Female Sex Hormonal Steroids Female Sex Hormonal Steroids Overall Organization of the Topic Structure and nomenclature - Estradiol, estrone, estriol, and progesterone Biosynthesis and metabolism of estradiol and progesterone Synthetic estrogens - Schuler’s hypothesis Estrogen antagonists - clomiphene and tamoxifen Synthetic progestins Progesterone antagonists
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Female Sex Hormonal Steroids Overall Organization of the Topic Structure and nomenclature - Estradiol, estrone, estriol, and progesterone Biosynthesis.
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Female Sex Hormonal SteroidsFemale Sex Hormonal Steroids
Overall Organization of the Topic
Structure and nomenclature
- Estradiol, estrone, estriol, and progesterone Biosynthesis and metabolism of estradiol and
progesterone Synthetic estrogens
- Schuler’s hypothesis Estrogen antagonists
- clomiphene and tamoxifen Synthetic progestins Progesterone antagonists
Female Sex Hormonal SteroidsFemale Sex Hormonal Steroids
Physiological Activity of Natural Estrogens• Reproduction and development of female sex organs• Growth of secondary sex characteristics (male + female)• Role in ovulation and pregnancy• Role in bone density modulation (male + female)• Role in mineral, carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism
Physiological Activity of Progesterone• Maintenance of Pregnancy• Inhibition of follicular maturation and ovulation• Prevention of spontaneous uterine contractions
Female Sex SteroidsFemale Sex Steroids
Concerns about carcinogenic actions of Estrogens/Progestins• Early studies … tumors of breast, uterus, testis, bone, kidney …• ‘Unopposed’ estrogen … especially higher risk• Estrogen – progestin combination … standard practice now• In a WHI study … increased total risk of breast cancer by 24%• Carcinogenic actions due to trophic effects (cell proliferation effects)• Alternate theory … conversion to quinones ROS DNA damage