Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Inspire HEP

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

FN-364 1502.000

PRODUCTION OF ELECTRONS AND POSITRONS BY IMPINGING 100 GeV PROTONS ON A TARGET FOR PURPOSE OF FILLING

AN ELECTRON STORAGE RING

s. Gonetti Institute for Particle Physics, Montreal, Canada

and

A. G. Ruggiero Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510

April 1982

C Operated by Universities Research Association Inc. under contract with the United States Department of Energy

I. Introduction

To avoid seriously limiting coherent instability and too much beam

loading on the RF system, it is convenient to inject in an electron storage

ring at as high an energy as possible, preferably at the same energy that

the storage ring is supposed to operate when in the colliding-mode. This,

though, would be very expensive and requires larger and more complex

accelerators operating as injectors.

As an alternative we propose here an interesting idea (see

V.I. Balbekov et al. , Xth International Conference on High Energy

Accelerators, Protvino, USSR, July 1977, Vol. I, p. 177) to produce pairs

of electrons and positrons by impinging primary protons on a target. This

idea works very well and it is mostly suited for the Fennilab

electron-proton proposals. Indeed Fennilab has already available a large

energy and intense proton beam as a source.

The scheme we propose is similar to the one to collect antiprotons

(The Fennilab Antiproton Source Design Report, February 1982). The major

differences are that it is much easier to collect electrons and positrons,

the yield from a target being two orders of magnitude larger, and that with

electrons there is automatically a "cooling" technique to collect them.

This is done by the synchrotron radiation damping, a cooling system which

is reliable, extremely fast and inexpensive.

The scheme is simple and it can be understood by inspecting Figure 1

which shows the Fennilab site with all the accelerators and storage rings

that will exist at one time or another. Figure 2 gives a closer look at

the region around DO where Main Ring, Tevatron and the electron storage

ring touch each other.

2

The proton beam is accelerated as usual to 100 GeV. At this energy

there is a small flat-top to allow for some rf manipulations that will be

described in the following section. When the beam is ready it is extracted

in several pulses, each with about the length of the electron storage ring.

The extraction occurs at Cl7. The proton beam is taken to a target where

e±-pairs are produced. A transport line takes the chosen charge (e+ or e-l

down to the electron storage ring where the beam is injected and stored.

After a period of three betatron damping times the beam has been "cooled"

and now the next proton beam segment can be extracted from the Main Ring to

produce more e±-pairs. This is repeated until the Main Ring is empty, at

which time the cycle repeats.

In section III we discuss the targeting of the proton beam and the

capture of the e±•s in the storage ring. In section IV we show in detail

our yield calculations.

We took under consideration two cases. One is a 5 GeV storage ring

proposed by Columbia University and the other is a 10 GeV storage ring

(CHEER) proposed by a Canadian group. The relevant parameters for these

two rings are suRITiarized in Table I.

We make the assumption that the bunching of the electron beam in the

storage ring and the bunching of the proton beam in the Tevatron are the

same and that corresponds, for both cases, to one bunch every 7 RF buckets

in the Tevatron at 53 MHz. It is convenient to prepare the proton beam

before targeting to produce e±-beam already at the required bunching.

Moreover, the bunching of one bunch every 7 RF buckets, corresponds to a

beam gap of 130 nsec that can be used for the fall-off time of an

extraction kicker in the Tevatron or a rise-time of an injection magnet in

the electron storage ring.

3

We found filling times for the required intensities that ranges

between a few minutes to several tens of minutes. This is short enough to

make the idea quite attractive especially for the positron beam production.

II. Main Ring RF Manipulation and

Preparation of the Proton Beam for Targeting

The Main Ring cycle is shown in Figure 3. The Main Ring is filled-up

as usual, in the box-car fashion at 8.0 GeV, with 13 Booster batches, for a

total of 3xl013 protons. The beam is bunched with the standard 53.l MHz,

h=1113, RF system.

Before acceleration, three consecutive bunches every seven are

eliminated with the fast, transverse super-damper as shown in Figure 4.

This is a conventional technique at Fennilab.

The beam is then accelerated to 100 GeV where the cycle has a flat-top

0.3 sec. long.

We assume that each bunch, with careful adjustment of injection and

transition energy crossing, has a longitudinal phase space area of

0.2 eV-sec and 3xl010 particles. The beam is made of a total of l.7xl013

protons.

During flat-top the beam will undergo two major RF manipulations

similar to those that have already been proposed for the Fennilab p source.

Phase I

At the end of the acceleration the beam is kept bunched by stationary

buckets produced by the 4 MV, 53 MHz RF system. As first step the RF

4

voltage will be turned off slowly so that the beam will adiabatically

debunch. It takes about 10 msec to do this, which corresponds to two phase

oscillations at 4 MY/turn.

It is not possible to turn the RF off completely to zero, because of

multipactoring problems and beam loading. The minimum voltage that can be

reached is probably 10 kV, so the beam will not be completely debunched but

will extend over ±180° as shown in Figure 5. Bunches will touch each

other.

At this stage it is proper to approximate four consecutive bunches as

a single one with rectangular shape. The longitudinal phase space area of

this larger bunch is

w S =Ix 4 x 0.2 ~ 1.3 eV-sec

Each superbunch has 1.2x1011 protons, the length

a, = ±38 nsec

and the height

8E = ±8.6 MeV

At this point the voltage of a 7.586 MHz RF system is turned on as quickly

5

as one can, say within one turn, that is 20 µsec. This RF system

corresponds to the hannonic number h=lll3+7 = 159 and creates stationary

buckets to capture the superbunches as shown at the bottom of Figure 5.

Since the shape of the superbunches is mismatched to the trajectories

of the h=l59 stationary buckets, the superbunches will rotate as shown in

Figure 6.

We require that after a quarter of the phase oscillation the beam has

a maximum energy spread

AE t""""' ±0.1%

that is AE=tlOl MeV, and a bunch length

The required bucket height is

o = ±3.2 nsec T

AEb = /2" AE = ±143 MeV

which corresponds to the RF voltage

V = 140 kV

6

at 7.586 MHz.

The bunch rotation takes a quarter of phase oscillation, that is about

20 msec.

As soon as the bunch rotation is accomplished one switches immediately

to the 53 MHz RF system again. The 7.6 MHz is turned off at the same time

the 53 MHz RF system is turned on, that is within one period (20 µsec).

We require the voltage is set so that the shape of the bunch is

matched to the new 53 MHz stationary bucket to stop the rotation of the

bunches. For this purpose the bucket height

t.E t.E = --

b sin ~/2

where t.E=±lOl MeV is the beam height and

~ = ±180°x3.2 nsec/9.4 nsec = ±61° the bunch extension:

t.Eb = 200 MeV

This corresponds to a voltage V = 1.9 MY at 53 MHz. At the end of this

phase one has about 150 superbunches occupying one out of seven of the 53

MHz RF stationary buckets. Bunches are separated by about 130 nsec, have a

longitudinal phase space area of 1.3 eV-sec and l.2xl011 protons each.

The RF manipulation we have described above has also been proposed to

combine 4 Main Ring bunches in one single superbunch for proton-antiproton

collision in the Tevatron. Computer simulations to check the scheme exist

7

(K. Takayama, J. Maclachlan) and a preliminary experiment has already been

tried successfully (J. Griffin and J. Maclachlan).

Phase II

For targeting it ls important to make the proton bunches as narrow as

possible so that also the e±-bunches are narrow enough to match the RF

buckets in the electron storage ring.

The following RF manipulation has also been proposed for targeting

protons to produce antlprotons (Fermilab, 1982 Antiproton Source Design).

The 53 MHz voltage is turned down slowly until bunches extend over

±90°. The voltage is turned down in 13 msec, which corresponds to two phase

oscillations with 1.9 MY/turn. In the following we shall assume the

bunches have elliptical shape. At the end of the adiabatic voltage drop:

V = 750 kV

6E = ±88 MeV

a = ± 4.7 nsec '

The bunch shape is continuously matched to the trajectories of the RF

bucket.

Suddenly the voltage is turned on to full value (4 MV) within one turn

(~20 µsec). We want to point out that RF voltage modulation at this

proposed rate has already been demonstrated experimentally for the Main

Ring. The bunch is now mismatched and will rotate in the similar fashion

as illustrated in Figure 6.

