FGM Female Genital Mutilation
• Predates = to happen or exist earlier in history than something
• Ensure = to make certain that something will happen properly SYN make sure
• Secure = a situation that is secure is one that you can depend on because it is not likely to change
• Enhance = to improve something
• Attenuate = to make something weaker or less
• Unsightly = ugly or unplesant to look at
• Unsightly builldings
• Womanhood = the state of being a woman, not a man or a girl
• Througout =
• Outer = on the outside of something OPP inner
• Undergo =if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc, it happens to you or is done to you
• The equipment has undergone several important design changes in recent years
• Outlaw = to completely stop something by making it ilegal
• Involve = if an activity or situation involves something, that thing is part of it or a resut of it
• Ban = to say that something must not be done, seen, used, etc SYN prohibit OPP allow
• Stretch = to make something bigger or looser by pulling it, or to become bigger or looser as a result of being pulled
• Stitch = a piece of special thread which has been used to sew the edges of a wound together
He had to have ten stitches in his head
• Thorns = a Sharp point that grows on the stem of a plant such as rose
• Urinate = to get rid of urine from your body
• unsanitary = dirty and likely to cause disease SYN insanitary OPP hygienic
• Shard = a Sharp piece of broken glass, metal etc
• A shard of glass
• Sanitize = to clean something thoroughly, removing dirt and bacteria
• Thoroughly = completely
• Sorrow = a feeling of great sadness, usually because someone has died or because sth terrible has happened to you
• He expressed his sorrow at my father’s death
• Lasting = strong enough, well enough planned etc to continue for a very long time SYN long-lasting
The reforms will bring lasting benefits
A solution that would bring lasting peace
• Severe = ver serious, severe problems, injuries, illness, etc
• Cysts = a lump containing liquid that grows in your body or under your skin, and that sometimes needs to be removed
• Lump = a small piece of something solid, without a particular shape
• Childbirth = the act of having a baby
• His wife died in childbirth
• carry out = llevar a cabo algo, realizar algo
• Comprise = to form part of a lager group of people of things
• Women comprisee a high proportion of part-time workers
• Injury = a wound or damage to part of your body caused by an accident or attack
• Shw was taken to hospital with serious head injuries
• deep-rooted = habit, idea, belief etc is so strong in a person or society that it is very difficult to change or destroy it
• Constitutes = to be considered to be something
• The rise in crime constitutes a threat to society
• Minors = someone who is below the age at which they becoome legally responsable for their actions
• This film contains material unsuitable for minors
• the right to life = el derecho a la vida
• Harmful = causing harm
• The harmful effects of smoking
• Harm = damage, injury, or trouble caused by someone’s actions or by an event
• The scandal did his career a lot of harm
• Haemorrhage = hemorragia
• Sores = a part of your bdoy that is sore is painful, because of infection or because you have used a muscle too much
• Why do these people do this?
• Cultures, Religions and Social factors
• ensure virginity
• ensure fidelity
• male sexual pleasure
• Fertility
• like a penis
• attenuate the sexual desire
• dirty and unsightly
• Clean and more hygienic
• initiation of girls
• There are three general types of FGM
• Sunna Circumcision
• Clitoridectomy
• Infibulation or Pharaonic Circumcision
• Where is FGM practiced?
Africa and Middle East
western, eastern, and north-eastern regions of Africa
some countries in Asia and the Middle East,
• Predates = to happen or exist earlier in history than something
• Ensure = to make certain that something will happen properly SYN make sure
• Secure = a situation that is secure is one that you can depend on because it is not likely to change
• Enhance = to improve something
• Attenuate = to make something weaker or less
• Unsightly = ugly or unplesant to look at
• Unsightly builldings
• Womanhood = the state of being a woman, not a man or a girl
• Througout =
• Outer = on the outside of something OPP inner
• Undergo =if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc, it happens to you or is done to you
• The equipment has undergone several important design changes in recent years
• Outlaw = to completely stop something by making it ilegal
• Involve = if an activity or situation involves something, that thing is part of it or a resut of it
• Ban = to say that something must not be done, seen, used, etc SYN prohibit OPP allow
• Stretch = to make something bigger or looser by pulling it, or to become bigger or looser as a result of being pulled
• Stitch = a piece of special thread which has been used to sew the edges of a wound together
He had to have ten stitches in his head
• Thorns = a Sharp point that grows on the stem of a plant such as rose
• Urinate = to get rid of urine from your body
• unsanitary = dirty and likely to cause disease SYN insanitary OPP hygienic
• Shard = a Sharp piece of broken glass, metal etc
• A shard of glass
• Sanitize = to clean something thoroughly, removing dirt and bacteria
• Thoroughly = completely
• Sorrow = a feeling of great sadness, usually because someone has died or because sth terrible has happened to you
• He expressed his sorrow at my father’s death
• Lasting = strong enough, well enough planned etc to continue for a very long time SYN long-lasting
The reforms will bring lasting benefits
A solution that would bring lasting peace
• Severe = severo , grave
• Cysts = quistes
• Childbirth = parto
• carry out = llevar a cabo algo, realizar algo
• Comprise = constituye
• Injury = lesión, herida
• deep-rooted = profundamente arraigado
• Constitutes = constituye
• Minors = menores de edad
• the right to life = el derecho a la vida
• Harmful = perjudicial
• Harm = daño
• Haemorrhage = hemorragia
• Sores = llagas
• With regard = con respecto
• Plihgt = situación difícil, apurto
• Uphold = mantener (una ley, un principio), confirmar ( una decisión legal)
• Spiral = dispararse los precios