FCTC 2011 RAMS

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Annex C

MOE RISK ASSESSMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Introduction

1. The Risk Assessment Management System (RAMS) provides schools with a useful

tool to systematically identify possible hazards of an activity and take measures toreduce and/or manage the potential risks involved to an acceptable level.

2. RAMS is effective only when potential risks are consciously evaluated before,during and after the activity. In doing so, deliberate management decisions are taken

to reduce and/or manage potential risks so as to ensure the safety of participants.

3. RAMS entails a 5-step management process (see Diagram 1). It is neither a one-offevent nor an administrative exercise. It is a dynamic, evolving, and on-going process

that requires changes and adaptations according to the nature of activity and/or the

prevailing circumstances in-situ.

Diagram 1.

5-Step Management Process

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Risk Assessment Team

6. RAMS is never a one man show; it should be conducted by a team who collectively

has adequate knowledge of the activity and the environment involved. The overall

teacher-in-charge should be familiar with RAMS processes.

7. The school should:

a. appoint a competent person leading a team of personnel, including service

providers (if applicable), involved in the activity to conduct the RAMS;

b. ensure that the risk control measures are implemented without undue delay

after the completion of RAMS;

c. inform all persons, including the participants, involved in the activity, of therisks, and the means to eliminate or, where possible, minimise, the risks;

d. endorse and approve the RAMS completed;

e. integrate the findings of the RAMS in the documented plan for the activity.

g. review and update the risk assessment whenever there is a significant changein the activity, or after an incident involving the activity process; and

h. ensure that all personnel involved (i.e. the team) are aware of the riskassessment for the activity they carry out.

8. The team leader should:

a. have adequate knowledge of risk assessment;

b recommend appropriate risk control measures to eliminate reduce and/or

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5-step Management Process of RAMS

11. Prior to conducting a RAMS, reference should be made to the existing guidelines

and previous records of work for the activity. These may include:

a. School Safety Handbook;

b. Standard Procedures for Schools in Reporting Plans for Overseas Excursionsinvolving Pupils and Staff;

c. Standard Procedures for Schools in Reporting a Serious Incident Involving

Pupils and Staff during an Overseas Excursion;

d. Framework Agreement on Schools Overseas Educational Tours;

e. After-Action Review, school policies.

12. Step 1: Hazard IdentificationIdentify all possible hazards and potential incidents/accidents associated with the

hazard(s) identified.

13. Step 2: Risk Assessment

a. Assessing the potential severity of the injury

i. Severity is the degree or extent of injury or harm caused byaccidents/incidents arising from identified hazards. Severity isclassified into 5 categories: Insignificant,Minor, Moderate, Major

and Catastrophic (Table 1).

Table 1. Severity of injury, risk score and description

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Major 4

Serious/extensive injury (e.g. amputations,

major fractures, multiple injuries, acute

poisoning and fatal diseases), incur major

financial loss, severe environmental damage

Catastrophic 5

May result in death or large number of serious

injuries, incur huge financial loss,environmental disaster

ii. As the severity of the injuries (e.g. lacerations, fractures, or fatalinjury) refers to the intrinsic or inherent nature of the adverse effect

that may result from the hazard, it does not depend on the controls in

place. Therefore, in assigning the severity level, the existing controlsshould not be taken into account.

b. Determining the likelihood of the occurrence of incidents/accidents arising

from the identified hazards

i. Likelihood of occurrence of an accident and/or incident is also

classified into 5 categories: Unlikely, Seldom, Occasional, Likelyand Frequent (Table 2).

Table 2. Likelihood of occurrence, risk score and description

Likelihood Risk Score Description

Unlikely 1 Unlikely to occur

Seldom 2 Not likely to occur but possible

Occasional 3 May occur in time

Likely 4 Quite likely to occur in time

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Table 3. Risk matrix to determine risk level

Catastrophic

5

Major

4

Moderate

3

Minor

2

Insignificant

1

Frequent

5

10

Extremely

High

9

Extremely

High

8

High

7

High

6

Medium

Likely

4

9

Extremely

High

8

High

7

High

6

Medium

5

Medium

Occasional

3

8

High

7

High

6

Medium

5

Medium

4

Low

Seldom

2

7

High

6

Medium

5

Medium

4

Low

3

Low

Unlikely

1

6

Medium

5

Medium

4

Low

3

Low

2

Low

14. Step 3: Risk Control Options and Decisions

a. Based on the risk level determined in Step 2 (Risk Matrix), risk controlsshould be developed to eliminate/reduce the risk level to an acceptable level.

