Engineering Failure Analysis 127 (2021) 105397 Available online 31 March 2021 1350-6307/© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Fatigue crack arrest in steel beams using FRP composites Seyed Mahdi Hosseini a , Jakob Melchior b , Mohammadreza Izadi c, * , Elyas Ghafoori d, e, * a Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada b Concretum Construction Science AG, Zürich, Switzerland c School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, Australia d Structural Engineering Research Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Duebendorf, Switzerland e Institute of Structural Engineering (IBK), Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland A R T I C L E INFO Keywords: Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) Pre-stressing Fatigue crack Fracture Metallic structures ABSTRACT Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of strengthening with pre-stressed carbon- fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites to increase the lifetime of cracked steel members. In some cases, complete crack arrest has been observed. This study aims to present a method that can estimate the minimum required prestressing that would result in a complete crack arrest in steel I-beams. Analytical and numerical models based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) were developed and verified using a set of experimental results. Three steel I-beams with different crack lengths were strengthened with pre-stressed CFRP composites and later tested under a high- cycle fatigue loading regime. It was shown that the pre-stressed CFRP composites could result in a crack closure mechanism, in which the crack surfaces remained closed even under large external loads. Furthermore, it was shown that by considering the stiffness of the CFRP in the analytical formulation, the amount of prestressing required to arrest the fatigue crack growth can be reduced. 1. Introduction Aging is becoming a worldwide concern for existing steel bridges. Approximately 22% of the bridges in Europe are made of steel, and thus they are prone to aging-related problems such as fatigue cracking and require constant inspections and repairs [1]. Traffic loads have increased over the last few decades, and this is especially critical for bridges that are already older than 50 years as fatigue damage is accumulated over time. In some cases, the damage is so advanced that the entire structure needs to be replaced. This often requires a huge financial investment and may also lead to traffic congestion; therefore, a repair seems to be a profitable alternative whenever possible [2–4]. A very recent repair option, favored by bridge engineers, is the use of carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates [5–8]. The advantages lie in the high strength-to-weight ratio of the composite material along with its good fatigue behavior. Among the CFRP- strengthening techniques (with bonded and un-bonded anchorages), the most efficient solution has been achieved by pre-stressing the CFRP composites [7,9,10]. This not only reduces the stress concentrations in the problematic zone but also compresses the entire area, * Corresponding authors at: Centre for Infrastructure and Safety (CIES), School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia (M. Izadi). Structural Engineering Research Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Duebendorf, Switzerland (E. Ghafoori). E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (M. Izadi), [email protected] (E. Ghafoori). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Engineering Failure Analysis journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/engfailanal https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105397 Received 29 November 2020; Received in revised form 7 March 2021; Accepted 20 March 2021
Fatigue crack arrest in steel beams using FRP composites
May 21, 2023
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