Fenesration Insight

Feb - Apr 2014 Issue 04Volume 01

India’s first magazine on fenestration and Façade

India’s first magazine on fenestration and Façade

FuturexLet’s Build The Future Together.

ADRIAN SMITH & GORDON ARCHITECTURE

Zaha Hadid, founder of Zaha Hadid Architects

Dear Readers:

I would like to express my gratitude towards your support to Fenestration Insight Magazine. It is your love which has given us encouragement to bring the best of the knowledge from world best sources.

I am presenting a fourth issue of Fenestration Insight Magazine after the successful launch of the first three issues of the magazine. As Mr John Naisbitt rightly said that we are drowning in information but starved for knowledge. My aim therefore is to give you the knowledge which will be useful for the Construction Fraternity & Suppliers of Fenestration & Façade Industry. My goal is to create a new forum for exchange of information on all aspects of fenestration and façade and we have been constantly trying to achieve it.

In the fourth issue of Fenestration Insight I am bringing forth the information which will act as a useful piece of knowledge for my readers. I have covered the work of most renowned Architects of the world. Fenestration Insight fourth issue gives you an interesting insight into the work of Lord Norman Foster, Adrian Smith & Gordon Gill, Architect Zaha Hadid and interesting Façade material used for controlling pollution. Please look in for more interesting articles.

There have been sincere & dedicated efforts of the entire team in bringing this issue, I appreciate & thank. I would like to express my considerable appreciation to all of you who have submitted papers for this issue of Fenestration Insight magazine. It is your generous contribution of time and effort that made this issue possible. It is also our readers whose suggestions have helped in making each issue a better one. I would like to encourage our readers to consider sharing their thoughts and feedback to make this magazine fruitful to the industry. On a heavy demand by the Architects & the industry I would like to share that the circulation has now increased to 5000 copies.

Thank you for reading.

Hope that the edition helps you to lighten up your knowledge.

Delhi, India

PREM ANVESHI Editor in Chief

welcome

what’s inside? Volume :01, Issue :04 • Feb - April 2014

Different Calculation of Structural Silicone Sealant Glueline Thickness

Dow Corning launches Centre for Construction Expertise to provide training tailored for India

40 58EPDM Gaskets - An integral part for any window system

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Worldwide Events38

Talks to Fenestration

InsightRajeev Antony,

Managing Director, Schüco India Solar &

Windows Pvt. Ltd.,

The living Façade

The Khan Shatyr Entertainment Centre Astana, Kazakhstan

4Feb - April 2014

Revolutionary Hospital Façade: for treating the air pollution

Zaha Hadid, founder of Zaha Hadid Architects

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Publisher and Editor : Prem Anveshi

Editor : Namit Gupta

Art Editor : Aabid Surti

Supervising Editor : Nidhi Sharma

Associate Editor : Ekta Modak

Content Editor : Akanksha Dass

Editorial Coordinator : Fathima Prem

Graphic Designer : Dhilip babu

Associate Graphic Designer : Sandeep Rajput

Fenestration Insight102/107, 1st Floor, Vardhaman Plaza 8, LSC,Omaxe House, Kalkaji, New Delhi-110019Tel: (+91) 011 2622 4721-24 General Enquiry : [email protected]: [email protected]:[email protected]

www.fenestrationinsight.com

FuturexLet’s Build The Future Together.

5Feb - April 2014

Revolutionary Hospital Façade: for treating the air pollution

Pollution had always been a problem in Mexico City, especially in 1986 when a large number of birds dropped dead from the skies. The air had improved since then. “The design is said to be inspired by natural shapes. It’s similar in appearance to corals.”

The Berlin-based design firm created the facade for the Torre de Especialidades building of the Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, using Prosolve370e tiles containing titanium dioxide gives a solution to smog & encourage healthy living.

Smog(smoke and fog to refer to smoky fog )is a contemporary problem in this age of environmentalism, affecting cities worldwide from Beijing to Los Angeles, usually highly toxic to humans and can cause severe sickness, shortened life or death. Sunlight can contribute to smog’s presence by combining with industrial fumes in the atmosphere. Modern smog, as found for example in Los Angeles, is a type of air pollution derived from vehicular emission from internal combustion engines and industrial fumes that react in the atmosphere with sunlight to form secondary pollutants that also combine with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog. . The designers created the facade using tiles called Prosolve370e that contain titanium dioxide, better known as a key ingredient in sunscreen. Elegant Establishments’ method will have sunlight hitting the building tiles causing the smog to react with the material. The reaction cause pollutants to break down into substances that are less toxic such as water, calcium nitrate and carbon dioxide. Curved open-weave tiles then spread the reaction over 27,000 square feet.

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prosolve370eTM is a decorative architectural module that reduces air pollution in urban environments. The modules are a functional, yet highly decorative modular ornament that achieve a synergy between design form and molecular technology. Inspired by fractals in nature, the undulating shapes maximize the surface area of active coating to diffuse light, air turbulence and pollution.

Conceived to contrast with prevailing ideas of architecture as something immobile and permanent, the modules are fabricated with maximum material efficiency from leight weight plastics, then coated with a photo-catalyst. prosolve370e modifies existing surfaces, essentially “tuning buildings” to respond better to their immediate environments. As a modular system, prosolve370e can expand and contract according to context, reaching the endless visual varieties of physical structures in the city.

elegant embellishments ltd. was formed in 2006 in London to investigate and develop new materials and methods for the quick modification of existing buildings and spaces. These modifications are used to ‘tune’ buildings, converting previously inert surfaces into active surfaces that can meet new challenges set by a rapidly changing world.

prosolve370eTM has been exhibited in the 2008 Venice Architecture Biennale, 2010 Design Triennial at the Cooper Hewitt National Design Museum, 2009 DMY Allstars, and is part of the Permanent Collection of the Cooper Hewitt National Design Museum.

Some key points about prosolve370eTM:

• effectively reduces air pollution (NOx,VOCs, SO2, and FPM)

• is a modular system of few tooled parts

• forms decorative, non-repetitive patterns for facades

• is made from lightweight thermoformed plastic panels

• is a standardised system for exterior and interior applications

• is semi-customizable to project conditions

• is an innovative, eco product

prosolve370eTM depolluting tiles

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Depolluting Technology

The modules contain superfine titanium dioxide (TiO2), a pollution-fighting technology that is activated by ambient daylight. This is the nano version of conventional TiO2 commonly used as pigment. The highly surface enlarged structure of superfine TiO2 creates photo catalytic activity resulting in self-cleaning , germicidal as well as depolluting qualities. Only small amount of naturally occurring UV light and humidity are required to effectively reduce air pollutants into harmless amount of carbon dioxide and water.

When positioned near pollution sources, the modules break down and neutralize NOx (nitrogen oxides), VOCs (volatile organic compounds), SO2, and fine particulate matter directly where they are generated.

The design of the tiles is generated to maximize the coating technology, achieving new levels of surface area and complexity, capturing omni directional light where light is dense or scarce. The sculptural surfaces maintain an inherent synergy between design form and the molecular technology.

1 Combustion engines emit harmful toxins such as NOx and VOCs while running, and also emit VOCs, ozone and particulate matter while resting. A photocatalytic screen positioned between cars and people would trap and filter many of the harmful by-products of combustion engines. 2 depolluting city: situations for depollution and decoration in an urban environment.

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1 vertical rail substructure2 module “I” back (I-1)3 module “I” front (I-2)4 module “X back (X-1)5 module ”X” front (X-2)6 module ”P-end” back (P-1)

prosolve370eTM 1200 Series

7 module “P-end” front (P-2)8 Inter-tile Joint9 Mega Panel End Joint10 Pentagon bracket11 Tri-Con Plate

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prosolve370eTM at Hospital Manuel Gea Gonzales, Tlalpan, Mexico D.F.

The first of its kind: a new depolluting facade for the surgery building Torre de Especialidades in Mexico City. The 2500m2 quasicrystal facade is composed of prosolve370e modules architectural modules with photocatalytic pollution-fighting technology.

The facade is a 100m long, curved screen along a busy arterial in Tlalpan, in the southern quarter of the city. Torre de Especialidades will significantly contribute medical research, teaching and service to the population with cutting-edge techniques.

prosolve370e was chosen by the hospital in part for its anti-microbial, de-polluting effect, as well as providing visual complexity, memorable in form, as a counter to the city’s air pollution problem.