This can be done by reducing the Severity and/or Likelihood.

Severity

Likelihood

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Table 4. Risk score, risk level, risk acceptability and recommended actions

Risk

ScoreRisk Level

Risk

AcceptabilityRecommended actions

9 10Extremely

HighNot

acceptable

Immediate action required. Terminate the activity if

additional control measures do not lower the RiskLevel.

7 8 High Risk Not

acceptable

High Risk level must be reduced to at least Medium

Risk before activity commences.

Risk control measures should not be interim and

should not be overly dependent on personal

protective equipment or appliances. If need be, thehazard should be eliminated before activity

commences.

Immediate management intervention is required

before activity commences.

5 6Medium

RiskModeratelyacceptable

A careful evaluation of the hazards should be carried

out to ensure that the risk level is reduced to as lowas is practicable within a defined time period.

Interim risk control measures, such as administrative

controls, may be implemented.

Management attention is required.

2 4 Low Risk Acceptable

No additional risk control measures may be needed.However, frequent review may be needed to ensure

that the risk level assigned is accurate and does not

increase over time.

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b. After implementing the control measures, there is a need to analyse, evaluate anddecide whether the risk level has been lowered to an acceptable level.

Communication

17. Throughout the risk management process, communication amongst stakeholders at everystep is essential. Communication:

a. engages and involves people to contribute to the risk management process;

b. provides clarity on the risks, processes, control measures, perceptions etc;

c. helps stakeholders to make informed decisions; and

d. enables stakeholders to know the risks they face and the appropriate control

measures to implement to reduce and/or manage the risks.

Working with the W Checklist

18. The W Checklist offers the various considerations for reference in the conduct of

RAMS. The checklist is not meant to be exhaustive. Schools should use the checklistrelevant to a specific activity and add on additional considerations based on the

nature of the activity. The checklist is subdivided into the following categories:

a. WHYThis refers to the specific objectives that the activity aims to achieve. It

prompts the Risk Assessment Team to:-

i. Evaluate the purpose and appropriateness of the activity; and

ii. Consider alternatives if the activity is assessed to be inappropriate toachieve the main objectives

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vii. Is drinking water from a clean and reliable source?

c. WHEN (TIMING)

This prompts the Risk Assessment Team to consider the following where

timing is considered:-

i. Is the duration of activity appropriate?

ii. Has the start/stop timing for each phase of the activity been carefully

planned for?

iii. Is there sufficient break between activities?

iv. Is the timing of the activity appropriate (conducted at the appropriatetime of the day)?

v. Have precautions been planned for in case of delay in timing (e.g.reaching a campsite after dusk)?

d. WHO (PEOPLE)This prompts the Risk Assessment Team to assess the readiness of the groupwith regard to teachers/adult supervisors and participants as follows:-

i. Are the teacher/adult supervisor(s) competent to supervise the activityand manage the participants?

ii. Is the teacher/adult supervisor: participant ratio adequate for the

specific activity and meet the requirement of the respective governingbodies/National Sports Associations (NSAs)?

iii Is the leader trained/competent/experienced?

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x. Is the leader competent enough to execute the emergency evacuation

plan when the need arises?

With regard to the participants, the following will have to be considered:

i. Have the participants been briefed on the objectives of the activityand the various phases of the activity?

ii. Is there a need to conduct pre-activity training?

iii. Are the participants aware of the expectations of their participation,

behaviour and performance?

iv. Are there participants in the group with special needs?

v. Have the parental consents and health declarations of participants

been obtained?

vi. Does teacher-in-charge report daily to school regarding groups well-

being and progress (where possible)?

e. WHERE

Careful consideration should be given to the different venues involved (e.g.

accommodation, activities):-

i. Is there adequate accommodation available?

ii. Are participants briefed on fire safety, emergency evacuation routesand assembly area?

iii Are updated maps available for planning and use during activity?

