - 30% lower costs• reduced (traffic) hindrance

Sustainable and durable• Efficient material usage, low energy usage• Long life (> 80 years)

Lightweight and prefab• 2 á 3 times lighter than steel• Quick installation• Renovation and life time extension

Cost effective• Life Cycle Analyses• Replacement of steel structures, lift bridges,moveable structures, temporary structures

Strong• 200 - 500 MPa • Fatigue resistant

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Applications in infra structure and architecture

FRP has demonstrated its value and feasibility a.o. for: � Footbridges� Traffic deck panels

� Traffic bridges� Moveable bridges� Hybrid bridges ( FRP/steel)� Renovation (lightweight life time extension)

� Cladding� Edge elements

� Roof structures

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Footbridges by RHDHV

� Footbridge and incidentalvehicles

� Installed 2013

Design by Jorge Moura, Royal HaskoningDHVDesign by Joris Smits, Royal HaskoningDHV

� Floating footbridge andincidental vehicles

� Installed 2011

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Liftbridge Katwijk

� Foot bridge and incidental vehicles; span 25m � FRP lift bridgedeck, steel balance structure, concrete

substructure and approaches� Architectural design and engineering by RHDHV (2013)

Design by Joris Smits, Royal HaskoningDHV

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Royal HaskoningDHV: Dragon Fly bridge

� Pedestrian bridge and incidental vehicle� Hybrid glass fiber and carbon fiber reinforcement

Ontwerp Jorge Moura, RoyalHaskoningDHV

Lift bridge Oude Rijn, Katwijk

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FRP traffic bridge and trams :Sint Sebastiaansbridge Delft

� Traffic bridge (tender design)� 2 moveable decks: FRP deck with steel main beams

combined LM1 and tram load (deck 34m by 12m)� Heavy traffic and tram load, fatigue analysis� Engineering of structures c.a by RHDHV

Engineering by Royal HaskoningDHV

34m

12m

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Structural Concept

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Results: Thermal analysis

Ux (transverse)(1,8mm - -3,4mm)

Uy (length)(6,4mm - -20,4mm)

Uz (vertical)(22mm - -2,9mm)

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Results Traffic loads: SLS

App 41 mm (steel 28 mm)FRP deck Uz < 17, 8 mmIncluding conversion factors

1,1*1,1*1,1 = 1,33

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Pijlebrug Meppel– table bridge 13,6 m by 9 mProvince of DrentheFRP bridge deck

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Elburgerbrug

� Tender documents� System based contract management/design review

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Mandelabridge Alkmaar

� Architect Joris Smits (RHDHV)� RHDHV Design Review FRP deck

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FRP Cladding Bridges Jeddah

� Architect Joris Smits and team (RHDHV)� Engineering by RHDHV (South Africa, Netherlands)

� Steel truss bridges 20m – 60m� FRP Cladding

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Development of Design Guidance

� CUR96 FRP Structures in Civil Structures� Eurocode FRP

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Team Herziening CUR96 :

Overheden� Rijkswaterstaat� Ingenieursbureau Den Haag� Ingenieursbureau Rotterdam

(GWR)� Ingenieursbureau Utrecht� COBc

Toeleveranciers (composiet, materialen):� FiberCore Europe� Bijl Profielen� PPG� Teijin Twaron� DSM� Bostik� VKCN (branche organisatie)� Groot Composiet

Universiteiten / Onderzoeksinstituten� Universiteit Twente� Technische Universiteit Delft� INHolland � WMC� TNO

Normalisatie Instituten, Consultants

� CUR� NEN� TechnoConsult

Aannemers en ingenieursbureaus� Heijmans� Movares� Solico

� Royal HaskoningDHV� Witteveen + Bos� CTC

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Official members of WG4Name E-mail Presented by

1Luigi Ascione(Convenor)

[email protected]@tiscalinet.it

UNI, Italy

2 Lone Døjbak Andersen [email protected] DS, Denmark

3 Andrea Benedetti [email protected] UNI, Italy

4 Jean-François Caron [email protected] AFNOR, France

5 Miroslav Cerny [email protected] UNMZ, Czeck republic

6 Joäo Ramôa Correia [email protected] IPQ, Portugal

7 Patrice Godonou [email protected] SIS, Sweden

8 Eugenio Gutierrez [email protected] JRC, Italy

9 Wojcieech Karwowski w.karwowskil.pw.edu.pl Warsaw University of Technology

10 Thomas Keller [email protected] SIA, Switzerland

11 Jan Knippers [email protected] DIN, Germany

12 IJselmuijden, Kees van [email protected] NEN, The Netherlands

13 Toby Mottram [email protected] BSI, UK

14 Matthias Oppe [email protected] DIN, Germany

15 Carlo Paulotto [email protected] Acciona, Spain

16 Pawel Poneta [email protected] Mostostal Warszawa S.A., Poland

17 Andreas Schleifer [email protected] DIN, Germany

18 Morten Gantriis Sorensen [email protected] DS, Denmark

19 Ioannis Stefanou [email protected] AFNOR, France

20 Jon Taby [email protected] SN, Norway

21 Thanasis Triantafillou [email protected] ELOT, Greece

22 Liesbeth Tromp [email protected], The Netherlands

23 Frédéric [email protected] DIN, Germany

Eurocode FRP

MEMBERS WG4

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Eurocode FRP

Structure of the Technical Report� Preface� Chapter 1: General� Chapter 2: Basis of Design (Partial Factors Method)� Chapter 3: Materials � Chapter 4: Durability

(UV Radiation; Temperature; Humidity; Static Charge; Fire)

