2017 6 th International Conference on Innovations in Chemical, Biological, Agricultural and Environmental Engineering (ICIBCAE’ 2017) May 3-4, 2017 Bangkok, Thailand Feasibility of Biodiesel Business and Oleochemicals Industrialization Hassan I. El Shimi 1 , Hanem A. Sibak 1 , Nahed K. Attia 2 , Shakinaz T. El- Sheltawy 1 1 Chemical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Egypt 2 Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Egypt Presented by Dr. Eng. Hassan I. El- Shimi Assistant Professor, Chemical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Egypt Phone: +2 01024497780 E-mail: [email protected]Bangkok, Thailand in May 4 th , 2017
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2017 6th International Conference on Innovations in
Chemical, Biological, Agricultural and Environmental
Engineering (ICIBCAE’ 2017)
May 3-4, 2017 Bangkok, Thailand
Feasibility of Biodiesel Business and
Oleochemicals Industrialization
Hassan I. El Shimi1, Hanem A. Sibak1, Nahed K. Attia2, Shakinaz T. El- Sheltawy1 1Chemical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Egypt
2Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Egypt
Presented by
Dr. Eng. Hassan I. El- Shimi Assistant Professor, Chemical Engineering
Net Profit (NP), US$/year 236,938,510 38,822,135 36,373,805
Return on Investment (ROI), % 216 35.3 33.1
Pay-back time, year 0.4 2.3 2.5
Break-even cost , US$/ton 643 640 637
Verification of Thailand Target in 2026
The irrigated land is about 6,415 hectare and the total renewable water
resources were estimated to be 438 cubic kilometers
The arable land occupies 30.7% of the total land
Geography of Thailand and its climate change are critical issues
Jatropha Curcas Biodiesel
For a 1.0 MT Jatropha biodiesel project, a 3.8 MT of Jatropha seeds
(35% lipids).
3.15 ton seeds/acre by year three, in which 2.4 ton are hulls that can be
utilized as a feedstock for biogas production with US$120 per ton.
The seedcake can be used as a fertilizer
owing to the rich ratio of N:P:K 12:24:12 (200
kg of fertilizer/ 1 ton Jatropha seeds).
50420 hectares and 51 million cubic meters
irrigation water are necessary for Jatropha
curcas plantation, which is a formidable
figure.
Verification of Thailand Target in 2026
Oil palm plantation area: 504,200 km2
(320% arable land)
Verification of Thailand Target in 2026
Algal Biodiesel
Algal cultivation area depends on
the cultivation system (open ponds
or photobioreactors), the strain type
and its lipid content.
For Nannochloropsis sp. of 44% lipid
content and biomass productivity of
135mg per liter per day, the open pond
area necessitated is about 38,000
hectares.
Algae cultivation area: 380,000 km2
(241% arable land !!!)
Verification of Thailand Target in 2026
Palm Biodiesel
In 2016, a 1.0 MT of palm oil was used for edible
purposes in Thailand
Practically 25% can be collected as a
waste for biodiesel production.
Oil palm plantation area: 7,520 km2
(4.77% arable land)
Biodiesel
Production
Domestic
Consumption
Year End
Stock
Export
1.0 MT 0.83 MT 0.2 MT 0.25 MT
Oleo chemicals Production
It is the time…
Oleo chemical Industry
24 million tons in 2016, and will grow with
a rate of 7% in 2017
Malaysia and Thailand represent 70% of global
market
Fatty Acids
Fatty Alcohols
Fatty Amines
Fatty Acids Methyl Esters “Biodiesel”
Glycerol
Fatty alcohols
(Detergents) 55%
Fatty acids (Soaps)
30%
Biodiesel and
Lubricants 15%
Oleo chemical is the sum of the transesterification and hydrolysis processes to
convert the natural oils into sustainable products.
