Feasability Study IP Tracom_english

7/31/2019 Feasability Study IP Tracom_english

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@jismombm{} S{zk}

`hr

Js{iobmsemgn {ej Mgkzs{rmib Qirf

hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` `hrdjr Qrhkzc{mhg

Chdqbju [ric{hr Qbig{ mg Cemsmgiz


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CHG[JG[S

9 Mgkzs{rmib Qirf chgcjq{ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >

9'9 Imds igk holjc{mpjs h` {ej `jismombm{} s{zk} '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =

9'? Dj{ehkhbhn} h` {ej s{zk} ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =

9'3 [}qjs h` rjsmkjg{ jg{jrqrmsjs h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 99191

9'; Bjnib juqjr{msj hg {ej Bi~ qrhpmsmhgs rjnirkmgn {ej js{iobmsedjg{ h` Mgkzs{rmib Qirfs ''' 9;

9';'9 Mgcjg{mpjs qrhpmkjk zqhg {ej crji{mhg igk `zgc{mhgmgn h` mgkzs{rmib qirfs '''''''''''''''''' 90

9';'? Bjnib chdqbmigcj h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf diginjdjg{ chdqig} ''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' 90

? Js{iobmsedjg{ h` {ej Mgkzs{rmib Qirf hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` `hrdjr Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju Z|mgi kj{ric{hirj kmg Cemsmgiz''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 95

?'9 Kj`mgmgn {ej qrhobjd ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 95

?'9'9 Gj{ `hrjnmg mgpjs{djg{ `bh~ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?9

?'? Kminghs{mc igib}sms h` {ej jg{jrqrmsjs ~m{emg {ej `hrdjr Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju /Z|mgi kj

{ric{hirj kmg Cemsmgiz/" {jrrm{hr} sj{ `hr {ej js{iobmsedjg{ h` ig mgkzs{rmib qirf '''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''' ?0

?'?'9 Ems{hrmcib jphbz{mhg h` {ej Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju Z|mgi kj {ric{hirj kmg Cemsmgiz ''' ?0

? ? ? Km m b m ` LSC /[ Qb [ ?=


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3'9 Js{iobmsedjg{ h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf {erhzne {ej `mkzcmir} diginjdjg{ h` {ej 91 lhmg{

s{hcf chdqigmjs crji{jk hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` `hrdjr Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju [ric{hr Qbig{ mg

Cemsmgiz" `hbbh~mgn {ej qrmpi{m|i{mhg qrhnrid mg 9==: igk 9=== ''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''' 0;

3'9'9 Qzobmc ciqm{ib chdqig} '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 00

3'9'? Qzobmc$qrmpi{j ciqm{ib chdqig} ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0>

3'9'3 [rigs`jr h` qzobmc nhhks kjs{mgjk `hr {ej crji{mhg h` ig mgkzs{rmib qirf {h i chdqig}

sjbjc{jk hg i chdqj{m{mpj oisms chdqbmig{ ~m{e Qzobmc Qrmpi{j Qir{gjrsemq Bi~''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''' 0>

3'? [ej js{iobmsedjg{ h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf {erhzne djrnjr %djrnjr igk icyzmsm{mhg- h` {ej

91 lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs crji{jk hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` `hrdjr Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju /Z|mgi kj

{ric{hirj kmg Cemsmgiz/" `hbbh~mgn {ej qrmpi{m|i{mhgs mg 9==: igk 9=== ''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' 0=

3'?'9 Qrhcjkzrj `hr djrnjr {erhzne ioshrq{mhg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >9

3'?'? Hqmgmhgs ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >>

3'3 [ej js{iobmsedjg{ h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf {erhzne {ej bjisj h` issj{s h` {ej {jg lhmg{ s{hcf

chdqigmjs crji{jk hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` `hrdjr /Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju [ric{hr Qbig{ mg Cemsmgiz/"

`hbbh~mgn {ej qrmpi{m|i{mhg qrhnrid mg 9==: igk 9=== '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >5

3'3'9 Bjisj h` {ej issj{s h` {ej lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >5

3'3'? [ej j``jc{s h` ceignmgn {ej h~gjr h` {ej bjisjk js{i{j'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 59

3'3'3 [ej bjnib chgsyzjgcjs h` mdqrhpjdjg{ h` {ej bjisjk issj{s '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5?

3'3'; [ej bjisj h` issj{s ~ejrj {ej} irj yzibm`mjk is zgzsjk issj{s h` {ej jg{jrqrmsjs ''''''' 53

3'3': Hqmgmhgs ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5;


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0'3'9 Hqmgmhgs ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 91=

> Jgpmrhgdjg{ib mdqic{ issjssdjg{ zqhg {ej crji{mhg h` ig mgkzs{rmib qirf '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''' 991

>'9 Qhbbz{mgn mgkmci{hrs '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 999

BMS[ H@ [IOBJS

[iobj 9< Chdqiri{mpj dicrhjchghdmc jphbz{mhg h` {ej _jqzobmc h` Dhbkhpi" mg rjbi{mhg {h Jzrhqj

igk Cjg{rib Ismi rjnmhg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?9

[iobj ?< Kms{rmoz{mhg h` gj{ @M `bh~ o} irjis h` ic{mpm{} %irji" seirj-" ?11=$?110 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ??

[iobj 3< Schrjohirk h` {ej `hrjmng mgpjs{djg{ s{hcfs mg jyzm{mjs" nrig{jk bhigs igk crjkm{s %o}

pibzj h` mgpjs{djg{s-" jgk h` ?11= ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?3

[iobj ;< Qjr`hrdigcj mgkmci{hrs h` {ej chdqigmjs mg hrdjr Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju [ric{hr Qbig{ mgCemsmgiz''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?5[iobj :< Kjo{s {h {ej s{i{j ozknj{ jucjq{ LSC [richd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?5[iobj 0< Kjo{s {h {ej Shcmib Mgszrigcj @zgk jucjq{ LSC [richd''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?5

[iobj >< Qjrshggjb kjo{s jucjq{ LSC [richd''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?5[iobj 5< Sibjss{rzc{zrj h` LSC [richd'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 39

[iobj =< @mgigcmib hz{chdj h` LSC [richd" ?11>$?11= ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3?[iobj 91< Jdqbh}jk qjrshggjb h` LSC [richd o} inj''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 33[iobj 99< Qjrshggjb jdqbh}jk i{ LSC [richd o} jkzci{mhg kjnrjj '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 33[iobj 9?< Crjkm{ kjo{s h` LSC [richd'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 33[iobj 93< Issj{ s{rzc{zrj h` LSC [richd" ceignj mg ioshbz{j pibzjs'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3;

[ ob 9; I m e m LSC [ m b 3:


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[iobj 3: S{injs h` {ej djrnjr qrhcjss igk {ej mdqbjdjg{i{mhg {jrd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >0

[iobj 30 Issjssdjg{ h` {ej ojgj`m{s igk kmsikpig{injs mg {ej crji{mhg h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf

{erhzne djrnjr %ioshrq{mhg- '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >>

[iobj 3>< Js{mdi{mgn {ej ojgj`m{s igk kmsikpig{injs mg crji{mgn {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf o} rjg{mgn {ej

issj{s h` {ej lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5;

[iojb 35< Igib}sms h` ojgj`m{s igk kri~oicfs h` js{iobmsemgn i gj~ lhmg{ s{hcf chdqig} ~ehsj

rjnm{jrjk ciqm{ib seibb oj `hrdjk o} {ej chg{rmoz{mhgs h` {ej 91 lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs '''''''''''''''' ''''''' 55

[iobj 3=< Js{mdi{mgn {ej bjpjb h` kjj{i{m|i{mhg h` {ej chdqigmjs hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` [ric{hr Qbig{ mg

Cemsmgiz '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5=

[iobj ;1< [ej igib}sms h` ojgj`m{s igk kri~oicfs hg {ej js{iobmsedjg{ h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf o}

sjbbmgn {ej {ej s{i{j.s seirj obhcf {h qrmpi{j mgpjs{hrs' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =1

