STRUT & HANGERS AUTO & ELECTRICAL CHEMICALS & JANITORIAL SAFETY PRODUCTS CONTRACTOR & INDUSTRIAL TOOLS & ACCESSORIES DRILLS / SAWS & ABRASIVES MASONRY ANCHORS FASTENERS 148 WWW.KLJACK.COM FASTENER TECHNICAL DATA AND CHARTS SECTION IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER All of the information provided in this section has been assembled with concern for accuracy. It is intended for advisory purposes only and use of this information is completely voluntary. We do not guarantee its completeness or validity and assume no responsibility for any loss, claims or damages resulting from use or application of this information. All information is subject to change without prior notice. BE SURE TO VERIFY!
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FASTENERS MASONRY FASTENER TECHNICAL · PDF file- square and hex bolts, cap screws, carriage bolts, plow bolts, ... cial bolts or studs, not to the method of thread production. A cut-thread
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FASTENERTECHNICAL DATA
AND CHARTSSECTION
IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER
All of the information provided in this sectionhas been assembled with concern for accuracy.
It is intended for advisory purposes only anduse of this information is completely voluntary.
We do not guarantee its completenessor validity and assume no responsibilityfor any loss, claims or damages resulting
from use or application of this information.
All information is subjectto change without prior notice.
Be sure to verify!
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Fasteners
PRODUCT CATALOG 2009/10
Industry standardsMost industrial fasteners are covered by two basic standards: one for materials and properties; the other, for dimensions and tolerances. Specifications for materials and properties are published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), although other groups such as the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) also publish specifications covering these requirements.
Standards for dimensions and tolerances are issued by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in cooperation with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the Industrial Fasteners Institute (IFI).
Where applicable, published specifications covering a particular fastener will be referenced in the section of this booklet dealing with that fastener.
When referring to standards and specifications, we will use only the well-known initials of the above societies-ANSI, ASME, IFI, ASTM and SAE.
Standard fasteners are basic industrial fasteners - square and hex bolts, cap screws, carriage bolts, plow bolts, lag screws, studs, nuts, rivets and others - which have been standardized over the years as to type‘, style, usage, properties, dimensions and tolerances.
These include a vast range of sizes and types stocked by distributors and manufacturers for an almost limitless range of applications: the assembly and maintenance of vehicles, appliances, farm equipment, construction equipment, industrial and plant machinery of all kinds, furniture and toys.
Wherever there’s a need for holding parts together, holding them apart, holding them up, or holding them down, a standard fastener can usually be found to do the job efficiently and economically.
Modern industrial fasteners are manufactured to a variety of standards covering dimensions, tolerances, materials, mechanical properties, testing procedures, etc.
BasIc Fastener types
A Bolt is a device with a head on one end of a shank or body and a thread on the other end. Designed for insertion through holes in assembly parts, it is mated with a tapped nut. Tension is nor-mally induced in the bolt to compress the assem-bly by rotating the nut. This may also be done by rotation of the bolt head.
A Screw is a headed and threaded bolt used with-out a nut. It is inserted into an internally tapped hole and tension is induced by rotation of the screw head.
A Stud is a fastener with no head but it has threads at both ends of the shank. It, like a screw, has one end that screws into a tapped hole. A nut is used on the other end to create tension.
If a stud is threaded its entire shank length and a nut used on both ends to create tension, it serves the function of a bolt and is then classified as a Stud Bolt.
INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
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BASIC FASTENER DATA
terMInOLOGy and MeasureMents
The diameter of all bolts is measured as the outside of major diameter of the thread. The length of a headed bolt is measured from the largest diameter of the bearing surface of the head to the extreme end of the point in a line parallel to the axis of the bolt. For example, square or hex head bolts are measured from under the head to the end of the bolt; a bolt with a countersunk head is measured overall. The point of a bolt is always included in the measured length.Headless fasteners such as studs are measured overall, including points, except for continuous-thread alloy studs made to ASTM Specification A193. This type is measured from first thread to first thread.