8

At 4 MY/turn the bucket height is

Eb = ±290 MeV

and the beam height after a quarter of phase oscillation (which lasts 1.3

msec) is

E = ±205 MeV

which corresponds to a new length

a = ±2.0 nsec ~

The result depends on the individual bunch area before any RF

manipulation is applied, here assumed to be 0.2 eV-sec. The final bunch

length could be a factor of two smaller (±1.0 nsec) if the bunch area were

also a factor of two smaller at the start (0.1 eV-sec).

Right after a quarter of the phase oscillation has been completed and

the beam bunchees are the narrowest, a segment of the beam is extracted,

targeted to produce the same number of e±-bunches spaced by 130 nsec and

injected in the electron storage ring in one single turn.

The bunches remaining in the Main Ring will continue to rotate for

another quarter of phase oscillation, until they extend again over a phase

9

of t90°. At this time the RF voltage is dropped again, and very fast, to

750 kV.

As we have seen at this level, the bunches are matched and stop

rotating. The beam in the Main Ring is kept under these conditions as long

as necessary, until the e-bunches in the electron storage ring have been

"cooled" enough in all directions by the synchrotron radiation. Typically

this takes three betatron damping times, that is a total period of time

that can range from 10 to 50 msec depending on the energy and the size of

the electron storage ring.

When a new segment is ready for extraction and targeting the bunch

rotation of phase II is repeated again. This will go on until the Main

Ring is empty.

The length of the flat-top in the MR cycle is calculated as the sum of

the duration of the steps we have described above:

tflat-top = 10 msec + 20 msec + 15 msec + (n-1)(3•dampingl

where n is the number of pulses injected in the electron storage ring per

Main Ring cycle. For the two rings shown in Table I we have at most

tflat-top = 0.23 sec. Therefore a Main Ring cycle of 3.0 seconds sounds

more than reasonable.

Finally observe that although extraction from the Main Ring at 100 GeV

with a beam gap of 130 nsec appears to be possible, we did not investigate

the requirements it would impose upon the whole extraction system.

10

III. Proton Target and Electron Capture

At 100 GeV the proton emittance is EH = Ey = 0.223n 10-6 m, which

include, 95% of the beam with bi-gaussian distribution.

11

The proton beam can be focused on a target where BH = By = 1 m so that

the rms beam spot size is

OH = Oy = 0.193 mm

To avoid onset of shock waves that could result in the density depletion of

the target the energy-density deposition should be of no more than 200 J/g.

With the beams cross section specified above the maximum number of protons

that one can impinge on the target at one time is

N = 7 8xl011 p •

for a target 5 cm long (see the Fermilab Antiproton Source Design Report).

The target we are actually considering here for e±-pair production

will be several times longer (40 cm) and therefore we should be capable to

impinge on the target a number of protons in excess of 1012 • As we can see

from Table I, the actual number of protons hitting the target during one

pulse does not exceed 1012, so that our choice of BA= 8~ = 1 mis

reasonable.

As a collector we can use a lithium lens similar to the one proposed

for the antiproton collection. With this lens one can focus on a plane in

the target where 8~ = 8~ = 10 cm for the electrons.

The maximum number of electrons (positrons) that can be captured

depends eventually on the momentum aperture and betatron acceptance of the

storage ring, that we estimate here to be about

t.P = p ±1%

With a 8*=10 cm this corresponds to a beam size of ±1.5 mm and an angle of

±15 mrad at the focal plane, assuming there zero dispersion.

Each electron bunch accepted will have therefore a momentum spread of

± l'.t with a roughly uni form di stri bu ti on and a 1 ongi tu di nal gaussi an

distribution of the same width as proton bunches. As we have seen in the

previous section the width for 95'.t of the beam is ±2 nsec.

Nevetheless only those electrons that will fall in the moving buckets

created by the RF cavities in the storage ring will be captured. The

bucket height and length are given in Table I. It turns out that the

Columbia storage ring can capture considerably more electrons because, due

to the RF choice, the buckets are longer and wider.

We estimate that only about 20'.t of the electrons will be RF captured

for CHEER but as much 50'.t will be captured in the Columbia storage ring.

After three damping times of the betatron oscillations the injected

beam is "cooled" to the equilibrium values which are shown also in Table I.

These values are considerably smaller than those at the injection and there

12

is plenty of room for injection of subsequent pulses.

IV. Yield Calculations

We have prepared a Monte Carlo computer simulation to estimate the

yielo of electron and positron pairs produced by protons on a target.

The chain of reaction we have considered is the following:

In order to maximize the acceptance of the electron transport line, we

propose to use the same target both for producing the 11°s and to convert

the photons. Given the ratio of momenta of the incoming protons and

outgoin9 electrons (100 vs 5 or 10 GeV), it is important not to let thee

electromagnetic shower grow, so as not to degrade the electron's momenta.

For these reasons we choose a beryllium target (absorption length J'

radiation len~th) 40 cm long and wide enough so that particles do not

escape radially. A more detailed study would be required to determine the

optimum target length, but our simple minded Monte Carlo showed the value

of 40 cm to be quite reasonable.

(i) The initial conditions for the proton beam are first generated.

We generate a proton by assigning four coordinate variables

13

x, x' and y, y'

taken randomly according to a gaussian distribution in any of the four

variables with zero means and standard deviation values given by

Ox = r:;; Oy = ;:;; Ox• = /<-/B: 7 cry' = j<-/S; I

* * with <.=3.72xlo-a m the rms emittance, and sx=By=l m the lattice values at

the focus which is assumed at the center of the target. At the focus there

is a waist, that is Bx'=By'=O. The initial conditions generated correspond

to the location of the focus but then the actual initial coordinates at the

beginning of the target (s=O) are calculated by a single transposition

x ... x - x' 9.,/2

y ... y - y' 9.,/2

x' + x'

y' ... y'

and the angles, x', y' are unchanged.

The distributions of the particles so generated at the focus location

are shown in Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10. Note that these, as well as the

14

following figures represent the result of generating 10,000 protons.

The dispersion at the focus is zero and the protons have been

generated all with the same momentum.

(ii) Protons are made to interact in the taget with an exponential

distribution e-S/A, A=36.7 cm (Fig. 11). Only primary interactions are

taken into account, so that the final electron/positron yield will be

somewhat underestimated, since we are not keeping track of n°• s generated

in secondary interactions.

A parameterization for the longitudinal and transversal momentum

distributions of the production n°•s was obtained by averaging then+ and

n- production data, as measured in the bubble chamber. Such a choice was

motivated by the fact that better data exists for the charged than for the

neutral n's over the kinematical region of more copious production. Again

this approximation will lead to a certain underestimate of the final yield,

since photons originated from n production and decay are neglected.

The parameterization employed was obtained from the 200 GeV data of

Kafha et al., Phys. Rev. 016, 1977, 1261 and one of the form (XF being the

scaling variable pw/p~a~

and

with B c

= 4.35 = 4.50

( 1 )

15

( 2)

Although it is known that the transverse momentum distribution is not

completely independent of XF• the variations over the region of interest

are small enough that the use of a factorized expression gives a very

reasonable approximation. Comparison with data measured at 100 and 400 GeV

(C. Bromberg et al., Nucl. Phys. B, 107, 1976, 82) guaranteed the validity

of scaling in the XF and p variables, making legitimate the use of the

parameterization obtained at 200 GeV.

The results of R.D. Kass et al., Phys. Rev. 020, 1979, 605 were used

to obtain the average n° multiplicity, which is measured to be equal to 3

at 100 GeV.

Operationally, for each interacting proton three n°'s were generated:

for each n° a value of -l<XF<l was chosen by sampling the distribution (l);

next a value for p distributed according to (2) was obtained in the range

D<p <P ***=(s12)/1-XF2 '. The azimuthal angle was then thrown with a flat

probability.

The distribution of the n°•s in the four-dimensional phase space

(x,x' ,y,y') is shown in Figures 12, 13, 14, and 15.

The momentum distributin of the n°'s is shown in Figure 16.

(iii) The n° mesons are made to decay immediately in a pair of y's.