[iobj ;9< Mgpjs{djg{ qbig jbjdjg{s< jbjc{rmcib jgjrn} gj{~hrf'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =>

[iobj ;?< Mgpjs{djg{ qbig jbjdjg{s< ~i{jr(sj~inj gj{~hrf '''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''' =>

[iobj ;3 Mgpjs{djg{ qbig jbjdjg{s< rhik(rimbrhik gj{~hrf '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =>

[iobj ;;< Mgpjs{djg{ qbig jbjdjg{s< {jbjchddzgmci{mhgs '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =5

[iobj ;:< Chgshbmki{jk mgpjs{djg{ qbig< rjghpi{mhg h` {ej {jcegmcib igk qrhkzc{mhg mg`ris{rzc{zrj

{h oj chggjc{jk {h {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =5

[iobj ;0< Mgpjs{djg{s mg qrhkzc{mhg mg`ris{rzc{zrj o} {ej `z{zrj rjsmkjg{s h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf ' ==[iobj ;>< Qrmcj$sj{{mgn `hr {ej rjg{ h` {ej ikdmgms{ri{mpj sqicjs h` {ej MQ" Jzrh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' 911

[iobj ;5 Js{mdi{jk rjg{ cibczbi{mhg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 919

[iobj ;= Js{mdi{jk cibczbi{mhg h` rjpjgzjs njgjri{jk o} qrhpmsmhg h` sjrpmcjs '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' 919

[iobj :1< Qrhljc{jk `mgigcmib rjszb{ h` {ej MQ diginmgn chdqig} %i- '''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' 91?

[iobj :9 Qrhljc{jk `mgigcmib rjszb{ h` {ej MQ diginmgn chdqig} %i- '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''' 91?

[iobj :?< Qrhljc{jk cise `bh~ h` {ej MQ diginjdjg{ chdqig} %i- ''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''' 913

[ ob :3 Q l { k e `b ` {e MQ { %o- 913


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@mnzrj 91< Nhhks igk di{jrmibs s{hcfs h` LSC [richd''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 30@mnzrj 99< LSC [richd Qrhqjr{} s{rzc{zrj ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 30@mnzrj 9?< Dzg' h` Cemsmgiz" Fj} qjr`hrdigcj mgkmci{hrs h` {ej qrhkzc{mhg h` nhhks igk sjrpmcjs

%mg * chdqirjk {h {ej sidj qjrmhk h` {ej qrjpmhzs }jir - '''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''' ;9

@mnzrj 93< Dzg' h` Cemsmgiz' S{rzc{zrj h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qrhkzc{mhg o} {}qj h` h~gjrsemq '''''''''''''''''' ;9

@mnzrj 9;< Jchghdmc injg{s o} {}qj h` ic{mpm{}" dzg' h` Cemsmgiz ?115$?11=" * '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ;:

@mnzrj 9:< Ipjrinj dhg{eb} sibir} o} {}qj h` ic{mpm{}" dzg' h` Cemsmgiz" ?11=" bjm ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;=

@mnzrj 90 \hgib&{jrrm{hrmib kjbmdm{i{mhg h` Cemsmgiz Dzgmcmqibm{} mg`ris{rzc{zrj '''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' :9

@mnzrj 9>< Sqicj rjqrjsjg{i{mhg h` {ej {jrrm{hr} iklicjg{ {h {ej [ric{hr Qbig{ mg Cemsmgiz ''''''''''''''''' :>

@mnzrj 95< Chgs{rzc{mhg h` {ej 9=31$9=;1 qjrmhk hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` Z|mgi kj [ric{hirj kmg

Cemsmgiz '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' :=

@mnzrj 9=< Chgs{rzc{mhg ozmb{ kzrmgn 9=>1$9=51 hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` Z|mgi kj [ric{hirj kmg Cemsmgiz

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 01

@mnzrj ?1< Nis szqqb} gj{~hrf ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 01

@mnzrj ?9< Jbjc{rmcm{} szqqb} gj{~hrfs hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` Z|mgi kj [ric{hirj kmg Cemsmgiz''''''''''' '''' 09

@mnzrj ?? [ej rimb~i} hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` {ej [ric{hr Qbig{ mg Cemsmgiz '''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''' 0?

@mnzrj ?3< [ej scejdi{mc rjqrjsjg{i{mhg h` {ej `mkzcmir} diginjdjg{ hq{mhg h` {ej {jg lhmg{ s{hcf

chdqigmjs igk {ejmr issj{s ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 05@mnzrj ?;< Nriqemc rjqrjsjg{i{mhg %chgshbmki{mhg(ioshro{mhg- h` {ej jums{mgn {jg lhmg{ s{hcf

chdqigmjs '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >9

@mnzrj ?:< Nriqemcib rjqrjsjg{i{mhg h` {ej bjisj {rigsic{mhg h` {ej issj{s zqhg {ej js{iobmsedjg{ h`

{ej mgkzs{rmib qirf '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >=

@mnzrj ?0< Js{iobmsedjg{ h` i gj~ lhmg{ s{hcf chdqig} ~ehsj rjnms{jrjk ciqm{ib seibb oj `hrdjk

{erhzne {ej chg{rmoz{mhgs h` {ej 91 lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` `hrdjr /Qrhkzc{mhg

C b [ Qb m Cem m / 50


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9 MGKZS[_MIB QI_F CHGCJQ[

[ej qejghdjghg h` nbhoibm|i{mhg icchzg{s `hr {ej ceignj mg {ej jchghdmc s{i{zs h` {ejkjpjbhqjk chzg{rmjs igk ms ig mdqhr{ig{ igk qrhdmgjg{ `ji{zrj h` {ej czrrjg{ jchghdmc

kjpjbhqdjg{' [ej jums{mgn qrjsszrjs hg {ej s{rzc{zrib ikiq{i{mhgs mg {ej irji h`

qrhkzc{mhg" mgpjs{djg{ igk ozsmgjss ms i chddhg `ji{zrj h` {ej ~hrbk jchghdmc

kjpjbhqdjg{' [ej juqjrmjgcj igk fgh~$eh~ h` dhs{ kjpjbhqjk jzrhqjig chzg{rmjs seh~

{ei{ {ej crji{mhg h` ciqm{ib rjshzrcjs igk {ejmr zsjs rjqrjsjg{ hgj h` {ej dhs{ crzcmib igk

mdqhr{ig{ yzjs{mhgs {h jgszrj {ej szs{imgiombm{} h` {ej jchghdmc qrhnrjss" ~ehsj

`zgkidjg{ k~jbbs mg ciqm{ib {iqqmgn igk {ej kjpjbhqdjg{ h` mgkzs{rmib qirfs' @hr {ej

_jqzobmc h` Dhbkhpi" mgkzs{rmib qirfs rjqrjsjg{ ig hqqhr{zgm{} {h i{{ric{ mgpjs{djg{

mg`bh~s" mgcbzkmgn `hrjmng" igk ms i kmrjc{ ìc{hr {h bh~jr zgjdqbh}djg{'

Pirmhzs kj`mgm{mhgs h` Mgkzs{rmib Qirfs %ejrjmgi`{jr MQ- eipj ojjg dikj' Oz{ {ej kj`mgm{mhg

dikj o} {ej Zgm{jk Gi{mhgs Mgkzs{rmib Kjpjbhqdjg{ Hrnigm|i{mhg ms chgsmkjrjk {h oj {ej

orhikjs{' Icchrkmgn {h ZGMKHs kj`mgm{mhg" Ig mgkzs{rmib qirf cig oj kj`mgjk is i {ric{ h`bigk kjpjbhqjk igk szokmpmkjk mg{h qbh{s icchrkmgn {h i chdqrjejgsmpj qbig ~m{e hr

~m{ehz{ ozmb{$zq %ikpigcj- ìc{hrmjs" shdj{mdjs ~m{e chddhg ìcmbm{mjs igk shdj{mdjs