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xi. Have buoyancy aids been provided?

f. WEATHER

Careful consideration should be given to impending weather that may affect

the conduct of activity:-

i. Has the weather forecast been checked?

ii. Are procedures in place to manage the group in inclement weather?

iii. Has a Wet Weather Programme been planned for?

iv. Have precautions been planned for the following possibilities?

(a) Lightning;

(b) Storm;

(c) Hyperthermia (heat related exigencies, e.g. heat exhaustion,

heatstroke);

(d) Hypothermia (abnormal low body temperature); and

(e) Altitude sickness.

18. The W Checklist Form is attached (Appendix 1) to help schools carry out the

RAMS.

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Appendix 1

Risk Assessment Management SystemW Checklist

Activity: First Class Hike 2011 Venue: West, North of Singapore

Outgoing Returning

Date: 30th April 2011 Date: 1st May 2011

Estimated Timeof Departure:

2000HEstimatedTime ofArrival:

0800H

Person-in-

charge:

Course Director DVL Muhd Izzat

Course Advisor DC Eugene Sim Assistant(s): All Screaming Eagles Ventures and Rovers

LOCAL VENDOR CONTACT DETAILS (IF ANY)

Company name& full address:

NA

Office number:NA

Mobile number: NA

ContactPerson:

NA

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OVERSEAS VENDOR CONTACT DETAILS (IF ANY)

Company name& full address:

NA

Office number: NA Mobile number: NA

ContactPerson:

NA

WHY

State learning objectives:1. To clear Scouts for their First Class Scout Standard.2. To provide opportunities for Scouts in the district to have a feel of the Chief Commissioners Award Hike, if

they intend to pursue the CCA test.3. To be proficient in planning and preparing for a hike.4. To allow participants to put what they have learnt in theory to practice.

Does the activity meet learning objectives?

(Yes / No) Yes

Note: Please attach the programme / itinerary

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Restricted For School Use Only Updated Jan 2010

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Program

Day 1

1300h - Registration

1330h - Flag break / opening ceremony

1400h - Lesson on constructing a hike log

1600h - Constructing their own hike log

1745h - Flag lowering

1800h - Dinner / wash up (get ready for hike, not for bathing)

1900h - Final preparation phase for hike

1930h - Final briefing and preparation for hike

2000h - Set out for hike

Day 2

0800h - Cease hike / all to report back to JSS

0830h - Personal Administration

0930h - Completing the hike log (Snacks to be given)

1330h - Submission of hike log / break camp

1400h - All to clear JSS

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Hike Route:1. Start point Jurong Secondary School (Groups to be despatched in intervals of 7 min)2. Proceeding to Checkpoint 1 Jurong Point

a Via Yung Kuang Road Corporation Rd Boon Lay Way3. Proceeding to Checkpoint 2 Jurong Junior College

a Via Boon Lay Way Boon Lay Dr Boon Lay Avenue4. Proceeding to Checkpoint 3 Home Team NS (Bukit Batok)

a Via Jurong West Ave 2* Old Jurong Rd* Bukit Batok Rd5. Proceeding to Checkpoint 4 Keat Hong LRT Station

a Via Bukit Batok Rd Choa Chua Kang Way6. Procceding to Checkpoint 5 Unity Primary School

a Via Choa Chu Kang Ave 1 Choa Chu Kang Dr Choa Chu Kang North 7 Choa Chu Kang Crescent7. Proceeding to Checkpoint 6 Al-Iman Mosque

a Via Choa Chu Kang Crescent Choa Chua Kang Dr Choa Chu Kang North 6 Woodlands Rd^ - BukitPanjang Rd Bukit Panjang Ring Rd8. Proceeding to Checkpoint 7 Memories at Old Fort Factory

a Via Bukit Panjang Ring Rd Petir Rd Cashew Rd Upper Bukit Timah Rd^9. Proceeding to Checkpoint 8 Beauty World Centre

a Via Upper Bukit Timah Rd10.Proceeding to Checkpoint 9 Bukit Batok Swimming Complex

a Via Jalan Jurong Kechil Bukit Batok East Ave 611.Proceeding to Checkpoint 10 Chinese Garden MRT Station

a Via Bukit Batok Ave 1 Jurong East Central Jurong East Ave 1 Jurong Town Hall Rd Boon Lay

Way12.Proceeding to End point Jurong Secondary Schoola Via Boon Lay Way Yuan Ching Rd

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S/nCategories to consider:

Hazards Identification Risk EvaluationScore

Risk Control:

Strategies to reduce risk to an acceptable level

Implementation

Possiblehazards

Potentialincidents/accidents

Severity(a)

Likelihood(b)

Risklevel(a)+(b)

Action Follow-

WHAT

1. Equipment

a) Appropriate equipmentis available.

