Fate of Feathers FallSpring. Natal and Juvenal Plumages (Natal Down Feathers, Juvenal Feathers)

Fate of Feathers

Natal and Juvenal Plumages

(Natal Down Feathers, Juvenal Feathers)

Fig. 3-28 in Podulka et al. 2004

Subadult Plumages

Definitive Plumage

One Complete Molt per Year

•Chickadees •Flycatchers •Hawks •Humingbirds •Jays

•Owls •Swallows •Thrushes •Vireos •Woodpeckers

21

One Complete Molt per Year

20

Partial Molt

Fall Complete Molt, Spring Partial Molt

Two Complete Molts per Year

Delayed Plumage Maturation

First BreedingSeason

Second BreedingSeason

FEMALE MALE

SubadultDefinitive

Definitive Definitive

Delayed Plumage MaturationMALE

Subadult

Definitive

Why?

Female Mimicry Hypothesis

Status Signaling Hypothesis

Winter Crypsis Hypothesis

Case Study: Benefits of Delayed Plumage Maturation

First BreedingSeason

Second BreedingSeason

Molting Nomenclature

1

3

Natal DownPlumage

Juvenal Plumage

Traditional Plumage Naming Systems

Nuptial Plumage

Winter Plumage(Post-Nuptial Plumage)

3

Traditional Plumage Naming Systems

Prenuptial Molt

Postnuptial Molt

Postnatal MoltPostjuvenal

Molt

Fig. 3-35 in

Pod

ulk

a et al. 2004

Traditional Plumage Naming Systems

Traditional Plumage Naming Systems: Problems

• Different Plumages not always Correlatedwith Breeding Behavior

• No “Winter” Season in Tropics

• Some Birds breed More or Less thanOnce a Year

3

Natal DownPlumage

Juvenal Plumage

Humphrey-Parkes Plumage Naming Systems

Alternate Plumage

Basic Plumage

3

Traditional Plumage Naming Systems

Prealternate Molt

Prealternate Molt

Prejuvenal MoltPrebasic Molt

Fig. 3-35 in

Pod

ulk

a et al. 2004

Humphrey-Parkes Plumage Naming Systems

Applications of Humphrey-Parkes System

Alternate Plumage

http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=icwdmwfm

REMIGE MOLT PROGRESSION: PARTIAL

12

REMIGE MOLT PROGRESSION: PARTIAL

Fig. 3-21 in Podulka et al. 2004

11

RECTRICE MOLT PROGRESSION: PARTIAL

18

13 Duck

REMIGE MOLT PROGRESSION: COMPLETE

14

Loon

15

Grebe

1516

OwlBoat-Tailed Grackle

17RECTRICE MOLT PROGRESSION:

COMPLETE

Puffin

21

22

.. AND ONE MORE

29

Non-Feathered Areas: Eye

2324

Eyes: Species Differences

2526

Eyes: Gender Differences

Effect on Social Behavior Not Studied Extensively

26

27

EYE COLOR: DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES

28

Fig. 3-33 in Podulka et al. 2004

Non-Feathered Areas: Beak/Bill

Non-Feathered Areas: Beak/Bill

Non-Feathered Areas: Bill/BeakCere, Operculum, Groove, Tubular Nares

40

41

Non-Feathered Areas: Bill/Beak

Non-Feathered Areas: Bill/Beak(Seasonal Color Differences)

Basic Plumage Alternate Plumage

9 10

Non-Feathered Areas: Bill/Beak(Gender Differences)

Non-Feathered Areas: Bill/Beak(Breeding Behavior)

Oral Flanges

Non-Feathered Areas: Feet

Fig. 3-38 in Podulka et al. 2004

5253

Feathered Areas: Feet

Perching

56

Non-Feathered Areas: Feet Types

Non-Feathered Areas: Feet Adaptations

Fig. 3-39 in Podulka et al. 2004

Non-Feathered Areas: Feet Adaptations

Non-Feathered Areas: Feet Adaptations

Non-Feathered Areas: Feet Adaptations

Fig. 3-40 in Podulka et al. 2004

Non-Feathered Areas: Feet(Pectinate Claw)