The decay distribution is obtained by picking at random the center of mass

decay angle e . Lorentz transformations yield for the lab momenta of the TI

two gammas

16

and for the respective angles of production from the direction of motion of

m c e1 = arcsin (~ sin e l

2pl 1T

e2 = - arcsin

The azimuthal angle is also generated randomly.

The distribution of the first gamma in x' ,y' and momentum (p 1) is

shown in Figures 17, 18, and 19. The data for the second gamma are shown

in Figures 20, 21, and 22. The distribution in x and y, of course, are the

same as the TI01 s.

(iv) The ga111nas so generated will travel down the target and then will

convert in pairs of e+e-.

We have used conversion leng~h of 45.4 cm. The distribution of the

coordinate for the gamma conversion is given in Figure 23. The

distribution of the x,x' ,y,y' coordinates at the moment of conversion are

17

shown in Figures 24, 25, 26, and 27. The momenta of the electrons are

obtained from a flat momentum distribution and consequently the positron

momentum is derived from

The opening angle of the produced pairs, being of the order of me/Ee is

neglected, so that the pair is produced with the same direction of motion

of the converting gamma. The momentum of the electrons and positrons at

production is given in Figures 28 and 29 respectively.

Finally, thee± have a chance by traveling down the remaining part of

the target to loose some amount of energy by bremmstrahlung. Figures 30

and 31 show the distribution of the coordinate where radiation occurs. We

have assumed a radiation length of 35.3 cm. The energy lost is chosen

according to a 1/E distribution. The final momentum distribution is given

in Figures 32 and 33.

18

{v) We assume that a collector lens is located beyond the target. The

focal plane of the collector is taken to be 15 cm downstream from the

beginning of the target. The distributions of the electrons and positrons

in the {x,x' l and {y,y' l planes projected back at the focal plane are shown

in Figures 34, 35, 36, and 37. The characteristic butterfly shape is

easily recognized.

The diagrams given in Figures 38, 39, 40, 41 and in Figures 42, 43,

44, 45 show the phase space distribution fore+ at the desired momenta of 5

and 10 GeV (±5%) respectively.

In these diagrams we have outlined an ellipse with semi-axis of

1.45 mm and 14.5 mrad which corresponds to an acceptance 20rr mm-mrad in

both planes.

The yield for a 20rr mm-mrad acceptance in both planes and ±5% momentum

bite is attained by dividing the total number of particles falling within

the ellipse by 10,000, the number of protons generated in our Monte Carlo

simulation. In Table I we give the yield for ±1% momentum bite. As one

can see, two minutes are required to fill up a 5 GeV electron storage ring

as proposed by Columbia University. On the other hand, CHEER, the 10 GeV

Canadian proposed ring would take about an hour. Nevertheless the betatron

acceptance in CHEER is much larger than considered here and is capable of

capturing more electrons, provided the RF frequency is lowered from 804 MHz

to 496 MHz. In this case, the filling time could be less than ten minutes.

19

Table I. Comparison Between Two Different Energy Cases

Energy, GeV

Radius, m

RF Frequency, MHz

RF Peak Voltage, MV

Energy Loss, MeV/turn

Momentum Compaction Factor, u

No. of Bunches

No. of Electr./Bunch

Bucket Height, 6p/p

Bucket Length, nsec

Harmonic No.

sin 4>s

Betatron Damping Time, msec

rms Bunch Length, nsec

rms Bunch Energy Spread

rms Betatron Emittance with Full Coupling, 10-6 m

No. of Proton Pulses per MR Cycle

MR Flat Top Length, msec

No. of protons per pulse on the target

Fraction of electrons captured within an acceptance of 20n mm-mrad and 6E/E=±li

Yield: Ne /Np

Filling Time with a MR Cycle of 3 sec.

CHEER Columbia

10 5

283.0 56.6

804 496

24.8 6.0

9.66 3.51

0.00583 0.00250

45 9 ( 21)

lOl l 0.58xl011

±0.51% ±l.15't

0.73 0.97

4770 588

0.3go 0.585

12.2 3.7

0.03 0.05

o.o85i O.l't

0.025 0.065

4 18

145 225

7. 7x 101 1 1. 53x 1011

0.2 0.5

9.2xl0-•

3,450 sec 100 sec

20

Li(\ .. C

Fig. 1. Plan View of Fermilab Site

C47

Fig. 2. Closer View of DO Experimental Area with

the Electron Storage Ring

JOO GtV

i,O 6tV · - I ----- l

J.L 3.D

f, ,·V'I' t ~ .s ~c.

Fig. 3. Diagram of the Main Ring Cycle

c ) l .. ~ ~

c )

~ j s ·- ft) .t

' - ) ~

- -- 0 0 0-----

- -- .. >t - -- -

Fig. 5. Creation of the Proton Superbunches in the Main Ring

/ I

• I I I

t

• • I • • ' ' ' ' '

I

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i I ,' "10 "'"' • ' I

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CONTENTS lJ) l 1llll lll JO 33332344322J35~~D44454~~~~65~7j57~77676t80~98~~lj2191L099dd877~77~767556655~~b54~4~44433323335?ZJZ22 l. 90309~••47b7~C4J.63lu042~ob0l782l93043~2d347~566JC56JoJ7974359462252dG66349J77•57Ll517ll35L23JilC149

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+ ENTRIES • 19890 • BlN _ _J..'lJ • _.600,)t:+i.iU

.. Ii.LL CHAn:~l LS • • 6Co2E +04 * MCAN VALUt • -.2982E+00

Fig. 21. v' - Distribution of garma #2 at

* UNJERFLOW • ,,93~E+04 + R _.! _M __ !_j_ __ ~_ .l42l!::+C2

0 '\{ decay

• OVEAFLO~ • ,b81~E+D4 f AS~O~ CrlA" j•

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Fig. 22. "bmentum Distribution of· garrrna #2 at ,r 0 decay

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+ 1 ? 6 3 l+ f' 6 7 J.o 8 g J.2 12345&78qo1234567Bga1?345&7sqo12345678qo1231+s&1Rgn123•s&1ago1214s&789D1211+s61Bgo12345&r8go12!1+s&7B90

47677646746514445]l'i3334?3332231224321321222212212111112121111222111121112 112 111 1 1 1 S356410328675063C93490S1q'i387 .. 69957 .. 3'+415S8537HOg131P5804143q8491fiS62502107212HSRSq'i733gg4 .. &731257&4

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• ENTRIE5 = 46528 • ILL CHANNELS = .2554E+04 • UNDERFLOW = .1q41E+OS • OVF.RFLCW = .24S&E+05 • BIN WI) = .SOOOE-01 • HEAN VALUf = .6SqJE+01 • R • M • S = .2073E+01 • A~NOR C~A= O.

Fig. 32. Final ''1anentum Distr.ibution for the Electrons

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31

xxxxxx x xxxxxx x XXXXXX X5 xxxxxx 5 xx XXXXXX 5X5 5 XXX xxxxxx xxx x xxx 5 5 XXXXXXXXXX5X XXX X X 5 xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx x x s x xxxxxxxxxxxxsxxx x x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x x x x XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X 5X X xxxxxxxx•xxxxxxx xx x xx 5 x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxsxx x xx xx x x xxxxxxxxx•xxxxxxxxx xxxx sxx x x XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX5 XXXX5 X5X 5 5 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX5 XXX X5 X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX5XXX 5 XX X xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x xxx x

DATE 82/04/U

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x x ~xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxs x 5 x 5 5 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx x x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x x xx 5 x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x xx xxx x x

NO : 29

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 5 X5 XX XXX X 5 X 5 X xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxx x xxx x s x x x x XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXYXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XX XXXX X S5XXXX X XX X 55X X X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX.XXXX XX XXXXXXSX5XXXX5XXX · 5X5X 5 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx~xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxssxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

G.t v' ; ~ x x !"; xxxxsx .(XXXXX

n :-1ANNELS 100 · 4- 1 2 0 3 4 l' Ii 7 t() R q iw2 .. ·~ ! 10

1 121456789012345&7B90123r.567B90123r.5678qo12345&18qo12345678901234Sfi7B9012345fi78qo12145&1aqo123456789D -:;:-;

CJNTENTS 10 7676675555454565335133533233343223342222232221231211 11 12 1121 1 1111 2 11 1 1 1 1 1 • 7246490353g35427581~fi4161623q71g771g&70641g&18018123688386460816478&9qOJ2271701837gg?557274672S&g&s7

. " LJN-EOGE 10 1tt11111111t1l11111ll1111

., s__: fNTRIE5 =

~IN WI) =

1. 4444444444444ssssssssss5s6&666666&666677777777777788BBRR8BBBBBB9gggqg9gqq9qooooooonoo100111111111111 0 001234456788901223456G781C0123445678Bqo1223456fi78100123445G78890122345fi678goo123445678Rgo122345fi678g o os;420364208&420B&42oafi420B6420Rn420B&4208&4208642oBo~2os&420B&420tt&4208&420B6420B&420B&4208&420B&42

46528 .aoooE-01

Fig. 33.