Bolts have various styles of heads. Some of the more popular styles are illustrated above.
styLes OF Head
HEAVY HEADS AND NUTSBolt users may require a bolt head or nut of greater width to compensate for wide clearance in bolt holes or unusually heavy loading. For such needs we offer heavy bolt heads and nut sizes. Heavy nuts are quite common and readily available in various types and sizes but heavy head bolts have more limited availability.
BOLT AND NUT BEARING SURFACESCold-upset bolts made on a “boltmaker” usually are washer faced but large or very long bolts may have a flat face (not machined). Nuts made on cold “nut-formers” may have double chamfered or washer faces. Large size nuts have hot-forged washer bearing faces, not machined, unless specially ordered.
Round Round Countersunk (button) Square Hex
Standard hex bolt with hex nut
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Fasteners
PRODUCT CATALOG 2009/10
Heat treatment covers various techniques that may be used to develop certain end-product characteristics. Customary procedures for fasteners include annealing,stress relieving, case hardening, direct quench and temper, and carbon restoration.
ANNEALINGA thermal cycle involving heating to, and holding at a suitable temperature and then cooling at asuitable rate, for such purposes as reducing hardness, improving machinability, facilitating coldworking, producing a desired microstructure, or obtaining desired mechanical or other properties.
STRESS RELIEVINGA thermal cycle involving heating to a suitable temperature, usually 1000/1200°F, holding longenough to reduce residual stresses from either cold deformation or thermal treatment, and thencooling slowly enough to minimize the development of new residual stresses.
CASE HARDENINGA term descriptive of one or more processes of hardening steel in which the outer portion, or case, ismade substantially harder than the inner portion, or core. Most of the processes involve eitherenriching the surface layer with carbon and/or nitrogen, usually followed by quenching andtempering, or the selective hardening of the surface layer by means of flame or induction hardening.
QUENCHING AND TEMPERINGA thermal process used to increase the hardness and strength of steel. It consists of austenitizing, thencooling at a rate sufficient to achieve partial or complete transformation to martensite.Tempering should follow immediately, and involves reheating to a temperature below thetransformation range and then cooling at any rate desired. Tempering improves ductility andtoughness, but reduces the quenched hardness by an amount determined by the temperingtemperature used.
Standard industrial fasteners are manufactured from either carbon or alloy steels.When strength requirements are moderate, low-carbon steel is used.
High-strength fasteners are made from medium-high carbonor alloy steels and are heat treated to develop desired properties.
Most fasteners are covered by specifications that define required mechanicalproperties such as tensile strength, yield strength, proof load, and hardness.
TENSILE STRENGTHThe maximum tensile stress in pounds per sq. in. which a material is capable of sustaining, as developedby a tension test.
YIELD STRENGTHThe stress at which a material exhibits a specified deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain.The deviation is expressed in terms of strain, and in the offset method, usually a strain of 0.2 percent isspecified.
PROOF LOADThe point to which a material may be stressed without evidence of permanent deformation.
HARDNESSThe resistance of a material to plastic deformation. Usually measured in steels by the Brinell, Rockwell,or Vickers indentation-hardness text methods.
HEAT TREATMENT
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
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SCREW THREADS
Screw threads are spiral grooves produced on the outside of a bolt (external threads) or ma-chined inside a nut (internal threads). Four thread forms have been established by the ANSI: UN(internal and external threads). UNR (external threads only), UNK (external threads only), UNJ(internal and external threads).
The terms “rolled thread” and “cut thread” refer solely to the physical characteristics of commer-cial bolts or studs, not to the method of thread production. A cut-thread bolt has a shankdiameter equal to the threaded diameter; a rolled-thread bolt has a shank diameter less than thethreaded diameter.
Classes of thread fit are distinguished from each other by the amounts of tolerance specified.Classes 1A, 2A, and 3A apply to external threads; Classes 1B, 2B and 3B, to internal threads.
Classes 1A and 1B are shown in ANSI standards but are rarely used. Most standard fasteners areproduced with a Class 2A fit for bolts and a Class 2B fit for nuts. The Class 2A allowance assureseasier assembly of mating parts, minimizes galling and seizing in high-cycle wrench assembly,and can be used to accommodate commercial electroplated finishes. Classes 3A and 3B affordno allowance or clearance for mating parts and are used chiefly for applications where a closetolerance fit is important.
