FIAFcholesterol1303AP

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in food pro-duction. However, the future of this growth will depend largely on

availability of raw materials and development of new nutrient sources from vegetable or animal origin.

One of the essential nutrients for shrimp is cholesterol. Driven by the increasing scarcity of conventional sources of cholesterol, Sonac recently developed Phosterol. This hydro-lyzed protein of animal origin is produced in accordance with all relevant EU regulations and is readily available from renewable natural sources. The uniqueness of Phosterol lies in the natural combination of cholesterol and phospholipids. Trails on shrimp have shown a strong synergy between cholesterol and phospholipids, the two main components of Phosterol.

Phosterol is a unique protein hydrolysate with high content of cholesterol and phosphol-ipids like phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol. Cholesterol and phospholipids are essential building blocks in cellular membranes and are part of several biological processes. Together with the high amount of fat, Phosterol is a good ingredient in aquafeeds, especially shrimp feeds. Shrimps rely upon a dietary source of cholesterol for optimal molting.

The origin of Phosterol is porcine tis-sue which has been collected in dedicated European slaughterhouses and after enzy-matic hydrolysis further processed to a beige brownish and heat stable powder.

Gelko Powder is a new hydrolysed animal-based product that contains highly digestible proteins for fish and shrimp. It hosts a combination of important amino acids, making aqua feed attractive and palatable. Naturally present nucleotides,

phospholipids and minerals increase its nutritional value.

EU Feed lawAccording to EU Feed law, Phosterol and

Gelko are permitted for use for all animal spe-cies. No limitations are imposed on produc-tion facilities, transport systems or use at farm level. No additional labeling texts are required.

Growth trial with Phosterol and Gelko

Three diets were formulated to contain equal amounts of cholesterol. The refer-ence diet contained crystalline cholesterol. One diet contained 0.9 % Phosterol and the third diet contained 2 % Gelko, a protein soluble (See Table 2). Feeds were produced with a pellet mill on a 2 mm die, using preconditioning with steam (>90°C) and post-conditioning (>90°C) for 20 minutes.

Shrimp trialThe trial was performed at the AFT-

CreveTec research centre. Forty shrimp of 1-1.4 g were put in 12 nets of 150 litres. All nets were placed in a bigger tank, so all nets had the same water quality. Water quality in the big tanks was maintained with bioflocs.

Each net was equipped with a feeder. The feed gift was adjusted daily according to an expected growth curve and average weight from initial and last measurement.

ResultsGrowth (average weight)We can not observe a statistical difference

in growth between the different feeds. Gelko seemed to be doing a little better in the mid-dle of the experiment, but towards the end the Reference diet was the best.

Table 1: Composition of Phosterol and Gelko

Composition Phosterol Gelko

Moisture 4% 4%

Crude Protein 48% 68%

Crude fat 34% 18%

Crude ash 9% 11%

Cholesterol 10% 0.10%

Total phospholipids 24% 9%

Phosphatidyl choline 7.80% -

Phosphatidyl inositol 0.90% -

DHA 2.30% -

Table 2: Experimental diets - Diets were formulated to contain 38 % proteins and 8 % lipids.

REF Gelko Phosterol

Corn gluten 5 5 5

Fish meal 26 24 26

Squid meal 2 2 2

Wheat 16.9 16.9 16.9

Wheat flour 25 25 25

Soybean meal 15 15 14.2

Soyalecithin 2 2 2

Fish oil 2 2 2

Wheat Gluten 4 4 4

Premix 2 2 2

Cholesterol 0.1 0.1

Phosterol 0.9

Gelko 2

Total 100 100 100

Natural sources of cholesterol, phospholipids and proteinsby Geert van der Velden, Carine van Vuure and Anke van Doremalen, Sonac BV, The Netherlands

46 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | March-april 2013

FEATURE

March-april 2013 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | 47

ConclusionPhosterol is a valuable alternative source of

cholesterol and gives similar results in growth and lower FCR than the pure source. It also shows lower mortality.

Gelko can replace high quality fish meal with a minimum of 2 % with no growth loss, and results in a lower mortality.

Due to the composition, Phosterol has many benefits in aquafeeds:• Fat and protein mixture• Rich in cholesterol (10%)• Rich in phospholipids (24%)• Good suspension• Good emulsifier• Attractant and palatant in shrimp diets• Improved growth rates, molting fre-

quency and survival in farmed shrimp• Cholesterol is heat stable (3 hours

133°C)The advantages of Gelko:• Fat and protein mixture• Rich in phospholipids (9%)• Good suspension• Attractant and palatant in shrimp diets• Soluble proteins with extreme high

digestibility

More InforMatIon:Website: www.sonac.biz

Table 3: Growth of shrimp (g/week) on diets containing Phosterol and Gelko

Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 Average

Reference 0.89 0 .41 1 .16 2 .00 2 .65 2 .39 1 .58

Phosterol 0.83 0 .43 1 .41 1 .63 2 .62 2 .15 1 .51

Gelko 0 .82 0 .52 1 .55 1 .75 2 .22 2 .44 1 .55

Overall, the observed growth was good, given the fact that shrimp were relatively small at the start of the experiment. Once they reached 3-4 g, they grow above 2g/week.

Table 4: FCR of shrimp on diets containing Phosterol and Gelko

Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total

REF 0.81 2.02 1.18 1.39 0.99 1.36 1.18 b

Phosterol 1.09 1.81 0.69 0.87 0.86 1.41 0.99 a

Gelko 0.7 1.71 0.76 0.98 1.61 1.17 1.07 b

The feed with Phosterol showed the best FCR, and was statistically better than the other diets

Table 5: Summary of results

Initial weight

Final weight

Growth (g/week) % Growth Mortality FCR

Reference 1.31 10.81 a 1.58 826 % 9.53 % 1.18 b

Phosterol 1.17 10.25 a 1.51 872 % 5.94 % 0.99 a

Gelko 1.26 10.56 a 1.55 838 % 6.41 % 1.07 b

46 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | March-april 2013 March-april 2013 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | 47

FEATURE

ADVERTISE WITHIN THIS FEATURE

• You can advertise within this space for UK£1,678or see the back page of this document for other prices & sizes

• The advert size can be changed to suit your existing artwork

• Booking deadline is 30/04/2013

We guarantee - That your advertisement will be put in front of more of your target market than that achieved by any one of our

competitors

Contact the Marketing team on - Tel: +44 1242 267706

Lee Bastin - [email protected]

Darren Parris - [email protected]

Tom Blacker - [email protected]