FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS 2019 PENNSYLVANIA DAIRY SUMMIT
FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS
2019 PENNSYLVANIA DAIRY SUMMIT
FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS
Plant, animal and food residues that are either indigestible by humans, unpalatable to people, or no longer saleable.
IUUBs
Indigestible, Unpalatable, Unsellable BiomassWhat are
they?
ZHENGXIA DOU, B.S., M.S., PhDProfessor, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine
FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS
1. Corn grain
2. Wheat midds
3. Brewers grains
4. Barley straw
5. Fruits & Nuts
6. Feather meal
7. Vegetables
8. C16:0 fats
9. Soybean Hulls
What are they?
FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS
1. Corn grain X
2. Wheat midds √
3. Brewers grains √
4. Barley straw √
5. Fruits & Nuts √
6. Feather meal √
7. Vegetables √
8. C16:0 fats √
9. Soybean Hulls √
What are they?
FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS
1. Healthier for the cow
2. Lowered feed costs
3. Dependable access
4. Delivery schedule
5. Unique nutritional attribute
6. Environmental sustainability
Why?
FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS
1. Healthier for the cow ??
2. Lowered feed costs
3. Dependable access
4. Delivery schedule
5. Unique nutritional attribute
6. Environmental sustainability
Why?
FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS
¡ Every year the world throws away 1.3 billion tons of edible food.
¡ This means that nearly 1/3 of the world’s food production ends up in landfills.
¡ 80 million tons in the United States
¡ EPA’s Food Recovery Hierarchy -Reduce Wasted Food by Feeding Animals
¡ Federal regulations - TheFDA’sBovineSpongiformEncephalopathy (BSE)/RuminantFeedBanRule prohibits theuseofmammalianprotein(i.e.,animaltissue)infeedsforruminantanimals.
Environmental Sustainability
FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS
EXAMPLES…
Photo credit, JOSEPH S. BENDER, DVMUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine
FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS
EXAMPLES…
FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS
1. Unknown analysis
2. High moisture
3. Fat of the wrong kind
4. Spoilage & shrink
5. Delivery schedule issues
6. Food/Feed safety
Pitfalls?
FEEDING BY-PRODUCTS
Case Study
ByproductFeedIngredientsinDairyRations
2020PennsylvaniaDairySummit
R.TomBass,II,DVM,PhDRenaissanceNutrition,Inc.
Overview
• WhyFeedThem?• Specialistsvsutilityplayers• Storageconsiderations&potentialfeedqualityissues
• Costconsiderations
Whyfeedthem??
• Improverationnutrientprofile• Improveincomeoverfeedcostand/orreducerationcosts– Recognizedifferencesexistintheformulasusedforingredientvaluation
• Stretchforageinventories
NorthCarolinaDairyScenario(March2008)
RationSpecifications• 17.2%crudeprotein• 35.3%NDF• 6.1%fat• 33%forage• 18.7%forageNDF• 21%totalstarch
RationIngredients• 20lbcornsilage• 42lbsorg-sudansilage
(BMR)• 23lbhominy• 3lbsoyhulls• 2.75lbwholecottonseed• 6lbsoybeanmeal• 2.35lbmineral-protein
blend• 8lbwater
NorthCarolinaDairyScenario(March2008)
HerdDescription• 120cows;2XnorBST• 205DIM• 83lbtankaverage• 3.6%fat,3.0%protein
NorthCarolinaDairyScenario
SpecialistsvsUtilityPlayers
• Whichbyproductingredientssupplywhichnutrients???– Protein?– Starchand/orsugar,orotherfermentablecarbohydrates?
– Fat?– Fermentablefiber(fNDF)?– Physicallyeffective(peNDF)and/orundigestiblefiber(uNDF)?
ApproximateFiberRankingsfNDF pe-uNDFSoyhulls WheatstrawBeetpulp Cottonseed/cottonseedhullsOkara/tofu PeanuthullsCitruspulp AlmondhullsCornglutenfeed BrewersgrainDistillersgrain WheatmiddsCorngermmealCanolamealWheatmiddsBrewersgrainCottonseedmealCottonseed/cottonseedhullsPeanuthulls
MoretoLess
Storage,handling,andfeedingissues
• Shrink• Aerobicstabilityofwetingredients• Bewareingredientvariability• Regionaland/orseasonaldifferencesinavailability
• Possiblequalityconcerns– Mold– Mycotoxins– Nutrientdigestibility
CostConsiderations
• Makesureyouareaccuratelyevaluatingcosts- cost/lb orcost/lb ofdrymatter?- don’tignoreshrink- istheingredientsupplyingthenutrient(s)
youneed?
Questions???
HerdScenario:Limitedforageinventoryandtightcashflow
• Tighthaylage ($60/ton)inventory;cornsilage($40/ton)projectedtorunoutaroundJuly1
• Haylage shouldlastuntilaboutMay1;butwillhavesometriticale($50/ton)availableshortlybeforethen
• 120cows;90lb milk;3.8%F,3.1%P• Purchasedingredientscurrentlyincludecorn,soybeanmeal,aminoplus,soyhulls,cottonseed,andasuperconcentratewithminerals,vitamins,bypassproteinandfat
HerdScenario:Limitedforageinventoryandtightcashflow
• Whatingredient(s)areavailabletoaddresstheforageshortage??– 350tonsBMRcornsilageat$60/ton– Corncannerywasteat$10/ton(availableJuly1)–Wastedonuts(freeifpickedup)– Citruspulp($275/ton)andwheatmidds($150/ton)
–Wetbrewersgrain($30/ton)
CurrentRationScenario
CurrentCornSilageAnalysis
BMRCornSilageAnalysis
CornCanneryWasteAnalysis
DonutAnalysis
WetBrewersGrainAnalysis
AlternativeRationwBMRCSilg
WhatiftheherdshowedthetypicalBMRresponse(5lb milk)??
WhatiftheBMRcost($45/ton)andtheherdshowedthetypicalBMRresponse(5lb milk)??
Considerations….• Whatdoyouthinkaboutthenewrationcost?• Howlongwill350tonsofcornsilagelast?– About3- 3¼months*,assumingsomewillalsobefedtodrycows
• Arethereanyconcernswithmovingit?• Isthereabetteralternativeration??• Canitbedoneusingjusthaylage andtriticale??• Anypotentialconcernsaboutfeedingwetbrewtoa120cowherdinhotweather?
* Ifdrymatterintakedoesn’tincrease
AlternativeRationwTriticale
AlternativeRationwCornCanneryWaste&Donuts
Canyoumakeitworkwithwetbrew???
Inreview
• Trytoselectingredientsthatsupplythenutrientstheration(thecows)require(s)
• Ingredientcostisimportant• Incomeoverfeedcostismoreimportant– Youhavetowaitforthecows’inputtogeneratethisvalueaccurately
• Don’tforgettothinkaboutlogisticalissuesandpotentialconcernswithsomeingredients,aswellaslonger-termplanningtoaddresstheforageinventoryissue