~m{ehz{ {ejd" `hr {ej zsj h` i nrhzq h` mgkzs{rmibms{s %ZGMKH" 9==>" q'91-' [~h qhmg{s mg{ej kj`mgm{mhg iohpj gjjk idqbm`mci{mhg' [ej chdqrjejgsmpj qbig rj`jrs gh{ hgb} {h {ej

qe}smcib qbiggmgn h` {ej qirf" oz{ ibsh {h m{s mddjkmi{j jchghdmc igk shcmib jgpmrhgdjg{"

igk m{s rhbj issmngjk mg {ej rjnmhgib hr zroig kjpjbhqdjg{ qbig'


8/118

igk(hr {jceghbhnmcib kjpjbhqdjg{ mg i sqjcm`mc rignj h` ìcmbm{mjs {h juqbhm{ ezdig igk

di{jrmib qh{jg{mib h` i rjnmhg'

[ej mgkzs{rmib innbhdjri{mhg {jrd cig ibsh oj ikkjk {h {ejhrj{mcibb} kj`mgj MQqjczbmirm{mjs' Mg rjcjg{ kjcikjs" {ejrj jums{jk ig mgcrjisjk mg{jrjs{ `hr {ej {ejhr} h`

mgkzs{rmib innbhdjri{mhgs" oisjk hg Dirseibbs jchghdmc s{zkmjs" bhci{mhg {ejhr} h` ^jojrigk h{ejrs" igk bi{jr {ej ikkm{mhgs o} {ej chg{jdqhrir} sqjcmibms{s mg mgkzs{rmib jchghdmjs"

rjnmhgib jchghdmjs igk mg{jrgi{mhgib {rikj" j{c' ~eh kmsczssjk {ej ìc{hrs" `hrdi{mhg

djceigmsd igk `zgc{mhgmgn h` {ej mgkzs{rmib innbhdjri{mhg9'

Mgkzs{rmib innbhdjri{mhg rj`jrs {h {ej sqi{mib icczdzbi{mhg h` jg{jrqrmsjs" ojbhgnmgn {h {ej

sidj origce(mgkzs{r} hr mddjkmi{j oricejs(mgkzs{rmjs'? êj{ejr hg pjr{mcib kmpmsmhg hr

ehrm|hg{ib chhqjri{mhg" szce jg{jrqrmsjs difj zq ig hrnigmc ~ehbj {ei{ ormgns iohz{

innbhdjri{j qrh`m{s igk ig hpjribb mgcrjisj' [h szd zq" {ej dimg qjczbmirm{mjs h` {ejmgkzs{rmib innbhdjri{mhgs irj {ej rjnmhgib chgcjg{ri{mhg igk mgkzs{rmib s}domhsms'

[ej innbhdjri{mhg h` jg{jrqrmsjs h` i cjr{img mgkzs{rmib ceimg cig rimsj {ej qrhkzc{mhg mg i

nrji{ kjnrjj" {ejg bh~jr {ej ipjrinj chs{s igk rjibm|j {ej mgkzs{rmib jchghd} h` scibj' [ej

mg`ris{rzc{zrj ìcmbm{mjs igk biohzr qhhb nrji{b} rimsj jg{jrqrmsjs iombm{mjs h` chdqj{m{mhgigk mgghpi{mhg %s}gjrnmc j``jc{-' Mgkzs{rmib innbhdjri{mhgs bjik {h i kjcrjisj mg

{rigsic{mhg chs{s' Gjir$o} bhci{mhg h` jg{jrqrmsjs cig nrji{b} kjcrjisj {ej {rigsqhr{ chs{s

igk nmpj i rmsj {h {ej mgkzs{rmib cbmdi{j" i{{ric{mgn dhrj ju{jrgib szqqbmjrs igk chgszdjrs"

{ezs s{rjgn{ejgmgn {ej gjnh{mi{mhg iombm{}3'


9/118

[ems s{zk} ~mbb igib}sj {ej `jismombm{} h` crji{mgn ig Mgkzs{rmib Qirf hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` {ej

`hrdjr Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju [ric{hr Qbig{ mg Cemsmgiz %Z|mgi kj [ric{hirj kmgCemsmgiz-'

9'9 IMDS IGK HOLJC[MPJS H@ [EJ @JISMOMBM[] S[ZK]

[ej holjc{mpj h` {ej `jismombm{} s{zk}hg {ej crji{mhg h` ig mgkzs{rmib qirf hg {ej {jrrm{hr}

h` `hrdjr Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju [ric{hr Qbig{ mg Cemsmgiz chdqrmsjs i kj{imbjk igib}sms h`bjnib" jchghdmc" `mgigcmib" shcmib igk {jcegmcib cmrczds{igcjs" imdmgn {h kjdhgs{ri{j {ej

pmiombm{} h` crji{mgn {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf' [ems icchzg{s dimgb} {h mdqhr{s %>?";* h` NKQ- igk eis

ojjg icemjpjk kzj {h {ej smngm`mcig{ phbzdj h` rjdm{{igcjs %??";* h` NKQ-'

[iobj 9< Chdqiri{mpj dicrhjchghdmc jphbz{mhg h` {ej _jqzobmc h` Dhbkhpi" mg rjbi{mhg {h Jzrhqj igk

Cjg{rib Ismi rjnmhg

#9=== ?11=

* h` NKQ Qhs' JCI * h` NKQ Qhs' JCI

Nrhss `mgib chgszdq{mhg 99:"3 : 9:1": ?

_jdm{{igcjs =": ; ??"; ?

Mdqhr{s 0>"; = >?"; 3Juqhr{s :? 93 ;1"> 31

Shzrcj< ^hrbk ki{i Oigf" GOS" GOD

Idhgn {ej dilhr dmsoibigcjs mg {ej gi{mhgib jchghd} irj {ej `hrdi{mhg igk zsj h`

rjshzrcjs' [ej ikkjk pibzj mg inrmczb{zrj icchzg{jk `hr sbmne{b} hpjr 91* h` NKQ bis{ }jir

%?5* mg 9===-" smdmbir {h {ej ikkjk pibzj mg mgkzs{r} %9=* mg 9===- igk" i{ {ej sidj {mdj"

dzce bh~jr chdqirjk {h {ej sjrpmcjs sjc{hr >=* %:3* mg 9===-' [ej jums{mgn sm{zi{mhgrjyzmrjs djiszrjs {ei{ ~hzbk mgcrjisj {ej seirj h` h{ejr .binnirk. sjc{hrs mg NKQ"

jsqjcmibb} h` mgkzs{r}'

Hgj h` {ej shbz{mhgs szodm{{jk ~m{emg {ej qrhnrids ms {ej crji{mhg h` mgkzs{rmib qirfs" mg

szqqhr{ h` ~emce {ej Qirbmidjg{ h` {ej _jqzobmc h` Dhbkhpi ikhq{jk {ej gj~ bi~ %gr' 95?-

` 9: 1 ?191 e e b k e b ` 93 1 ?11 k b f


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@mnzrj ;< Jphbz{mhg h` {ej iggzib gj{ `bh~ h` `hrjmng mgpjs{djg{s mg Dhbkhpi %kmrjc{" qhr{`hbmh j{c'-"

?11;$?11=

Is chdqirjk {h {ej qrjpmhzs }jir" ?11= rjchrkjk i seirqjr kjcrjisj h` @M' I{ {ej ?115

}jir$jgk" {ej gj{ `bh~ h` @M ~is qir{mczbirb} gh{mcjiobj o} m{s `rinmbj s{rzc{zrj' [ej sjpjrj

chg{ric{mhg h` @KM gj{ oibigcj mg {ej rjnms{jrjk ciqm{ib igk {ej crzgce h` crjkm{s igk bhigs

nrig{jk o} {ej `hrjmng `hzgkjrs {h {ej rjsmkjg{ jg{jrqrmsjs seh~ ig hopmhzs fmcfoicf h`