• ALL CHANNELS = .2526E•04 • ll~OERFLOW = .1g47E•05 • MEAN V4LllE ·= --.6442E•01- ---•-·R • H • S =· .20UE•01

Rinal ~kJmentum Distribution for t_he Positrons

• OVERFLOW= .24541'+05 • AANOR CHA~ Q.

l:LECTKON X L'IITTA'lCE

HiWU~ I J • ~u1 UATt 62./J4/ll

CHANN~LS iv IJ r, • l J 4 0 A. l N 123<t:>b"/u·10123<t!>v7d'I01.:!:J4Ju7U9Ul~34!>o7o90 ·v-nr-

- ·-I ••••••••••••+•+••••••••••••"l'*•. •••. ••••••••••••••••• A.aN 1ut'G41 • • AEIN OVE * * FJi~drli.JllCtli:Ni1.,KGcKLMKFl·;fi+;cP'-11~0TJUSL**TT *'n····* OVt

14.25 * N + 32+ 2 + . + + +33+ 24-32223t33t + 7 + 40 13.5 * U + + + 2 +3 t i+++i+2+3+Z2+423+22+ + b + 39 12.75 * L i 2 tt - t3~+2+ 22. ++433+,22+++223 4 + 3d 12 • ~ ++i + 2 t+ ++ ++<t+iJ+3+ZJ 3+225 + 3 * 31 ll.l!:> • 0 22.<t+tt 322 3 +2+ +3't3+32•4+424 ++ -· tlf': ·- 3Cl 10. !:i + M +++++ + + + ++ •d26 24++632325 +Z+ 'J@f* 35

Fig. 34.

~i j £ j J

Electron Population

9. 75 * R + +++2+ ++ 2232 ++423.J 4Zl44245422++ ·PLi* 34 9 •• +++ +2++ ++24 3+324 34 4't4535 5343 3 ++ >;<,:,. 33 of the x-x' phase space at the focal

-

8. 25 +· R +2 +2++++2Z++2+343+33't72 7523563+ . ---.- 3l 1.5 • p + + 2+ + 23235 2~ 'd:i 't!>3':1455+ • 31 o.7? • G 4 +l ++ 323+33't+57 ~;32<t ++ + 30 b * P 3 2++ +tti++2 4 +++4L464o974d64J+ * 29 !;>. Z!l * N +23+ l+ ++222 +2+3223437d8~0d 24+ ··--. --. 2~ 4,5 * A 2 +,!++ ++ 32,•5434~at79Z<t+ * 21 3.75 • 1 +2 +23+J+242J~237bAo7C7a;o422 . • 2b 3 * G +2332 232+3 3+ 4l&347725F6t.l~t>5 c<,:.• ~5 2.25 * b ++ +232 ++2++44345GCCcAD7~22 - 24 lo5 * 6 + ++++,+4322+2j&77G3INUo93 + L3

• 15 * + + + + + 3 2 + J b tJ 7F Jtl L FU j * 2 2

• 7 5 l.5 2,25

* + 3+Z<t8G••CAS2+ * 21 * +4L**LUA43j~t+ 2 t ._ ~O • 17K!'INNF9~•·os+3+ ++ 2.;: .. ; ....•.. * 19

plane. All m:urenta are included

• 43IFllbD6522222246+22 + 6if1/t•* 18 * ++590[!'13F~5933+2423't224+3 8cy+!cf* l 7 + ·tt33HG0509u7't5927131ts-24~~2 11 • 16 . -··- t 75 ".;

5. 25 b 0.75 7.5 &, 2' 9 q,75

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LOW-bl GE ····:::::::::~:::~::::::({*****•~·········J:b·····

• • --. • • lo ZUllll.l.111 lllllll.i.ll o 09d 7o5432109 3 7b '" 3 2101 t ,., :;o 7t1901231t 51! 769 · ,..,.

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ELlCT~OH r EMITTA~Ci H~OOK LD • lJ2 llATt ~i/:J~/ l j

CHANMELS 10 U C i ' 3 4 0 A l N l 23't56 7d JO l 2 .H ~ t;. /d 90.;.i HJ t.>1u'JOJ.234 5 b71l90·~

- I •••••o••••••••••••H••••• .. ••1<*<•••••••••••••••••• ABI~ ~ • * ABN OV(TC\ * • f<;f.;lNL.;JFi:L~l.DA.jLMfjL .. ;>~JJTi•Jl•U1lN•i't,;PS* *····· • !JJE . 14.25 •• t+ +t+222 2+·23·+·2 23 +2 2 3++2-32++ 1 .- 40 13.5 * • 2 2j+ + 2~22+22+3+2+2 ++ 22 ++6254+2 3 • 3~ 12.75 * u +•• + ~z + 3z +!+23 +• J+2)4 2+5243+2 + • 3e 12 * R t + 2+ 2+ 4~+++t4+ t+j~ + o4+64323t2t * 37 11. 2!:> * M ++ + t+++ ++ +22l 3+2 3+22~2+4 3++5+~6+ - > • 36 10.5 * * + 3+2+ ++ 2+2+++3++264+273423634 2+ * 3,

9. 7;, • Q • ++ 2~ + +233+++3+ 4 .. 4423+226+33 t ., • 3't Fig. 35.

r., J • H

Electron Population

9 • + + 2++ +~2++ 82Z33 6H't~Llo754433 22+ * 33 8025 • J 532+ 3+ 2++2225++2232 542344 ·4+ • 32

of the y-y' phase space at the focal

7.5 • M ++ 224 3~ 3 3J2)422332+j1~2~433t * 31 o.75 + I 2 +2 ~+2+.:+l+ + 2+3~ 4433JjJ7~++ • 3~ b • H + +2~J22++3~224o:.5~~4)7Z++3+ + 2~ ~ • .::~ • K .:-tt ++2++++3't++35lb4113' 7:;olJ'~ --,-• 2u 4.5 • H 4+ J 2J22+~5~:;4777cd6~l+ * 27 3o75 + 7 2+ j 2 4+J 322324J5J72Ao!:>~Z+ * lb 3 * N 2+2Z ++ ;li'. 322b95~67CdJUc2Z3+ * 25 2.25 + E ++ 3 2~++0325464~77iEFJ39732 -- 24 1.5 + 6 +322+~~o+5+525,JldEE~105)J+ * 23