Participants forgetto bringappropriateequipment

Participantsunable tohike

1 1 2 Candidates have been told what to bring,and what to wear.

GSL ofparticipatingunits

29 Apr.2011

b) Appropriate equipment

is serviceable.

Participa

nts bringfaultygear

Participa

nt unabletocompletehike

1 1 2 Safety vehicle will retrieve affected

candidates back to school.

All

SEVaRs

30 Apr.

2011

c) Others : NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

2. Transport

a) Transportation service NA NA NA NA NA No group transport employed. Safety NA NA

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Risk Control:


Implementation

Possiblehazards


Severity(a)

Likelihood(b)

Risklevel(a)+(b)

Action Follow-

is reliable (e.g. driver,vehicle).

vehicle used is a private vehicle.

b) Chartered vehicle isappropriate (e.g. usinga 4WD for off-roadterrain).

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

c) Others : NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

3. Food

a) Food is provided bylicensed caterer /restaurants.

Participantsexposedto

expiredfoodbeingserved

Stomach-achesmaydevelop

2 1 3 Food has been catered by Lee WeeBrothers.

ChongHao

28 Apr.2011

b) Nutrition is appropriate. Participants notreceivingenoughnutrition

Participants maydevelopgiddiness

2 1 3 Lunch-box set was ordered, containing rice,chicken, otah, peanut, anchovies,cucumber

ChongHao

28 Apr.2011

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Risk Control:


Implementation

Possiblehazards


Severity(a)

Likelihood(b)

Risklevel(a)+(b)

Action Follow-

c) Special dietary needsare met.

Participantsunable toeat due

to dietrestrictions

Participants maynot havethe

energy tohike

1 1 2 Vegetarians have been identified. Foodordered is Halal certified

Chonghao

28 Apr.2011

d) If self-catering,additional hygienemeasures are in place.


e) Water is potable. NA NA NA NA NA Singapores tap water is portable. NA NA

f) Others : NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

WHEN (TIMING)

4. Programme

a) Duration of activity isappropriate (e.g.start/stop/rest time).

Hike andrest-pointdurationinsufficient.

Participantsrushed tomeetduration,resulting

2 3 5 Every group must have their night snack at1 checkpoint, also for the purpose ofresting for a longer time. ETA have beenset by candidates, catered to their ownpace.

Izzat 30 Apr.2011

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Risk Control:


Implementation

Possiblehazards


Severity(a)

Likelihood(b)

Risklevel(a)+(b)

Action Follow-

incomplacency tosafety.

b) Timing of activity isappropriate (e.g. 5kmrun conducted before10.30am or after3.30pm).

Timingplannedinappropriate forhiking.

Roadaccident.

3 2 5 Hike conducted at night, to avoid usualroad volume of vehicles during the day.And also to avoid heat-related injuriescommon in the day.

MdmHo

30 Apr.2011

c) Possible delay inactivity (e.g. day hikeextended into night).

Hikedurationover-runallocatedprogram

slot.

Participants sufferfatiguedue toprolonge

d hiking.

1 3 4 A realistic hike duration prepared(depending on weather condition andcondition of participants observed) allowinghike to proceed at a comfortable pace, andto meet check-point ETAs comfortably.

Izzat 30 Apr.2011

d) Others : NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

WHO (PEOPLE)

5. Teachers and AdultSupervisors

a) Teacher(s)/adult Insufficie Ratio not 1 1 2 Ratio within requirement, with additional Izzat 30 Apr.

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Risk Control:


Implementation

Possiblehazards


Severity(a)

Likelihood(b)

Risklevel(a)+(b)

Action Follow-

supervisor(s) arecompetent to superviseactivity and manageparticipants (e.g.

teacher/adult supervisor:participant ratio met forspecific activity, femaleadult supervisor presentfor overnight activityinvolving femaleparticipants).

nt adultspresent.

met. support from SEVaR ASLs. 2011

b) Personnel is certifiedand competent toconduct activity.