Non-Feathered Areas: Feet(Wing Claw)

Hoatzin

59 60

61

Non-Feathered Areas: Head

6263

64

Non-Feathered Areas: Head

66

65

67 68

Non-Feathered Areas: Head(Boom Sacs, Casques, Snoods, Combs, Wattles)

Next: Color

1 http://www.nmnh.si.edu/rtp/students/2003/images/birdstour11.jpg

2 http://www.westol.com/~banding/SCTA_AHYM_091305.JPG

3 http://www.wbu.com/chipperwoods/images/scarlettan4.jpg

4 http://content.ornith.cornell.edu/UEWebApp/images/BID_121302_00557C_S.jpg

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6 http://www.ecologia.info/blue-manakin.jpg

7 http://www.rosssea.info/pix/big/White-Cap-Albatross.jpg

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16 http://www.jrcompton.com/photos/The_Birds/J/September-07-j/JR99839- splay-tail.jpg

17 http://www.montereybay.com/creagrus/HOPU17Mr07MB-RgW1.jpg

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23 http://www.birdfinders.co.uk/images/yellow-eyed-junco-arizona-2007.jpg

24 http://www.toddgross.com/photos/uncategorized/dark_eyed_junco_1.jpg

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30 http://www.jrcompton.com/photos/The_Birds/J/April-07jpix/JR73039-pink- beak.jpg

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32 http://www.ohiobirds.org/birdingnews/images/beak%20(2).jpg

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39 http://images.livescience.com/images/myths_chicken_head_03_10.jpg

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43 http://montereybay.com/creagrus/MTY_2007.html

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49 http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/toearrangements.gif

50 http://www.paws.org/pics/emailpics/wildagain/01-11-2006-03.jpg

51 http://www.paws.org/pics/emailpics/wildagain/01-11-2006-06.jpg

52 http://www.zooschool.ecsd.net/images/snowy%20owl1.jpg

53 http://z.about.com/d/birding/1/7/8/8/2/redtail1.jpg

54 http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=51969&rendTypeId=4

55 http://pie.midco.net/dougback/miscphotos/Osprey%20fish.jpg

56 http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/semipalmate.jpg&imgrefurl=http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdfeet.html&h=117&w=150&sz=5&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=G3rJVdo6tGv8M:&tbnh=75&tbnw=96&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsemipalmate%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG

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60 http://images.livescience.com/images/ls_ugliest_vulture_03_10.jpg

61 http://www.birddigiscoping.com/blogcondorface.jpg

62 http://mirror-pole.com/collpage/tv/bv1.jpg

63 http://www.lairweb.org.nz/vulture/rdscheer-black-vulture.jpg

64 http://www.donaldheald.com/pictures/07443.jpg

65 http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/states/newmexico/ images/male_lpc_display.jpg

66 http://www.ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/pix/lazoo/Cassowary-m.jpg

67 http://olemiss.edu/depts/biology/people/faculty/buchholz/gobsnood2.jpg

68 http://www.freewebs.com/professorchickensdiseases/frostbite2.jpg

69 http://www.revisionworld.com/files/spectrum%20copy.jpg

70 http://kaweahoaks.com/html/raven01.jpg

71 http://nationalzoo.si.edu/ConservationAndScience/MigratoryBirds/Featured_photo/Images/Bigpic/grca1.jpg

72 http://www.ehponline.org/members/2003/5500/fig4.jpg

73 http://www.natures-desktop.com/images/Wallpaper/Fullsize1280/Bird- wallpaper/Coot%20on%20Nest%20in%20Green%20Pond.jpg

74 http://nationalzoo.si.edu/ConservationAndScience/MigratoryBirds/ Research/Microbial_communities/images/feather_microbes2.jpg

75 http://www.bringbackthecranes.org/images/wcranes/2cranesOverhead_6x4.jpg

76 http://www.birdsasart.com/Snow-&-Ross'-Geese-warm-light-Bosque-Del- Apache-NWR-NM-279T0109.jpg

