Fertilizer and their use in india

FERTILIZER AND THEIR USE IN INDIA

Prepared by:-GROUP VIII

SSC 411 (RAWE)

( Million)

Population of India (2011 Census) 1210

Male 623.1

Female 587.5

Rural 833.5

Urban 377.1

Agricultural Workers 263.0 (Million ha)

Total Gross Cropped Area (20 10-11 ) 199.0

Net sown Area (2010-11 ) 141.6

Gross irrigated Area (2010-11 ) 89.4

Net Irrigated Area (2010-11 ) 63.6

GDP at Factor Cost (2012-13 Provisional Estimates)

(Rs ‘000 Crore)

GDP Current Price 9461.0

Agri & Allied GDP Current Price 1644.8

GDP Constant Price (2004-05 Prices) 5505.4

Agri & Allied Sector GDP Constant Price (2004-05 Prices)

753.6

Source: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation

TYPE OF FERTILIZERS PRODUCED IN INDIA

Type of fertilizers Grade

Straight Nitrogenous

Ammonium Sulphate (AS) 20.6% N

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) 25% N

Ammonium Chloride 25% N

Urea 46% N

Straight Phosphatic

Single Super Phosphate (SSP) 16% P2O5

Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) 46% P O

NP/NPK Complex Fertilizers

Urea Ammonium Phosphate 24-24-0 28-28-0 14-35-14

Ammonium Phosphate Sulphate 16-20-0 20-20-0

Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) 18-46-0

Mono Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) 11 -52-0

Nitro Phosphate 20-20-0 23-23-0

Nitro Phosphate with Potash 15-15-15

NP/NPKs 17-17-17 14-28-14 19-19-19 10-26-26 12-32-16

ALL INDIA DEMAND FORECAST OF FERTILIZER PRODUCTS (THOUSAND TONNES)

2012 -13 to 2016 -17

Year Urea DAP NP/NPKs SSP MOP*

2013-14 31192 11784 10577 4682 4343

2014-15 32029 12002 10861 5091 4492

2015-16 32858 12212 11142 5513 4643

2016-17 33677 12413 11420 5948 4793

2017-18 33754 12764 11841 6476 4934

1. * For direct consumption. 2. Source: Working Group Report on Fertilizer Industry for Twelfth

Five-Year Plan

 Year

 2008-09

 2009-10

 2010-11

 2011-12

 2012-13

Urea 199.2 211.12 218.81 219.84 225.75

DAP 29.93 42.46 35.37 39.63 36.47

ComplexFertilizers

68.48 80.38 87.27 77.70 61.80

PRODUCTION OF UREA, DAP AND COMPLEXES(In Lakh MT)

PRODUCTION, IMPORTS AND CONSUMPTION OF FERTILZIERS

(Thousand tones of nutrients)

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011 -12

2012-13

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

A

Nitrogenous Fertilizers

P roduc tion 10634 1133 8 1135 4 1157 8 108 99 .8 10870 1190 0 121 57 1225 9 12194 Im ports 132 411 1385 2689 3706.5 3751 3447 449 3 524 0 350 5 C ons um ption 1107 6 1171 4 12723 13773 1441 9 15090 15580 1655 8 1730 0 16820

B Phosphatic Fertilizers

P roduc tion 3631 4067 4221 4517 3806.7 3464 4321 422 3 4104 354 1 Im ports 338 296 1122 1322 1391 3067 2756 380 2 442 7 262 5 C ons um ption 4124 4624 5204 5543 5515 6506 7274 805 0 791 4 665 3

C Potassic Fertilizers*

Im ports 1548 2045 2747 2069 2653 3403 2945 406 9 333 5 1178 C onsum ption 1598 2060 2413 2335 2636 3313 3632 351 4 267 6 206 2

D All Fertilizers P roduc tion 14265 15405 15575 16095 147 06 .5 14334 16221 1638 0 1636 3 15735 Im ports 2018 2752 5254 6080 7750.16 10221 9148 1236 4 1300 2 730 8 C ons um ption 16798 18398 20340 21651 2257 0 24909 26486 2812 2 2779 0 25536

Source: D epartm ent of Agriculture & C oopera tion and D epartm ent of Fe rtilizers

CONSUMPTION RATIO

NPK Consumption Ratio since 1985-86 Sl.

No.