Inexperiencedpersonne

lconducting the hike

Personnel are notprepared

to handledevelopingsituations

1 1 2 Candidates have been on hikes before, andare familiar with the precautions that theyshould take. They have also write up somescenarios regarding potential problems andtheir solutions.

MdmHo

30 Apr.2011

c) Certified First Aider orparamedic is on site.

Activitystaff notFirst Aidcertified.

Personnel unableto copewith First

1 1 2 SEVaRs are first aid trained MdmHo

30 Apr.2011

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Risk Control:


Implementation

Possiblehazards


Severity(a)

Likelihood(b)

Risklevel(a)+(b)

Action Follow-

Aidsituations.

d) Personnel is competentto co-ordinate/executeemergency evacuationplan (e.g. search andrescue).

Personnel not ableto copewithemergencies.

Lightningrisk.

3 2 5 Candidates have been brief on lightningrisk procedures. A hike suspension will beimposed should the need arise. Safetyvehicle will continuously patrol hike route torespond to emergencies.

MdmHo

30 Apr.2011

e) Others :

NA

NA NA NA NA NA NA

NA

6. Participants

a) Participants understandthe objectives ofactivity.

Participants donotcomprehend thehikeobjectives.

Participants takeunnecessary risks.

2 1 3 A pre-hike safety brief will be conducted,and candidates go through a preparationstage for the hike.

Izzat 30 Apr.2011

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Risk Control:


Implementation

Possiblehazards


Severity(a)

Likelihood(b)

Risklevel(a)+(b)

Action Follow-

b) Participants arecompetent for activity(e.g. participate in pre-activity training).

Participants arenotcompete

nt for thehike.

Participants donotpossess

thenecessary skill-setto copewith thehike.

2 1 3 In mixed groups, seniors are responsiblefor the well-being of their juniors. Thispromotes healthyinteraction/encouragement and the need for

team-spirit.

Izzat 30 Apr.2011

c) Participants are awareof and adhere to safetyrequirements ofactivity.

Participants arenotaware ofsafetyprecautions.

Participants areunable to

anticipateandpreparesafetyprecautions.

2 1 3 Candidates are familiar with outdoor safetyprecautions. They will also be briefed onoutdoor safety precautions during pre-hikesafety briefing. Hike discipline will beimposed during the hike itself by Izzat

Izzat,MdmHo

30 Apr.2011

d) Special needs ofparticipants are met.

Participants unfit

Participants

1 1 2 Common causes have been identified andanticipated (eg groin abrasion, sprains).

Izzat,Mdm

30 Apr.2011

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Risk Control:


Implementation

Possiblehazards


Severity(a)

Likelihood(b)

Risklevel(a)+(b)

Action Follow-

for hike. unable tocompletehike.

Casualties will be transported back toschool by the safety vehicle, to the care ofa Hike Staff stationed in school.

Ho

e) Medical declaration andinformation ofparticipants aredocumented anddisseminated torelevant personnel.

Participants withasthmaor anyothermedicalconditions are notknown.

Asthmaattackduringhike.

3 1 4All asthma participants will be checked atthe pre-hike safety briefing, and inhalershave been made compulsory in pack-list.Other medical conditions of candidates willalso be inquired before hike commences.

Izzat,MdmHo

30 Apr.2011

f) Others : NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

WHERE

7. Venue

a) Accommodation is

adequate (e.g. number

of rooms).

Participants donot haveenoughspace to

Participants mayfeeluneasy

1 1 2 2 classrooms have been arranged for candidates.

Mr Kes 29 Apr.2011

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Risk Control:


Implementation

Possiblehazards


Severity(a)

Likelihood(b)

Risklevel(a)+(b)

Action Follow-

rest

b) Fire safety andevacuation route iscommunicated to all.


c) Area map is availablefor use during activity.

Area mapnotavailable

Routingof hikenotknown.

1 1 2 Maps are available. Pre-planned hike routehas been submitted in above itinerary.

Izzat 29 Apr.2011

d) Reconnaissance ofarea is conducted.

Reccenotconducted.

Riskhotspotsnotknown.

