February 2019 Section Meeting HMI Usability and Performance ISA TR101.02
February 2019Section Meeting
HMI Usability and PerformanceISA TR101.02
Thank You to All of Our Sponsors!
Upcoming Section Events
March 12 – Virtualization in Industrial Automation – Sponsored by Champion Technology Services
April 2 – Compressor Surge Modeling and Control – Guest Speaker Greg McMillan
May 7 – Section Tour – Michelli Calibration Lab – Lunch, Tour, Presentation, and Demonstrations
May 31 – Exhibition and Symposium – Hilton Garden Inn Convention Center
June 1 – District 7 Leadership Conference – Hilton Garden Inn Convention Center
Control System Engineering PE Review Course - TBD
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ISA Technical Report 101.02HMI Usability and Performance
ISA 101 Committee
Committee formed in 2006 to establish standards, recommended practices, and/or technical reports for designing, implementing, using, and/or managing human machine interfaces in process automation applications
ANSI/ISA-101.01-2015 Human Machine Interfaces for Process Automation Systems• Approved July 9, 2015
Over 300 Voting Members • Integrator, Engineering & Construction 35%• End User 27%• Vendor/Supplier 25%• General (Academic, Government, Consultant etc.) 13%
• Worldwide participation in review process
The Purpose of ISA 101
Address the design, implementation, and maintenance of human machine interfaces (HMIs) for process automation systems, to:
• Provide guidance to design, build, and maintain HMIs which result in more effective and efficient control of the process, in both normal and abnormal situations
• Improve the user’s abilities to detect, diagnose, and properly respond to abnormal situations
• Look at the HMI holistically – not just the display
Standards are the “What”Technical Reports and Recommended Practices are the “How”
Who Cares About HMI Standards
Users• Responsible for safe and productive operation of equipment and facility• Live with the HMI and support it for it’s lifetime
Integrators, Designers, Engineers• Design and build the HMI applications • Commission the HMI, and the associated process
Suppliers• Develop the software and hardware needed to build the HMI• Develop the interfaces/drivers needed for an HMI to transfer data and information
to and from multiple sources
ISA 101 Working Groups
WG1 - HMI Philosophy & Style Guide Development• This technical report will describe example applications of the Philosophy and Style Guide to
various Process Automation Systems use cases, and will be platform independent (41 members)• Co-chairs; David Lee and Lothar Lang
WG2 – HMI Usability and Performance• This technical report(s) will be used to assess the effectiveness of the HMI application, and how
the use of the standard will assist in improving related metrics (29 members)• Co-chairs; David Board and Ruth Schiedermayer
WG3 – HMI for Mobile Devices• Develop technical report(s) to evaluate and define the use of mobile devices as HMI stations and
how to effectively implement an HMI for use on a mobile device (21 members)• Co-chairs; Mark Nixon and Peder Brandt
WG4 – HMI for On-Machine Applications• Develop technical report(s) to effectively implement a machine-level HMI utilizing an operator
interface terminal• Co-chairs; Arlen Jacobs and David Board
ISA TR101.02 Content
1 – Scope2 – References3 – Definition of terms and acronyms4 – HMI usability and performance 5 – Usability6 – Performance7 – HMI EffectivenessAnnex A (Informative) – HMI effectiveness measurementsAnnex B (Informative) – A case study of effective HMI design for increasing usability
HMI Lifecycle
DESIGNSYSTEM STANDARDS
OPERATEIMPLEMENT
CONTINUOUS WORK PROCESSES
Continuous Improvement
RE
VIE
W
Philosophy
Style Guide
Toolkits
In Service
Maintain
Decommission
Continuous Improvement
Build Displays
Build Console
Test
Train
Commission
Verification
Console Design
HMI System Design
User, Task, Functional
Requirements
Display Design
New DisplayDisplay Changes
New SystemMajor Changes
ENTRYENTRY
MOC Audit Validation
Example testing of HMI modifications
Method 1: Newly created/modified displays available only on the engineering console.
Operators are directed to familiarize themselves with the modified displays on the engineering console.After familiarization and any corrections made based on feedback, the modified displays replace theversions on the operator’s console.
Method 2: Newly created/modified and renamed version of displays available only on the operator's console.