78 http://www.birdperch.com/blog/uploaded_images/Altamira_Oriole-03.jpg

79 http://www.trmichels.com/ScarletTanager.jpg

80 http://farm1.static.flickr.com/113/289797333_536c33afcb_m.jpg

82 http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/0/00/240px-House-finch-male.jpeg

81 http://www.geocities.com/tgrey41/HouseFinch24.jpg

83 http://www.rosyfinch.com/HouseFinch2.jpg

84 http://www.hillcountryaviaries.com/whitecrestedsmall.jpg

85 http://www.avianweb.com/images/birds/violettouraco.jpg

86 http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v26/n2/images/ng1000_129_I1.gif

87 http://www.drugdeliverytech.com/cufm/jpg/001942.jpg

88 http://image55.webshots.com/555/0/33/95/2315033950031239111NBZnAv _fs.jpg

89 http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/upload/thumb/f/f7/250px- Porphyrin-structure.png

90 http://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/birds/annas_hummingbird _9775tk.jpg

91 http://fohn.net/hummingbird-pictures/hummingbirds-large/2annas- hummingbird-male.jpg

92 http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/1983126/2/istock photo_1983126_anna_s_hummingbird.jpg

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94 http://www.fallingstar.net/awakened/entries/pics/070709Day08_hike23 jay_feather.jpg

95 http://www.kidwings.com/bodyparts/feathers/colors/bluejay down1.jpg

96 http://www.msstate.edu/org/mos/Images/American%20Woodcock%20on %20nest.JPG

97 http://www.nycaudubon.org/NYCASBirdWatch/American_Woodcock.jpg

98 http://water.usgs.gov/nwsum/WSP2425/images/fig33.jpeg

99 http://www.dcwild.com/images/Herons%20&%20Egrets/ American%20Bittern%201.jpg

100 http://identify.whatbird.com/img/4/4028/image.aspx

101 http://artfiles.art.com/images/-/Michael-Quinton/A-White-Tailed-Ptarmigan- Blends-into-a-Landscape-of-Rock-and-Snow-Photographic-Print-C11904290.jpeg

102 http://content.ornith.cornell.edu/UEWebApp/images/WLN_123002_100042 _S.jpg

103 http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=3638&rendTypeId=4

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106 http://www.birdsamore.com/_images/vireo-warbling_350.jpg

107 http://thebirdguide.com/digiscoping/photos/IMG_6533_warbling_vireo.jpg

108 http://paloaltocatholic.org/images/willet.jpg

109 http://morrostrand.com/images/1-28-06-willet/willet-7469.jpg

110 http://morrostrand.com/images/1-28-06-willet/willet-7523.jpg

111 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Common _yellowthroat.jpg/600px-Common_yellowthroat.jpg

112 http://www.laspilitas.com/California_birds/Tyrant_flycatchers/ Black_Phoebe/Black_phoebe_7.jpg

113 http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/ Ecology/Birds/Red-winged%20Blackbird/behavi19.jpg

114 http://www.baldeagleinfo.com/birds/RWblkBirdFE.jpg

115 http://www.maxwaugh.com/images/yellowstone07may/eagle1.jpg

116 http://www.birdholidays.co.uk/Golden-Eagle-1w-A.jpg

115 http://www.worth1000.com/entries/185000/185400NSUR_w.jpg

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117 http://sdakotabirds.com/species/photos/rose_breasted_grosbeak_2.jpg

118 http://64.17.184.245/images/1-a-11a/Black-headed%20Grosbeak%20-% 20Madera%20Canyon%2005-15-16-2007%20-%20002.JPG

119 http://www.montereybay.com/creagrus/Grosbeak_rosebr-im4Au92.jpg

120 http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/1672320/2/ istockphoto_1672320_northern_gannet_colony.jpg

121 http://www.sibleynaturecenter.org/photoessays/prairiechickens/07.jpg

122 http://www.jeaniron.ca/Shorebirds/2006/akimiski/canada%20geese% 20pair144119.jpg

123 http://www.luckyoliver.com/photos/derived/aO6mDSfB0r3i bradbivJjM/LO-canadian_geese-5049055.jpg