Class 5 is a special interference fit which results in an actual overlap of dimensions whenthreaded parts are fitted together. It is normally used only on the tap-end of studs.Threading requirements are designated (1) by the number of threads per inch applied to aspecific diameter; (2) by the initial letters of the thread standard (UNR or UN); (3) by the lettersC, F, or numeral 8 to indicate coarse-, fine-, or 8-thread series; and (4) by the thread fit. Thefollowing example illustrates the method of designating a screw thread:
1/2 in. -13 UNRC-2Awhere
1/2 in. = nominal diameter of thread13 = number of threads per inch
UNR = thread form standard (Unified National Radius-Root)C = coarse-thread series
2A = class of thread fit
The coarse-thread series (UNRC or UNC) is used on the vast majority of bolts and nuts.Number of threads per inch ranges from 20 threads for a 1/4-in.- diameter bolt to 4 threads for a4-in.-diameter bolt. The fine-thread series (UNRF or UNF) is found mostly in automotive andaeronautical work. Threads per inch range from 28 threads for a 1/4-in.-diameter bolt to 12threads for a 1-1/2-in.-diameter bolt. There is no fine-thread standard for fasteners over 1-1/2 in.
The 8-thread series (8UNR or 8UN) is used only for sizes over 1 in. in diameter, usually in high-temperature, high pressure service.
cLasses OF tHread FIt
cut Vs. rOLLed tHreads
tHread FOrMs
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PRODUCT CATALOG 2009/10
STANDARD STAINLESS STEEL SPECIFICATIONS
Type 301: Cr. 18, Ni. 8 (18-8 type), austenitic, hardenable by cold work only; t.s., 80-270,000 psi: y.s. 30-240,000 psi.; elongation in 2 in., 40-5%. In rods, bars, billets, wire, sheet, plate, strip and tubing. For parts requiring good corrosion resistance combined with high tensile strength and good ductility.
Type 302: Cr. 18, Ni. 8 (18-8 type), austenitic, hardenable by cold work only; t.s. 80-250,000 psi.; y.s. 30-225,000 psi.; elongation in 2 in., 60-5%; fair machinability excellent cold forming and welding properties. Furnished in sheet, strip, plate, bar, rod, forging billets and tube rounds, tubing, cold drawn shapes and structural shapes. For parts in acid han-dling food and dairy equipment; shafting, bearing plates, heat exchanger tubes, hydraulic tubing, piston rods, plungers, etc.
Type 303: Cr. 18, Ni. 8 (18-8 type), austenitic, hardenable by cold work only; t.s., 80-200,000 psi.; y.s. 30-135,000 psi.; elong. in 2 in. 55-10%; good machinability; fair cold forming and welding properties. In sheet, strip, plate, bar, rod, forging billets, tube rounds, tubing, cold drawn and structural shapes. For working parts in pumps and valves which must resist corrosion; screw machine parts requiring strength, good corrosion resistance.
Type 304: Cr. 18, Ni. 8 (18-8 type), austenitic, hardenable by cold work only; t.s., 85-250,00 psi; y.s., 30-225,000 psi; elongation in 2 in. 60-5%; slightly better corrosion resistance than Type 302. Furnished in rods, bars, billets, wire, sheet, plate strip, tubing and castings. For parts in chemical equipment such as shafting, bearing plates, heat exchanger tubes, etc.
Type 309: Cr. 25, Ni. 12 (25-12 type), austenitic, hardenable by cold work only; t.s., 95-190,000 psi.; y.s. 45-165,000 psi.; elong. in 2 inches, 50-5%; resists scaling to 2000°F, fair machinability, good cold C forming properties, excellent weldability. Furnished in sheet, strip, plate, bar, rod, forging billets, tube rounds, tubing, cold drawn shapes and structural shapes. For parts that must operate continuously at high temperatures; oil burner parts, furnace parts, heat exchangers, air heat-ers, baffle plates, etc.
