Feminist Leadership for Social Transformation Srilatha Batliwala Scholar Associate, Building Feminist Movements & Organizations (BFEMO) Initiative AWID (Association for Women’s Rights in Development) 22-06-20 SBatliwala - AWID-YFA 2011 1
Jan 03, 2016
Feminist Leadership for Social Transformation Srilatha BatliwalaScholar Associate, Building Feminist Movements & Organizations (BFEMO) InitiativeAWID (Association for Women’s Rights in Development)
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Questions to answer when trying to understand abstract ideas (like leadership !)
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1. What is it? (Definition)
1. What is it? (Definition) 5. What does it lo
ok
like?
(features, characteristics)5. What does it lo
ok
like?
(features, characteristics)
4. How does it work?
(power dynamics, key actors)
4. How does it work?
(power dynamics, key actors)
2. Where is it?
(geographic, social, political,
institutional, sectoral)2. Where is it?
(geographic, social, political,
institutional, sectoral)
1. What is it?
Definitions of leadership, of “feminine” leadership, and
feminist leadership
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Leadership definitions – What the men have said
“That leader is best, When people are hardly aware of his existence,Not so good when people praise his government,Less good when people stand in fear,Worst, when people are contemptuous.Fail to honor people, and they will fail to honor you.But of a good leader, who speaks little,When his work is done, his aim fulfilled,The people say, ‘We did it ourselves’. ”
Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching (6th – 4th Century B.C.)
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What the men have said - 2• As for the best leaders, the people do not notice
their existence. The next best, the people honor and praise. The next, the people fear; the next, the people hate. Lao Tse
• My definition of a leader . . . is a man who can persuade people to do what they don't want to do, or do what they're too lazy to do, and like it. Harry Truman
• Leadership is the capacity to translate vision into reality. – Warren Bennis
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What the women have said: Defining “feminine leadership”
• The feminine leadership style emphasizes cooperation over competition; intuition as well as rational thinking in problem solving, team structures where power and influence are shared within the group . . . interpersonal competence; and participative decision making. - Marilyn Loden
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Definitions of feminist leadership
• …. feminist …. leadership is … women and women’s organizations sharing power, authority and decision-making in our common pursuit of social, legal, political, economic and cultural equality. DAWN Ontario, The Feminist Principle of Leadership
• leadership should be about empowerment and aimed at change; it is about building other women’s capacities and confidence to be leaders in their communities. Mary Hartmann
• Transformational leadership is leadership concerned with causing social change; feminist transformational leadership is concerned with achieving gender justice. Peggy Antrobus
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The best definition of feminist leadership!
• To create something that replaces and surpasses you, that has a life of its own because there are many people who will be drawn into it and who will give leadership to it as a group, even if you move on or go away. To me, that has always been the measure of leadership… The point is that wherever we are as women, wherever we are situated in our lives, we can advance a feminist agenda if we stop thinking about how to be leaders and think rather about how to be doers, how to be agents” Gerda Lerner
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The clearest definition of feminist leadership:
“Feminist leadership [is] oriented to a different arrangement of the human order:
• Re-distribution of power and re-distribution of responsibilities, beginning with transformation of psychic structures.
• Bridging personal freedom with collective freedom. • Aiming at cooperation instead of competition. …. • In feminist leadership equality, mutuality…. should be visible,
and promote…. emotionality and the values of relationships. • feminist leadership [is] leadership congruent with feminist
principles. ADMIRA toolkit on Organizational Development
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2. Where is it? 3. What are its boundaries?
Sites of feminist leadership & the boundaries of our analysis
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Feminist leadership is practiced in virtually every location that women inhabit and wherever women negotiate their lives and their work:
• Self, family, clan, tribe• Peer group / school, etc.• Community / collective• Organizations• Political institutions• Movements
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Our Boundaries:
• We are concerned with the concept and practice of feminist leadership in institutions and processes concerned with promoting human rights, women’s rights, gender equality, and social justice. Viz., In judicial structures, political bodies, public administration In social movements and social change organizations In women’s movements and women’s organizations
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4. How does it work?