• 75 I< 2 + ++~2~ 33'toJ~AKKUF~I+++ * 22

• 7!:> ~. 5 2. 25 3 3.75 4. 5 5.25 b b. 75 7,5 bo 2; 9 'J. 7 5

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* + + t ~ ++GLOST~A4;2 • Zl + 26EHKiSCfb53++ + + 20 + +2+AFUU'iNcb4&4il4223+++++ t< + l'I + 2461\LCFlli\ 7"74~d+3++++4+++ + 3'' * ltl * +455AbfJ5d7coZ5+2+ 2243+ +Z tf'.;t • 17 • .. +35fi719Do42264+433 •4+• T'f I . ·- lo * + t 2uol't7oA~4c3+4• ++42+2 +3+2 H + 15 * +4ou~7JF~3f257}+243 33 23+24++ • + 14 * +433o4Ab~l't377J,.:Z~ 3+3++2 ++2 0 + 43 * + J2'154~78~3.3-<+U.:3+JZ .!2+ 2 +2 o- L2 + + 2+~+2744+~24+222t43~ ++3t? + +2 M • 11 + ++274~43 74? 34 4tt+++ +~223++ 2+ K * 10 • + + .. 3 4 il :i 4 3 7 ~ ;h +4 3 z 3 + 3, + + + + z 2 0 • " • +222322•44334324jJ4+z, ++2+2+++ + • • a • 3+2olt~>L+t4Z• 2+4j+ s•~•• + 2!+ +3 • • 7 • t ~23 .. ~tt2+2222j't2+Z++ ~2 t .. ++ 22 T • 6 * +~J22 44 i~+t2234++22• + 3 2ZZ +2 3 R + 5 • + 22+2324't23 Z+3742Jb++t+ j Z+J 2+3+ +++ R--• 4 • 3 +3+2+++2++22+26+22+ 2 + + + + I * 3 • 3 2+3+ 4++4223++++!~3 +<tZ+ +~ z tt ++ K * 2 * A 2+32 +<'.3+~ ' +2+2++2 +2i:'. +++ 2+ fi·i + l * + *HMP•TOi<J•~•HLP..Jl1Kf,Flf1.LfJ IE~GAHLBL9FH~....--*°" U'iD ·-··~~:~~~~~:::::~::::~:··················:lt;•••• lo 21111.l~~ll 0 lllillllll W'¥\VV\

plane. All rromenta are included

0 _.,~y7b5'+3210'1d7t.54J21Ji23~;,t.lo"O .231t5b189" •. J ... * "' 3l;tii@;i I d4l I 31 • tNTR!t:.i " 46521:1 P~.Jf -----;J\t't.I---------I---------+ SATURlTIOt-l Ala - 3I - . -- -- 417 4 I 3614-H -1--401 *SCALE ,,+,z,j,,,,, ~,j, STAf,>TiCS ---------1---------1---------* STEP • 1 • Hl141MUM•r 31 I e3z l 31

POSlTKUN X t~ITTAiCt

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. ""'<'ti-~ AdN OVE

14.25 13.5 12. 7 ';) 12 ll.2'.> 1 (,. 5

J. i.) • Hd UATt '8, /u't/ lj

.LU lJ u l 2 3 4 0 A l N 12.H5'17dl01:'.3 .. ~uloYG:2J4·,u7o9vl2.:l't5o7B90·-v--a-·

**•········~··············~·~····················· * + ~dN + + rJLCddl>;l(.;U,cN1GKGct<Lr1KF1<i,*•L~ J;1,JTJUSL+*TT • + OVt • ri ... 3 2 + 2 t + + + 3 3 + 2 't 3 ~ 2 2 3 + 3 3 + ... · +· 4 Ci + U + + + 2 +3 t ~t++2+~+3+L~+•23+22+ + b + 3Y + L 2 2 +• :. +J~+c• 22 ++4j3+;22+++z,3 4 • 3b + F ++~ + 2 ++ t+ ++4+~J+J+23 3+225 + 3 + 37 • D a~+H J~2 3 +2+ +'.>~3+32+'t+424 ++ · --+ 3o • M +++++ + + + ++ •J2o Z<t++o32325 +2+ • 3~

Fig. 36.

rifl = >l

Positron Population

9. 7 ':J 9

+ K + +++2+ ++ 2~J2 ++<tZ33 4Z?4~245422++ + 34 * • ++t +2++ ++24 3+3~4 34 ~<,<,jJ' jj43 1 ++ • j3 of tlo.e x-x' phas.e space at the focal b. <:'. 5 7. ~ b. 7 'j b ~. t:= 5 4,5 3,75 3 2.25 1.5

• 75

.75 i.5 2.. 2 5 3 3.7:'> 4. :; '. 2;.. b b. 7 5 7. ';; o.25 .-,. 9. 75

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LOW-t:.u Gi:.

* I( + 2 + z + ++ t 2 ~ + + 2 + J '• 3 t 3 3 't 7 .' 7 5" 'j 5 h 3 + --. 3 z ~ K + + Zt + l3!3~ ?~ 13J t5JG<t,~+ + 31 + l> 4 +Z tt J~3 .. 3J4•5 l ,)J<·<t ++ * 30 + P ~ 2++ ttt~++~ • +++•!•c1c1l•do43• * 29 * N +23+ 2+ ++i22 +:!+3223437oodJd 24+ ·---• 2o + A 2 +z++ ++ 3Z~4543~ib+7Jl•+ * 27 * I +~ +~J+J+l4ZJ5237b4<-7L7dC6422 * 26 * G +23j2 232+33+ 42)34772~f ~U~b~ * 25 * b ++ +232 ++~++44345BBCEA075ZZ + 24 * 6 + ++++5+~3Zi:+Z5b77GiliNOb93 * 23 * + + ++ +3 2 t~bt(fJNLfU3 * 22 * + 3+249G+•CA5~+ + 21 * +4l**L044332++ 2 + ----.-• 20 * 37K1NNt'IA4+ua+3+ ++ 1 ..• 19 + 43IF!tb0ti:J2222224o+22 + 6 + 18 * ++590E"3f:J)~33+242342Z4+3 ~;• + 17 + 43oHGl>5098745127334524++2 M • L6 • 23J~999~47ti7~!j4423 +2+ 3 * • 15 + •~~~74LAb3l9o~i+32~43 22 + P + 14 • ~b3b9d~~2+)j4+b422++36+Z2+ + G * l3 • + 2 t 3 ti 7 5 ~ 2 3 5 4 3 2 .. 3 t 2 3 3 4 2 2 + + i;--· l 2 • ' t+74jl4,+2~~33•2~3+ +? 3 l Q • 11 * +~'2loo5C7~3++) +:Z+ + + +2 + H * lu * 244~bb233b247++~4j+2+ 2 422+++ Q ~ + 9 • ++3333<t~4+47523?+2+32 33+ ++2 2 2·1.~- a • +333J<t3u4 333243+ j +~+ + 2 ++ Q * 7 • 2+)33•21 J~3+3 ++J2J~·~ +i ~·+ t+ 0 • 0 • t 24 2+3~22+~22+++++34+4+ ++2 ++ l+ + u • ~ * Z2+~+3532Z+ +++ 3 2:;++2 2+22+2++++ 2+ +- * 't * +t22.:ll+2 3Jh+2~+3 !~ ++~+++++ +++ s • 3 * 2 5 5+7<.+22 42+5+ 2~L+32 Zi +~ + + + U + 2 * 2 2 + 2323+ ~2 +22++ 3+++ ++ +2+2 + Lf * 1 • + +U•~JPN•J5KJtGMQriJOFG50~FrlLG1~SG~DqKGB70 • • ~NO

····~~::::::::::::::::::··~···········¥··:f~o····· .L. 2ll~.L~lllll 0 l.Lllllllll twlM

plane. All rromenta are included

0 Q.9d7b5432lii}tl/t;5432~0i.<:'.H,b7oYOll345b789 ._,_@!'_•_·· -4.0 -~ * . . . 31;':/.1 d3? l 31

+ [NTR1i:S • 4;>J2b l'LtH ----_,;;~1---------I---------+ SATUt<ATiJ~ AT• . 3l 358 I 3?b7 1- 427 *SCALE ,,+,2,3,,,,, ~,o, ,TkTLSTICS ---------I---------1---------* ST~P • l * MIN1MU1•0 31 1 d~? l 3~

POS1TRUN Y E~ITTAN~t

Hdi.JO~

Cr!AtmE LS . Tl\~tA AB I• UVl: l't, 25 1 i!. 5 12. 75 1 ,: 11. 2 ~ :i.e. 5

r u a i.H uAl t 'ei!./04/ l;

iO J c, '- ;: J 4 0 A l N l<!J45b/•Jli;:2J45..ifJ'IC.2J';<;o/,-,Jl2J41H'l7tl9(;-V---a********•****••*•*••+*••*••••+*•****************** • ,. • AdN * * F'IFGJ.t-it~Jrtl,l.l,..ll111!LLl-CJIJHlJ[•UQN•~<JPS* * * OVt * + ++ +t+2Z2 Z+ l3 + 2 23 +2 2 3++2 12++ 7 * 4U • * ~ 23+ + :~2~+22+3+~+2 ++ ~~ ++6~54+2 3 • 3~ + J ++t + 22 ~ l? +2+2~ •• J+z,, 2+~243+2 + + Ja • ~ + + ~+ ~+ ~J~tt+4+ ++J~ + ~;+u4323+2+ • 37 + M tt t t+++ t+ +2<::.J :,+~ 3+2~4~+4 3++':>+21>+ ·--· + Jo + • + 3+~+ ++ 2+Z+++~++~c~+2!3~~3o34 2+ + 3' • Q + ++ 2~ + +233+++3+4 4 4423+226+33 + • 34