1,2 and 3 Completed depolluting facade, January, 2013

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prosolve370eTM at Hospital Manuel Gea Gonzales,Tlalpan, Mexico D.F.

Project: Depolluting Quasicrystal Facade Hospital Manuel Ge Gonzalez, Tlalpan, Mexico CityCompletion: April, 2013Client: ICA, S.A.B. de C.V.Structural Engineering: Buro Happold New YorkMaterial Testing: Kiwa MPA Bautest GmbH, TU Berlin Fraunhofer IPA StuttgartConsultant: Joshua Socolar, Professor, Physics, Duke UniversityProject Size: 35,000m²Size of Prosolve Facade: 2500m²

1,2 and 3 Completed depolluting facade, January, 2013

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prosolve370eTM at Hospital Manuel Gea Gonzales, Tlalpan, Mexico D.F.

Prototypes for the prosolve370e 1200 Series were installed onto the facade at the thermoforming factory in Ulm. The installation comprises four “Mega Panels” corresponding to the top left corner of the Hospital facade in Mexico City.

Testing for the series was carried out at the TU Berlin, in collaboration with Buro Happold Engineers New York.

Installation instruction was provided by our team at the building site in Mexico City.

1 and 4 Prototype installation at he thermoforming factory in Ulm 2 Aluminum tool for the X-tile. 3 “Pentagon bracket” connecting the module to the steel substructure. 5 Facade drawing locating connection points from the pattern onto the steel verticals. 6 Installation training with the team in Mexico City.

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How does Schüco cater to the Architects and the Developers, like the Architects come up with roofing Systems and curtain wall systems? Is it more beneficial and do you think that the Architects are actually using Schüco products.

Schüco sells tested and certified systems that raise the bar of the reliability and provide assurance to the Architects and developers in the Industry as a result they show trust in the products offered by Schüco.

The main benefit of using Schüco is that you get the entire system from a single source whatever is required to cover the entire building cover, other than glass, all components are supplied by Schüco, from the screw to the consumables, even the glue is supplied by Schüco in addition to the Aluminium Profiles, Hardware and the Gaskets. Not only this, we supply pre-engineered products wherein we make sure that the product works together in a well-orchestrated manner to optimize the design & aesthetic needs.

We ensure the System Quality, Performance and Warranties directly. Irrespective to the contracts we involve ourselves at different phases of the projects, assuring the uniform quality of the Schüco products and performance. The same is with servicing the Architects and Façade Consultants; we work with the Architects to support the designs and inputs that are needed in terms of Façade and Designs systems tested and certified.

What are the major innovations coming up from Schüco?

Fenestration Industry moves very slowly, the designs and the trends followed in the west are adapted in a slow pace in the Indian market. For now, the usage of the Non-Insulated Doors and windows at a higher quality level has increased.

Earlier people were under the impression that if you are using Non-Insulated Doors and windows then you can buy some local aluminum, local accessories and local hardware to set up your own fenestration, but this is not the case anywhere anymore, as Schüco can supply high quality & reliable Non-Insulated systems to benefit the developers / investors / end clients for the money invested into fenestration of their building.

How the clients or end users be benefitedby using the products by Schüco?

Schüco aims at providing good structural stability, higher water tightness, wind resistance and sound insulation by using doubleglazed systems with a good performance and warrant certification that is one of the main benefitin terms of performance and innovations. These benefits combined with Non-Insulated systems provide the client & end users excellent value for money.

Schüco’s take on Aesthetic appeal of Doors and Windows.

When it comes to an Aesthetic appeal, people now prefer more visibility of the fenestration area, which involves more glass and less of Aluminum framework. Schüco systems are engineered in such a way that you do not have to compromise on your structural stability because Glass independently cannot be structurally stable, unless glass is supported by a strong system.

The innovations in the designs were done where the visibility area goes up and at the same time not compromising on the stability of the Doors and Windows.

Please share your knowledge about the new innovations in terms of Unitized Facades.

The conventional thinking about the Unitized Facades is, that these can be used by only the big scale Fabricators and big construction companies. But, we at Schüco have now come up with Unitized facades which can also be used by mid & small fabricators.

We have got the system which helps in every phase of fabrication and availability from a single source, it makes it easy for small and medium scale fabricators. This is a new skyline in the Indian Industry.

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Do we have some kind of Standards set for Aluminium windows in India?

At the moment we do not really have an official widely accepted standard in India. A good standard window is based on the European Norms (EN) formulated by European Aluminium Association; and for Facades and Unitized system we have the AAMA standards. We at Schüco are proud of our achievement that all the doors, windows, facades and sliders are as per the EN and AAMA standards respectively.

Our Products are tested by internationally renowned testing companies witnessed and certified by Indian and European third party agencies recognized by the Industry.

Schüco’s technologies focuses on people and the Harmony of Nature

“I should say: the house shelters day-dreaming, the house protects the dreamer, the house allows one to dream in peace.”

― Gaston Bachelard, The Poetics of Space

The statement made above elucidates that any building, whether a commercial or residential do incorporates emotions.

It involves and invokes lot of memories for both the creator and the resident.

Since, Schücois directly involved with the designers and creators of the building, they directly connect to the emotions of the end users with respect to their requirements and expectations.

Schüco stresses upon providing high performance and meeting the promises made, by delivering high water resistance, wind resistance and sound insulated products.

Further when we say that technology is for the people, by that we mean the ease that we are providing to them in terms of least maintenance and high comfort level,whether its door & windows or hardware and accessories by Schüco.

Products of Schüco not only save energy due to optimum insulation but also generate energy.

This is basically the solar technology and as of now aluminum is not capable of generating energy. And talking about the Solar Energy and applications we are not pursuing it in India for now.

19Feb - April 2014


Photo credit NAMGOONG SUN

20Feb - April 2014

CHICAGO, January 23, 2014 – Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture (AS+GG) has announced the public opening of the new head offices for the Federation of Korean Industries (FKI).

“FKI Headquarters represents a new exterior wall typology that both integrates significant quantities of photo voltaic panels into the exterior wall and slopes the vision glass at an angle that generates self-shading and allowing less reflective glass to be used. The result is a unique folded exterior texture that is both purposeful and distinctive” says Adrian Smith.

The 50-story, 240-meter tower features an innovative exterior wall, designed specifically for the project. The building’s unique skin will help reduce the internal heating and cooling loads and collect energy through photovoltaic panels that are integrated into the spandrel areas of the southwest and northwest facades. By angling the spandrel panels 30 degrees upward toward the sun, the design is able to maximize the amount of energy collected, generating enough power to help maintain the electrical systems throughout the tower core and the office spaces.

Just below the spandrel panels, the vision panels are angled 15 degrees downward toward the ground, minimizing the amount of direct sun radiation and glare. Together, the alternating spandrel and vision panels create a dynamically rippled façade that is both environmentally progressive and visually striking, giving the tower a unique architectural presence on the skyline.

The interior of the building takes advantage of the floor to ceiling windows of the exterior wall, offering an abundance of natural light to office spaces and corridors as well as extensive views of neighboring Yeoido Park, the Han River and the surrounding city of Seoul.

The completed tower includes several indoor garden/atrium spaces that enhance the workplace environment with natural elements of wood, bamboo and other native plants. The roof top atrium space features more custom photovoltaic panels.

“The ideal angle of the PV panel placement on the roof was studied in detail,” says Gordon Gill, “In a relatively unconfined space, PVs would normally be angled upward at 30 degrees but within the limited area of the roof, we determined that a 10-degree angle allowed for more panels to be installed closer together, minimizing the effect of the panels casting shadows on each other and ultimately producing more solar energy for the building.”

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AS+GG Partner Robert Forest adds, “The tower features one of the most efficient solar electric facades in the world in a cost effective manner, proactively expanding Korea’s goal of advancing renewable energy generation in buildings.”

The sculptural podium piece is located on central Yeoi-Dae-Ro Avenue, further promoting the tower’s public identity. The podium amenities, available for public use include a banquet hall, central restaurant and conference center. The podium will be available for international conferences with a large first floor banquet hall and smaller conference rooms of various sizes located on the second and third floors. The multi-purpose nature of the podium is another way that the FKI building will become a new city centerpiece for Seoul.

AS+GG collaborated with the engineering firms Thornton Tomasetti and Environmental Systems Design, as well as the local firm Chang-Jo Architects, on the project.