Unpacking the content of leadership – the “Four Ps” of Power, Politics,
Principles and Practice
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POWER
POLITICS & PURPOSE
PRINCIPLES
PRACTICE
The “Four Ps” in the
Feminist Leadership Diamond
Feminist Leadership
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POWER POLITICS &
PURPOSE
PRINCIPLES PROCESS
history, experience
socia
l, economic,
and
other identities
personality traits,
psychic wellbeing
talents, abiliti
es
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Personal social capital –
contacts, networks, support
THE ROLE OF THE SELF
Leadership as power & power dynamics in organizations
• Visible / direct power – the visible hierarchy / distribution of authority / roles
• Hidden power – who influences organizational decisions / culture / agendas without any formal / direct power
• Invisible power – the manipulation of organizational agendas / priorities, or people’s sense of self-esteem
• Invisible and hidden power usually operate in the “deep structures” of organizations
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Leadership as Politics & Purpose• Politics means the analysis of the socio-
economic forces within which we operate, and the ideological perspectives that inform our analysis (profit, public good, gender equality, social justice, etc.)
• Purpose is the vision and mission for change that emerges from our politics – See AFF Charter
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Leadership as Principles & Values
• Leadership does not occur in a moral, social, or political vacuum
• It must embody and practice the values and principles that inform the mission – see the AFF Charter!
• It must create conscious and transparent mechanisms for assessing whether the values are being practiced an upheld, and revise / expand them over time
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Leadership as Practice• The pathways and methods by which we act
and organize our actions to achieve the purpose
• Doing and enabling a myriad things – – developing strategies, – training people, – assessing and seizing opportunities, – analyzing problems and challenges, – building morale and team spirit, – resolving conflict,
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5. What does it look like?
Myths, challenges, and manifestations of feminist leadership
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Recap: Assumptions about power in feminist organizations • Because we’re all women, we don’t have to worry about
it (yes we do)• We don’t have any hierarchy (because you have a hidden
/ invisible one)• We are all equal here (no, we’re not)• Formalizing decision-making power and systems is
patriarchal and bureaucratic (no, it’s more democratic and transparent)
• I don’t have to be accountable to you because I am accountable to “the movement” (Which one? Where? How?)
• I should be allowed to get away with murder23-04-20 SBatliwala - AWID-YFA 2011 21
Myths about feminist leadership
• Feminists will lead differently / feminist organizations should be utopias
• Feminists will share power more readily, more equally / feminist organizations will be flat and non-hierarchical
• Feminist leaders / organizations are inherently more transparent, open, mature, etc.
• Feminists won’t exploit, oppress, or be unfair; they will be superwomen / saints
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The challenges for practicing feminist leadership • Our conditioning in the use of power occurs before we
become feminist• We have few positive / live examples or models of
good feminist power and leadership• We are surrounded by patriarchal structures of power
and leadership • We may embrace the theory, but our own histories,
experiences, identities, and personalities often get in the way!
• This is painful journey of exploration and experimentation – there are no templates on offer!
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Aspirations for / Ideals of feminist leadership
• Transformational – simulating within the changes sought outside
• Explicit awareness and attention to power dynamics - transparency
• Not necessarily individual-centered
• Awareness of self• Accountable to the larger goal,
vision and constituency
• Multi-generational, with a special focus on building young women’s leadership
• Attempts to practice values of transparency, accountability, making hierarchies rational, visible, and open to change
• Relational - building strong trusting relationships.
• Creating safe environments for expression, self-care, participation, and growth of leadership skills.
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What the best women’s movements have done to practice feminist leadership:• Making leadership development a conscious part of their
movement-building strategy• Ensuring that over a period of time, all members of the movement
get leadership opportunities, and a chance to build their leadership capacity
• Building multiple layers and levels of leadership • Creating collective – rather than individual – leadership structures • Rotating leadership roles periodically, so that power does not
become entrenched• Electing leaders democratically and holding them accountable to
their mandate• Removing leaders who have violated the principles, politics, and
practices of feminist ldrship23-04-20 SBatliwala - AWID-YFA 2011 25
How can we begin to practice true feminist leadership?
• Step 1: Analyzing and addressing power in our organizations – most importantly, by unearthing the “deep structure” of our organizations
• Step 2: examining and articulating our politics and purpose • Step 3: Enunciating the principles and values that will frame /
guide our practice • Step 4: Designing / re-designing our practice to harmonize
better with the other “P”s• Step 5: ensuring mechanisms for checking how our “self” is
intruding / obstructing our practice, and taking responsibility for dealing with this
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Suggested Exercise
• Map the deep structure of an organization you work in / know well
• What negative aspects of these need to be tackled to move towards feminist leadership ideals?
• How can these negative aspects be tackled?• What/who will help and what/who will hinder
our attempt to make these changes?
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