FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION DISCUSSION Prof.Pushpalatha
FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION DISCUSSION
Prof.Pushpalatha
ETIOLOGY OF FGR…….
Maternal
Hypertensive disorders
Diabetic vasculopathy
CRF
Collagen vascular disease
Thrombophilia
Fetal
Aneuploidy
Viral infections
Heart Disease
Placental
Placental abnormalities
Thrombosis
Chorioangioma
Placental Dysfunctio
n
CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES…..
Edward’s
Patau’s
Down’s
DIAGNOSIS……….?
Clinical
examination
Ultrasoun
d
CLINICAL EXAMINATION
SFHSensitivi
ty 60-85%
PPV 20-80%
ULTRASOUND BIOMETRY…… A C
Highest sensitivity
Highest NPV
Serial measureme
nt
Smallest measureme
nt
FETAL DOPPLER….UMBLICAL ARTERY
FETAL DOPPLER….
Reduced diastolic flow-30 % villi
affected
Absent/reversal-70% affected
Reduces fetal death by 29%
Intervention based on fetal
doppler
MCA
MCA
Hypoxia – Cerebral Vasodilation
Brain Sparing / Cephalisation flow liver & kidneys, “Hind limb reflex” Oligohydramnios
MCA
Does not predict more than umb A alone
-ve predictive value
Worsening of hypoxia – normalisation of previously abn MCA doppler
MCA – PSV remains abnormal as fetus decompensates
VENOUS DOPPLER
Ductus Venosus•Forward flow throughout cardiac cycle
•Reflects cardiac function
DUCTUS VENOSUS
VENOUS DOPPLER
Reversed ‘a’ wave backflow in venous circulation leads to pulsations in umbilical vein & reversed flow in IVC - foetal right heart faliure.
Associated with metabolic acidosis
Venous doppler evaluation most beneficial in early onset IUGR
DOPPLER INDICES < PNM
Doppler Parameter
Increased UA resistance
Absent UA EDF
Decreased MCA
Reversed UA EDF
IAUV Pulsations
Abnormal DV a-wave
Perinatal Mortality
5.6%
11-13%
21%
20-24%
35%
30-38%
ANTEPARTUM SURVEILLANCE EARLY
N umblical
art
Uterine art.
notching Elevated doppler index
Brain sparing
N MCA
N DV
N UV
DOPPLER
FHR –delayed maturationAFV – no changesBPS – delayed maturation of behavioural states
ANTEPARTUM SURVEILLANCE LATEUmb art. AREDFDV
elevated index
Loss of variability
Umb V- pulsatile flow
Absent/reversed a
wave
Late decelerat
ion
oligohydramnios
anhydramnios
Declining activity
Loss of tone
Loss of movement
Loss of breathing
DOPPLER
AFV
FHR
BPS
MANAGEMENT
Rest stress, quit smoking
Low dose aspirin
Antenatal corticosteroids – word of caution
Doppler waveform abn precede abn in BPP & NST by several weeks
MANAGEMENT
Most mature foetus
HIE / PM
BALANCE
MANAGEMENT
Abn UA waveforms
Late decelaration• Lagtime is more
in Preterm• Less in term
GRIT TRIAL
500 Women• Randomized• A / R EDF in UA• Immediate Vs Delayed
Delivery
Outcome• No difference in perinatal
mortality• At 2 years no difference
in neurological outcome > 31 wks
GRIT TRIAL
< 31 wks immediate delivery in disability(14% vs 5 %)
GA is the greatest determinant of intact survival
Awaiting TRUFFLE study results
ALGORITHM
DECREASED EDF
NST Bi weekly
BPP weekly
UA doppler weekly
Fetal growth every 3 weeks
AREDFHospitalisation
Frequent / continuous fetal monitoring
Steroids
MCA doppler weekly
DV doppler every 3-4 days
BPP daily
FGR > 24 wks
UMBLICAL ART
DOPPLER
MODE OF DELIVERY
UA EDF normal OCT successful induction of labour
A / RED EDF ----- LSCS
SCREENING
Ultrasound
Uterine artery
notching
Biochemical
analytesAFP
Beta HCG
PlGF
SCREENING UTERINE ARTERY
THANK YOU….