ABOUT ADRIAN SMITH + GORDON GILL ARCHITECTURE

Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture (AS+GG) is dedicated to the design of high-performance architecture in a wide range of typology and scale, from low- and mid-rise residential, commercial and cultural buildings to mixed-use supertall towers and new cities. The office uses a holistic, integrated design approach that explores symbiotic relationships with the natural environment. AS+GG is currently working on projects for clients in the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, China, and the United States. The partnership was founded in 2006 by Adrian Smith, Gordon Gill and Robert Forest. For more information, please visit smithgill.com.

ABOUT THORNTON TOMASETTI

Thornton Tomasetti provides engineering services to clients worldwide on projects of all sizes and complexity. Thornton Tomasetti is responsible for the structural design of some of the world’s tallest buildings, including the Petronas Towers, Taipei 101, Ping An International Finance Center in China and Federation Tower in Russia. The firm is committed to creating the best structural solutions through technical ingenuity, pursuit of excellence and responsiveness to client needs. Thornton Tomasetti has offices across the United States and in Asia, Europe and the Middle East. For more information, please visithttp://www.ThorntonTomasetti.com.

Adrain smith & Gordon Gill Architecture as design architect credits

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ABOUT CHANG-JO ARCHITECTS

Since 1984, Chang-jo Architects has been one of the leading professional architectural firms in Korea, providing total and comprehensive design services in architectural design, urban planning, landscape design, engineering and construction management. By possessing such an integrated core of services, they deliver to their clients the best service and value through intelligent design and advanced technology. Learn more about Chang-jo Architects at http://www.cja.co.kr

Adrian Smith HON. LITT. D., FAIA, OAA, AIBC, RIBA

Adrian Smith has been a practicing architect for over 40 years. His extraordinary body of work includes some of the world’s most recognizable landmark structures, including the Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai and the world’s tallest structure, Burj Khalifa in Dubai. His firm, Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture, is a leading expert in the advancement of technology in supertall towers and their impact on cities, and is currently working on the world’s next tallest building Kingdom

Tower, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia as well as planning a self-sustaining satellite city in Chengdu, China.

Adrian’s unique design approach emphasizes sensitivity to the physical environment. He considers each project holistically, taking into consideration site orientation, climate and geography, cultural and social influences to create highly sustainable projects that achieve contextualism within the global environment. Projects under his design direction have won over 110 major awards for design excellence, including five international awards, eight National AIA awards, 23 Chicago AIA awards, and two ULI Awards for Excellence. His work has been featured in major museums in the United States, South America, Europe, Asia and the Middle East.

Adrian has also written two books pertaining to his work as an architect: “Pro Architect 24: Adrian D. Smith” and “The Architecture of Adrian Smith, SOM: Toward a Sustainable Future.” Most recently, he co-founded PositivEnergy Practice, a consulting firm that designs and implements energy and carbon reduction strategies for clients around the world.

ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS DESIGN, INC.

Environmental Systems Design, Inc. (ESD) has provided engineering design solutions on thousands of buildings in the United States and throughout the world. With over 220 engineering and design professionals, ESD is one of the largest consulting engineering firms in the Midwest. ESD offers consulting engineering design services in mechanical, electrical, plumbing, fire protection, LEED, sustainable design, commissioning, and technology. ESD supports a diverse range of markets including commercial, health and science, education, mission critical, residential, assembly, cultural, theaters, energy plants, transportation and international. For more information, please visithttp://www.esdesign.com

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Gordon Gill FAIA, OAA, AIBC

Gordon Gill is one of the world’s preeminent exponents of performance-based architecture. His work, which ranges from the world’s largest buildings to sustainable communities, is driven by his philosophy that there is a language of performance: a purposeful relationship between formal design and energy/carbon performance.

A founding partner of award-winning Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture, Gordon’s work includes the design of the world’s first net zero-energy skyscraper, the Pearl River Tower (designed at SOM Chicago), and the world’s first large-scale positive energy building, Masdar Headquarters. These landmark projects achieve energy independence by harnessing the power of natural forces on site, striking a balance with their environmental contexts. Gordon’s designs also include performing arts centers, museums, single family homes and urban master plans across the globe.

His work has been published and exhibited widely in the U.S. and internationally and his designs have repeatedly been recognized by the American Institute of Architects. In 2009 he was selected as Chicago’s Best Emerging Architect by the Chicago Reader and in 2013 Gordon was elected to The College of Fellows at the American Institute of Architects. Prior to founding AS+GG in 2006, Gordon was an Associate Partner at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and a Director of Design for VOA Associates. Most recently, he co-founded PositivEnergy Practice, a consulting firm that designs and implements energy and carbon reduction strategies for clients around the world.

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ABOUT ADRIAN SMITH + GORDON GILL ARCHITECTURE

Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture is dedicated to the design of high-performance architecture and the creation of new paradigms for sustainable development. The office uses a holistic, integrated design approach that emphasizes symbiotic relationships with the natural environment. The firm also specializes in the design of high-performance supertall towers. AS+GG is currently working on projects in the Saudi Arabia, China, Korea, Canada and the United States. The firm was founded in 2006 by partners Adrian Smith, Gordon Gill and Robert Forest. For more information, please visit http://smithgill.com.

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32Feb - April 2014

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33Feb - April 2014

34Feb - April 2014

Cambuild10-09-2014 – 12-09-2014Phnom Penh, Cambodia

3rd Sri Lanka Windows and Doors International Expo 2014 03-10-2014 – 05-10-2014Colombo, Sri Lanka

Aluminium 201407-10-2014 – 09-10-2014Düsseldorf, Germany

Fenestration China 201406-11-2014 – 08-11-2014Beijing, China

Veteco07.05. – 10.05.2014Madrid, Spain

Montreal Manufacturing Technology Show (MMTS) 201412.05. – 14.05.2014 Montreal, Canada

VietBuild18-06-2014 – 22-06-2014Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

International Manufacturing Technology Show (IMTS) 201408-09-2014 – 14-09-2014Chicago, USA

GlassBuild America 201409-09-2014 – 11-09-2014Las Vegas, USA

35Feb - April 2014

2014WORLDWIDE EVENTS

36Feb - April 2014

EpDM Gaskets - An integral part for

any window system

Gaskets are the least visible part of the window, and is often misconstrued as the least important part as well. However, this cannot be further away from the truth. In reality, many of the features that window manufacturers boast about, such as, sound-proofing, temperature insulation, and energy efficiency are in-fact a direct result based on the accurate fitment of the gaskets.

So why then is there a trend to spend uncompromisingly on Alumunium or uPVC channels and the most advanced in glass technology, while simultaneously maintain a nonchalant attitude towards the kind of gaskets associated with the final product?

This often is not due to a deliberate avoidance of quality on the least observable part of the window, but rather a lack of theoretical understanding on the manufacturing technique.

On an initial market-analysis, one becomes instantly aware that gaskets are available for as low as Rs. 40/Kg up to Rs. 250/Kg. How then do you decide which one is best for you? Is it as simple as the more you pay, the better the quality? How can you be sure you’re not just over-paying for a substandard product? This article hopes to shed light on what to demand for when quality is your highest priority.

37Feb - April 2014

Microwave-Cured EPDMEPDM - Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer - is a synthetic rubber, which is most commonly used in the construction industry as a sealant or weather strip. The reason for this exclusivity is the superior characteristics exhibited by EPDM when manufactured the right way. Since there are many chemicals involved in creating a quality extruded products, it is essential for these chemicals to be combined in the right way. There are two types of curing techniques, the conventional steam-cured system, and the more superior ‘microwave-cured’ technique. The latter is done through the use a of a Continuous Vulcanization line, the advantages of which are:

• There are no dimensional variations throughout production

• No additional fillers are used to reduce the compound quality

Microwave-Curing involves a ‘shock treatment’ for the raw material and chemicals involved by exposing them in quick succession to extremely high temperatures and subsequently cooling them through immersion into a preset chiller.

This method ensures that gaskets have the following properties:

• High resistance to Ozone, Weathering and Abrasion

• Temperature Resistance (From -40C to +140C)

• Resistance to Ultra Violet Radiations

Only Microwave-Cured EPDM can guarantee the gaskets for a minimum of 10 years against:

• Cracks

• Discolouration

• Loss of Tensile Properties

38Feb - April 2014

AVIGIRI Urethane and Rubber Industries

Microwave-Cured EPDMOur quality-consciousness ensures that you receive only the best material for your gaskets needs. Our gaskets are capable of withstanding intense temperatures and are weather resistant so the Þnished products do not lose its properties with age.