2 1 3 Recce of the entire hike route has beenconducted, as close to hike timing aspossible to ensure understanding of areaconditions. All possible risk hotspots havebeen identified.

Izzat 28 Apr.2011

e) In-country authoritiesand facilities (e.g.police, national parkrangers, hospital) areaccessible and/orcontactable forassistance and supportin the event of anemergency.

Nearestmedicalfacilitiesnotknown.

Fatal/seriouscases ofcasualtyevacuationaffected.

4 1 5 Nearest medical facilities and hospitals areknown. Izzat,MdmHo

30 Apr.2011

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Risk Control:


Implementation

Possiblehazards


Severity(a)

Likelihood(b)

Risklevel(a)+(b)

Action Follow-

f) Water conditions (e.g.tides, currents, flashfloods) and traffic (e.g.ships, power boats).

Highvolume ofvehiculartraffic.

Trafficaccident.

4 1 5 Risk hotspots identified. Hike conducted atnight to avoid day traffic volume.

Izzat 30 Apr.2011

g) Others : NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

WEATHER

8. Inclement Weather

a) Weather forecast andwarning (e.g. lightning,flash flood, hot or coldspell, haze).

Storm orlightningactivities.

Lightningstrike

4 1 5 A hike suspension will be imposed in theevent of a storm or localised lightningactivity, and all candidates will proceed tothe nearest fixed-shelter.

Izzat,MdmHo

30 Apr.2011

b) Others : NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

NOTE:

Please indicate N.A. in cells that are not applicable.

Implementation

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Excursion Checklist Action Plan ActionOfficer

Follow-up Date

9. Communication

a) Establish communication with school and serviceprovider via hand phone, satellite phone and/or otherappropriate devices.

Contact with staff stationed in school is available. Izzat 30 Apr.2011

b) Establish communication with in-country authorities andfacilities (e.g. police, national park rangers, hospital) forassistance and support in the event of an emergency.

Contacts for emergency services are available. Izzat 30 Apr.2011

c) Compile contact list of stakeholders (e.g. parents, MFADuty Office, and in-country medical facilities).

Contacts with candidates parents are available with theGSLs of participating schools.

Izzat 29 Apr.2011

10. Medical

a) Arrange for medical screening and vaccinations for

teachers/adult supervisors and participants (if necessary).

NA NA NA

b) Procure comprehensive travel insurance for all (e.g.International SOS for emergency evacuation).

NA NA NA

c) Ensure availability of in-country medical facilities orpersonnel.

24-Hour Emergency services are available Izzat 29 Apr.2011

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Excursion ChecklistAction Plan

Implementation

Action

Officer

Follow-

up Date

d) Ensure accessibility to medical facilities or personnel inthe event of an emergency.

Emergency facilities are easily accessible. Izzat 29 Apr.2011

11. Overseas Travel

a) E-register with MFA at least 3 days before departure. NA NA NA

b) Monitor and comply with MFA travel advisory on naturaldisasters, pandemic outbreak, social-political unrest.

NA NA NA

12. Others

a) NA NA NA

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Risk Assessment Team comprises:Name of Officer(s) DesignationDVL Muhd Izzat Roslan

DC Eugene SimDCSL Mdm Ho

Course Director

Course AdvisorCourse Advisor

Name of Person-in-charge Signature Date

Vetted by:

Name of HOD Signature Date

Chief Safety Officer/Principal Checklist

To ensure that the following are completed prior to the programme:

Communicate programme details to parents and participants.

Compile medical information and consent forms.

Ensure that personnel conducting activity is qualified.

Ensure that pre-activity training is carried out. Ensure that relevant safety and emergency procedures are in place.

Submission of Overseas Excursion details to MFA via MFA eRegister (if applicable):

Prepare details of itinerary and participants for overseas excursion.

Enter details for BF01_MFA-MOE form via the Overseas Excursion Management (OEM) Module in the School Cockpit.

Generate the BF01_MFA-MOE form from the Reports Portal in the School Cockpit.

Submit BF01_MFA-MOE form as an attachment at www.mfa.gov.sgat least 3 days before departure.

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Approved by:

Name of Chief Safety Officer/Principal Signature Date

Comments:

Assessment ReviewName of Person-in-charge Signature Date

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FCTC 2011 RAMS

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