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Tasmanian Wolf or Thylacine, Thylacinus cynocephalus

The Tasmanian Wolf is not a wolf, but a carnivorous marsupial and a relative of wombats and

kangaroos. It even has a pouch. Tasmanian officials promoting ranching paid bounties to hunters.Believed to be extinct for well over half a century, unconfirmed reported sightings persist.

English Wolf

The wolf became extinct in England in 1486, Scotland in 1743, and Ireland in 1770.


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Quagga

Quagga,Equus burchelli quagga, of the Karoo Plains and southern Free State of South Africa were asubspecies of the Burchells Zebra, although their unique appearance wouldn't necessarily make

this apparent. Some thought incorrectly that the Quagga was the female of Burchell's Zebra, probablybecause the natives gave both zebras the same name.

In the wild, Quaggas, Ostriches and Wildebeests often grazed together in what was termed the "triplealliance". The Quagga's hearing, the Ostrich's eyesight and the Wildibeast's keen sense of smell

comprised excellent defense from predators for the entire herd. However, its limited range made it allthe more vulnerable and Quaggas were hunted to the brink of extinction in the mid 19th Century by

settlers razing sheep, goats and other livestock. The last Quagga died in in 1883 in an Amsterdam Zoo.

Turanian Tiger, Caspian Tiger


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Caspian Tigers lived in China, Tajikistan, Iran, Afghanistan and Turkey. They were hunted for theirfurs and to protect livestock. A ban on hunting the Caspian Tiger in the USSR in 1947 followed their

greatest destruction in the 1930s. The last Caspian Tiger reported shot was in 1957.

Steller's Sea Cow

Steller's Sea Cow was discovered in the Aleutian Islands by George Steller while exploring with VitusBering in 1741. They grew as large as 35 feet long and weighed up to three-and-a-half tons. Sailors

ate their meat and used their leather. They were easily killed and vanished from their only home within

30 years after Steller's discovery.

Spectacled Cormorant, Pallas' Cormorant

Also discovered in the Aleutian Islands by George Steller while exploring with Vitus Bering in 1741.The Spectacled Cormorant was extinct within about a century.


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Dodo, Roland Savery

In 1505, Portuguese explorers discovered the island of Mauritius and the 50 lb flightless Dodos whichsupplemented their food stores. Imported pigs, monkeys and rats fed on the Dodo's eggs in their

ground nests. The last Dodo was killed in 1681

Irish Deer

Herds of the Giant Irish Deer lived in Europe and Ireland during the late Pleistocene until about 10,000

or 11,000 years ago. It stood six feet high at its shoulders, the size of Moose, and its broad antlersspanned ten feet.


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Cave Bear

The Cave Bear lived in Europe during the Pleistocene (1.8 million years ago to 11,000 years ago) from500,000 years ago until 10,000 years ago. Their remains have been found in caves where they lived

and early humans left their drawings on cave walls. When upright, they stood 12 feet tall.

Saber Tooth Tiger

Saber tooth tigers lived in Europe and North America. They were fast runners for short distances and

probably ambushed their prey in packs. The Hoplophoneus species lived 20 million years ago. TheSmilodon species lived during the Pleistocene from 1.6 million years ago to 10,000 years ago when it

became extinct.


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Moeritherium

Moeritherium lived in North Africa about 50 million years ago in the Miocene. They stood little more

than two feet tall and likely ate water plants in ponds similarly to hippopotamuses.

The red panda (which is much smaller than the giant panda) resembles a raccoon in

size and appearance. The red panda weighs 3 - 6 kg (7 - 13 lb). It lives in mountain

forests with abamboounderstory, at altitudes generally between 1500 and 4800 m

(5000 - 15,700'). Red pandas almost exclusively eatbamboo. They are good tree

climbers and spend most of their time in trees when not foraging. A female red pandapicks a location such as a tree hollow or rock crevice for a maternal den, where she

will bear 1 - 5 young. Red pandas are solitary, except for the mating period and the

time when a mother and its young are together.

The red panda is found in a mountainous band fromNepal through northeastern India

and Bhutan and into China, Laos and northern Myanmar. It is rare and continues to

decline. It has already become extinct in 4 of the 7 Chinese provinces in which it was

previously found. The major threats to red pandas are loss and fragmentation of

habitat due to deforestation (and the resulting loss ofbamboo) for timber, fuel and

agricultural land; poaching for the pet and fur trades; and competition from domestic

livestock.
http://www.animalinfo.org/species/carnivor/ailumela.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossb.htm#bamboohttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossb.htm#bamboohttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossu.htm#understoryhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossb.htm#bamboohttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/nepal.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/india.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/bhutan.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/china.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/countind.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/myanmar.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossb.htm#bamboohttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossb.htm#bamboohttp://www.animalinfo.org/species/carnivor/ailumela.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossb.htm#bamboohttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossu.htm#understoryhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossb.htm#bamboohttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/nepal.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/india.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/bhutan.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/china.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/countind.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/myanmar.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossb.htm#bamboo


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The Iberian lynx weighs 9 - 13 kg (20 - 30 lb). It usually occurs in a mosaic of

woodland or dense scrub and open pasture where it feeds mainly on rabbits. This cat

is predominantly nocturnaland is an excellent tree climber. It uses a variety of

locations for breeding lairs, even including old stork nests as much as 9 - 12 m (30 -

40') above the ground.Home ranges of males and females generally do not overlap

other ranges of the same sex. Male ranges overlap one or more female ranges.