300 Kgs/ HourOur German-design extruder is capable of a production capacity of 300 kgs per hour. This ensures that all your requirements are easily met and the turnaround time from placing the order to dispatch is minimum.

Management ExperienceAVIGIRI is a sister company that has been started in South India by a management team which has over 30 years of experience in the Rubber Industry. This includes extensive product knowledge as well as comfortable dealings with international clientele.In-House Die

MakingOur facility is equipped with the capacity to design and develop our own dies based on your requirements. Our design team has in-depth knowledge on product Þtment which completely eliminates rejections and decreases turnaround time.

Quality LaboratoryOur quality laboratory ensures consistent quality throughout production. We are equipped with all the relevant laboratory equipment to continuously monitor tensile strength and proÞle dimensions.

Introducing the first Continuous Vulcanization Line for Microwave-Cured EPDM in South India

Quality.Service.

Performance.

Avinash Pai Business Development [email protected]

169-D Vasanthanarasapura Industrial Area, Kora, Hobli, Tumkur 572106, Karnataka, India.

Feb - April 2014

www.srilankawood.com FuturexLet’s Build The Future Together.

2 S R I L A N K A W o o d I N T E R N AT I O N A L

E X P O 2 0 1 4

rd th3 - 5 October 2014, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka

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Different Calculation of Structural Silicone Sealant Glueline Thickness

Zijian Kang, Application Engineer of Technical Service Manager

Robin Luo, Application Engineer of Technical Service Assistant Manager

(Chengdu Guibao Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China)

William Zhou, Application Engineer of Technical Service Director

Ivy Tang, Techno commercial International Marketing Manager, [email protected]

40Feb - April 2014

AbstractStructural silicone sealant is the most important material for the curtain wall construction system safety. Correct curtain wall engineering design and structural sealant bite and glueline plays an important role, in structural sealant glueline thickness must engineer properly. In this paper, the calculation methods of glueline thickness among the JGJ 102-2003Technical Code for Glass Curtain Wall Engineering. ASTM C 1401-02 Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing, ETAG002 Structural Sealant Glazing Systems (SSGS) Approval Guidelines are reviewed.

Keywords: Structural Silicone Sealant, Curtain Wall, Glueline Thickness, JGJ 102-2003, ASTM C 1401-02, ETAG002

1. IntroductionStructural sealant glazing has been used in curtain wall for more than 40 years, the high-performance structural sealant promote the technological innovation of the curtain wall, as new materials, new processes and new standard. Today, when it comes to structural silicone sealant design and application in curtain wall system, China follows JGJ 102-2003 Technical Code for Glass Curtain Wall Engineering[1], America follow ASTM C 1401-02 Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing[2],and

EuropeancountriesfollowETAG002 Structural Sealant Glazing Systems (SSGS) Approval Guidelines[3]. The calculation of structural glazing silicone sealant bite and glueline thickness is been spelt out clearly in JGJ 102-2003, ASTM C 1401-02, ETAG002. Those three standards calculate the structural sealant bite with the same method, but the glueline thickness calculation method is different.

2. The calculation of the glueline thicknessThe basic principle to calculate the glueline thickness of JGJ 102, ASTM C 1401-02 and ETAG002 standards is the same, which considers the relative movement between the glass panel and metallic frame, as the calculation method of the relative movement is different, the glueline thickness is not the same.

Figure 1Curtain wall and structural silicone glazing

41Feb - April 2014

Glass Panel

After removing

Figure 2 Movement of glass panel under windload

Figure 3 Structural silicone sealant glueline after movement

It is worth noting that in this method the most adverse circumstances (such as maximum windload, earthquake) was introduced to calculate the relative movements–the bottom of glass panel and metallic frame is maintained the same height, the top reach the maximum movement. In JGJ102-2003, the definition of us remark that the relative movement under temperature change should be put into consideration in this method if necessary, however it does not mention that whether we should adopt the lager value between the windload movement and thermal movement or add these two values together. In general calculation, the relative movement under wind load is much larger than thermal expansion.

The relative movement is obtained by equation(1) and the movement capability of structural silicone sealant (value)is determined, then using the Pythagorean Theorem to calculate structural sealant glueline thickness:

Structural sealant glueline thickness calculation

Where:ts – structural sealant glueline thickness(mm);us – relative movement(mm);δ – movement capability of structural silicone sealant, equal as the elongation at 0.14 MPa tensile strength of silicone sealant.

2.1 JGJ 102-2003 Technical Code for Glass Curtain Wall Engineering

JGJ 102-2003 Technical Code for Glass Curtain Wall Engineering 5.6.5 has mentioned the calculation of Structural Silicone Sealant Thickness (ts). The relative movement calculationIn JGJ 102-2003, the relative movements is calculated as:

Where:us–the relative movement between glass panel and metallic frameθ–the elastic movement limit angle (rad) of main structure under standard windload value;hg – glass panel height(mm).

us =θ • hg.........................(1)

42Feb - April 2014

2.2 ASTM C 1401-02 Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing

In ASTM C 1401-02, structural sealant must support panel under thermal expansion, so using thermal expansion movement to calculate the glueline thickness.

Thermal expansion movement calculation

Where:ΔL – the vertical thermal movement(mm);L – height of the glass panel(mm);ΔTs – summer temperature differential of glass panel between temperature when sealant applied and extreme temperature (0C);

Where:ΔL – the vertical thermal movement (mm);T –structural sealant glueline thickness.The calculation of glueline thickness must below movement capability of structural silicone sealant (δ value),otherwise expected glueline thickness is disqualified.

α –linear thermal expansion coefficient of glass panel(mm/mm/);In order to simulate the worst conditions, the relative thermal movement between glass panel and metallic frame does not consider in here.

Structural sealant glueline thickness calculationAfter the ΔL is obtained by equation (3) and sealant’s movement tolerance is determined, using the Pythagorean Theorem to calculate structural sealant glueline thickness:

ΔL = L (ΔTs) (α) .................(3)

43Feb - April 2014

Compared with thermal expansion movement calculation of ASTM C 1401-02, material temperature of sealant application was considered in ETAG 002 standard. Although the material working in the same environment, the expansion movement of sealant is different at vary temperature during application. But theoretically selected temperature data requirements for coverage throughout whole sealant’s life, which cover between the high temperature and the low temperature, so thermal expansion movement result similar with the ASTM C 1401-02.

After the Δ is obtained by equation (5), ETAG 002 standard adopt a different calculation from the former two methods, using shear strength of structural sealant to calculate structural sealant glueline thickness (e):

Where:Δ – thermal expansion movement;G – shear modulus of structural sealant, G=E/3, E is the Young’s modulus. Young’s modulus is physical parameter of structural sealant, the different kinds of structural sealants have different value. Γ des – shear design stress under dynamic load.

Structural sealant glueline thickness calculation

2.3 ETAG002 Structural Sealant Glazing Systems (SSGS) Approval Guidelines

In ASTM C 1401-02 and ETAG002 standards, the calculation of thermal expansion movement is similar, but the calculation of glueline thickness is different. In ETAG002 standard, structural sealant’s shear strength is used to calculate the glueline thickness.

Thermal expansion movement calculation

Where:Tc – temperature of the metallic frame at the moment, 0C;Tv – temperature of glass at the moment,;T0 – temperature during sealant application, ;αc – linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the structural sealant support frame, mm/mm/;αv – linear coefficient of thermal expansion of glass, mm/mm/;a – short side dimension of the glass lite, mm;b – long side dimension of the glass lite, mm.

44Feb - April 2014

For some project cases, different calculation method lead to much obvious distinction result of structural sealant glueline thickness.For example:

Table 1 The parameter of curtain wall project and material[4]

3. Result and discussion

Item Parametersize of glass pane 1200mm×2200mmthe elastic layer movement limit angle (rad) of main structure 1/550movement capability of structural silicone sealant (value) 10%Young’s modulus of structural silicone sealant 1.4MPadesign shear strength of structural silicone sealant 0.11MPatemperature during sealant application 200Ctiptop temperature of glass pane during use 700Ctiptop temperature of structural sealant support frame during use 500Clinear coefficient of thermal expansion of glass 9.0×10-6mm/mm/0Clinear coefficient of thermal expansion of the support frame 23.8×10-6mm/mm/0C

Table 2 The results of structural sealant glueline thickness by different methods

45Feb - April 2014

From Table 2, there are some gaps of the calculation results of the three methods. The glueline thickness is 8mm, which accord with ASTM C 1401-02 and ETAG 002, does not comply with the requirements of JGJ102-2003.