� Chapter 5: Basis of Structural Design (Modeling of FRP, Behaviour in the case of Fire; Design assisted by Testing)

� Chapter 6: Ultimate Limit States and Fatigue (Profiles; Plates and Shells; Sandwich Panels)

� Chapter 7: Servicability Limit States (Deformations; Vibration and Comfort; Damage)

� Chapter 8: Connections (Bolted and Adhesive Joints)

� Chapter 9: Production, Realisation, Management and Maintenance

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Challenges• Maturing Technology• Variety of Materials• Variety of production processes

– Pultrusion– (Vacuum Assisted) RTM– Hand lay up– Filament winding

• Different environments– Dry– Wet dry– Wet– Temperatures

• Variety of applications and loading conditions• Connections

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Chapter 2 CUR96:Partial factors for the material CUR96

γM =γM1 * γM2

� γM1 - source of material data :� Detailed design material data derived from tests on same material

and process (γM1 = 1.15- from tests, 1.35 from literature )

� γM2 Depending on Manufacturing method and design Verification

� By coefficient of variation

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Conversiefactoren:klimaatinvloeden, langeduureffecten

� ηc = ηct . ηcv . ηck . ηcf;

� Temperatuur� Reductie orde 10%

� Vocht� Reductie nat/droog orde 10%,

natte toepassingen 30%.

� Kruip� Bij hoge permanente belasting� Afhankelijk laminaatopbouw

� Vermoeiing � Reductie van stijfheid, orde 10%� Sterkte analyse: UGT toets

levensduuranalyse o.b.v. spanningsniveau en wisselingen.

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Lameleigenschappen VVK (bouwstenen)

� Vezel en hars

� Lameleigenschappen:� Tabellen� Formules (Halpin-Tsai – Manera)

� Laminaateigenschappen:� Klassieke laminaten theorie� => software

UD

0/90

CSM (mat)

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Rekenprogramma’s materiaaleigenschappen

• Diverse rekentools beschikbaar tbv bepalen laminaateigenschappen.• obv Klassieke laminaten theorie (Classical Laminate Theory)• Overzicht zie :

http://www.compositesuk.co.uk/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=SRE1-zpumWI%3D

Voorbeeld: Kolibri (Lightweight Structures)

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Sterkte van laminaten of lamellen

� Tsai-Hill (gecorrigeerd) (‘Von Mises’ voor VVK)Houdt rekening met gecombineerde spanningen:

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Sterktetoets CUR96+ (concept)�

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Toetsing UGT en BGT� Materiaaleigenschappen

� Karakteristieke waarden uit tabel of testen� Toon aan dat ontwerpwaarden worden gerealiseerd

� Ontwerpwaarden uit testen of methode van partiële factoren � Materiaalfactoren� Conversiefactoren

� Analyse methoden� Handberekeningen of eindige elementenanalyse� Sterkte toets:

� O.b.v. vereenvoudigd rek criterium (GVK = 1.2%)� O.b.v. Tsai-Hill (gecorrigeerd)� O.b.v. doorsnede-toets (profielen)

� Bewijsvoering door testen� Materiaaltesten� Componenttesten � Full scale-test

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BGT eisen: Comfort van (voet)bruggen

� Comforteis: maximale versnelling i.p.v. statische doorbuiging L/300. (NEN-EN 1991-2 2011 Nationale bijlage) � Stijfheid VVK is relatief laag t.o.v. sterkte.� Massa VVK is relatief laag t.o.v. sterkte

=> veelal eigenfrequentie met bijkomende massa.� Demping (vergelijkbaar met beton)

� Limiet statische doorbuiging? (bijv. incidentele voertuigen)

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Failure modes FRP

� compression� Interlaminaire shear (ILSS)� In plane shear

� Delamination� Tensile� Bolted connections

� Bearing (gat-ovalisatie)� Netto section failure� Shear out � Pull out

� Adhesive connections� Peel stresses� Shear failure

Delaminatie t.g.v. ILSS

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Chapter 8: Connections

� Rules for (multi row) bolted connections� Geometrical limits� Verification of bolted connection for :

� In plane and out of plane loading� Formulas for determination of joint capacity� Stress concentration factors

� Rules for adhesive connections� General configurations� Verification by tests

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Guidance adhesive connections

� Prevent progressive collapse� Long term properties

� aging (temperature, moisture, creep, cure, coating)� Fatigue (no rules for infra)

� Analytical (hand or FEA) supported by test data.

� Test data from previous projects used as ‘proof of principle’ in design. Tests as part of quality control.

� Instructions for tolerances, tools and quality control.� Climate control, training and supervision by trained specialist in

realisation phase!

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� Expert review

� Trained personel

� Proces control:� Proces conditions (moisture, temperature, safety)� Traceable materials� Fiber placement ( fiber straightness)� Impregnation (no voids)� Cure

• Quality checks• Verification tests materials (design proof and quality control )� imperfections: geometry, voids

• Inspection and maintenance plan• 0-measurement• Inspection protocol

Tuned toconsequence class

and level of expertise

Quality Control

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� Pultrusion:� NEN-EN 13706 part 1 - 3

� flatness� straightness

� Production-imperfections� Fiber buckling� Voids and dry spots� Etc.

Quality of pultrudes and material

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EC FRP and CUR96

� Technical report FRP draft finished in 2015� Published for comments 2015 via CEN website� Technical Report/Specifications development until 2018

� Dutch design guide CUR96 finished 2015� English version will be presented in an event in Utrecht by

Rijkswaterstaat

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Thank you for your attention!

Voor meer informatie over VVK:[email protected]

Liesbeth Tromp

+31-683530320