February 20, 2005 Sharp – what and why Davis – mapping genes Clark - maize rootworm Bohnert - get genes/transcripts Tao – dynamics of genes Springer – making sense of all Plant Genome & Gene Complexity, Gene Regulation, Place & Timing, and how to sort the Players NSF DBI #0211842
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February 20, 2005 Sharp – what and why Davis – mapping genes Clark - maize rootworm Bohnert - get genes/transcripts Tao – dynamics of genes Springer –
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In Chrysanthemum species, the number of chromosomes fall into 5 categories: 18 chromosomes = diploid (2 copies of the monoploid) 36 chromosomes = tetrapoid (4 copies of the monoploid) 54 chromosomes = hexapoid (6 copies of the monoploid) 72 chromosomes = octaploid (8 copies of the monploid) 90 chromosomes = decaploid (10 copies of the monoploid)
50% of all flowering plants are polyploid.
• Ploidy changes - a recurring process• Many ‘diploid’ species have gone through ploidy changes• Fusions of related species new species
See: Arabidopsis
PIP2;2
Ch-1
PIP1;3 TIP3;2 NIP3;1 TIP2;xpseudo TIP3;1 NIP6;1
Ch-5
SIP1;2 NIP4;1 NIP4;2 TIP2;3 PIP2;4
5 10 20 30Mb
Ch-4
PIP1;4 TIP1;3 NIP5;1 TIP2;2NIP1;1NIP1;2 PIP1;5
Ch-3
TIP1;2TIP2;1NIP7;1SIP1;1 TIP5;1
PIP1;1
PIP2;1
PIP2;5
SIP2;1
Ch-2
PIP1;2TIP4;1NIP2;1pseudoNIP3;1pseudo NIP2;1
TIP1;1
PIP2;6
PIP2;3
PIP2;8
PIP2;7
(15)
(4)
(14)
(3)
(12)
- duplicated regions that include AQPs.
rDNA
AQP are distributed over all Chromosomes - a few clusters, many duplications
The Plant Genome ControlsControls for Gene Expression – many Switchboards
• Chromatin condensation state
• Local chromatin environment• Transcription initiation• Transcript elongation• mRNA splicing • mRNA export• mRNA place in the cell• RNA half-life• Killer microRNAs• Ribosome loading• Protein transport/targeting• Protein modifications• Protein turnover