The elastic movement of main structure under windload is large, using the JGJ 102-2003 to calculate the glueline thickness, so the result is generally large. In order to solve this conflict, some curtain wall design software change the movement capability of structural silicone sealant (value) default to 12~14%. Relative to the existing silicone rubber products, this value is already a large value. In the face of some larger panel, the result of glueline thickness is more than 12mm (maximum allowable value in Chinese standard). The same situation in ASTMC1401-02and ETAG 002 is probably very small, because the value of thermal expansion movement is small in these two standards. So, in a number of projects, design and construction staffs select appropriate standards, which can avoid some problems.With the development of the curtain wall industry, the standards are explored and improved according to the actual situation, which can promote this industry. In this paper, the compare of calculation methods of structural sealant glueline thickness is reference only.

References: 1. JGJ 102-2003 Technical Code for Glass Curtain Wall Engineering2. ASTM C 1401-02 Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing3. ETAG 002 Structural Sealant Glazing Systems (SSGS) Approval Guidelines

For any queries and any more information or clarifications contact : [email protected]

46Feb - April 2014

Feb - April 2014

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The living FaçadePasona Urban Farm is beyond aesthetic and visual improvement

48Feb - April 2014

49Feb - April 2014

50Feb - April 2014

Japan’s dense population, history of intermittent isolation, and nature-based religions have created an efficient and environmentally conscientious society. The country has proven its ability to innovate and invest in experimental new technologies. Through cooperation between the public and private sectors, Japan has created standards and ratings systems for specific building projects, and many of its corporations have already bought into the green building movement. The structure of the construction industry in Japan supports innovation and the adoption of green building. With both architects and construction management in-house, companies are uniquely qualified to develop new products and building technologies, and have more freedom to experiment. Many dedicate significant portions of their research and development budgets to environmental issues. Pasona Urban Farm Building in Tokyo , Japan the building having green facade, offices, cafeterias, roof garden, auditorium and farming facilities incorporated inside almost each work space is the best example of innovative construction method. It is a major renovation project consisting of a double skinned green facade, offices, an auditorium, cafeterias, a rooftop garden and most notably, urban farming facilities integrated within the building. It is the largest and most direct farm-to-table of its kind ever realized inside an office building in Japan. The farmland takes 43 000 sq feet (1410 sq meters) which is nearly one fifth of the overall 215 000 sq feet (7053 sq meters) area of the building. On this farmland grow 200 plant species, mainly rice, fruits and vegetables, which are harvested and served into the cafeterias. By having this urban farm, Pasona is working to encourage and educate new farmers, while exposing urban people to food while it is growing. Employees of the farm are also encouraged to take part in the care and cultivation of its crops, which are eaten on site in the office cafeteria. Employees can be seen working in the rice paddy or broccoli field, pruning fruit trees, tending to lettuces and harvesting veggies.. This incredible office space is truly a vision of the future and hopefully what every office will be like someday. With a shortage of arable land in Japan (roughly only 12%, compared to 20% in the US and over 50% in Denmark), the country’s food supply is highly unsustainable. Pasona dedicated itself to creating this urban farm in part because of the growing reliance of foreign food.

51Feb - April 2014

52Feb - April 2014

Pasona Urban Farm is beyond aesthetic and visual improvement. It creates a unique workplace environment that promotes worker’s productivity, mental health, and social interaction and engages the wider community of Tokyo by showcasing the benefits and technology of urban agricultureLocated in downtown Tokyo, Pasona HQ is a nine-story building for the Japanese recruitment company. Rather than build a brand-new building, the company took over a 50-year-old structure and renovated it into the urban farm and eco office you see now. Pasona elected to dedicate considerable space inside the building to hydroponic and soil-based farming, which is interspersed throughout the entire building — even in conference rooms and private offices. The exterior was drastically renovated with a living facade, which grows with seasonal flowers and orange trees in 3′ deep balconies. The benefits of such a system should be obvious — shading to reduce energy use and enhanced air quality to improve the health of the employees. Other renovations inside the building sought to improve the energy efficiency and comfort of the employees, including new lighting and an enhanced climate control system.

Using both hydroponic and soil based farming, crops and office workers share a common space. For example, tomato vines are suspended above conference tables, lemon and passion fruit trees are used as partitions for meeting spaces, salad leaves are grown inside seminar rooms and bean sprouts are grown under benches. The main lobby also features a rice paddy and a broccoli field. These crops are equipped with HEFL, fluorescent and LED lamps and an automatic irrigation system. An intelligent climate control monitors humidity, temperature and breeze to balance human comfort during office hours and optimize crop growth during after hours. This maximizes crop yield and annual harvests. Seasonal flowers and orange trees are planted on the balconies between the double skinned facade, partially relying on natural exterior climate to showcase changing of leaves and colors to the exterior facade. All plants are maintained and harvested by Pasona employees with the help of an agricultural specialist.

53Feb - April 2014

Employees of the farm are also encouraged to take part in the care and cultivation of its crops, which are eaten on site in the office cafeteria. Employees can be seen working in the rice paddy or broccoli field, pruning fruit trees, tending to lettuces and harvesting veggies. The office has created 43,000 square feet of farmland with 200 species or fruits, vegetables and rice. This incredible office space is truly a vision of the future and hopefully what every office will be like someday

Crops are grown by using hydroponics and soil beds, and there is automatic irrigation system and complicated climate control system which regulates humidity, temperature and air quality to be comfortable for the employees while working. It’s impressive how tomato vines hang above big tables, fruit trees are used as compartments of the interior of meeting spaces, seminar rooms are furnished with salad leaves and the main lobby holds also broccoli and rice fields. Lighting is provided by fluorescent and LED lamps

54Feb - April 2014

55Feb - April 2014

Feb - April 2014

Namit (+91) 9810855697


Buddhini (+94) 771864870

Feb - April 2014

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Dow Corning launches Centre for Construction Expertise to provide training tailored for IndiaCentre launched on two-year anniversary of Dow Corning’s Quality Bond™ program

58Nov 2013 - Jan 2014

Dow Corning Corporation, a global leader in silicone technology, is sponsoring a Centre for Construction Expertise in India, dedicated to providing training tailored to the needs of India’s construction industry.

The Centre will conduct a range of construction-focused workshops across India over the coming year. Taught by construction industry professionals, these workshops are suitable for skilled and unskilled construction workers, contractors and fabricators, builders, apprentices and other contributors to this industry..

Speaking in Mumbai at the launch of the Centre, Jean-Paul Hautekeer, Dow Corning’s global marketing director for high-performance building, said, “Given the increased usage of high-performance silicone materials in the construction industry, there is an increasing demand for workers who are knowledgeable about these materials and skilled in their application. Through the Centre for Construction Expertise, Dow Corning is working to help meet that demand.”

Mumbai, India:

59Nov 2013 - Jan 2014

The Centre has developed workshops on topics related to interiors as well as building façades, including:

• An overview of adhesives and sealants

• Weatherproofing joints

• Sealant application in structural glazing

• Building expansion joints

These workshops will be available at no charge for a limited time.

“We believe that the Centre for Construction Expertise will greatly benefit India’s construction industry as a whole,” Hautekeer said. “Training programs like these can help improve the skill set of India’s workforce and enhance the quality and performance of construction projects. They can also promote safer work practices and increase job satisfaction among workers.”

More information about the Centre for Construction Expertise and the Centre’s upcoming workshops is available at CentreConstructionExpertise.com.

60Feb - April 2014

A global leader in silicones, silicon-based technology and innovation, Dow Corning offers more than 7,000 products and services via the company’s Dow Corning® and XIAMETER® brands. Dow Corning provides performance-enhancing solutions to serve the diverse needs of more than 25,000 customers worldwide

Dow Corning High Performance Building Solutions include proven materials for structural and protective glazing, weatherproofing, insulating glass, window and door fabrication, and building materials protection, as well as innovations for high-efficiency insulation, LED lighting, thermal management

systems, and the incorporation of photovoltaic cells and solar panels into building design.

Dow Corning Quality Bond™ is a tailored set of services and commitments relevant to members’ specific needs based on their role in the construction project value chain. Quality Bond™ lifts silicone bonding and sealing to the highest quality level. This program is supported by Dow Corning’s state-of-the-art laboratory facilities, proven products, as well as best industry practices in quality control and assurance.