Limit access to these by requiring that they be called up via direct name entry rather than incorporationinto the HMI navigation, or make them selectable in a secured access "TEST" section of the HMInavigation. Direct the operators to use these graphics for testing and familiarization. When completed,delete the original displays and rename the modified ones to those original names, thus ensuring theirproper access in the existing HMI navigation and links to other displays.
Method 3: Prior to deployment, newly created/modified displays only available on a training system.
In some cases, testing, familiarization, and operator training is carried out on a system completelyseparate and isolated from the actual process to avoid any chance of the testing affecting the process.For thorough testing, simulation of the process is possible.
Usability – HMI Design - Color
8% of men and 0.5% of women are red-green color impaired
High Contrast Color and Redundant Coding
Use of color should be standardized for certain functions (ie Red forAlarms and Yellow for Warnings)
Effective Displays
Effective Displays
Effective Displays
Effective Displays
Radar Chart Examples
Startup and Inhibitors Table / Checklist
The main points that make this figure a good table forimparting information are as follows:
a) conditions requiring action are differentiated andhighlighted;
b) conditions that are resolved are grayed out makingit easier to sense progress;
c) good alignment of condition status texts improvesreadability;
d) consistent vertical padding in rows increasesreadability; and
e) descriptions are left justified and use mixed-casetext to improve readability.
Startup and Inhibitors Table / Checklist
The main points that make this figure a good table forindicating equipment states are as follows:
a) increased reading dynamic by grouping A2 items and B2items on separate rows;
b) limited grid formatting with a low contrast line separator;c) generous margins, padding and spacing which increases
readability; andd) abnormal equipment status notification is provided by
redundant means. In the example in Figure 16 the colorof the square encompassing the equipment, the numberand the symbol clearly indicate where an abnormalcondition is and its severity.
Clear Messaging Methods
When showing information to the operator in text form, thetext should be legible from the expected operator position(s).
Invisible states that appear to the operator only on specificcontexts should be avoided.
The operator should be able to fully confirm the current stateanytime, meaning that an invisible object cannot represent astate (since it cannot be differentiated from no object at all).
Example:BLOWN FUSE visible and highlighted to indicate a blownfuse and not visible to indicate normal state is incorrect.Text should read BLOWN FUSE to indicate a blown fuse andFUSE OK to indicate normal state.
Trend Examples
Trend Examples
Trend Recommendations
Trends make use of color todistinguish between several valuesbeing trended. The complexity ofthe trend display can be managedby the following recommendations:
a) no greater than 12 traces pertrend;
b) ability to distinguish traces byway of symbols and/or ability to"hide" and "show" specific traceswithout deleting the trace; and
c) ensure color choices for tracesdo not compete with the otherpotential 11 traces on the trend,nor the background color of thetrend.
Level 1 Display – Overview of the operator’s entire span of control
Level 1 Display – Overview of the operator’s entire span of control
Level 1 Display – Overview of the operator’s entire span of control
Level 2 Display – Primary operating display during normal operations
Level 3 Display – Process diagnostics and task execution support
Level 4 Display – Diagnostic, informational displays, and faceplates
Level 4 Display – Diagnostic, informational displays, and faceplates
Recommended HMI Performance TimesRecommended Times (all units in seconds unless otherwise stated)
HMI CategoryMetric Display Type Machine Control Small System Process System SCADA System RTU System
Call Up Time
Level 1, 4 1 3 5 5 5Level 2, 3 1 2 2 2 5Faceplate 1 1 1 1 3Yoking n/a 4 4 4 10Real-time trend
5 5 5 5 5
Historical trend5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15
Display Refresh Rate
Level 1, 4 <1 2 5 5 5Level 2, 3 <1 2 5 5 5Faceplate <1 2 3 3 5Yoking n/a 2 5 5 5Real-time trend
<1 1 1 1 1
Historical trend5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15
Write Time Applies to all display types 1 1 1 1
Based on communication schedule and bandwidth
Write Refresh Time Applies to all display types
3 5 5 5
Based on network topology
<5 minutes for very large systems
Access to alarm displays
Alarm summary1 1 1 1 1
Alarm lists such as suppressed alarms
2 5 5 5 5
Navigation
Critical displays1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks
Non-critical displays3 clicks 3 clicks 3 clicks 3 clicks 3 clicks
Alarm summary1 click 1 click 1 click 1 click 1 click
System diagnostics1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks
System state changes
Switching operators5 5 5 5 5
Runtime language change 2 2 2 2 2
Assessing HMI Effectiveness
Methods that could be used to assess or measure the HMI effectiveness include:a) operator performance;b) key performance metrics;c) situation awareness measurement;d) operator response time;e) operator stress level;f) how frequently the assessment of effectiveness should be carried out; andg) questionnaires and social surveys.