Type 310: Cr. 25, Ni. 20 (25-20 type), austenitic, hardenable by cold work only; t.s., annealed, 70-155,000 psi.; elong. in 2 in., 55-5% good weld-ability, drawing, stamping properties; fair machinability. In sheet, strip, plate, bar, rod, forging billet, tube rounds, tubing, cold drawn, structural shapes. For parts subject to intermittent heating and cooling; oil burner parts, heat exchangers; dye house, paper mill, chemical equipment.
Type 316: Cr. 18, Ni. 12, No. 3 (18-12-3 type), austenitic, hardenable by cold work only; t.s., 80-170,000 psi; y.s., 35-150,000 psi; elong. in 2 in., 55-5% fair machinability; excellent welding, cold forming proper-ties. Best creep strength at high temp. and best corrosion resistance of all grades. In sheet, strip, plate, bar, rod, forging billets, tube rounds, tubing, cold drawn and structural shapes.
Type 321: Cr. 18, Ni. 8, Ti. 4 x C min.; austenitic hardenable by cold work only; t.s., 80-170,000 psi.; y.s., 30-145,000 psi.; elong. in 2 in., 55-5%; fair machinability, excellent welding and cold forming proper-ties. In sheet, strip, plate, bar, rod, forging billets, tube rounds, tubing, cold drawn shapes, structural shapes. For welded parts not annealed after welding or which operate at 800-1200°F; aircraft engine exhaust rings, flanges, etc.
Type 347: Cr. 8, Ni. 18, Cr. 8 x C min.; austenitic, hardenable by cold work only; t.s. 80-170,000 psi.; y.s., 30-150,000 psi.; elong. in 2 in. 50-5%; fair machinability, excellent welding and cold forming proper-ties. In sheet, strip, plate, bar, rod, forging billets, tube rounds, tubing cold drawn and structural shapes. For welded parts not annealed after welding or which operate at 800-1200°F; aircraft engine exhaust rings, flanges, etc.
Type 410: Cr. 12 (straight chromium type), hardenable by heat treatment; t.s., 60-180,000 psi: y.s.30-160,000 psi.; elong. in 2 in., 30-15%, good machinability, cold forming properties; good welding properties when annealed; most popular forging grade. In sheet, strip, plate, bar, rod, forging billets, tube rounds, tubing, cold drawn and structural shapes. Used where corrosion not severe, for bolts, nuts, shafting turbine blad-ing, valve trim, heat treated parts; where hardness, toughness, desired.
Type 416: Cr. 12 (straight chromium type with sulphur or selenium added); excellent machinability; t.s., 70-170,000 psi; y.s., 4-140,000 psi; elong. in 2 in. 30-10%; fair cold forming properties, fair corrosion resistance. In bar, rod, forging billets, wire, cold drawn shapes. For mass production machined parts; Carburetor, instrument and electrical parts; screw machine parts.
Type 420: Cr. 13, C. 35; a widely used stainless cutlery steel. In the hardened and tempered condition, it combines an adequate hardness and cutting edge with good flexibility. It retains a bright polished finish and can be hardened io Rockwell C55. Maximum corrosion resistance is obtained in the hardened condition.
Type 420F: Cr. 13, C.35; free machining; has sulphur intentionally added to the base Type 420 analysis to make it easier to machine, grind and polish. Type 420°F has practically the same mechanical hardness, and corrosion resisting properties as Type 420.
Type 430: Cr. 17 (straight chromium type), non-hardenable by heat treatment; resists scaling to 1500°F; excellent cold heading properties, excellent machinability; does not discolor in atmosphere. t.s., 60-85,000 psi.: y.s. 35-55,000 psi.; elongation in 2 in. 35-20%. Furnished in sheet, strip, plate, bar, rod, forging billets, tube rounds, tubing, cold drawn shapes and structural shapes. For press plates, oil burner parts, screw machine parts, trim for automobiles such as body moldings, hub caps, finishing washers, gas tank caps, etc.; also trim for appliances.
Type 430F: Cr. 17 with 0.07 S. or Se.; straight chromium free machining type, non-hardenable by heat treatment; t.s., 60-85,000 psi.: 35-55,000 psi.: elong. in 2 in., 25-10% excellent machinability, fair cold forming properties. In forging billets, hot-rolled and cold-finished bars, wire and polished shafting. Particularly suitable for parts requiring considerable machining and only moderate corrosion resistance; screw machine parts.