ABOUT the company

61Feb - April 2014

Photo credit BRIGITTE LACOMBE

62Feb - April 2014

Zaha Hadid, founder of Zaha Hadid Architects, was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize (considered to be the Nobel Prize of architecture) in 2004 and is internationally known for her built, theoretical and academic work. Each of her dynamic and pioneering projects builds on over thirty years of exploration and research in the interrelated fields of urbanism, architecture and design.

63Feb - April 2014

Born in Baghdad, Iraq in 1950, Hadid studied mathematics at the American University of Beirut before moving to London in 1972 to attend the Architectural Association (AA) School where she was awarded the Diploma Prize in 1977. She founded Zaha Hadid Architects in 1979 and completed her first building, the Vitra Fire Station, Germany in 1993.

Hadid taught at the AA School until 1987 and has since held numerous chairs and guest professorships at universities around the world. She is currently a professor at the University of Applied Arts in Vienna and visiting professor of Architectural Design at Yale University.

Working with senior office partner, Patrik Schumacher, Hadid’s interest lies in the rigorous interface between architecture, landscape, and geology as her practice integrates natural topography and human-made systems, leading to innovation with new technologies.

The MAXXI: National Museum of 21st Century Arts in Rome, Italy and the London Aquatics Centre for the 2012 Olympic Games are excellent manifestos of Hadid’s quest for complex, fluid space. Previous seminal buildings such as the Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Art in Cincinnati and the Guangzhou Opera House in China have also been hailed as architecture that transforms our ideas of the future with new spatial concepts and dynamic, visionary forms.

Zaha Hadid Architects continues to be a global leader in pioneering research and design investigation. Collaborations with corporations that lead their industries have advanced the practice’s diversity and knowledge, whilst the implementation of state-of-the-art technologies have aided the realization of fluid and therefore complex architectural structures.

Currently Zaha Hadid Architects is working on a multitude of projects worldwide including: the High-Speed Train Station in Naples; the CityLife masterplan and tower in Milan; the Library & Learning Centre at the Vienna University of Economics as well as major master-planning projects in Beijing, Bilbao, Istanbul and Singapore. ZHA’s portfolio also includes cultural, corporate, academic and infrastructure projects in across Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North and South America, in addition to national institutions such as the new Central Bank of Iraq Headquarters.

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Zaha Hadid Architects’ work of the past 30 years was the subject of critically- acclaimed exhibitions at New York’s Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 2006, London’s Design Museum in 2007, the Palazzo della Ragione, Padua, Italy in 2009, the Philadelphia Museum of Art in 2011 and the Danish Architecture Centre in 2013. Her recently completed projects include The Eli & Edythe Broad Art Museum in Michigan (2012), Galaxy SOHO in Beijing (2012), Pierresvives Library and Archive in Montpellier (2012), CMA CGM Head Office Tower in Marseille (2011), London Aquatics Centre (2011), Riverside Museum in Glasgow (2011), Guangzhou Opera House (2010), Sheikh Zayed Bridge in Abu Dhabi (2010), MAXXI Museum in Rome (2009), Burnham Pavilion in Chicago (2009), Mobile Art for Chanel in Hong Kong, Tokyo, New York and Paris (2008) and the Nordpark Railway Stations in Innsbruck (2008).

Hadid’s outstanding contribution to the architectural profession continues to be acknowledged by the world’s most respected institutions including the Forbes List of the World’s Most Powerful Women and the Japan Art Association presenting her with the ‘Praemium Imperiale’. In 2010 and 2011, her designs were awarded the Stirling Prize, one of architecture’s highest accolades, by the Royal Institute of British Architects. Other recent awards include UNESCO naming Hadid as an ‘Artist for Peace’, the Republic of France honouring Hadid with the ‘Commandeur de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres’, TIME magazine included her in their list of the ‘100 Most Influential People in the World’ and in 2012, Zaha Hadid was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II.

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Baku’s Heydar Aliyev Center is a national symbol for Azerbaijan, a catalyst for regeneration, and, in the broadest sense, a regional showpiece. Constructing Zaha Hadid Architects’ audacious design for the Center has drawn on expertise from Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as further afield. This explains the feel-good factor and can-do mentality which have made it possible. It is a labor of love.

The narrative which follows touches on some of the principles and innovations examined elsewhere in this book: the uncompromising architectural vision, unbridled geometric inventiveness, attention to detail, and resourceful engineering which, according to project architect Saffet Kaya Bekiroglu, involved constructing mock-ups of practically everything to evaluate appearance as well as performance; the contractors’ and engineers’ quest for faster, lighter, more buildable answers to problems posed by irregular, nonrectilinear geometry and large column-free spaces — and the project team’s acquiescence to an approach which was emphatically led not by engineering, but by architecture.

Baku is only one of many settings for this narrative, which begins on a site in the capital with challenging ground conditions and traversed by a sheer drop. The focus soon shifts to London, where, having been commissioned, Zaha Hadid Architects develop the scheme design, working with consulting engineer AKT, now AKTII, and lighting consultant MBLD, both located nearby. The architects explore the panelization geometry of the internal and external skin and develop the predominantly hard landscape, which benefits from the ironing out of the sheer drop, resolved by locating

some of the car parking below ground, but outside the building’s footprint, to avoid security breaches. The architects’ long-term collaborator AKT develops the roof structure design, with trusses spanning between supports within the perimeter envelope and concrete sheer walls.

In Stuttgart, engineering consultancy Werner Sobek, initially appointed by design- build contractor DiA as facade consultant, assists with the technical design of critical areas such as the external cladding and its support structure, along with the curtain walling. Recommending space frame construction for the external envelope to assuage DiA’s concerns about cost, Werner Sobek sees the scope of their appointment expand. They are ultimately involved in many aspects of the project, including the space frame, the internal skin, the Pond Cafe at the site’s south end, and the structural glass balustrades, taking on various responsibilities, including design, specification, documentation, monitoring, and supervision, with up to 20 staff involved. Bavarian

HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTER Felix Mara

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construction specialist MERO-TSK is awarded the contract for the space frame, weighing 2,500 tons less than the structure originally proposed, and the Turkish firm Bilim Makina later installs it in nine months, which reflects its extent and complexity: MERO-TSK space frames are typically installed in six months. The space frame’s blue paint finish became a Baku landmark, until it was eventually concealed by the Center’s external cladding, and Bavarian specialist Lindner’s internal skin. The glass curtain walls, supplied by Hueck Hartmann, were installed by a Turkish firm.

These specialists faced similar challenges of reconciling complex geometry with demands for quick erection, live and dead loads, and material expansion and contraction, working with a defiantly nonmodular design. The building has a single-movement joint separating concrete slabs, space frames, and other components into two sections. In addition, expansion and contraction of finishing materials, such as the external and internal skin, are visually suppressed or absorbed into uniform, if not always regular, panel joints and the extent of off-site fabrication is maximized to optimize quality control and precision. Nevertheless, elaborate interstitial secondary support structures are needed so the inner and outer skins can be set out accurately at their interface with the space frame. This involves labor-intensive site work, for example to fine-tune the fixing positions for the plates supporting the inner skin panels, many of which also need to be bent on site.

Our focus now shifts to the United Arab Emirates, where cladding manufacturer Arabian Profile develops the design of the fiberglass reinforced concrete panels for the plaza and the external envelope rain screen. Extruded panels have fiberglass embedded in their concrete matrix in three layers: the top and bottom with undirected, scattered fibers and the ones in between with bundles following the proposed form. With no steel

reinforcement, panels can be slimmed down to 8–13 mm without losing their flexural strength. Arabian Profile floats the idea of making the rain screen panels, which outnumber those in the plaza by 4:1, out of

Continued hollow fiberglass reinforced plastic instead, halving production times and trimming 80 percent of their weight. This passes muster with the project team, but Arabian Profile must demonstrate that the plastic panels can match the performance and appearance of their micaceous concrete siblings. Next, microchips are fitted to all 16,150 panels, so each can be traced, dramatically accelerating installation. Before all this has happened, Arabian Profile contracts London digital panelization specialist Newtecnic to develop 3D software.

Next to Turkey, where Sanset İkoor are exploring options to fabricate the auditorium interior, working with Ankara acoustic specialist Mezzo Studyo. As more and more specialists in the region join the project, the Heydar Aliyev Center begins to rise from the ground and take shape, a conical concrete core sprouts up and is garlanded with steel flooring platforms, intriguing steel boot columns are craned in, then decking units—some to be bent on site before their waterproof membranes are welded together. Rain screen panels are bolted onto brackets before the wind can carry them away, access modules walk up the stairs and, after the structural balustrades are fitted, the services and plaza lighting are tested and commissioned in preparation for the Center’s opening.