{ej `hrjmng mgpjs{djg{s `rhd {ej gi{mhgib jchghd}'


23/118

#?11= ?115 ?11> ?110

Irji * Irji * Irji * Irji *

> Ejib{e 0"= Chgs{rzc{mhgs ?":Eh{jbs &

_js{izrig{s?"5 Inrmczb{zrj 9"1

5Eh{jbs &

_js{izrig{s;"0 H{ejr ?"3 H{ejr 1"5 H{ejr 1"0

= Inrmczb{zrj ?"9Eh{jbs &

_js{izrig{s1"? Inrmczb{zrj 1">

Eh{jbs &

_js{izrig{s1"3

91@mgigcmib

ic{mpm{mjs$9;"0 Ejib{e 1"1

Jgjrn}" nis"

~i{jr$9": Ejib{e 1"9

99Jgjrn}" nis"

~i{jr$:3"3 Jgjrn}" nis" ~i{jr $1"5 Jkzci{mhg 1"1

Jgjrn}" nis"

~i{jr$1"=

Iz{ehrs cibczbi{mhgs oisjk hg s{i{ms{mcib ki{i

Icchrkmgn {h js{mdi{js" `hrjmng mgpjs{djg{s imd dhs{ h`{jg i{ `mgigcmib ic{mpm{mjs" {rikj"

digz`ic{zrmgn mgkzs{r} igk rjib js{i{j {rigsic{mhgs


24/118

Icchrkmgn {h {ej bjnib qrhpmsmhgs h` Bi~ gh' 95? h` 9:'1>'?191 hg mgkzs{rmib qirfs" {ej bms{

h` mgcjg{mpjs mg ir{mcbj 9? h``jrjk `hr mgkzs{rmib qirfs djg{mhgs i fj} msszj `hr mgpjs{hrs

igk qrmpi{j qrhkzcjrs" qir{mczbirb} {h ìcmbm{i{j hq{mdm|i{mhg h` s{i{j chg{rhbs hpjr {ej

ic{mpm{} h` mgkzs{rmib qirf rjsmkjg{s o} cirr}mgn hz{ qbiggjk cejcfs icchrkmgn {h {ej iggzibb}

iqqrhpjk scejkzbj o} Nhpjrgdjg{ kjcmsmhgs hr zgigghzgcjk chg{rhbs cirrmjk hz{ mg

inrjjdjg{ ~m{e {ej Dmgms{r} h` Jchghd} zgkjr {ej bi~s mg `hrcj'

[ej mdqhr{igcj h` {ej ìcmbm{mjs rj`jrrjk {h zqhg {ej crji{mhg h` mgkzs{rmib qirfs ms

chg`mrdjk o} {ej rjszb{s h` {ej s{zk} hg qjrcjq{mhgs h` {ej gi{mhgib mgpjs{djg{ cbmdi{j

s{i{j igk k}gidmcs" cirrmjk hz{ hg ig igib}sms h` 0?9 chdqigmjs sjbjc{jk `rhd rjsmkjg{

chdqigmjs mg {ej _jqzobmc' [ems s{zk} eis mkjg{m`mjk {ei{ {ej njgjrib mgkmci{hr h` {mdj"

~emce ms i njgjrib js{mdi{j h` s{i{j.s mgphbpjdjg{ mg {ej ic{mpm{} h` ozsmgjssjs" eik i

kh~g~irk {rjgk mg ?191 hosjrpjk kzrmgn {ej bis{ smu }jirs" kjcrjismgn `rhd 99'?* {h

="=*' Diginjrs. pmj~ hg {ej ozsmgjss jgpmrhgdjg{ ojcidj dhrjqhsm{mpj chdqirjk {h {ej

qrjpmhzs }jir %@mnzrj 0-' Hpjr {ej qis{ }jir {ej qjrcjg{inj h` rjsqhgkjg{s ~eh s{i{jk {ei{

{ej ozsmgjss sm{zi{mhg ~hrsjgjk `jbb `rhd ;?* {h ?0*' Mg ikkm{mhg" {ej seirj h` {ehsj ~eh

eipj gh{mcjk mdqrhpjdjg{s mgcrjisjk smngm`mcig{b} `rhd : {h ??*' [ifmgn mg{h icchzg{{ejsj rjszb{s igk {ej djg{mhgjk ìcmbm{}" {ej crji{mhg h` mgkzs{rmib qirfs {zrgs hz{ is ig

mdqhr{ig{ qrjchgkm{mhg `hr rjpm{ibm|mgn {ej ozsmgjss sjc{hr mg njgjrib igk {ej mgkzs{rmib

qrh`mbjk mg qir{mczbir:-

9"05 1"03 1"05 1">= u 1"5= $?"?3 1";5 u 9"== u 1"=3 u

[ej cibczbi{jk mgkmci{hrs h` {ej chdqigmjs ic{mpm{} qjr`hrdigcj lzs{m`} {ej mgjpm{iobj


29/118

LSC Omch{ri 3=9"?[h{ib 931?"9

Mg chgcbzsmhg" m{ sehzbk oj rj{imgjk {ei{1' [ems sjc{hr chdqrmsjs dhrj {eig :11 dicemgjs" hpjr 31* h`~emce irj sqjcmibm|jk dicemgjs {ei{ ciggh{ oj zsjk mg {ej digz`ic{zrj h` h{ejr

qir{s" ~m{e dig} h` {ejd chdqbj{jb} ~hrg hz{'

Issjdob} igk {js{mgn kmpmsmhg chdqrmsjs : chgpj}hrs" 30 {js{s{igks Nibpigmc kmpmsmhg ^jbkmgn kmpmsmhg

Kmpmsmhg h` qbis{mc kj{imb qrhkzc{mhg

[ejrdib qrhcjssmgn kmpmsmhg

@mnzrj 5< Hrnigm|i{mhg ceir{ h` {ej dimg issjdob} chgpj}hr kmpmsmhg3 51= 915 9==

[ej chs{s lzdqjk smngm`mcig{b} mg ?11=" is i rjszb{ h` {ej izs{jrm{} djiszrjs mdqbjdjg{jk

{h szosjyzjg{b} rjkzcj {ej chs{s hg hqjri{mhgib ic{mpm{}' ?11= chgs{m{z{js i bigkdirf }jir

mg {ei{ {ej chdqig} mgczrrjk juqjgsjs mg {ej s{i`` rjkzc{mhg igk kmsqhsib h` zgzsiobj

nhhks ci{jnhrmjs" ojchdmgn i~irj h` {ej sehr{chdmgns mg {ej mgpjg{hr} qrhcjss" j{c'

?11= juqjgsjs hq{mdm|i{mhg djiszrjs=

Idhr{m|i{mhg 93? >?: ;9 =;=

Sibir} juqjgkm{zrj %mgcb' s{i{j igk djkmcmgj

mgszrigcj-3 >13 15? 9 ??? =1>

H{ejr hqjri{mhgib juqjgkm{zrj 9 ;0; 910 ;>; 50?