Fig. 37.

i'l d = j 3

Positron PopJlation 9, 7; 9 B, 2:. 7. 5 Co 7 ~ t, 5.25 4, 5 3,75 3 2,25 l.. 5

• * + 2++ +•~++ b2~3J b114b2Zb754433 22+ * j3 • j 532+ j+ 2++2225++2232 542344 4+ 32

of the y-y' phase space at the focal

• 7 5

• 7 !; .... 5 2.25 3 3, 7 5 4, 5 5, 25 0 t.75 1. 5 b.25 9 4.75 .. (;, ~

11.25 12 12.7~ i ;i. 5 14. 2' 15

UrlD

LJw-u.JbL

•

• M ++ 224 Jj 3 33l)42~JJ2+Jl~26~3J+ * 31 f l 2 +2 2+.:::+2T2+ + .!+)~ lf4jJj) i 72+-t • JU * M t +2l3;l+t34l~4h~,,~3~,7l++3+ * 2~ * K 2++ ++2+tt+3't++3J2b4HJ !: 75o7d22 ·-.--;< 2ci • H 4+ 3 2J22+o~~~4777bab53+ * 27 • 7 2+ 3 2 4+J 3223243~372Ab52!+ * 26 * N 2+~2 ++ 32 Jd~b)~Ao7,3doU22J+ • z, * E ++ l 2+++aj25~G4:77~[Fd6J732 24 * b +522+l2o+5+i~581aEtKMU)j3+ + l3 o 2 + ++3~t. 3j4l1~~KKUFA7+++ + 22 • + + t ~ ++SLQSTMA452 * 21 + Z'>tHt\l~CFt.5J++ + ---· * ZU * +Z+~FtJUtlitt>~u•il'+~.;3+++++ + * 19 + 24tAL~FUl774~6+3++++4+++ t 3 * ltl * +455A6U~jltb~5+2+ 2243+ +2 b . * 17 + + +3~E;7'l90642Zb4+433 +4++ -++ ·-.~~. l& * + + 2ob74lbA~••·J+4+ ++•2+2 +3+2 H * l~ + •4:;~l: lJF5Jt'·2~Nt~•.J 33 2J+24++ * + 14 * +t33J~At>4J•~773j2l3 J+3++2 ++2 0 + 13 * + J!'l5427tl5334+72;:3+Jt! Zt+ 2 +2··0--• ll • + ~+~+L744+~2••2L~+43) ++3+2 + +2 H * 11 * ++2749'tj /t2 34 4+++t+ +2223++ 2+ K. + lG • ···~4tl,437•34+43l 3+)J+++ + 2 2 0 * 9 * +222322•4~33432433~+?3 ++2+2+++ + * • 8 • 3+2b3+5J2++424 2+45+ 3+~++ + 22+ +3 • * 7 + • 22J4j++2+2~2~:4L+~++ 22 34++ 22 T + 6 • +25~2 44 23++2c34++22+ • j 222 +2 3 k • ~ • + 22+2;i~~-.2:; 2+3 74 ~3l+++• ~ ~+j 2+:;+ +++ R-'-• " • 3 +3+2+++l++~2+2&+~!+ 2 + + + + I * 3 • 3 2+3+ 4++42~3++++253 +~~+ +2 2 2+ ++ K * 2 * A 2+32 +2J+4 2 +2+2++2 +!~ +++ 2+ H * l * • *H~P*T~~J•S•TlLPGMKfJij11.L~JiiEHGAHldt9FHG * • J~D ····:::::::::::::~::::::··········~·······"J."***' 1, Zll.111111.J. 0 1i .. 1 .. 1llll """"' o 09d7654>l!lv-1:J1t>,4321u1~J4~t>7:1<J0123't567e9· ~···

plane. 1\11 rranenta are included

-:J.0 31};:"' I 84i 1 31 ~luT ----... ll!l!!!!!Tl---------1---------* tNTkiiS • 4o~28

---,.· SATURATIO'I AT•- - 31 - H--·- --.. 17 . I 3 bl 4 .... ·- --1- -401 - ... - .. $TATIST .CS -------~1---------1---------

31 I b32 I 31 • SCALE ,,+,z,3,,,,, A1J1 + STiP • 1 • M1111MU1•~

ELECTRON ( E"M. IN 110'1 CIJT

H!'IOOK ID = 10f> fl A TE 82/04/13 NO = 3'i

CiANNELS 10 U 0 1 2 3 4 0 A ·· ···· · 1 N 12345678'!012345671\'lJ 12345!'>7 eqo123r.5678'lll--v-tr

I •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ABN 'f'N.. " Afl~ OVEft\ .. " t a__++ 2 ?.+ + t.. • OVF

11+.2<; • ,,, - ......... ---·-· r.o 13. i; • t , t ' .. 3'l 12.1i; • I ,.. • 311 12 .. + .. 37 11. 25 • + I + + \ • 3"i 1 0. <; • I " + .. ~c;

q. 7r; • + I + \ + .. ~4 'l .. + • .. 3~ 8.2<; • 2 +/ + + +\ --- .. 32

Fig. 38. No. of Electrons (72)

7. 5 • , ' • 31 6. 75 .. 2 t + 2 + ' .. 3 0

captured within an horizontal accep-

I -

I ,_

6 .. + + I + + <• 2'l 5. 25 • + + · I • + 2 + + \ - 211 4.5 • \ .. 27 3. 75 • 2 I +. .. .. 2 • ,,,, 3 • .. 25 2.25 • + \ ---· ?4 1. 5 • ~ + + + + ' • 23

• 75 • I + + 2 2 .. 2 , • 2'.> • + • + 1 ··2·•#·• 21

.1s • I •?.+ -- 20 1.c; • I + + • I .. 1'l 2.25 • + + I .,. 111 3 • \ • t • 17 3. 75 • + + + f t · • H 4.5 .. \ I . • 1c; 5.25 .. \ t + + • 1!+ n " ++ I+ •u 6. 75 • ++ + , + • 12 7.5 • + + + + • 11 6. 25 • \ ++ f • 10 'l .. ,.. + " q q, 75 • + + I+ ·--.. 8

10.c; • \ / .,. 1 11.25 • \ + • + .. 6 12 • + \ + + + I 2 • c;

tance of 20 1( nm-wrad and A E/E ~ :t 5%

around 5 GeV

. 12. 7<; .. ' / -- .. !+ I - 13o5 .. + ' "' 1' l

14.25. + ' "" .. ;> 1i; • ... ___ .,, • t UNO • .. + t+ + +++ + + + + +t ·~·UN'l ....................................... .................. ~-•~f'r•

LilW-EOGE --------------------0 2.0 • ,. 1. 21111111111 11111111!1 {Fft!'N'\ r O'l~7f.'j!t3210'lfl765!+321012345678'l01234567~'l .

• -2.0 ' ENTRio5 = 301 • SATUR~TION AT= 31 '" SCALE • ,t-,2,J,. ,. , A,B, IJ t"TJ:O - 1 4 MT,.,,T~ltM-n

PLOT

STATISTrr.s

31 I t2 I 31 ---------1---------r---------1z----r ~g I 7 ---------I---------1---------~t I 11 T ~1

ELECTRON f EM. IN MOM CIJT

HBO OK

C-tANNELS

ABN\"\~ DVE

14.25 13.5 12.75 12 11.25 10.5

q.75 q

ro = 107 OATE 112/04/13

10 IJ 0 1 2 1 4 0 A 1 N t2l45678q0123456711q012345&78901234567890 v--9---•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • A flN • • • 2 • +?. + • + • " O V" • ,..,,.,.-~....._ - ~-.~--· 4fi ,. ... • + ,, + ' • 3q • / ' • JR • I ,. ·---• .. -- ..,, • I ' '% " " • I • ' " ..,,, • • • \ " 34 • + I • + " 31

Fig. 39.