Annex B – A case study of effective HMI design for increasing usability
1990 Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Simulator• No graphic hierarchy• No overview• Many controller elements are not
shown on any of the existing graphics• Numbers and digital states are
presented inconsistently• Poor graphic space utilization• Inconsistent selectability of numbers
and elements• Poor color choices, overuse, and
inconsistencies • Bright red and yellow used for
normal conditions• Poor interlock depiction• No trends are implemented, “trend-
on-demand” rarely used by the operators
• Alarm conditions generally not indicated on graphics – even if the value is a precursor to an automated action
• Existing Overview
Annex B – Level 1 System Overview
AD-ONPULVStatus
A2 CWP
B2 CWPE-ONC-ONF-OFF
H-ONA-OFFG-ON
Alarms
E
B
F
C
G
D
H
PUMPS ANDFANS
Pump Status
ON
ON
A2 HWP
B2 HWPON
OFF
C2 HWP
SUBFPON
ON
A2BFPT
B2BFPTON
ON
A2 ECW
B2 ECWON
ON
Fan StatusA2 FDON
ON
B2 FD
B2 IDON
ON
A2 PA
B2 PAON
ONA2 ID
7.1
A/F Ratio
9.4
BBDpH
9.4
EconpH
Boiler
775
Econ GasOut °F
300 -0.5
Aux Stmpsig
25 25 7.0Auto
351
25 6.0 21 0.45 0.9 200 90
F. in.H2OA2IDStall
A2FDStall
Fans B2IDStall
B2FDStall
Econ% O2
Sec Airin. H2O % Opac
NOX#/MMBTU
SO2#/MMBTU
CEMS COppm
Inst Airpsig
702.1 640.1 -5.2
MVARTurbine-GeneratorGross MW
60.00 0.2 0.2
LPT-Ain.hg
49.1 3.13.1 20.1 -0.5 9.0
H2psig
H2°F
Turb Oil°F
StatorGPM
Condenser-Feed WtrA2 BPFT B2BPFT
Drum LvlIn. H2O
HW Lvlin.H2O
DA Lvlin.H2O
DA WideFT H2O
Cond Hdrpsig
104 115Auto Auto
Net MW HZLPT-Bin.hg
400Auto
0.0Auto
25
B-ON
05-31-1413:22:07
Unit 2Overview
1
Total Alarms
0
5
80
-450
-15 1 HR
50005000
15
SteamKLBH4100
Fd WtrKLBH4580
DrumLvl in.
-0.5
-30 -15
0
-450
-5 1 HR
75001250
5
AirKLBH5820Coal
KLBH980
FurnPres-0.5
-30 -15
600
-45600
0 1 HR
120012003000
Steam°F
990Reheat
°F1005
Steampsig2400
-30 -153
2
2
2
Annex B – Level 2 Pulverizer Control GraphicThree to One
05-31-2012 11:13:55PULVERIZER A – Level 2
5.9AUTO
10.082%
GAS PSI
40
140
“A” Coal Flow KLB/HR
2 Hrs
“A” C/A Temperature
135AUTO
13071.2%0
200
2 Hrs
“A” Primary Air Flow KLB/HR
120
220
2 Hrs
“A” Sec. Air Flow (Total)
400
900
2 Hrs
Any Seal Air blower stopped
No coal on feeder belt
Any Pulv group trip not reset
Lube oil press low
Flame det clg air press lo
Flame detectedMin boiler A.F. required
LTR atom air press low
Pulv seal air dif f press low
Feeder inlet gate not open
LTR oil press low or HDR VLV not open
All PA fans stopped or PAH stopped
Sequence Blocked By:
Diff-P
72.1AUTO
70.070.1%
H.Dmp %Amps
50.0CAS
49.0%48.0%
Damper %
31.0AUTO
30.027.8%
C.Dmp %
Start Pulv
Start Feeder
Pulv Tmp to Auto
Rel Sec Air
Stop Ltrs
Rel Pul DmdReady
Ready
Open Swg Vlvs
IG HDR VENT
10.7 45
50%CAS50%56%
N Damp S. Damp
Ready
Ready
Ready
Ready
DoneStatus
Begin Sequence
Sec Air to L.O.