Gj{ qrh`m{ 9 109 =90 u

Is jpmkjgcjk" is i rjszb{ h` {ej rjs{rzc{zrmgn djiszrjs zgkjr{ifjg mg ?11=" {ej chdqig}

~mbb rjchrk i qhsm{mpj `mgigcmib rjszb{ o} {ej jgk h` ?191 idhzg{mgn {h 9 109 =90 bjm'

?'?'?'3Ezdig rjshzrcjs igk s{i`` rjnms{jr

[ej kjcrjisj mg {ej qrhkzc{mhg ic{mpm{} rjyzmrjk i s{rhgn s{i`` rjkzc{mhg `rhd ;1= qjhqbj

{h 930 mg ?11=' [ej chdqig} czrrjg{b} jdqbh}s 91: qjhqbj'

Inj mgkmci{hrs rjpjib {ei{ iqqrhu' 51* h` {ej jdqbh}jk s{i`` irj hpjr ;: }jirs h` inj'

[iobj 91< Jdqbh}jk qjrshggjb h` LSC [richd o} inj

Inj nrhzq Gh' h` qjhqbj Seirj mg {h{ib s{i``

Zq {h 3: }'h' 9? 99"1*

oj{~jjg 3:$;: }'h' 99 91"9*


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Crjkm{ idhzg{ igk mg{jrjs{ qi}djg{s 35> =:0

Kjo{s {h {ej s{i{j ozknj{ ? :11 3?9

Kjo{s {h {ej Shcmib Mgszrigcj @zgk ;=? >39

Kjo{s {h {ej Djkmcib Mgszrigcj @zgk 9;= 51;

H{ejr crjkm{hrs >3> :5;

[h{ib ; :=; >91

Mg {jrds h` {ej kjo{s {h {ej s{i{j ozknj{" {ej [iu Mgsqjc{hri{j Ozmzcigm" Cemsmgiz"

ikkrjssjk i rjyzjs{ {h {ej S{i{j Mgsqjc{hri{j `hr i kjo{ rjs{rzc{zrmgn'

?'?'?':Jchghdmc igk `mgigcmib igib}sms

[ej {h{ib pibzj h` issj{s h` {ej chdqig} i{ {ej jgk h` }jir ?11= ~is :5 >?> :>3 bjm'

Chdqirjk {h {ej qrjpmhzs }jir %?115- {ej pibzj h` {ej issj{s eis kmdmgmsejk o} $= 531 :30

bjm %$9;'3;*-" igk o} $93 35>909 bjm mg ?11> %$95'0*-' [ej krhq ~is kzj {h {ej

qrhghzgcjk kjcrjisjs h` bhgn${jrd issj{s is i rjszb{ h` issj{ chddjrcmib igk rjkzc{mhg h`

sehr{${jrd issj{s" rjszb{mgn `rhd {ej chdqig} qrhkzc{mhg ic{mpm{} qrjsjrpi{mhg %[iobj 93-'

[iobj 93< Issj{ s{rzc{zrj h` LSC [richd" ceignj mg ioshbz{j pibzjs

?11> ?115 ?11=ISSJ[S

M' Bhgn${jrd issj{s


35/118

[iobj 9;< Issj{ ~jmne{ mg LSC [richd ciqm{ib

ISSJ[S

M' Bhgn${jrd issj{s

Mg{ignmobj issj{s 1"1* 1"1* 1"1*@mujk issj{s :="=* 09"1* 0?"1*

Bhgn${mdj `mgigcmib issj{s 9">* 9"5* 3"9*

H{ejr bhgn${jrd issj{s 1"0* 1":* 1"0*

[H[IB CEIQ[J_ 9 0?"?* 03"3* 0:">*

MM' Czrrjg{ issj{s

Nhhks igk di{jrmibs s{hcfs 39"=* 3;"5* 3?"9*

$ di{jrmibs 99":* 91"9* 91";*

$ sehr{${jrd holjc{s h` sdibb pibzj 91"9* 5":* >";*$ qrhkzc{s >"3* 93"9* 91">*

$ nhhks 1":* 1":* 1"0*

$ h{ejr ?":* ?"0* 3"1*

Sehr{${jrd rjcjmpiobjs :"=* 9">* 9"5*

Dhgj{ir} djigs 1"1* 1"?* 1"?*

H{ejr czrrjg{ issj{s 1"1* 1"9* 1"3*

[H[IB CEIQ[J_ ? 3>"5* 30">* 3;"3*[H[IB NJGJ_IB ISSJ[S 911"1* 911"1* 911"1*

[ej bhgn${jrd issj{s i{ }jir$jgk ?11= chgs{m{z{jk 35 :>: >:3 bjm' Is chdqirjk {h ?115"

{ej pibzj h` {ej issj{s eis kjcrjisjk o} ; 519 =50 Bjm %$99'1>*-" igk o} 0"?;;"=?0 bjm %$

93'=0*- mg ?11>' [ej kjcrjisj ~is birnjb} kzj {h {ej emne kjqrjcmi{mhg h` bhgn${jrd


36/118


37/118

Jchghdmm {h qi} {ej sibir} kmsdmssib chdqjgsi{mhgs' Is h` Ligzir} :" ?199" {ej {h{ib

idhzg{ h` {ej chdqig}.s kjo{ rjchrkjk ; :=; >91 bjm'

?'?'?'0 LSC [richd bmyzmkm{}[h{ib Bmyzmkm{} rj`bjc{s {ej idhzg{ h` {ej {h{ib czrrjg{ issj{s h` {ej chdqig}" {h oj ohzne{

hr shbk mg {ej dirfj{ mg i sehr{ idhzg{ h` {mdj" {ezs njgjri{mgn {ej gjcjssir} bmyzmkm{} {h

djj{ {ej `mgigcmib hobmni{mhgs' Mg ?11= {ems mgkmci{hr rjnms{jrjk i ?'10 pibzj" ~m{emg {ej

rjchddjgkjk qjrmhk" ~m{e i {~h`hbk kjcrjisj hg {ej bh~jr bmdm{ chdqirjk {h ?115'

[ej sm{zi{mhg h` {ej dhs{ mdqhr{ig{ mgkmci{hr mg {ems ci{jnhr}" {ej mg{jrmd bmyzmkm{} ri{mh"

~emce ms ojbh~ {ej rjyzmrjk bjpjb" ibsh {rzj `hr {ej bis{ 3 }jirs" rj`bjc{s ig mgj``mcmjg{diginjdjg{ h` {ej czrrjg{ issj{s igk km``mczb{mjs mg djj{mgn m{s `mgigcmib hobmni{mhgs %{iobj

9:-'

[iobj 9:< Bmyzmkm{} chj``mcmjg{s h` LSC [richd

Bmyzmkm{} chj``mcmjg{s

?11> ?115 ?11=?11= chdqirjk {h ?11>"

($

Ioshbz{j bmyzmkm{} ri{mh %1'?1$1'?:- 1'11 1'1? 1'19 1'19 ?39'0*

Mg{jrmd bmyzmkm{} ri{mh %1'>$9'1- 1';: 1'?9 1'93 $1'3? $>1':*

[h{ib bmyzmkm{} ri{mh %?'1$?':- ?'55 ;'1? ?'10 $1'5? $?5'3*

?'?'?'>_jg{iombm{} igk qrh`m{iombm{} h` LSC [richd

[ej igib}sms h` {ej qrh`m{iombm{} mgkmci{hrs rj`bjc{s {ej chdqig}.s czrrjg{ ozsmgjss


38/118

?11> ?115 ?11=?11= pjrszs

?11>" ($

_j{zrg hg ehdj jyzm{} %_HJ- 1'3* 9'>* $?0'0* $?0'=*

_j{zrg hg {h{ib issj{s %_HI- 1';* $1'3* $??'?* $??'0*

_j{zrg hg seirjk jyzm{} %_HM- 1'3* ?'1* $?;'=* $?:'?*

?'?'?'5Shbpjgc} h` LSC [richd

@mgigcmib s{iombm{} rj`bjc{s {ej chdqig}.s kjqjgkjgcj hg ju{jrgib `zgkmgn shzrcjs igk {ej

chdqig}.s ciqicm{} {h dimg{img {ej iombm{} {h `zb`mb czrrjg{ igk `z{zrj hobmni{mhgs' @mgigcmib

s{iombm{} ms kj{jrdmgjk o} {ej ri{mh h` h~g `mgigcmib rjshzrcjs igk kjo{s is ~jbb is {ejmr

s{rzc{zrj'

[ej `mgigcmib oibigcj ms {ej sj{ h` chrrjbi{mhgs irmsmgn oj{~jjg {ej `mgigcmib rjshzrcjs

gjcjssir} mg icemjpmgn cjr{img nhibs igk ic{mhgs" hg {ej hgj eigk" igk {ej qhssmombm{} h`

i{{ric{mgn {ejsj rjshzrcjs" hg {ej h{ejr smkj'