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Structure MERO double-curved space frame structure supporting solid external and internal envelope: MERO KK system (Fabricated by MERO-TSK Germany) made of solid steel ball nodes and CHS members. Nodes with diameter between 110 and 350 mm and up to 16 threaded holes in different directions. Due to double-curved geometry all nodes and members are different and individually produced. Members with diameter from 60.3 to 273 mm automatically prefabricated of steel cones, CHS pipes, threaded bolts and sleeves, up to 4.5 m long.

All node and tube connections assembled on site without any welding. To achieve high corrosion protection all parts are galvanized and coated in accordance with DIN EN ISO 12944. All Items are under strict MERO quality control in accordance with DIN ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.

Curved boot columns at ground level connection points enable inverse peel of solid external skin on the west side of the building from the plaza floor surface. MERO

Additional framing construction: In situ concrete sheer walls and floors, steel floors.

Fiberglass reinforced polyester rain screen cladding panels to roof higher than datum at approximately 3 m above ground level. Arabian Profile. Color match with off-white fiberglass reinforced concrete panels achieved by using a gelcoat layer with special mixture for visible

faces. Sheen, sparkle, and texture to match fiberglass reinforced concrete panels. 120 mm returns on all edges. 50 mm wide primary joints between panels, allowing access to fixings, with 15 mm wide transverse joints.

Curved primary transverse steel tubes with rod connections to space frame. Secondary longitudinal steel tubes spanning between primaries and supporting rain screen panels. Weatherproofing: Prefabricated trays comprising U-profile purlins fixed to space frame stools supporting trapezoidal metal decks

supporting rigid insulation boards with weatherproof membranes above and self-adhesive vapor barriers below. Roof drainage: Weirs in weatherproofing below roof rain screen discharging into downpipes.

HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTER OUTLINE SPECIFICATION

EXTERNAL SKIN SOLID

SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR EXTERNAL SKIN PANELS:

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Access and maintenance system: Solid external envelope: cherry pickers, safety point hooks in 50 mm gaps between panels at approx. 3 m centers, with rappelling strategy for steepest surfaces.

Glass curtain walling: Unitized structurally bonded fixed glazing with split mullions and transoms, adaptor frames, and vertical cover profiles. Suspension points at tops of units.

Insulating glass units with combined solar-control coating and low-e coating on the outer panes. Inner and outer panes contain fully tempered safety glass. Outer pane: laminated glass with polyvinyl butyral laminate, either standard PVB laminate for medium acoustic requirements

or with noise-control foil. 2-pane insulated glass units comprise laminated glass with 2 panes 6 mm tempered glass externally. Glass heat soak tested to EN 14179, combined solar-control coating and low-e coating on face 2. 16 mm air cavity with highly insulating spacer, stainless steel spacer, or comparable. 8 mm tempered glass to inside heat soak tested to EN 14179.

U-value to vertical units ≤ 1.4 W/m2K. Solar factor ≤ 30% Solar G-value, EN 410 ≤ 24% Shading coefficient, EN/0.80 ≤ 0.30 Total energy transmission ≤ 0.30 114 Percentages are allowed to vary up to 2 percentage points in the adverse direction.

max. Rcwtr = 41 dB required for glazing. The insulated glass units allow and guarantee for a deflection of the glass panel edge of up to L /150 (approx. 25 mm over a length of 4 m). Deflection in the middle of panes with supports along all edges not limited to a certain value. Structural silicone seals to inner and outer panes of insulating glass units. Mullions and transoms aluminum extruded rectangular/ polygonal sections to outside. Mullions and transoms: Curved glass panels around museum / tunnel elevation: tempered outer pane, with enamel frit at the edges to cover the spacer bonding, with bendable and temperable solar-control coating.

Continued U-value ≤ 1.4 W/m2K (vertical) Daylight transmittance LT (EN 410) ≥ to match above Solar G-value EN 410: ≤ 24% Curved glass IGUs to match surrounding flat glass units perfectly.

Hard and soft landscaping Plaza flooring and panels in transitional zone between plaza flooring and raincreen: Flat, single- and double-curved fiberglass reinforced concrete flooring panels by Arabian Profile. Specially developed alkali-resistant

fiberglass and cement sand mortar. Slip resistance: R10 in wet conditions, R12 in dry.

Panels rest on concrete and gravel in plaza and wedge-shaped concrete footing in transitional zone. Gaskets in joints to prevent finger trapping and indicate proximity of transitional zone between plaza and external envelope. External ponds: top and bottom reservoir with perimeter overflow requiring accurate workmanship to stonework at edges and special collector unit to ensure water appears still, waterfalls connecting reservoirs have concealed channels at supply and overflow points to prevent them disturbing still surfaces of ponds and have dedicated filtration; special vacuum and filtration appliances for maintenance and cleaning of shallow reservoirs. Landscape and hardscape walls: board-marked in situ concrete. Grass: blend of 3 different seeds suitable for windy, hot, humid climate, terrace garden plant system comprising drainage layer, and root retainers with automatic garden irrigation system also available.

External facade lighting Ground-embedded facade lighting fixtures:

ACOUSTIC INSULATION:

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produced by the Light Project company, can be directed by 360 degrees, with special filter. Bespoke fixtures with reflectors, used in facade cove: produced by British Crescent Company.

External plaza lighting Recessed LEDs at sides of the steps: bespoke item by Cedetas with linear stainless steel casing and top-radiused Flotel glass. Stone light marker LEDs: manufactured by HRN design. LED fixtures below stair railings: bespoke design by Zaha Hadid, manufactured by Zumtobel.

Internal skin, walls, and ceilings Inner face of external envelope: 6 mm Flex-Panels. Skimmed

and painted. Panels and boards screwed to fixing plates connected to telescopic tubes connected to tubular secondary steel support structure suspended from space frame, with threaded rod bracing where required. Suspended ceilings: Knauf Acoustic suspended ceilings: Baswa Finish to auditorium ceiling and walls: Oak Internal flooring Transitional zones between internal floors and walls: Bolidt synthetic resin flooring. First-floor exhibition area in museum and grand stair on first floor: Greton branded beige artificial stone, size: 45 × 90 cm.

Lighting integrated into helical stair handrail; balustrade uplight adjacent to step; recessed light features in ceiling; floor slot fittings uplighting external skin. Auditorium: linear wall washers; dark recessed ceiling slots conceal downlighting onto seating areas; step lighting; ceiling shadow gap wall washers providing ambient light. Structural cantilever glass balustrades and handrails 1,100 mm high tempered and laminated extra clear glass. Structural glass balustrades to stairs and landings, but not galleries, with LED luminaires, bus bars integrated with laminated glass. Stainless steel handrails to stairs and landings with wall-fixed LED luminaires.

Mechanical services Fresh air is supplied to all mechanical rooms. Variable air volume system for exhibition gallery. Control of drafts from large areas of facade glazing by convectors and floor heating. Heating and cooling plant located in remote utility structure.

Fire safety Smoke control: special pressurization systems prevent the spread of smoke into the escape staircases in case of fire.

INTERNAL LIGHTING ATRIUM LOBBY:

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The Center represents a major new civic, cultural and social venue for the people of Astana, bringing together a wide range of activities within a sheltered climatic envelope that provides a comfortable environment all year round.

The tent-like, cable-net structure is located at the northern end of the new city axis and soars 150 metres from an elliptical base to form the highest peak on the Astana skyline. The building encloses an area in excess of 100,000 square metres within an ETFE dome, with dramatic views over the city and the Steppes beyond. Contained within it is an urban-scaled park, along with a wide variety of entertainment and leisure facilities, including retail, cafes, restaurants, cinemas, and flexible spaces that can accommodate a varied programme of events and exhibitions. The different levels form undulating terraces, the uppermost terrace forming a water park.

Temperatures in Astana can drop to -35 degrees Celsius in winter and climb as high as +35 degrees in summer. The three-layer ETFE envelope is designed to shelter the enclosed accommodation from weather extremes and to allow daylight to wash the interiors. In winter, a key challenge is to prevent the formation of ice on the inside of the envelope. This is achieved by a combination of temperature control and directing warm air currents up the inner surface of the fabric, a strategy that also prevents downdraughts. In summer, fritting on the outermost foil layer provides solar shading. Inside, low-level jets direct cool air across the space, while opening vents at the apex induce stack-effect ventilation.