MO = 3fi

No. of Electrons (84)

II. 25 7. 5 6. 75 6

• 3 I 3 • \ ----• 3? capture:l within a vertical acceptance

5. 2 5 4. c; 3.75 3 2.25 1.s

• 75

• 7r; 1.5 2.25 3 3.75 4.5 5.25 6 6. 7<; 7.5 11. 2 5 q q.75

10.c; 11.25 12 12. 75 13.5 14.25 15

UNO

LJW-EDGE

•

• 2 I + • \ • 3t • • • • • \ • 30 • I • 2q • • \ " - 211 • 2 ' •2•• + \ • 27 • • I + • \ • 2& .. " 2-• ' • • • \ ··---· 2~ " • I + 2+ ++ + ++ I • 21 " t • • • + + • I " ... • 22 • •3• • '·":-J • 21 • I •• + + - + I ·-- 20 • \ + + + ++ + + I " 19 .. ' + •• + , .. 1~ • +? + .. 17 • \ • • I ---. tn • + + • • I z • 1:; .. ' • 14 • \ • + I !:...:_ __ • n • \ • I + • 12 • .. 11 • + \ + + ++/ 2 .. 19 • ~? ., 2" q • •" +- • R • • \ + I • 1 " \ + I • <, " + ' I z• 5 • • ' + z .. -- 4 • ' ~ " 3 • ' ,; .. 2 • '"----- • 1 " " + • + + + 2 +• -IE:·-uNn ····:::~~~~:~~:::~::~:~~···· ·············i·o~11r 1. 21111111111 1111111111 "~ 0 096765432109876543210123 .. 567890123456789-·

of 20 11" nm-rnrad and 6 E/E = :!' 5%

around 5 C-,eV

-2.0 31 I 10 I ll • ENTRio5 = 301 PLOT ---------I---------I---------" SATUR~TION AT= 31 13--r qi; I 12 •SCALE .,+,2~J,.,., a,9, • STFP = 1 " MINIMlJM=n

ST ~TISTICS ---------r---------r---------11 I g I ~1

PJSIT~ON K ~M. IN MOM CtJT

ID = 108

10 u 0 1 2 J

HBOOK

_C_HANNELS .. o-i~ 1 N 12345678q012345678901234<;67890123456789U v- D

nATE

J .................................................. . ABN • • Afl'I OVE""C-0. • • + ++ + --- +2 t 2++ + • • OVE

11t.25 " + + ' +"' •~ • - •h·•r •- 40 13.5 " ,,, ' ·2.-.. 3q 12. 75 • • , '+ +····- -- .. 311 12 • I \ + - • 37 11.25 • I --.- 35 10. 5 • , + + .. 35

82104113 NO = 37

Fig. 40. No. of Positrons (100)

g. 75 • • ' + \._ " 3 .. q " + I + ++ ' + • 3l captured within a horizontal acceptance

,---. I

I I

r-·- -' . !

' ' . I -I •

8.25 • ' + \ ·- 32 7 .5 • I \ • 3t 6. 75 : 2 ~ + + + \ + .;{'\ -.. 30 & • + \ """' -• 2q i;.25 • • I + ++22+ - ---- - 2R ... c; • I + + + + , .. ?7 3. 75 " + + ' .. 2 ~ 3 • + + + + 2 \ .. 2? 2.25 .. + ----~ - ·- 21t 1. 5 • 2 + _/' .. 23

.15 • + +2+ I c:: .. • 22 • f 2+ I _,..,.,,.. 21 ,t~Jlt\r''"' • 1r:; • I - · 22++ + - -- I --------- ---- 20

1.5 " t ++? + + I " 1'! 2.25 " ++2+ 2 2 " 111 3 " \ .3 H t- 2 " 17 3.75 • \ ++ +2 + + I --~·-- 15 l+.5 • + • • •• .. 15 5. 25 • , 2 • .. + + I 2:.... .. 1 .. 6 • • + • . • 13 6. 75 • \ .. • --- 12 7.5 • \ • 11 s.2r; • f • 10 g " \ + + I + + ,. q

' • q. 7r; • \ 2 + ++ I+ -z--:-----• II • 10.r; • ++ , + 3 .. 7

i • 11. 25 • + \ ,. + • >> • ~ ' • 12 " + + '\ t- I +xT- • 5 1-~- £j:~5 : ' + ', ) .,, :-- ~ i • 11+. 2 5 • + ' ,, , + " 2 I - 15 :r. .....____ • 1

. UNO " T +3t- + 2 2• 2+2++ 2•+ + -"-$ UNO ........................................... ··········J-, _;_~,----- -------- ---------o l.O ,-,.. .. 1. 21111111111 1111111111 iiif\M a oq~7554321098765432101?345671190123456789

LJW-EOGE

of 20 'II' mn-mrad and d E/E = :t 5%

around 5 GeV

• -2.0 31 I 13 I 31

" fNTRr:s = 343 • SATIJR\TION AT= 31 • SCALE .,+,2,3,.,., A,R, • <:;TFP : 1 • MTMT'<ll"-n

f'l OT

STATI<;TICS

---·-·--·I---------I---------n I 124 I 17 ---------1---------1---------,a T ~l T 7•

PJSITRON f EH. IN H0'1 CIJT ._...,.,....,..___

HBOOK ro = 10'! :JATE 82/0lt/13 NO = '~ :HANNELS 10 tJ 0 1 2 1 It o<A

- 1 N 1231t5fJ78'l01231t5678'lOt231t56711'!01234?678'lOlrft-I ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

A B N <'o.GI " • Afl 'l ovEf" • • 2 •-t.t 2 + 3 22• • s • ov::

11t.2'> • 2 + - -.... -,--~-• ltO 13. <j • + / + ' + • Jq 1 2. 7? " , ' + • ·3 R 12 " , " + • 17 11.2<; • + / • \ + ---. 3n Fig. 41. No. of Positrons (111) 1 0. 5 • I + + '+ + • 35 q. 75 " • \ .. 34 q • I + + \ . • 3J captured within a vertical acceptance B. 25 " • • + \ ----• 32 7.5 • 2 •• \ • 31 a • ; _ :t 5o i;.75 • 2 t + ++ . • 30 of 20 1( rrm-rnrad an ll EE - ~ 6 • ' • ' · .. -- . .. 2'l 5.25 • 3 + f + + • \ --.- 28 around5GeV 4. 5 • l I • • • • •• • \ • '?1 3. 75 • • t • 2~ 3 " + + + H + \ • 25 2.25 • • + I 2 23• + 1 21, 1. 5 • I 2 2++ •• I • 23

• 75 • + ' • • + 2 • • .. 22 • ' •3+ ' -- • 21 .75 " •• +2•• -, . -~- .. - 20

1.r::, " \ + 2 • • • t .. 1'l 2.25 • ••• +2 + I + " 111 l • ••• •• I • 1r 3.75 • ' ••• + . -.,--.. -... 15 4.5 • •• ., • •·.• 1'> 5.25 " \ • t + • • ' 2 .•.•• lit 6 • 2+ +; • il 6.7'> " \ •t I +- 12 7.5 " + + t " 11 11.25 • ,.. I "10 'l " • + .. q

'l.7<; " \ + -· ~ 1 o. <; • I • 7 11.25 " + , ·.·· .. ~ 12 • • + ... ; • <; 12. 75 " + • • • ~ • 3 • " 13.5 • ' , • l 11+.25 • 'v ..,., • 2 1 '; • + .. + -- - t .. 2 • i

UNO • tJ • 2 2 • 2 ••• • • • - •iill!\%i• -u11m .................................................. ,:,,.. L'.lW-EDGE -------------------- 0 l.0 ,- -

1. 21111111111 1111111111 ll!iil'fttl 0 0 9B 76'>1t3:> 10'!8 7 651t32101231+ 5678'!01231+567 gq·

• ..Z.0 31 ! 1 7 I 2 8 • ENTRio5 = 31+3 PLOT ---------!---------!---------• SATUR~TION AT= 31 17 I --11+0 T 10 • SCALE .,+,2,3,.,., A,R, STATisrrr,s ---------1---------r---------• STEP = 1 • MINIHUH=O 30 I 14 I 31

i I •

i I

·!