[ej sm{zi{mhg h` {ej rjqrjsjg{i{mpj mgkmci{hrs {ei{ rj`bjc{ {ej s{i{j h` {ej `mgigcmib oibigcj

rjnirkmgn LSC [richd kjgh{js i {jdqhrir} `mgigcmib oibigcj' Gjpjr{ejbjss" {ems `ic{rjkzcjs {ej pibzj h` {ej chdqig}' [ezs" {ej h~gjrs jyzm{} ~is rjkzcjk o} 93 dmbbmhg mg{ej bis{ }jir hgb}" ~emce mgjpm{iob} kmdmgmsejs {ej pibzj h` {ej chdqig}' Nmpjg {ej simk

`rjj|j h` {ej ~hrf qrhkzc{mhg" {ems ms chgsmkjrjk i hrjsjjiobj qrhnghsms %{iobj 95-'

[iobj 95< @mgigcmib oibigcj mgkmci{hrs h` LSC [richd


39/118

[iobj ?1< Oigfrzq{c} qrhoiombm{} mgkju h` LSC [richd

Oigfrzq{c} qrhoiombm{} mgkju ?11> ?115 ?11=

Ib{digs /\/ schrj u $ 1'== 1':;

Issj{s dhombm|i{mhg kjnrjj u 1'35 1'3> 1'3;

Issj{s rj{zrg u $ $1'1> $1'93

Sjb`$`mgigcmgn ri{mh u 1'9? 1'9: $1'10

Jyzm{} ri{mh mg shzrcjs u 1'>3 1'>0 1'5=

[ej rh{i{mhg sqjjk h` issj{s u 1':0 1'9? 1'91

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igk s{ingi{mhg h` {ej jg{mrj rjnmhg eipj krmpjg Cemsmgiz {h~irks {ej qjrmqejr} h` {ej

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31'

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cjg{ribm|jk szqqb} s}s{jd'

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Zg{mb qrjsjg{ {ejrj eipj ojjg s{hrjk iohz{ 9?'33: dmbbmhg d3 h` ~is{j' [ej chbbjc{jk ~is{j

ms gh{ ojmgn sjbjc{jk `hr rjc}cbmgn'

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31 Chddjrcmib chgs{rzc{mhg $ 19'11:95'95;':= 9?0"11 Chddjrcmib chgs{rzc{mhg39 Dimg qir{ I 19'11:95'95;'?9> 0:">1 Nism`mci{mhg s{i{mhg

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9=51 qjrmhks'

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Jbjc{rmcm{} szqqb} ms qrhpmkjk {erhzne emne phb{inj jbjc{rmcm{} ~mrjs `rhd Cemsmgiz' [ej

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qirf" igib}|jk mg {ems ceiq{jr" m'j' `mkzcmir} diginjdjg{" rjhrnigm|i{mhg {erhzne djrnjr"

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qzobmc ikdmgms{ri{mhg cig kjcmkj hg ig} h` {ej bjnib `hrds h` {ej chddjrcmib chdqig} $

diginmgn jg{m{} h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf'

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qrmpi{j qir{gjrsemq- cig oj iqqbmjk mg {ej `hzr hq{mhgs `hr crji{mgn {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf'

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ikdmgms{ri{mhg igk kjgi{mhgibm|i{mhg h` qzobmc qrhqjr{}" gidjb}< I chddjrcmibhrnigm|i{mhg ~m{e qzobmc ciqm{ib ms i chdqig} ~ehsj rjnms{jrjk ciqm{ib ms `hrdjk jg{mrjb}

`rhd {ej s{i{j hr {jrrm{hrmib$ikdmgms{ri{mpj zgm{ chg{rmoz{mhg'

Czrrjg{b}" 91 lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs irj hqjri{mgn ~m{emg {ej {jrrm{hr} qrhqhsjk `hr {ej

mgkzs{rmib qirf' Ib{ehzne {ej s{i{j ms {ej chg{rhbbmgn seirjehbkjr mg {ejsj chdqigmjs" {ej

s{rzc{zrj h` {ej seirjehbkjrs mgcbzkjs qrmpi{j szoljc{s ~eh ehbk seirjs h` s{hcf mg


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3'9'? QZOBMC$Q_MPI[J CIQM[IB CHDQIG][ej chgcjq{ h` qzobmc$h~gjk qrmpi{j chdqig} cig oj chdqbj{jk {erhzne {ej bjnibqrhpmsmhgs h` Bi~ gh' 9>= h` 91'1>'?115" hg qzobmc$qrmpi{j qir{gjrsemq" ~emce mg ir{' 95

qir' 0 kj`mgjs {ej lhmg{ pjg{zrj chdqig} is i qrmpi{j chdqig} ~m{e qzobmc ciqm{ib'

Ibb {jg lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs ojir {ej bjnib s{i{zs h` qzobmc qrmpi{j ciqm{ib chdqigmjs igk

{ejrj`hrj ig} h` {ejsj {jg chdqigmjs cig oj issmngjk {ej {m{bj h` {ej qzobmc$qrmpi{j

chdqig} $ diginjdjg{ chdqig} h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf'

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smgcj {ej oibigcj h` {ems chdqig} chdqrmsjs ibb {ej mg`ris{rzc{zrj igk m{ ms ibsh {ej h~gjr

h` dhs{ ikdmgms{ri{mpj igk qrhkzc{mhg ozmbkmgns' Dhrjhpjr" LSC /[richd/ ms {ej szccjsshr

mg {m{bj h` `hrdjr Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju /[ric{hr Qbig{ mg Cemsmgiz/ igk eis {ej rmne{ {h zsj

{ej iklicjg{ bigk h``jrjk o} {ej s{i{j'

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{ej mgkzs{rmib qirf" {ej cjg{rib sqjcmibm|jk ohk} h` {ej qzobmc ikdmgms{ri{mhg cig js{iobmse i

gj~ chddjrcmib chdqig}" ~ehsj ciqm{ib ~mbb oj `hrdjk h` oh{e {ej s{i{j.s igk qrmpi{j

mgpjs{hrs. chg{rmoz{mhgs'

3'9'3 [_IGS@J_ H@ QZOBMC ISSJ[S KJS[MGJK @H_ [EJ C_JI[MHG H@ IG MGKZS[_MIB QI_F[H I CHDQIG] SJBJC[JK HG I CHDQJ[M[MPJ OISMS CHDQBMIG[ ^M[EQZOBMC


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issj{s ~mbb rjyzmrj ikkm{mhgib bjnib rjbi{mhgsemqs" szce

is issj{ bjisj hr ibmjgi{mhg'

^ehbj hr qir{mib {rigs`jr h` {ej issj{s" hr sjqiri{j{rigs`jr h` jice jums{mgn issj{" hr h` i qir{ h` {ej

issj{" kjqjgkmgn hg dirfj{ cmrczds{igcjs igk {ej

rjsmkjg{s. mg{jg{mhg

Bicf h` bi~ szohrkmgi{j ghrdi{mpj ic{s %rjnzbi{mhgs

o} Nhpjrgdjg{ Kjcmsmhg- rjnzbi{hr} h` {ej

qrhcjkzrj `hr qbicmgn zgkjr {ej `mkzcmir}diginjdjg{ h` {ej issj{s h` {ej chddjrcmib

chdqigmjs ~ejrj {ej s{i{j ms {ej chg{rhbbmgn

seirjehbkjr h` {ej rjnms{jrjk ciqm{ib' Szce ghrdi{mpj

ic{s rjnzbi{j {ej ibmjgi{mhg igk bjisj qrhcjkzrjs

%mgcbzkmgn h` zgzsjk nhhks-'

[ej qhssmombm{} {h ibmjgi{j" qbjknj" bjisj" j{c' {ej

issj{s {ifjg zgkjr `mkzcmir} diginjdjg{

3'9'3'9Chgcbzsmhgs

[ej hq{mhg `hr `mkzcmir} diginjdjg{ h` {ej issj{s h` {ej {jg lhmg{$s{hcf chdqigmjs ms i