Year NPK Ratio

1 1985-86 7.0 : 2.5 : 1 2 1986-87 6.7 : 2.4 : 1 3 1987-88 6.5 : 2.5 : 1 4 1988-89 6.8 :2.5 : 1 5 1989-90 6.3 :2.6 : 1 6 1990-91 6.0 : 2.4 : 1 7 1991-92 5.9 : 2.4 : 1 8 1992-93 9.5 : 3.2 : 1 9 1993-94 9.7 : 2.9 : 1 10 1994-95 8.4 : 2.6 : 1 11 1995-96 8.5 : 2.5 : 1 12 1996-97 10.0 : 2.9 :1 13 1997-98 7.9 : 2.8 : 1 14 1998-99 8.5 : 3.1 : 1 15 1999-00 6.9 : 2.9 : 1 16 2000-01 7.0 : 2.7 : 1 17 2001-02 6.8 : 2.6 : 1 18 2002-03 6.5 : 2.5 : 1 19 2003-04 6.9 : 2.6 : 1 20 2004-05 5.7 : 2.2 : 1 21 2005-06 5.3 : 2.2 : 1 22 2006-07 5.9 : 2.4 : 1 23 2007-08 5.5 : 2.1 : 1 24 2008-09 4.6 :2.0 : 1 25 2009-10 4.3 :2.0 : 1 26 2010-11 4.7 :2.3 : 1 27 2011 -12 6.7 :3.1 : 1 28 2012-13 8.2 :3.2 : 1

Source: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation

FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION VIS-A-VIS FOODGRAIN PRODUCTION From 2008-09 to 2012-13

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011 -12 2012-13 Foodgrain P roduction (In Million MT)

2344.70 2181.10 2447.80 2592.90 2553.60*

Fertilizers C onsum p tion in Nutrients (in lakhs MT)

249.09 264.86 281.22 277.90 255.36

* 4th advance estimate

Fertilizer Sales trend in last 6 years

Depleting soil organic matter

Imbalance in fertilizer use

Emerging multi-nutrient deficiencies

Declining nutrient use efficiency

Declining crop response ratio

Negative soil nutrient balance

NPK Ratios across states in India for 2013

EAST SOUTH

Bihar 12.3 : 3.6 : 1 Andhra Pradesh 7.1 : 2.8 : 1

Orissa 6.2 : 2.4 : 1 Karnataka 3.6 : 1.6 : 1

West Bengal 2.9 : 1.6 : 1 Tamil Nadu 3.9 : 1.5 : 1

NORTH WEST

Haryana 61.4 : 18.7 : 1 Gujarat 13.2 : 3.4 : 1

Punjab 61.7 : 19.2 : 1 Maharashtra 3.5 : 1.8 : 1

Uttar Pradesh 25.2 : 8.8 : 1 Rajasthan 44.9 : 16.5 : 1

Nutrient Efficiency Cause of low efficiency

Nitrogen 30-50 %Immobilization, volatilization, denitrification, Leaching

Phosphorus 15-20% Fixation in soils Al – P, Fe – P, Ca – P

Potassium 70-80% Fixation in clay - lattices

Sulphur 8-10% Immobilization, Leaching with water

Micro nutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, B) 1-2% Fixation in soils

Declining Fertilizer Response - Irrigated Areas

13.4

11

8.27

5.84.9

4.1 3.7

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Res

pons

e ra

tio (k

g gr

ain/

kg N

PK)

Reasons:

Inadequate and imbalanced fertiliser use

Increasing multi-nutrient deficiency

Lack of farmers awareness about balanced

plant nutrition

Poor crop management (Excess fertiliser

dose not be the substitute of poor

management)

Soil Organic Carbon Map

Low

Medium

High

68%

24%

8% AP

Low

Medium

High

60%

24%

16%Punjab

Low

Medium

High

61%

27%

12% MP

Low

Medium

High

50%

38%

12% MahaLow

Medium

High

74%

18%

8% West Bengal

Low

Medium

High

73%

24%

3% Karnataka

Low

Medium

High

55%

24%

21% UP

Low

Medium

High

52%

25%

23%Bihar Over All India

Organic Carbon Status

67%

25%

9%

67% of Indian Soil is having lower organic Carbon

Organic carbon status in all the major states is low

West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka are the major states where organic carbon is low Source: Coromandel’s Internal FindingOC test done - 3.4 lac samples

Suggested Medium term Strategy

Use of optimal dose based on soil health status.

Promotion of Neem-Coated Urea.

Promotion of Micronutrients.

Promotion of Organic Fertilizers.

Promotion of Water Soluble Fertilizer under NHM.

Operational Issues

Quality Control & Enforcement of FCO mandated standards.

Strengthening of the enforcement measures to prevent

hoarding/ black marketing/ Smuggling /diversion of

subsidised fertilizers to non-agriculture use.

Operationalisation of mFMS at the retailer level.

Close Coordination with Suppliers and timely placement of

Indent with Railways.

Collaboration in the Pilot Project for tracking & tracing of

fertilizers sales.

Thank you