Type 431: Cr. 16, Ni. 2 (straight chromium type), hardenable by heat treatment: t.s., 110-200,000 psi.; 80-150,000 psi.; elongation in 2 in., 20-15%: good machinability; fair cold forming properties: resists scaling to 1500°F. Best corrosion resistance of all hardenable stainless steels. Furnished in sheet, strip, plate, bar, rod, forging billets, tube rounds, tub-ing, cold drawn shapes, structural shapes. For parts requiring excellent physical properties coupled with high corrosion resistance.
Type 440 C and 440 A, B and C: Cr. 17, C 1.00 (straight chromium type) hardenable by heat treatment: t.s., 110-285,000 psi; 60-275,000 psi.: elong. in 2 in., 15-21%; fair machinability., cold forming properties. Types A, B, same analysis except for lower carbon content: less harden-able; Type F, free machining. In sheet, strip, plate, bar, rod, forging billets, tube round tubing, cold drawn and structural shapes; needle, ball check valves; ball bearings, scissors, rules, cutlery, etc.
Types 501 and 502: Type 501, 4/6 Cr. plus Mo. over .10 C. Type 502, 4/6 Cr. plus Mo., over .10 C. maximum. Both types are recommended for use in the petroleum industry. In refinery equipment, particularly where sour crudes are encountered, a life of four to ten times that of mild steel is not uncommon. These alloys are suitable for use at slightly elevated temperatures, and are more resistant to scaling or oxidation that is mild steel. Scaling temperature about 1150° Fahrenheit.
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BRASS
descrIptIOn:Brass, composed nominally of Copper and Zinc, is the most common copper-base alloy. Its uses are myriad since it is relatively inexpensive, is easily worked into any shape or form and possesses strength, toughness and good corrosion resistance.
SILICON BRONZE
descrIptIOn:Silicon Bronze is the generic term used for various types of Copper-Silicon alloys. The most common of these are Everdur, Duronze, Herculoy, PMG Metal and Olympic Bronze. The properties of these trade named alloys are all basically the same with high percentages of Copper and small amounts of Silicon, Manganese or Aluminum added for strength. Lead is also added for free machining qualities where required.
cHaracterIstIcs:Silicon Bronze possesses high tensile strength superior to mild Steel. It has high resistance to corrosive influences such as extreme temperatures, atmospheric conditions, natural and sea water, gases and sewage. It is non-magnetic and has excellent machining and working characteristics.
uses:Pole line hardware, switchgear equipment, sewage disposal, marine applications, water meters, valves and systems, chemical, plumbing and liquid handling equipment, food machinery, petroleum processing and all applications where exposure to the elements is a factor.
STAINLESS STEEL
descrIptIOn:Stainless Steels are broadly defined as Iron alloys containing from 12 to 30% Chromium and from 0 to 20% Nickel. This analysis is further modified by additions of Carbon and other minor elements which contribute specific effects either to control mechanical properties or to improve corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of Stainless Steels is attributed to a surface phenomenon, passivity. When oxygen comes in contact with the surface it forms an invisible film which protects the underlying metal from rusting and corrosion under severe environment.
cHaracterIstIcs:The family of Stainless Steels is divided into three general classifications:“Austenitic” Stainless Steels make up the general group of the 18-8 (or 300) series. They are the Chromium-Nickel type containing upwards of 8% Nickel. They are not hardenable by heat treatment, non-magnetic for practical purposes and offer the greatest degree of corrosion resistance.”Martensitic” Stainless Steels contain from 12 to 20% Chromium. They are magnetic and hardenable. Type 410 and 416, common fastening alloys, are Martensitic Stainless Steels.“Ferritic” alloys are also Chromium Stainless Steel alloys. They are mag-netic and not hardenable by heat treat-ment. Type 430 is an example.