{ejhrj{mcibb} pmiobj {ejhr} `hr {ej crji{mhg h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` `hrdjr

Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju /[ric{hr Qbig{ mg Cemsmgiz' Zgbmfj {ej jchghdmcibb} kjpjbhqjkchzg{rmjs" Dhbkhpi khjs gh{ eipj {ej juqjrmjgcj h` `mkzcmir} diginjdjg{' Dhrjhpjr" {ejrj

irj gh bi~ szohrkmgi{j rjnzbi{mhgs nhpjrgmgn {ej `mkzcmir} diginjdjg{ h` {ej issj{s

h~gjk o} chdqigmjs ~ejrj {ej s{i{j ms {ej chg{rhbbmgn seirjehbkjr'

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chdqig} issj{s" ~ejrj {ej s{i{j ms {ej chg{rhbbmgn seirjehbkjr mg {ej rjnms{jrjk ciqm{ib" {ej

js{iobmsedjg{ h` {ej `mkzcmir} diginjdjg{ cig sjrpj is {ej mgm{mi{hr h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf

hg {ej `hrdjr {jrrm{hr} h` {ej Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju [ric{hr Qbig{ mg Cemsmgiz'


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ig} qrhkzc{mhg ic{mpm{mjs" is s{mqzbi{jk mg {ejmr s{i{z{js" ~emce rjyzmrjs {ejmr mdqjri{mpj

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bjnib qh~jrs {h rjhrnigm|j {ejd" ~m{ehz{ kidinmgn ig} qrhqjr{} rmne{s h` h{ejr

seirjehbkjrs'

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[ej kjcmsmhg hg {ej rjhrnigm|i{mhg h` {ej {jg lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs ~mbb oj {ifjg o} {ej

njgjrib djj{mgn h` jpjr} chdqig}' Mg {ems cisj" {ej s{i{j mg m{s ciqicm{} h` dilhrm{}

seirjehbkjr ehbks {ej bjnib szqrjdic} {h rj`hrd igk ikkrjss {ej sm{zi{mhg'

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h` {ej chdqig}" chgsmkjrmgn {ei{ {ej kjcmsmhg hg {ej rjhrnigm|i{mhg cig oj iqqrhpjk o}

{~h {emrks h` {ej {h{ib ph{js h` seirjehbkjrs' [ej igib}sms qrjsjg{jk ms `hczsjk hg ~hrs{$

cisj scjgirmh" oisjk hg {ej isszdq{mhg {ei{ {ej qrmpi{j seirjehbkjrs h` LSC /Omch{ri/ ~mbb

hqqhsj {ej rjhrnigm|i{mhg qrhcjss' [ems scjgirmh qbicjs LSC /Omch{ri/ is i `z{zrj rjsmkjg{ h`

{ej mgkzs{rmib qirf' M{s zgs{iobj jchghdmc igk `mgigcmib sm{zi{mhg ~mbb bjik eh~jpjr" {h

rjhrnigm|i{mhg mg {ej `z{zrj'

[ej jchghdmc chgcjg{ri{mhg h` {ej chdqigmjs cig oj qjr`hrdjk {erhzne djrnjr hr

icyzmsm{mhg' [ejmr djrnjr ms qjr`hrdjk {erhzne {ej chgshbmki{mhg h` {ejmr oibigcj sejj{s"

{ei{ ms" {erhzne {ej chgshbmki{mhg h` ibb {ej qrhqjr{mjs" qrhqjr{} igk ghg$qrhqjr{} rmne{s'


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3'?'9'9Kri`{mgn {ej khczdjg{s gjcjssir} `hr rjhrnigm|i{mhg o} djrnjr

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i`{jr {ej ioshrq{mhg qrhcjss" icyzmrjs ibb {ej rmne{s igk hobmni{mhgs h` {ej ioshrojk

chdqigmjs mg icchrkigcj ~m{e {ej {rigs`jr khczdjg{i{mhg" {ej chgshbmki{jk oibigcj sejj{

igk {ej djrnjr inrjjdjg{'

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chdqigmjs mgphbpjk irj {h qrjqirj {ej `hbbh~mgn kri`{ khczdjg{s rjnirkmgn {ej ikdmgms{ri{mhg igk

kjj{i{m|i{mhg h` qzobmc qrhqjr{}' Mg {ems sm{zi{mhg {ej

mgkzs{rmib jg{jrqrmsjs ~mbb gjjk {h qiss {ej chg{js{ {h

ho{img {ej rjsmkjg{ s{i{zs igk szosjyzjg{b} {ej

{jgkjr `hr {ej qzrceisj h` issj{s' [ej chdqigmjs

hqjri{mgn ~m{emg {ej MQ irj gh{ nzirig{jjk {ei{ {ej}

~mbb ~mg {ej {jgkjr `hr qzrceisj h` issj{s'

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rjsmkjg{s'

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~ehbj" hr jice issj{ sjqiri{jb} hr h` i qir{ h` ig

issj{" kjqjgkmgn hg dirfj{ cmrczds{igcjs igk {ej

ipimbiombm{} h` rjsmkjg{s

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3'3 [EJ JS[IOBMSEDJG[ H@ [EJ MGKZS[_MIB QI_F [E_HZNE [EJ BJISJ H@ ISSJ[S H@

[EJ [JG LHMG[ S[HCF CHDQIGMJS C_JI[JK HG [EJ [J__M[H_] H@ @H_DJ_

/Q_HKZC[MHG CHDQBJU [_IC[H_ QBIG[ MG CEMSMGIZ/" @HBBH^MGN [EJ

Q_MPI[M\I[MHG Q_HN_ID MG 9==: IGK 9===

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qirf ms {ej chgcbzsmhg h` i bjisj inrjjdjg{'

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qrhqjr{}-'

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{ej} cig oj nmpjg mg{h bjisj mg {ejmr ciqicm{} h` qrhkzc{mhg issj{s {h~irks {ej `z{zrj

mgkzs{rmib qirf rjsmkjg{s'

[iobj 3>< Js{mdi{mgn {ej ojgj`m{s igk kmsikpig{injs mg crji{mgn {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf o} rjg{mgn {ej issj{s

h` {ej lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs

Bjisj h` issj{s h` {ej {jg lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjsIkpig{injs Kmsikpig{inj

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chdqigmjs" ~m{ehz{ rjchzrsj {h {ejmr rjhrnigm|i{mhg

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chdqigmjs %{jgig{s-" {ehzne {ej} cig oj rjhrnigm|jk

{erhzne h{ejr djigs" szce is djrnjr

@bjumobj issj{ ibbhci{mhg {h {ej `z{zrj rjsmkjg{s

Qhssmombm{} h` rjg{mgn {ej issj{s is i ~ehbj" hr {ejmr

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bis{ `hr 31 }jirs

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h~gjk bigk

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issj{s h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf i{ {ej juqjgsj h` {ej

rjsmkjg{s


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Mg {ej `hbbh~mgn m{ ms rjqrjsjg{jk {ej nriqemcib rjibm|i{mhg h` {ej {rigsic{mhg hg {ej sj{ zq

h` i gj~ lhmg{ s{hcf chdqig} ~ehsj rjnms{jrjk ciqm{ib seibb oj `hrdjk hg {ej icchzg{ h`

{ej 91 lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs crji{jk hg {ej {jrrm{hr} h` `hrdjr Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju

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{ej birnj$scibj {rigsic{mhgs' Chgsjyzjg{b}" {ej cirr}mgn$hz{ h` {ems {rigsic{mhg seibb oj

iqqhmg{jk o} {ej {jg njgjrib djj{mgns h` ibb {ej lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs chgcjrgjk ~ejrj

{ejrj ~mbb oj gjcjssir} {h ikhq{ {ej qhsm{mpj ph{j h` ?(3 h` {ej seirjehbkjrs qrjsjg{ i{ {ej

djj{mgn'

