FCSN 245 – Basic Nutrition Summer 2005 Episode III – Dr. David Gee Starting tomorrow, all lectures will be held in PE 201 Clicker points: attendance sheets Course web page www.cwu.edu/~geed Grades so far posted on bulletin board outside 136 Michaelsen
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FCSN 245 – Basic Nutrition Summer 2005 Episode III – Dr. David Gee n Starting tomorrow, all lectures will be held in PE 201 u Clicker points: attendance.
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FCSN 245 – Basic NutritionSummer 2005
Episode III – Dr. David Gee Starting tomorrow, all lectures will be held
in PE 201 Clicker points: attendance sheets
Course web page www.cwu.edu/~geed
Grades so far posted on bulletin board outside 136 Michaelsen
Healthy Weight and the Non-Diet Approach
David L. Gee, PhD
Professor of Food Science and Nutrition
Central Washington University
Prevalence of Overweight in the US 1990: 56% of Americans were overweight
23% were obese 2000: 64% of Americans were overweight
30% were obese At this rate
In 2010: 73% overweight In 2020: 84% overweight In 2030: 96% overweight
Increases in overweight/obesity were seen in: Both males and females All age groups All ethnic groups
Ethnicity and Overweight (BMI>27.5) Prevalence
White Black Hispanic Native Am Hawaiian
2427 26
45
31
42
3440
6663
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
%
White Black Hispanic Native Am Hawaiian
Male
Female
Prevalence of overweight in children. CDC (2004)
Overweight = above the 95th percentile for BMI based on NHANES II data from 1970’s
For adolescents 12-19 yrs: 1974 = 7.4% 2002 = 15.6%
Prevalence of Overweight Children in the US
Epidemic Increase in Childhood Overweight, 1986-1998JAMA 286:2845-2848 (2001)
Epidemic Increase in Childhood Overweight, 1986-1998JAMA 286:2845-2848 (2001)
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1986-1998 8,270 children, aged 4-12 yrs
Prior studies show it took 30 years for overweight prevalence to double. Current study show doubling time to be less than 12 years. Rate of increase particularly high in African
American and Hispanic children
Why lose weight?
Obesity is associated with greater risk of: Diabetes Hypertension & stroke Coronary heart disease Most cancers (except lung cancer) Sleep apnea, arthritis, gall stones, ….
Overfat vs Underfit ???? Good question Vast majority of overfat are underfit
Obesity and Causes of Death in the US
Epilog: Supersize MeThe Food Industry Strikes Back
NY Times (July 7, 2005)
20 states have passed ‘Common sense consumption laws’ preventing personal injury lawsuits related obesity (11 states pending)
During elections of 2002 & 2004, the food and restaurant industry gave $5.5 million to politicians in the 20 states. Institute on Money in State Politics.
Epilog: Supersize MeThe Food Industry Strikes Back
NY Times (July 7, 2005)
83% of public opposed to obesity lawsuits against restaurants and fast food companies
Pelman & Bradley vs McDonald’s Initial personal injury lawsuit dismissed Jan 2005, panel of 3 Federal Judges reinstated
‘deceptive practices claim’ (McDonald’s falsely presented their food as nutritionally beneficial to consumers)
Is being overweight really that dangerous?
Excess Deaths Associated with Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity
JAMA 2005:293:1861-1867
“Underweight and obesity… were associated with increased mortality…”
“Overweight was not associated with excess mortality.”
“Study finds government overstated danger of obesity” – USA Today – 4/19/05 http://www.usatoday
.com/news/health/2005-04-19-obesity-danger_x.htm
For adults ages 25-59, increased mortality in underweight and obese categories, but not overweight category.
Is Obesity a Public Health Problem?
Obesity and Overweight prevalence is rising rapidly
Obesity is associated with increased risk of mortality (overweight?)
Overweight is a temporary period of transition (many/most overweight people become obese)
Is Obesity a Public Health Problem?
Obesity and Overweight are associated with increased risk of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia
While treatment of these diseases has improved Health care costs are rising Quality of life impacted
The Obesity Epidemic in America:Who’s responsible?
Personal responsibility Environmental influences
Do we need a “Food Police”? http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/12/business/
yourmoney/12food.html?pagewanted=1
Discussion: What role should American society play
in addressing the Obesity Crisis?
Name 1: Weight problems are a matter of personal responsibility.
No significant changes need to be made. 2: Weight problems are significantly influenced by
environmental factors. Society needs to implement changes.
3: Weight problems are highly influenced by environmental factors and will lead to catastrophic health problems. Society needs to implement sweeping changes.
Why we gain weightGenes/Biology vs Environment Overweight is a result of both Adoption studies (biology)
Adopted adults have BMI that are more similar to biological parents than to adoptive parents.
Animal studies (biology) genetically obese rats and mice
Genes/Biology vs Environment (cont.)
Migration studies (environment) Japanese Hawaiian Japanese Californian Japanese
Dietary Change Studies (biology and environment) SW Native Americans
Slow, limited weight loss, health benefits Long-term outcomes
U. Colorado’s Weight Loss Registry Diet most adopt in order to maintain weight loss
Summer 2005 – Final Exam Thursday, July 28, 12:50PM, 201 PE Gee
Lecture materials Chapter 11-Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body
Weight Chapter 9 – Nutrients Involved in Bone Health 20 MC/TF questions See www.cwu.edu/~geed tomorrow for study guide Take Home essay question (turn in with final)
What is the role of American Society in Addressing the US Obesity Crisis?
1 page, double space, 12 pt font, 1” margins 10 pts: grammatically perfect, well thought out, clearly states and
defends position.
Bergman & Bennett Study old exams and example question on their
web pages 40 MC/TF questions
Key Points: Diet and Weight Loss Prevention is far easier than the cure People lose weight using many types of
dietary programs Always energy balance
People are far more likely to maintain weight loss eating a balanced healthy diet
Exercise and Weight Loss U. Colorado’s Weight Loss Registry
Exercised used by nearly 100% Walking the most common form of exercise
Benefits of Exercise Rate of weight loss greater Caloric restriction not as great Quality of weight loss better Proactive choice vs dieting Health benefits independent of weight loss
Rates of physical inactivity in the US
Exercise and Weight Loss
Structured Exercise Aerobic Exercise
Burns more calories, more fat Stress duration initially
Strength Training Builds more lean tissue Increases basal metabolic rate
Exercise for Weight Loss:Walking vs Running
Going 4 miles
Walking @ 15min/mile
Jogging @ 8 min/mile
Calories burned 400 Cal 400 Cal
Fuels burned:
CHO:FAT
50:50 75:25
Calories CHO 200 Cal 300 Cal
Calories FAT 200 Cal 100 Cal
Exercise for Weight Loss:Walking vs Running
Going 1 hour
Walking @ 15min/mile
Jogging @ 8 min/mile
Distance covered 4 miles 7.5 miles
Calories burned 400 Calories 750 Calories
Fuels burned:
CHO:FAT
50:50 75:25
Calories CHO 200 Calories 560 Calories
Calories FAT 200 Calories 190 Calories
Exercise and Weight Loss
Structured Exercise Successful Programs:
Convenient Enjoyable Safe affordable Subject realizes net benefit over costs
Exercise and Weight Loss
Lifestyle Activity 24 hr day
Sleep/rest = 10 hrs Structured exercise = 1 hr What you do the remaining 13 hrs of the day?
Burn extra 25 Cal/hr = 325 Cal/day = 33 pounds of fat loss per year
Develop a new attitude about being active Pedometers and 10,000 step programs Health benefits significant