uses:There are almost as many uses for Stainless Steel fastenings as there are problems of corrosion, temperature and strength. Because of its high tensile strength, corrosion resistant qualities and ability to attain a mirror-like finish it is one of the most versatile of all metals. Applications include its use in the petroleum, chemical, food, plumbing, transportation and oil equipment industries to mention just a few. Listed on page 152 are the types of various Stainless Steel alloys which are most frequently used in the manufacture of fastenings.
cHaracterIstIcs:Cold drawn Brass has an even greater tensile strength than mild Carbon Steel. It is both tough and malleable, qualities that make it particularly desirable for fasteners. It is immune to rust with generally high resistance to corrosion. It takes a high, lustrous finish and is non-magnetic.
uses:Fastenings made from Brass and re-lated alloys are widely used in elec-trical communications equipment, builders’ hardware, marine hard-ware, a wide variety of out-of-doors assemblies, uncountable consumer, industrial and scientific products and for general use where a rustproof bolt or screw is required.
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PRODUCT CATALOG 2009/10
Grade 2
Low-carbon bright 1/4 in. to 11/2 in. inclusive, with minimum tensile strength of 74,000 psi in diameters through 3/4 in. and 60,000 psi for diameters over 3/4 in. through 11/2 in.
CAP SCREWSSAE STANDARD J429 - GRADES 2, 5 AND 8
Grade 5
Medium-carbon, heat treated in a carbon controlled atmosphere, 1/4 in. to 11/2 in., inclusive, with minimum tensile strength of 120,000 psi in diameters through 1 in. and 105,000 psi for diameters over 1 in. through 11/2 in. Grade 5 will also meet other specifications such as ASTM A449.
Grade 8
Alloy, heat treated in a carbon controlled atmosphere, 1/4 in. to 1 in., inclusive, with minimum tensile strength of 150,000 psi. Grade 8 will also meet ASTM specification A354 Grade BD.
NOTICE TO FINE THREAD USERS!Grade 2 is not recommended for use with fine threads.
We suggest the use of Grade 5 or better because of superior resistance to stripping during tightening. Grade 2 may be used as an alternate for ASTM A307 Grade A.
K.L. Jack is a quality-focused distributor
supplying the finest fasteners and related
supplies from respected manufacturers.
With an inventory of over 30 million pieces
we have what you need or we’ll find it for you!
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Proof Tensile Grade Specification Material Bolt and Screw Load Strength Marking Size (Inches) psi min. psi SAE-J429 Low or Medium Grade 1 Carbon Steel 1/4 thru 1-1/2 33,000 60,000
ASTM-A307 1/4 thru 4 60,000 SAE-J429 Low or Medium 1/4 thru 3/4 55,000 74,000 Grade-2 Carbon Steel Over 3/4 thru 1-1/2 33,000 60,000 SAE-J429 1/4 thru 1 85,000 120,000 Grade 5 Medium Carbon Steel Over 1 thru 1-1/4 74,000 105,000 Quenched and 1/4 thru 1 85,000 120,000 ASTM-A449 Tempered Over 1 thru 1-1/2 74,000 105,000 Over 1-1/2 thru 3 55,000 90,000 * ASTM-A325 Medium Carbon Steel
* BASIC THREAD LENGTH, LT,is a reference dimension, intended for calculation purposes only, which represents the distance from the extreme end of the screw or bolt to the last complete (full form) thread.
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NUT DIMENSIONS
Nut Size Width Across Flats Heightin Inches F G
1/2 7/8 31/64
5/8 1-1/16 39/64
3/4 1-1/4 47/64
7/8 1-7/16 55/64
1 1-5/8 63/64
1-1/8 1-13/16 1-7/641-1/4 2 1-7/32
1-3/8 2-3/16 1-11/32
1-1/2 2-3/8 1-15/32
RadiusOf Fillet
HIGH-STRENGTH STRUCTURALBOLTS, NUTS AND WASHERS
BOLT DIMENSIONAL STANDARDS ANSI B18.2.1
E F G H R LT Y (Ref) (Ref)
RunoutNominal T ransi- ofSize of tion BearingBasic Thread Thread Surface
Bolt Dia. Length Length FIRMax Min Basic Max Min Max Min Basic Max Min Max Min Basic Max Max
Developed to satisfy engineering requirements in the majority of industrial application in all fields of manufacturing, maintenance and repair. The O.D., I.D. and thickness specifications were de-veloped to meet the optimum of applications.