[iobj 35< Igib}sms h` ojgj`m{s igk kri~oicfs h` js{iobmsemgn i gj~ lhmg{ s{hcf chdqig} ~ehsj

rjnms{jrjk ciqm{ib seibb oj `hrdjk o} {ej chg{rmoz{mhgs h` {ej 91 lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs

Js{iobmsedjg{ h` i gj~ lhmg{ s{hcf chdqig} ~ehsj rjnms{jrjk ciqm{ib seibb oj `hrdjk o} {ej

chg{rmoz{mhgs h` {ej {jg lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs

Ojgj`m{s Kri~oicfs

Sehr{${jrd mg qjr`hrdmgn {ej {rigsic{mhg h` zq {h 3

dhg{es

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kjj{i{m|i{mhg h` qzobmc qrhqjr{} gh' 9?9 h`

1;'1:'?11> zqhg {ej ibmjgi{mhg h` {ej {jg lhmg{ s{hcf

chdqigmjs issj{s" smgcj {ej {rigs`jr h` {ejsj

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rmne{ {h issj{ h~gjrsemq" cisj ~ejrj {ej iqqbmci{mhg

h` {ej bi~ qrhpmsmhgs djg{mhgjk ojchdjs mdqhssmobj'

[ej qhssmombm{} {h chgshbmki{j {ej issj{s h` {ej {jg

lhmg{ s{hcf chdqigmjs ~m{ehz{ rjchzrsj {h {ejmrrjhrnigm|i{mhg

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ciqm{ib pibzj' [ej rjnms{jrjk ciqm{ib pibzj ~mbb

qjrdigjg{b} oj bh~jr {ej gj{ issj{ pibzj" smgcj {ejgj~b} js{iobmsejk chdqig} ~mbb sjbb {ej issj{s {h {ej

MQ rjsmkjg{s'

[ej gj~ chdqig} seibb ehbk {ej h~gjrsemq h` {ej

rjcjmpjk qrhqjr{} is ~jbb is {ej rmne{ {h kjcmkj hg m{'

[ej S{i{j igk {ej qrmpi{j dmghrm{} seirjehbkjrs ~mbb

h~g hgb} mgkmrjc{ seirjs mg {ej rjnms{jrjk ciqm{ib h`

{ej gj~b} crji{jk lhmg{ s{hcf chdqig}" is {ej

seirjehbkjrs h` {ems chdqig} ~mbb oj {ej {jg

chdqigmjs $ bjnib qjrshgs'

Qhssmombm{} h` dimg{img i rmnmk s{i{j chg{rhb" ib{ehzne


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3': [EJ JS[IOBMSEDJG[ H@ [EJ MGKZS[_MIB QI_F O] SJBBMGN [EJ SEI_J OBHCFS [H

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C_JI[JK HG [EJ [J__M[H_] H@ @H_DJ_ /Q_HKZC[MHG CHDQBJU [_IC[H_

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9===

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9==> qrmpi{m|i{mhg qrhnrid h` `hrdjr /Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju [ric{hr Qbig{ mg Cemsmgiz/'

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3'0 S[JQS MG [EJ JS[IOBMSEDJG[ H@ [EJ MGKZS[_MIB QI_F HG [EJ QBI[@H_D H@

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`hrdjr Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju /[ric{hr Qbig{ mg Cemsmgiz/ cig oj chgpjg{mhgibb} sjqiri{jk

mg{h {~h sjqiri{j irjis" is seh~g mg {ej `mnzrjs ojbh~'

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i cci :111 d? irji'

@mnzrj ?>< Js{mdi{j hg {ej {hqhbhn} h` {ej chdqigmjs {h chg{rmoz{j {h {ej js{iobmsedjg{ h` {ej

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[}qjs h` rjsmkjg{ chdqigmjs mg {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf

\hgj gh' 9 \hgj gh' ?


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@mnzrj ?5< Js{mdi{mhg h` {ej {jrrm{hrmib kms{rmoz{mhg h` {ej chdqigmjs {h chg{rmoz{j i{ {ej js{iobmsedjg{ h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf hg {ej qbi{`hrd h` `hrdjrQrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju /[ric{hr Qbig{ mg Cemsmgiz/


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S{jqs {h crji{j {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf hg {ej qbi{`hrd h` `hrdjr Qrhkzc{mhg Chdqbju

/[ric{hr Qbig{ mg Cemsmgiz/=

S{jq 9' Sibj {erhzne mgpjs{djg{ {jgkjr h` {ej qzobmcb}$ejbk obhcf h` seirjs

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h` phbi{mbj hrnigmc chdqhzgks %PHCs- `rhd {ej s{hrinj {igfs" mg hrkjr {h icemjpj i =1$

911* rjchpjr} ri{j'

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czomc dj{jr dn(Gd3 SHu-' I szbqezr rjchpjr} s}s{jd di} oj `jismobj `hr birnjmgs{ibbi{mhgs" ~ejg {ej chgcjg{ri{mhg h` e}krhnjg szbqemkj `rhd jueizs{ qmqjs jucjjks

?31dn(Gd3'

[ej jdmssmhg bjpjb `hr {ej kjsmng igk `zgc{mhgmgn h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf dzs{ oj js{iobmsejk

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mg hrkjr {h zgkjr{ifj ibb gjcjssir} chrrjc{mpj ic{mhgs' M{ ms rjchddjgkjk {h fjjq {ej

rjchrks h` {ej dhgm{hrmgn rjszb{s mg ig iccjq{iobj `hrdi{' [ej rjchrks dzs{ oj rjqhr{jk {h{ej chdqj{jg{ iz{ehrm{mjs igk s{ifjehbkjrs" is iqqrhqrmi{j %j'n' mgigcmjr-' Mgkzs{rmib qirfs

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iqqrhqrmi{j chrrjc{mpj ic{mhg {h qrjpjg{ {ejmr `z{zrj hcczrrjgcj' [ej mgkzs{rmib qirf

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990

{ej mgkzs{rmib qirf crji{mhg oisjk hg LSC [richd qrhqjr{} igk {ej iklicjg{ s{i{j$h~gjk bigk

{ej jdqh~jrdjg{ h` {ej chdqig} igk jujcz{mpj ohirk {h jbiohri{j {ej gjcjssir} khczdjg{s hg {ej

issmngdjg{ h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf {m{bj

{ej iqqrhpib h` S{i{z{j idjgkdjg{s igk ikkm{mhgs %{}qjs h` ic{mpm{mjs-

91 _jnms{ri{mhg h` idjgkdjg{s igk ikkjgki {h {ej S{i{z{j i{ {ej S{i{j Ceidojr h` _jnms{ri{mhg Chdqig} Chzgcmb igk Jujcz{mpj

Ohk} h` LSC [rschd" GC@D

9 ki}

99 Jbiohri{mhg h` khczdjg{s hg {ej issmngdjg{ h` {ej mgkzs{rmib qirf {m{bj o} LSC /[richd/ %ir{' 5" Bi~ 95?(?191- LSC Jujcz{mpj Ohk} ; ~jjfs

9? Khczdjg{ szodmssmhg {h {ej Dmgms{r} h` Jchghd} LSC Jujcz{mpj Ohk} 9 ki}

93 Juidmgi{mhg h` {ej szodm{{jk khczdjg{s igk jbiohri{mhg h` kri`{ Nhpjrgdjg{ kjcmsmhg hg issmngmgn LSC [richd {ej

MQ {m{bj Difmgn rjhrnigm|i{mhg$rjbi{jk jg{rmjs mg {ej S{i{j _jnms{jr h` Sjczrm{mjs Gi{mhgib Chddmssmhg @mgigcmib

Dirfj{

9 ~jjf

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icchzg{s %~ejrj iqqbmciobj- igk chdqbj{mhg h` rjhrnigm|i{mhg'

Mgkjqjgkjg{ _jnms{r} 9 ~jjf

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