Nigel Dancey, a Design Director at Foster + Partners, said:

“Khan Shatyr will be an important new destination for the people of Astana to enjoy at all times of the year, whatever the weather. Palace of Peace and Khan Shatyr, we are proud to have designed the two landmark structures for such prominent points along the city’s main axis – their forms express the change of emphasis and function, from religion to entertainment, as you pass along this grand new boulevard.”

The Khan Shatyr Entertainment Centre Astana, Kazakhstan

Photo Credit of Lord Norman Foster project’s photo is NIGEL YOUNG_FOSTER & PARTNERS

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What are the specific measurements on the tent? How tall is it? How wide is the base? What materials are used in the tent and how much of it? What is its volume.

The top of the steel mast is 150m high and the width of the base is 195m. The structure has a 20m high sloped concrete base with 4.2m long elliptical shape integrated rooflights. The cladding is made up of approximately 19,000m² of Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE). The ETFE and cable roof is very lightweight and thus efficient- the large spans would make for a very heavy structure if it was steel and glass- and by hanging the roof from the tripod all the cables are simply in tension, which is a very efficient system for steel.

What makes it still considered a tent, even though it’s that tall?

Khan Shatyr is a fabric structure supported by a mast and cable stays. The tented form has great resonance in Kazakh history as a traditional nomadic building form – Khan Shatyr roughly translates as ‘the Tent of the Khan’.

Q Q

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Q QWhat innovations in tent-building technology and/or tent-related architecture were implemented in the design to allow such a tall tent to be constructed?

The most critical phase of construction was successfully completed in December 2008 with the erection of the 150 metre-high tripod mast. The 2,000 tonne structure was dramatically lifted into place by hydraulic pumps, mounted on a temporary tower structure and erected at the centre of the tent in a process that took two weeks, setting a milestone for this type of construction worldwide.

The construction sequence had to be carefully timed to avoid the harsh winter months. This led the design team to develop a structural solution that utilised prefabricated components, which could be manufactured off site and erected when the weather permitted.

In winter, a further challenge was to prevent the formation of ice on the inside of the ETFE envelope. This was achieved with a combination of temperature control and directing warm air currents up the inner fabric surface, a strategy that also prevents downdraughts. In summer, frittingon the outermost foil layer provides solar shading, while inside, low-level jets direct cool air across the space and opening vents at the top induce stack-effect ventilation.

Any other comments that would be helpful to explain how this tent breaks the mould of other tents.

It is not just the massive scale which breaks the mould of other tents. By incorporating cafes, restaurants, spa facilities, an indoor beach and cinemas, as well as flexible entertainment spaces that can accommodate a varied programme of events and exhibitions, the structure is creates major new civic, cultural and social heart for the capital of Astana and an aspirational symbol that looks to the future of Kazakhstan.

The ‘tent’ concept was a response to the inhospitable climate of Astana – temperatures there can fall as low as -35 degrees in winter and reach +35 degrees Celsius in summer. Our client wanted to offer a range of civic, cultural and social amenities, so we enclosed these in a climatic envelope – a ‘world within’ – that would welcome visitors all year round, whatever the weather.

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QWhat does the public think about the shopping center?

The first day the building was open to the public, 140,000 visitors were

recorded. We hope that this is a strong indicator of the building’s popularity and that the people of Astana will feel ownership of and pride in their new building.

QWhat are some unique or dream uses for the structure that you’d like to see?

The Khan Shatyr has a range of civic, cultural and social amenities, but the

main aim was to provide a highly flexible space. It can be used for a wide variety of purposes without having to change the primary structure and the main building services. The main shopping area also has the potential to be adapted if necessary. This building type is a new concept for Astana and its potential to accommodate changing needs will help to ensure the building’s longevity.

QQ.This is now the tallest structure in the skyline, how does it respect the existing buildings in Astana?

The siting and orientation of Khan Shatyr has been carefully considered to integrate it into the axial masterplan of the city. The building is positioned in a highly prominent position at the end of this central axis. All the buildings along this axis, such as the Presidential Palace and the Palace of Peace, are iconic in form and greater in scale than the surrounding buildings. Khan Shatyr is one of the first of many landmark projects being built in Astana. The next few years will see many more tall buildings in Astana – for example the Emerald Tower 1 which will rise to 210 metres when it is completed next year.

QWhat were the challenges working in a country like Kazakhstan which lacks the infrastructure and many resources of other countries you’re working in?

The cable net comprises 192 radial cables and 16 circumferential cables. In order to complete the installation of the cables within the record time of 1 month, 650 professional mountain climbers from 7 different nations formed part of the construction team at this critical stage. They worked under severe conditions up to a height of 100 metres in order to accomplish the installation.

Working in Kazakhstan it was also critical to find the right project partners. Our local team was based in Turkey but had a strong track record of delivering projects in Kazakhstan. Their familiarity with local working methods was critical to the success of the project.

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Studio London 10 Bowling Green Lane London EC1R 0BQ T +44 20 7253 5147 F +44 20 7251 8322 [email protected] www.zaha-hadid.com

Zaha Hadid Ltd t/a Zaha Hadid Architects. Registered in England No 3749443. Registered Office: New

Derwent House, 69-73 Theobalds Road, London W

C1X 8TA. VAT Reg. No. 743 7288 09

HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTER Architect Zaha Hadid Architects Design Zaha Hadid, Patrik Schumacher Project Designer and Architect Saffet Kaya Bekiroglu Project Team Sara Sheikh Akbari Shiqi Li Phil Soo Kim Marc Boles Yelda Gin Liat Muller Deniz Manisali Lillie Liu Jose Lemos Simone Fuchs Jose Ramon Tramoyeres Yu Du Tahmina Parvin Erhan Patat Fadi Mansour Jaime Bartolome Josef Glas Michael Grau Deepti Zachariah Ceyhun Baskin Daniel Widrig Murat Mutlu Special thanks to Charles Walker Main Contractor and Architect of Record DiA Holding Consultants Tuncel Engineering, AKT (Structure) GMD Project (Mechanical) HB Engineering (Electrical) Werner Sobek (Façade) Etik Fire Consultancy (Fire) Mezzo Stüdyo (Acoustic) Enar Engineering (Geotechnical) Sigal (Infrastructure) MBLD (Lighting) Subcontractors and manufacturers MERO (Steel Space Frame System) + Bilim Makina (Installation of Space Frame System) Doka (Formwork) Arabian Profile (External Cladding Panels / GRC & GRP) Lindner (Internal Skin Cladding) Sanset İkoor (Auditorium Wooden Cladding) Quinette (Auditorium Seats) Zumtobel (Lighting Fixtures) Baswa (Special Acoustic Ceilings) + Astas (Installation of Ceilings) Solarlux (Multipurpose Hall Façade Door) Bolidt (Polyurethane Floor Finish) Kone Elevators + Ikma (Installation of Elevators) MM Mühendisler Mermer (Marble Cladding Works) HRN Dizayn (Landscape LED Installation) Thyssen Group (Escalator) Remak Makina (Fire Doors and Concrete-Cladded Doors) Tema (Gypsum Panel Works) MIM Mühendislik (Structural Steel) Elekon Enerji Sistemleri (Main Building Lighting Control System) NIS Epoksi Kaplama Sistemleri (Epoxy Works) Light Projects Group (Lighting Fixtures) Limit Insaat (External Skin Insulations and Structure)

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Credits

The Khan Shatyr Entertainment Centre Astana, Kazakhstan 2006–2010

Foster + Partners Team

Norman Foster David Nelson Nigel Dancey David Summerfield Filo Russo Peter Ridley Pablo Cabrera Claudia Chiappini Dennis Hawner Joost Heremans Tomonobu Hirayu Kevin Joutel Gulsah Komurcuoglu Nina Linde Wei Luo Vasileios Mavropoulos Barcin Oguz Emre Ozberk Nicholas Papas Brady Peters Juraj Pollak Leyla Rahnavard Guvenc Topcuoglu Ayca Vural

Client Sembol Construction

Collaborating Architects Linea Tusavul Architecture Gultekin Architecture

Structural & Service Engineers

Buro Happold

Local Structural Engineers

OZUN PROJE Ltd + Arce

Local Services Engineers Mechanical -Vemeks Engineering Ltd, Electrical - HB Teknik

Lighting Consultant Claude Engle

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