All listed sizes areavailable in plain and zinc plated.
FlAT WASHErS
s.A.e.
Specifications for S.A.E. washers were developed and specified by the Society of Automotive Engi-neers to meet the requirements in most of the ap-plications in its field. They are smaller O.D. and thinner gauges than their counterpart bolt sizes of U.S. Standard washers.
Bolt Outside Inside Size diameter diameter Thickness In. In. In.
• For bar sizes over 3-1/2 in. to 4 in., inclusive, the carbon content may be 0.50 pct max+ Any alloy steel capable of meeting the tensile requirements of Specification A354 may be used
Min. Tensile Yield gation tiontempering strength point in 2 in. of area
Grade Diameter, in. temp F min psi min psi min pct min pct
A354 Grade BC 2-1/2 and under 850 125,000 109,000 16 50Over 2-1/2 to 4 incl 850 115,000 99,000 16 45
A354 Grade BD 1-1/2 and under 850 150,000 125,000 14 35A193 Grade B7 2-1/2 and under 1100 125,000 105,000 16 50Chromium Over 2-1/2 to 4 incl 1100 115,000 95,000 16 50Molybdenum Over 4 to 7 incl 1100 100,000 75,000 18 50
A193 Grade B16 2-1/2 and underChromium Over 2-1/2 to 4 incl 1200 125,000 105,000 18 50Molybdenum Over 4 to 7 incl 1200 110,000 95,000 17 45
5461000,58000,0010021muidanaVA320 Grade L7 2-1/2 and under — 125,000 105,000 16 50ChromiumMolybdenum
A320 Grade L43 4 and under — 125,000 105,000 16 50NickelChromiumMolybdenum
Commonly used are the followinggrades of heat-treated alloy steel forhigh-pressure or extremetemperature service in diameters of1/2 in. to 2 in., inclusive. Othergrades and other diameters areavailable on special order.ASTM A354 - Grades BC and BD
Heat treated alloy steels forapplications at normalatmospheric temperatures wherehigh strength is required.
ASTM A193 - Grade B16A heat treated chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steelwidely used for high-temperatureservice.
ASTM A320 - Grade L7This grade is intended for low-temperature service down tominus 150° F and has a minimumCharpy impact value of 15 ft-lb atthis temperature. Sizes 2-1/2 in.and under.
ASTM A320 - Grade L43The same properties offered byGrade L7 in sizes up to 2-1/2in. are obtainable up to 4 in. inGrade L43.
Heat-treated alloy steel bolts andthreaded bars are also available inthe grades listed above - bolts indiameters of 3/8 in. to 1-1/4 in.,inclusive; bars in diameters of 1/2in. to 2 in., inclusive.These are available only onspecial order.
HEAT-TrEATED AlloY STUDS, bolTS AND THrEADED bArS
Commonly used are the following grades of heat-treated alloy steel for high-pressure or extreme temperature service in diameters of 1/2 in. to 2 in., inclusive. Other grades and other diameters are available on special order.
ASTM A354 - Grades BC and BdHeat treated alloy steels for applications at normal atmospheric temperatures where high strength is required.
ASTM A193 - Grade B7A heat treated chromium-molybdenum steel widely used for medium high-temperature service.
ASTM A193 - Grade B16A heat treated chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steel widely used for high-temperature service.
ASTM A320 - Grade L7This grade is intended for low-temperature service down to minus 150° F and has a minimum Charpy impact value of 15 ft-lb at this temperature. Sizes 2-1/2 in. and under.
ASTM A320 - Grade L43The same properties offered by Grade L7 in sizes up to 2-1/2 in. are obtainable up to 4 in. in Grade L43.
Heat-treated alloy steel bolts and threaded bars are also available
in the grades listed above.
Bolts in diameters of 3/8 in. to 1-1/4 in., inclusive;
bars in diameters of 1/2 in. to 2 in., inclusive.
These are available only on special order.