The Iberian lynx was formerly found throughout Spain and Portugal. Although it

began to decline in the first half of the 20th century, the decline accelerated after the

1950's due to the spread of myxomatosis, a disease which decimated populations ofthe European rabbit, the lynx's main prey. Additional factors in the lynx's decline

include habitat loss (which affects both the lynx itself as well as its rabbit prey),

illegal hunting, accidental killing by snares and poison baits set for other animals, and

roadkill. By 2000 it was considered to exist in a heavily fragmented population in

which only two groups are large enough to have long-term prospects of viability.
http://www.animalinfo.org/glossn.htm#nocturnalhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossn.htm#nocturnalhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossh.htm#home_rangehttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossh.htm#home_rangehttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/spain.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/portugal.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossn.htm#nocturnalhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossh.htm#home_rangehttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/spain.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/portugal.htm


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The wild yak has a dense undercoat of soft, close-matted hair which is covered by

generally dark brown to black outer hair. Its long, shaggy coat reaches almost to the

ground. The wild yak can weigh up to 1000 kg (2200 lb) with a shoulder height of

over 2 m (6.5'). It occurs in treeless uplands, including plains, hills, and mountains,

from as low as 3200 m (10,500') up to the limit of vegetation at about 5400 m(18,000'). It stays in high areas with permanent snow during the warmer months of

August and September, and spends the rest of the year at lower elevations. The wild

yak grazes on grasses,herbs and lichens. Ordinarily it gathers in groups of 10 - 30 or

more, but it may occasionally be observed in large groups of 100 - 200.

The wild yak was once numerous and widespread on the entire Tibetan plateau north

of the Himalayas. Currently it is found in remote areas of the Tibetan plateau and

adjacent highlands, including Gansu Province, China, with a few having been

observed in the Chang Chenmo Valley of Ladakh (eastern Kashmir,India). Wild yak

distribution is highly clumped, with most animals in widely scattered herds,

concentrated in the areas with little disturbance by humans. A survey conducted in

2003 found increasing populations of wild yak compared to previous surveys taken

10 years earlier.

Uncontrolled hunting by natives and military personnel is the main reason for the wild

yak's decline. Its range has been reduced by more than half during this century.

Poaching remains the main current threat. The wild yak has lost most of the best

alpine meadow and steppe habitat topastoralists. Problems are also caused by habitat

disturbance, hybridizationand competition with domestic yaks, and disease

transmitted by domestic yaks.
http://www.animalinfo.org/glossh.htm#herbhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossh.htm#herbhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossl.htm#lichenhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/china.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/india.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/india.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glosss.htm#steppehttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossp.htm#pastoralismhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossh.htm#hybridizationhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossh.htm#hybridizationhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossh.htm#herbhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossl.htm#lichenhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/china.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/india.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glosss.htm#steppehttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossp.htm#pastoralismhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossh.htm#hybridization


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The baiji is a graceful animal, with a long, narrow and slightly upturned beak and aflexible neck. As opposed to some other freshwater dolphins, like theIndus River

dolphin, its eyes are functional, although greatly reduced. Its coloration is bluish-gray

to gray above and white to ashy-white below. It weighs 135 - 230 kg (300 - 510 lb)

and measures as much as 2.5 m (8.2') in length.

The baiji only occurs in freshwater rivers and lakes. It favors large eddy counter-

currents such as are found below meanders; channel convergences; and areas in a

river with structure, such as sandbars. In the Yangtze River, the baiji generally lives in

the deeper sections, swimming to shallow water only to catch small fish. Any

available species of small (less than 6.5 cm (2.5") in width) freshwater fish is eaten.

Feeding activity is primarily diurnal.

A group may congregate in the quiet area of an eddy for 5 - 6 hours. At night the baiji

often rests in areas of very slow current. Several underwater acoustic signals are

apparently used for communication andecholocation. Baijis generally live in small

groups of 3 - 4 animals, which may come together to make up a larger social unit of 9

- 16 dolphins.

The distribution of the baiji originally included not only the lower and middle reaches

of the Yangtze River down to the rivers mouth, but also the Qiantang and Fuchun

Rivers and Dongting and Poyang Lakes. It no longer occurs in the lakes or branchesof the Yangtze but only in the mainstem, and the extent of its distribution is
http://www.animalinfo.org/species/cetacean/platmino.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/species/cetacean/platmino.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/species/cetacean/platmino.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossd.htm#diurnalhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossd.htm#diurnalhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glosse.htm#echolocationhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glosse.htm#echolocationhttp://www.animalinfo.org/species/cetacean/platmino.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/species/cetacean/platmino.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossd.htm#diurnalhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glosse.htm#echolocation


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significantly reduced. The baiji is considered the most endangered cetacean, and its

prospects for survival are extremely doubtful.

