Feedback to students: What do we know about feedback and learning? Steve Barkley.

Feedback to students: What do we know about feedback

and learning?

Steve Barkley

Grading as feedback

How are grades a form of feedback?

Brookhart's:Which Do You Believe?

Grades should reflect achievement of intended learning outcomes.

• strongly agree• agree• disagree• strongly disagree

Brookhart's:Which Do You Believe?

The primary audience for messages conveyed in grades are students and parents.

• strongly agree• agree• disagree• strongly disagree

Brookhart's:Which Do You Believe?

Grades should reflect a particular student's individual academic achievement only.

• strongly agree• agree• disagree• strongly disagree

Brookhart's:Which Do You Believe?

Grading policies should be set up to support student motivation to learn.

• strongly agree• agree• disagree• strongly

disagree

Brookhart's:Which Do You Believe?

Grades should be based on a student's standing among classmates.

• strongly agree• agree• disagree• strongly

disagree

Brookhart's:Which Do You Believe?

When students receive "poor grades" for their performance, they are motivated to do better next time.

• strongly agree• agree• disagree• strongly

disagree

Brookhart's:Which Do You Believe?

A grade should reflect the student's achieve-ment, work habits on responsibilities like homework, class participation, and behavior.

• strongly agree• agree• disagree• strongly disagree

Assessment is the Bridge Between Teaching and Learning

Dylan Wiliam

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtlLp_ZsyvQ

Formative Assessment Provides…

Teachers with direction for instruction

Students with knowledge to advance toward learning goal

Reporting Information

Growth and Progress Information

•Change in achievement of learning goals within subject area over time…used to report progress

Learning Skills Information

•Information from observing student behaviors that promote learning (like effort and work habits).

Grading Information

•Information from summative classroom assessments used to communicate achievement of intended learning goals against standards

Dylan Wiliam’s five key strategies for assessing student learning:

1. For each important new concept or assignment, teachers should make the learning expectations clear and share with students the criteria for successfully meeting those expectations. This information should be provided on a daily basis and revisited at the end of each class to evaluate progress toward these goals.

2. Use data from classroom discussions, student answers and learning tasks to revise lessons and activities. Teachers can use various techniques that engage all students in discussion and use revealed evidence of student thinking and understanding as they plan future.

3. Provide feedback that clearly and explicitly identifies what needs to be improved in order to move learners forward and promote students’ understanding of concepts. To best meet students’ immediate learning needs, teachers should use this evidence to adapt instruction in real time.

4. Encourage students to serve as instructional and learning resources for one another on a daily basis.

5. Encourage students to take responsibility for their own learning.

Dylan Wiliam’s five key strategies for assessing student learning:

http://www.apa.org/education/k12/classroom-data.aspx?item=3#

Assessment

Teaching

Learning

feedback

Feedback is the current that flows between the teacher and the learner

leading to the desired outcomes

Assessment and Feedbackhttp://www.apa.org/education/k12/classroom-data.aspx?item=2#

Don’t think that feedback itself is enough to make an assessment formative. Although providing feedback is a necessary first step, an assessment only becomes formative when the information fed back to the learner is used by the learner to improve future performance. Therefore only feedback that is potentially useful to the learner is formative. For example, if a teacher says, “That’s very creative,” the student does not know why her product is creative, or how to make future products creative. An exception to this occurs when the teacher has already provided the criteria for what a “creative” response looks like.

Top Two Study Strategies

• Practice Test• Distributive

practice

http://www.aft.org/pdfs/americaneducator/fall2013/Dunlosky.pdf

Inside the Black BoxRaising Standards Through

Classroom Assessment Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam

Feedback to any pupil should be about the particular qualities of his or her work, with advice on what he or she can do to improve, and should avoid comparisons with other pupils.

For formative assessment to be productive, pupils should be trained in self-assessment so that they can understand the main purposes of their learning and thereby grasp what they need to do to achieve.

http://weaeducation.typepad.co.uk/files/blackbox-1.pdf

Making Suggestions

Phrase Positively

Clear and Specific

Congruent

Pay-off

Payoff

Cost

Com plim ent

PraiseApproval

Approval

H.I.P.

Personalize

Cite the Specifics

Students Using Feedback

1. Reflecting can improve your performance on your future assessments by helping you identify what you did well and where you can improve.

2. Without reflection, you keep doing things in the same way and never improve.

http://evidencenet.pbworks.com/f/guide+for+students+FINAL.pdf

Helping StudentsReflect on Feedback

What are the main points in this feedback?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What things attracted positive feedback?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What things attracted negative feedback?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

How can I use this feedback in a future assessment?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

http://evidencenet.pbworks.com/f/guide+for+academic+staff+FINAL.pdf

The use of technology can enhance student engagement with feedback. Returning feedback online enables students to receive feedback in a legible format, and to engage with it in privacy. Electronic templates aligned with assessment criteria and comment banks enable feedback to be generated in a consistent and equitable way.