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Fasteners
PRODUCT CATALOG 2009/10
HEX HEADlAG ScrEWS
GIMLET POINT
60° APPROX.
H
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F 30° +0°-15°
O
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45° MAX
HP
Corner nominal Body Head Head Square Square radius Size or diameter diameter Height Width depth on Fillet Basic Bolt Square radius diameter e A H O P Q r Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Max. 3/16 0.1900 0.199 0.182 0.469 0.438 0.114 0.094 0.199 0.185 0.125 0.094 0.031 0.031 1/4 0.2500 0.260 0.237 0.594 0.563 0.145 0.125 0.260 0.245 0.156 0.125 0.031 0.031 5/16 0.3125 0.324 0.298 0.719 0.688 0.176 0.156 0.324 0.307 0.187 0.156 0.031 0.031 3/8 0.3750 0.388 0.360 0.844 0.782 0.208 0.188 0.388 0.368 0.219 0.188 0.047 0.031
(Mechanical Properties)The ASTM F1554 specification was introduced in 1994 and covers anchor bolts designed to anchor structural supports to concrete foundations. F1554 anchor bolts can take the form of either headed bolts, straight rods, or bent anchor bolts. The
three grades 36, 55 and 105 designate the minimum yield strength (ksi) of the anchor bolt. The bolts can either be cut
or roll threaded and a weldable grade 55 can be substituted for grade 36 at the supplier’s option. Color coding on the end 36 blue, 55 yellow and 105 red - helps facilitate easy
indentification in the field. Permanent manufacturer and grade marking is allowed under the supplementary requirements.
ISO METRIC AND UNIFIED THREAD DESIGNATIONSISO Metric screw threads are designated by basic diameter and thread pitch. As an example, M 8 x 1 is a standard
ISO Metric screw thread having a basic diameter of 8 millimeters and a thread pitch of 1 millimeter. To convert an ISOMetric screw thread designation to a Unified (American) designation divide the basic diameter by 25.4 and multiply the reciprocal
of the pitch by 25.4 to determine nominal size in inches and threads per inch. By so doing, M 8 x 1 becomes 0.315-25.4 UNS.Unified screw threads are designated by nominal size and number of threads per inch. As an example, 3/4 - 10 UNC is a standard
Unified screw thread having a nominal size of 3/4 inches and 10 threads per inch. To convert a Unified screw thread designation to anISO Metric screw thread designation multiply nominal size by 25.4 and multiply the reciprocal of threads per inch by 25.4 to determine
basic diameter in millimeters and pitch in millimeters. By so doing, 3/4 - 10 UNC converted to ISO Metric becomes M 19.05 x 2.54.
MEtRiC CONVERSiON GUiDE
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TAPTHEOR.
NOM. TAP DECIMAL % OFSIZE T.P.I. DRILL EQUIV. THREAD
0 80 56 .0465 833/64 .0469 81
1 64 54 .0550 8953 .0595 67
1 72 53 .0595 751/16 .0625 58
2 56 51 .0670 8250 .0700 6949 .0730 56
2 64 50 .0700 7949 .0730 64
3 48 5/64 .0781 7747 .0785 7646 .0810 67
3 56 46 .0810 7845 .0820 7344 .0860 56
4 40 43 .0890 7142 .0935 57
4 48 42 .0935 683/32 .0938 68
5 40 39 .0995 7938 .1015 72
5 44 38 .1015 7937 .1040 71
6 32 36 .1065 787/64 .1094 7035 .1100 69
6 40 33 .1130 7732 .1160 68
8 32 29 .1360 6928 .1405 58
8 36 29 .1360 7828 .1405 68
9/64 .1406 6810 24 25 .1495 75
24 .1520 7023 .1540 67
10 32 22 .1570 8121 .1590 7620 .1610 71
12 24 17 .1730 7916 .1770 7215 .1800 67
12 28 15 .1800 7814 .1820 7313 .1850 67
1/4 20 7 .2010 7513/64 .2031 72
6 .2040 715 .2055 69
1/4 24 4 .2090 76
TAPTHEOR.
NOM. TAP DECIMAL % OFSIZE T.P.I. DRILL EQUIV. THREAD