Deaths from entanglement in or electrocution by fishing gear, collisions with vessels,

blasting for channel maintenance, and illegal harvesting of the baiji are at least

partially responsible for the decline of its range and abundance. In addition, thedamming of tributaries, drainage for land "reclamation," dredging, depletion of the

baiji's prey by over-fishing, and noise and congestion caused by vessel traffic in the

river have substantially degraded the Yangtze's environment. The Three Gorges Dam

will produce further stress on the baiji population by altering the Yangtze's

hydrological regime. The baiji generally occurs in large eddy counter-currents which

are expected to be eliminated for approximately 200 km (120 mi) downstream by the

water released below the dam.

The hair of the yellow-tailed woollymonkeyis long and thick, an adaptation to itscold montane forest habitat. Its color is deep mahogany, with yellow on the underside

of the rear surface of the tail and a whitish patch on the muzzle. The average weight is

5.7 kg (12.5 lb) for females and 8.3 kg (18.3 lb) for males. The yellow-tailed woolly

monkey lives in the montane cloud forests of the Peruvian Andes at elevations of

1700 - 2500 m (5600' - 8200'), where there are steep gorges and ravines. Its diet is

primarily frugivorous, but leaves, flowers, and buds are also eaten. The yellow-tailed

woolly monkey is arborealand diurnal. It has a multi-male group social system and a

polygamous mating system. Apparently the competition among group members is at a

low level.

Alexander von Humboldt was the first Western scientist to observe the yellow-tailedwoolly monkey, in 1802. Other than 5 specimens that were collected in 1925 and
http://www.animalinfo.org/glossc.htm#cetaceanhttp://www.tattoos-by-design.co.uk/Library/viewtatoo.asp?ID=1285http://www.tattoos-by-design.co.uk/Library/viewtatoo.asp?ID=1285http://www.tattoos-by-design.co.uk/Library/viewtatoo.asp?ID=1285http://www.animalinfo.org/glossm.htm#montanehttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossm.htm#montanehttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossf.htm#frugivoroushttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossa.htm#arborealhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossa.htm#arborealhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossd.htm#diurnalhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossm.htm#multi-malehttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossp.htm#polygamoushttp://www.tattoos-by-design.co.uk/rate_my_tattoo/tattoos/viewtatoo.asp?ID=5689http://www.animalinfo.org/glossc.htm#cetaceanhttp://www.tattoos-by-design.co.uk/Library/viewtatoo.asp?ID=1285http://www.animalinfo.org/glossm.htm#montanehttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossm.htm#montanehttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossf.htm#frugivoroushttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossa.htm#arborealhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossd.htm#diurnalhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossm.htm#multi-malehttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossp.htm#polygamoushttp://www.tattoos-by-design.co.uk/rate_my_tattoo/tattoos/viewtatoo.asp?ID=5689


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1926, nothing further was reported about this monkey until it was observed by an

expedition in 1974. It is known to occur only in a few locations in the montane cloud

forests of Eastern Peru.

The inaccessibility of its habitat protected the species until the 1950's. However, the

construction of new roads; habitat loss and fragmentation from agriculture, loggingand cattle ranching; and subsistence hunting; together with the monkey's naturally low

population densities, slow maturation, low reproductive rate, and a restricted

geographic distribution have led to this species' current critically endangered status.

Baobab Tree

Baobabs, with their distinctive shape, are one of the most charismatic group of trees in

the world. Six out of the eight species of baobab are endemic to Madagascar, three are

classified as Endangered and three are Near Threatened.

Dragon Tree

Approximately five hundred years ago the fruit of the Dragon Tree was the staple

food of an endemic, Dodo-like, flightless bird that is now extinct. The processing of

Dragon Tree seeds through the digestive tract of this bird helped stimulate

germination. It is possible that the loss of this bird species has led to a decline
http://www.animalinfo.org/glossm.htm#montanehttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/peru.htmhttp://www.animalinfo.org/glossm.htm#montanehttp://www.animalinfo.org/country/peru.htm


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in naturally occurring Dragon Trees. It is becoming very rare and seed must be

manually processed in order to germinate.

Snowdonia Hawkweed

The plant was last reported seen in 1953, and was believed to have been nibbled to

death by sheep.

Gardenia brighamii

Gardenia brighamii is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and at one time thought to

have occurred on all of the main islands. Judging from its use by the Hawaiians as a

cloth dye, its habitat, associated species, and distribution in the early 1900s, it was

probably a relatively common member of the lowland dry forest. At the beginning of

the 20th century, it was considered common on west Molokaì and Maui, but already

either extirpated or very rare on the other islands. Today, the total known wild

individuals of Gardenia brighamii numbers less than 20 and are distributed among 6

populations on Oahù, Lanaì and Molokaì.


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