Start Ltrs.
Pulv Grp Dmd
Start PA Flow
OPENOPENOPENOPENOPENOPENSWG Valves
NORMMNT-BNORMNORMNORMNORMMaint Mode
OFFOFFOFFOFFOFFOFF
ON
A7A6A5A3A2A1Flame
Main Flame
IgniterFlame
Fuel Type:Gas-1
90
30 30 30 30 30 30
DoneStatus
Air-N Air-S
XX
X
50%CAS50%42%
312 312
88 90 91 91 94ON ON ON ON ON
113.0AUTO115.0
75.0%
KLBH
205.0AUTO200.0
65.0%
615.2AUTO600.0
60.0%
Flow
X
Ready
HOLD
PTR Status OK
Flame Status OK
Trip Status OKCLOSED
IG GAS TRIP CLOSED
IG OIL TRIP CLOSED
BURNER VENT CLOSED
KLBH °F
Main Menu Runback 1/2 L3 Feeder BPulvOverview L3 Flame L3 Gas C D E F G H
PULV “A”Group Trip
PULV “A”Trip Valves
PULV “A”Start Sequence Status: STARTING STOP
Reserved Faceplate
Zone
When any item on the screen is selected, the faceplate for that item appears in this reserved area.
All control manipulation is accomplished through the standardized faceplates.
RESET
RESET
RESET
Open SwgValves
Annex B – Abnormal Situation Graphic
• The operator response for many abnormal plant situations is to cut rates by half, from 700MW to 350MW. Called a “runback,” this is a complicated and stressful procedure that takes about 20 minutes to accomplish. If done incorrectly or if important parameters are missed, the plant can fall to zero output.
• One of the main purposes of the simulator was to periodically re-train the operators for this situation. The operators have to use more than a dozen of the existing graphics to accomplish the task, involving a lot of navigation activity around screen callups and dismissals, along with control manipulation.
• The case study created special graphics specifically designed to assist in this task. Specific abnormal situation detection and response graphics are an important element of a High Performance HMI.
11-13-2012 14:22:09
Gross MW562
700
600
350
300
750
-0.50
30005
20 Min
MainSteam
psig2400
Furn Pres
in.H2O-0.5
20 Min
0
8
20 Min
In.hg
LPT-A3.2
LPT-B3.0
In.hg
UNIT 2: RUNBACK Graphic 1
Sec Airin.H2O
EconO2 %
Aux Stmpsig
Gross MW 562
TRICON DEMAND:
ACS DEMAND:
100.0%
100.0%Input new ACS DEMAND or use buttons:
90.0%
TRICON LOAD RATE:
VERYFAST
TURBINE MASTER MAN
TURBINE FOLLOW
BOILER FOLLOW
COORD CONTROL
CONSTANT PRESSURE
VARIABLE PRESSURE
75001020
20 min000
Econ O2%
5.0
Sec Air
in.H2O7.0
AirKLBH7400
400
Reserved Faceplate Zone
When any item on the screen is selected, the faceplate for that item appears in this reserved area.
All control manipulation is accomplished through the standardized faceplates.
Main Menu Runback 2 BPulv Overview C D E F G HA
7.1
0.2 0.2
LPT-Ain.hg
LPT-Bin.hg
300
Turb-X1Mills
300
Turb-X2Mills
10
DrumTop>Bot °F
3.1 3.1
A2BPFT
B2BPFT
-0.5
Furnin. H2O
3001000
ReheatdegF
10002400
Main SteamdegFpsig
5.07.0
A/FRatio
Auto7.050%
Auto5.050%
Boiler Master
65.12402
FuelMaster
Auto220050%
Auto65.048%
DecreaseLoad
IncreaseLoad
What’s wrong with this display?