tlt1. Tt<Uf\ A t.1o ld MJl"1 1.ul

HilOOK i J • l .... () uoTt d</\;4/li !>.; ! l = j .J

CrlANN~L~ l~ U C • ~ .l 4 0 A

AtltiY'I\- I fJV~ ~ l4o z:; l 3o' ... 2 0 7 ~ 12 l'l lo .: :; o. 5

11. 7 5 9 a o 2:; 7.5 g. 7:;

'· l:'. ~ 4., 3. 75 3 2o 2 5 lo 5

• 7 ';I

1 N ld't,v7J'lu1~.l~:d,fcJ'l0~.~j~~"7 ! 1Jl~.14!lo789()--::V-S

·············~·····~······························ * + l\dN + L .. - _.. t .. t G * <IV t •+ .,- .......... + + -----+ 4G • ~ .... * 3'-1 • , ' + + • .ld • + , ' • 37 * I ' ------ * .lo + I + \ + 31)

• ' \ • 34 ' \ --- • 3 3

I \ + -----• 32 * * I \ * 31 t + 30

' \ • 29 I \ --- • za I t ' • 27 t + tt+t • 2b

I + + ++ + ' • 25 t ++ I * 24

I • ++ + ++4,: , • 23

I ++ • • ;z + ++t I • 21

I I -~-- * 2L

* * • • • • + • + * • * • • *

Fig. 42. No. of Electrons (69)

captured within an horizontal acceptance

of 20 'IC' rrm-rnrad and .1 E/E ; :t 5%

around 10 GeV

,1 -

• l 5 .i. 5 2.25 3 3.75 ... ~

• • • •

I + + t t I ·- * l'I +• t + cf + 18 ' + + + +/ +N * 17

' t+ - - • 16

' .. .. I 3 • l' '

i

·I ·I I

' .. ~ 5 t b.75 7o5 o. 2 5 9 <;. 75

J. 0. 5 11. 2:> J.2 l 2o 7 ~ 13.5 14. 25 15

UNO

LlJW-tOGL

• + t + • 14 + • lJ

\ + + +I ---- • 12 ' .. I . 11 \ t+ t + lU

• \ + • 9

* I • " • +\ + + + 7 + i\ + +• I + * o • .... •' z • ' • ., " ~--. 4

• • * •

* ., #' • 3

• .......... ·-" • 2 • --- .,,. • 1 + F + + t + + t * J~v ····~:~!~::~::::~~:~~:~:o···~~·~···*······z:o····· lo 2llll1Lll~l _ Ll;ll!llll - ....... O C9d76,431-lv io7u~•.J2h.~.l~'of,1-101234!ib789----:-+s·

+ _ _ -2.0 iiiflC~ ---------1---------I---------* STEP • 1 * M•NlMU1•0 15 I o 1 21

E:LlC fK0N '( cMo u, .1UM .Jl

ti3JJ~ iJ = ".; l d~fl:' d~/J4/ll .~,j ~ j_1

CrlAt•l•EL5 .1.C U O i .' J 4 0 A

-

i I< ld45"r,,·1:.;.z:i45Dfc'Jl..~ j·1~..,7 J lul234!lt>7tl90-v--1l·

~ ···.•*****"'****•**••***•••········ .. •••••••••••••••• AflN * + AJ>j OVE~ l<N +t ++ F *1VE: 14. ~ 5 * - - -....... * 4 0 l j, 5 * , ,,. .. * 3 9 ... 2,7, * , "-, • 3~ 12 • , \ + • 37 11,25 + I ·~· ;Jt;; 11... , * 1' + ', * j :1

9,7'j * * H 9 * I + \ t * 33 6, 25 * I t + 3~ 7.~ • + ,. ' 1 + ' * 31 o, 7~ • • ~O 6 • 2 ' t ' • ~ .. ~.2.~ * + t t ··----. ~t3 4.5. * + I • + ' • 21 3, 7:> • I I * 26 3 • \ * 2~ ~.l5 • f •• +++ 1 - * 24 i.:, .. + + + 2+• ' * ::.3

, 1~ * + I • .. • .; ...... + I * o:<! * I .... + • 21 • 7~

l. 5 2.2;, 3

* I .; I * Zll • I + l 9 • ' + + + • t.· • l~ * + •2. +, .. * 11

Fig.43. No. of Electrons (68)

capture'! within a vertical acceptance

of 20 'I( rrm-mrad and d E/E = ;t 5%

around 10 GeV

i -3. ·15 4.5 5,25 6

* ' .. + + ., • 16 • ' + • l,

! I

-

b. 15 7.5 b, 25 9 9.75

11.. 5 11. <'. ~ 12 12.75 13.5 t~.2~

UNO

• \ • z t I • 14 • t + + I • Ll

• + ·--·· l;. • \ + ,. + I * il * \ + ,. I + * lv * \+ I + * 9 + + \ + I -,:--+ ~

* • I * 7 • ' + • +. 6 • ' + , • :. • .. t ,. ---··· 4 • ', , * 3 • "' • 2 • '-.--- * J. * M t + ·• J~D

LiJ•-ti)u£ •. **~~~~~~::~~~::~~::.:::~,.'I- 4-,,. ;c ~ ....... ~ ··* *•. )~o·· ... l, 211111U.l11 <) l l .1..o. l 1111 l MW\ 0 ~987654321J~U76~43..'.•0~~J4Jb/d~Oll345676" ··

• -z.o 1 4 l 15 * lNTRlcS • 177 *SATURATION AT·· 31

PL :.JT 1---------1---------·r 15· ·1---0 · • sc~u: .,+,z,~, ... , ~,1, * STiP • l + M1NI~Ui•~

:..fAf1~TICS ---------r---------1---------22 I 2 r 25

lSlTrt1'1!~ J.. L.,. l'-1 11J~-1 .. IT

,) [)f<. CD • ' .. "- " _)

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~ •• * ....... * ~ ** ••• .,, ...... *,. ..... * ........ ·····.·.·.······.a .. -.. · .. · .. "·.·.· ... •.· ••••••••• ABN + ··:'• •·· * OY'lfl\<y,.. >I< L + + +__ %&,:Wi1 + F *

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+ • • • • •

UATl 8i_/04/l3 NO = 37

Pia. 44. No. of Positrons (45)

.... 1, + + 1 t \

9 ' * t + * *

AtlN 'JV E

4G 3 'i 3~ 37 3b 3? j ..

33 32 31 j.: 2'7 2~ 2 7 2,, 2 '.) 24 23 !. 2 ~i 2U 19 l~ 17 lb i ::l ~4 13

captured within an horizontal acceptance tj• c:'. ~ • I \ 7,'J • ' t-J,75 ., , +\ (.; .,, ! ? , • + + t \__

'''-~. \ 't.'.J • t , t t t '

"· f5 • , ... + 3 • • + ' 2.<:'.i • I t ·1-1.:. • ' '

• 75 • • •• I * I + + + • 7 '.;;

.1. • !; i. 2? 3 3,'f'j 4. 5 •· . ) 1-.;..i I L .I

b b.7~ 7. :,. 8. ? ~ 9

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" ' I * ---• ' I * \ t I . \ ... ' • t I • \ I • + I

;.

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--------------------0 ~.o ~ll.lllllll 1111111111 '(" ~ 0'"1:: 7.,~,d.?h 'lJfo5<>321J1':'.3't'.JIJf''.10 :Z3't,6781 ..... 0-Cll

of 20 "If rrrn-mrad and 6 E/E = j' 5%

around 10 CxN

-2.0 21 I ., l l~ Ei'ITRlcS = 13' PL JT ---------·---------·---------SATU~\TlJ'i AT• ,,__ to I 53 I 4 SCAL1.. .,•,l,,J,,_,,, ~'-'' ~1.;11 .r1cs ---------L---------1---------.::, TE t' :z .... • :1 l I l ·i u · ~ = ~- 13 [ J l l~

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• 75

LJ = J.J -.J

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Fig. 45. No. of Positrons (44)

captured within a verticaJ acceptance

of 20 1( rrm-mrad and d E/E = .t 5%

around 10 C',eV

j -

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