FATS AND CHOLESTEROL www.nutsforlife.c om.au
FATS AND CHOLESTEROL
www.nutsforlife.com.au.
1. Key Concepts and Facts
Fats are concentrated source of energy
Fats carry essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins
Fats have positive and negative health effects
Saturated fats and trans fats raise blood cholesterol levels more than any other fat
2. Roles of Dietary Fat
Increases the flavor and palatability of foodsAbsorb and retain flavor
Provides sustained relief from hungerStay in stomach longerAbsorbed from small intestine more
slowly
Table 18-1, p. 3
Lipids (Fats)Component of cell membranes
Regulate transfer of nutrients
Cushions kidneys & heart
Protects and insulates organs In 1926, Gertrude Ederle became the
first woman and sixth person to swim across the English Channel, in 14.5 hours, beating the men's record by 2 hours.
Fig. 18-3, p. 5
A Short Saturated Fatty Acid
Butyric Acid
A carboxylic group, COOH
A chain of 3 carbons
Saturated with hydrogen
A Triglyceride
Glycerol
3 stearic acid molecures
saturated fatty acids
Common Fatty Acids
Essential Fatty Acids
Omega 3
Alpha Linolenic Acid ALA
From Fish & Flax
DHA & EPA
Omega 6
Linoleic Acid (LA)
Sunflower, safflower, soybean & corn
More on essential fatty acids
5- linus pauling institute, http://lpi.oregonstate.edu
ALA can be converted to DPA, DHA, and EPA
Functions of Essential Fatty Acids
crucial role in brain function
needed for normal growth and development
may reduce the risk of heart disease.
reduces inflammation
may lower risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, and arthritis
Fatty Acid Composition of Fats
Where to Get Omega 3’s
Fortification with Omega 3’s
Research beefing up steaks, hamburgers with healthy omega-3s By ROXANA HEGEMANOct. 9, 2015
Eggs 130 mg EPA+DHA
200 mg EPA+DHA per 5 oz serving
Excellent source of Omega-3s EPA/DHA & ALA ? 32mg EPA/DHA per serving. 400mg ALA per serving
YOUNG WOMEN: MERCURY GUIDELINES
Do not eat Shark, Swordfish, King Mackerel, or Tilefish. Eat up to 12 ounces (2-3 average meals) a week of a variety of fish and shellfish that are low in mercury. Check local advisories about the safety of fish caught in local lakes, rivers, and coastal areas(more when we learn about pregnancy)
What is Hydrogenation of Fats?
Oleic Acid Stearic Acid
Linoleic Acid Stearic Acid
Partial Hydrogenationcreates trans fats
Why are food companies working to remove trans fat from foods?
Jan. 2006, trans fat content added to labels.
2018 deadline for food companies to eliminate trans fat from their products. OK in products like meat and
cheese where they occur naturally
Vitamin D, and bile
Cholesterol+Sun = Vitamin D
Trans fats or trans fatty acids: contain fatty acids in the trans form.
Mediterranean Diet
Groups who consume high fat diets can have average or below average rates of heart and other chronic diseases
The traditional Mediterranean diet is based on whole grain products, vegetables, fruits, nuts, olive oil, dried beans, wine, fish, and poultry
35-40% of calories come from fat, mostly monounsaturated
People eating the Mediterranean diet tend to be physically active and normal weight or lean
Despite high fat content, people with that diet and lifestyle have low rates of heart disease and cancer, and long life expectancy
ProgressRecent recommendations for fat intake are a change in dietary intake guidance
Change developing for years as research results supported new recommendations
Fat Intake Recommendations
Recommendations call for 20-35% of total calories from fat
AIs for linoleic acid 17 gm/day for men, and 12 gm/day for women
AIs for alpha-linolenic acid 1.6 gm/day for men, 1.1 gm for women
Recommendations
Americans encouraged to increase consumption of EPA and DHA by eating fish more often (i.e., twice a week)
Most Americans consume enough linoleic acid, but intakes of alpha-linolenic acid tend to be low
Our saturated fat intake averages 11-12% of calories, and increases risk of heart disease
Recommendation is that saturated fat intake should be no more than 10% of calories
Intake of trans fats should be very low