NA
TU
RA
L O
ILS
Fatty Alcohols
Glycerin
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
“Biodiesel”
Fatty Acids
Transesterification
Sp
litting
E
ste
rificatio
n
Dire
ct
hyd
rog
ena
tion
Am
inatio
n
Hyd
rog
ena
tion
Neutralization
Esterification
Ethoxylation
Esterification
Amination Fatty Amines
F.A. ethoxylates
F.A. esters
F.A. liquid soap
Triacetine
Partial glycerides
Non-ionic surfactant
Este
rs
F. O
H s
ulfa
tes
F. O
H e
tho
xyla
tes
Alk
yl c
hlo
ride
s
Alk
yl e
the
r su
lfate
Alk
yl e
tho
xyla
te
Alk
yl e
the
r
ca
rbo
xyla
te
Am
ine o
xid
e
F.A
. Alk
ano
lam
ide
s
Hyd
rog
ena
ted
lano
lin
Plant Source Seed oil content
(% oil by wt in
biomass)
Oil yield
(L oil/ha year)
Land use
(m2 year/kg
biodiesel)
Biodiesel
productivity
(kg biodiesel/ha year)
Corn 44 172 66 152
Soybean 18 636 18 562
Jatropha C. 28 741 15 656
Sunflower 40 1070 11 946
Castor 48 1307 9 1156
Palm oil 36 5366 2 4747
Microalgae
(medium oil content)
50 97 800 0.1 86 515
• Biodiesel is the fastest growing sub-sector of the
Oleochemicals industry.
• Oleochemicals industry is still a new business, growing
throughout the world and only survives by being a part of the
government policy.
• Feedstock is the controlling factor of biodiesel and oleochemical
industry.
Oleochemical Business Environment
• Considerably new business.
• Growing throughout the world.
• Environment / Energy security / Self sufficient.
• Only survive by government policy.
• Capacity way over demand.
• Availability of feedstock.
• Food vs. Fuel.
• FAME has its limitations.
• Sustainability.
Concluding Remarks
• Thailand has a solid plan to go.
• Local feedstock is enough for domestic consumption.
• Blending ratio has not been stable.
• The master plan of Thailand to mandate B10 by 2026 can be
achieved by investigating the waste cooking oils and
microalgal oils as feedstocks for biodiesel production besides
Jatropha curcas oils.
• Biodiesel business has been growing all over the world.
• Export market is an opportunity.
• Sustainability as key of success.
Concluding Remarks
• In this research, techno-economic appraisal of methyl esters
production approved the use of WCO, JCO and MAO as feedstocks
when their cost maintained below US$643, US$640 and US$637
per ton, respectively, for US$1000 per ton of biodiesel.
• Providing of 1.0MT biodiesel from waste palm oil and algal oil
besides Jatropha C. oil will achieve approximately 66% of the
targeting biodiesel consumption in 2026.
• Jatropha biofuel commercialization in Thailand is a tempting
alternative due to many risks related to environmental issues.
• Investigation of a sustainable feedstock is the focus point to develop
the oleochemical industries as their commercialization is still a new
business.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are gratefully acknowledged Chemical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Egypt for providing the financial support of this research, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant, National Research Centre of Egypt, for the valuable advice to carry out this work.
Author’ biography
• Hassan I. El Shimi is a Ph.D. Holder and working as
Assistant Professor at Chemical Engineering Department,
Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. He has
completed B.Sc. in 2010, M.Sc. in 2013 and Ph.D. in 2016
from Cairo University. Dr. El Shimi born on October 1st, 1988.
The research area includes Renewable energy "Biofuels",
Storage of energy from renewable sources, Environmental
engineering "Solid waste management and Wastewater
treatment", Process and Plant Design, Process Economics,
Industrial Biotechnology, Experiments Statistics and
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies. He has
published more than 17 papers in reputed journals and
conferences. For citations and copies of some of El Shimi'
papers, please visit my Cairo Scholar and ORCID pages.
• Hassan El Shimi is a member in the federation of Arab
Engineers. He is an Environmental Specialist responsible for
the preparation of environmental impact assessment (EIA)
studies for all types of industrial projects and a principle
engineer for preparing of feasibility studies and performance
improvement. His experience includes also the design of
wastewater treatment units.
• Dr. El Shimi has many key skills such as campaign planning,
project team leadership, presentation development, team
builder, perfect communication skills and working under
pressure, and whose skills helping him to achieve the