Fast-tracking CCS Commercialisation through Modelling and Simulation Eni Oko and Meihong Wang Process and Energy Systems Research Group, School of Engineering University of Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom IChemE Hull and Humber Event: Summer Social and CCS Technical Talk July 29, 2015, Minerva Hotel Hull
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Fast-tracking CCS Commercialisation through Modelling and Simulation
Description of some of the challenges facing carbon capture and storage (CCS) development which can be addressed through modelling and simulation.
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Fast-tracking CCS Commercialisation through Modelling and Simulation
Eni Oko and Meihong Wang Process and Energy Systems Research Group, School of Engineering University of Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
IChemE Hull and Humber Event: Summer Social and CCS Technical TalkJuly 29, 2015, Minerva Hotel Hull
Process and Energy Systems Research
Prof Meihong WangGroup Leader
3 Research staff, 9 PhDs and academic visitors
Research area: Power plant, CO2 capture and transport processes, Bio-energy, Energy storage
Collaborators: Industry >> COSTAIN, Alstom, CCS Ltd etc. Academia >> Imperial College, Newcastle, Sheffield, Tsinghua (China), Valenciennes (France) etc.
Funding: EPSRC, DECC, EU Marie Curie etc
Outline
Background
Status of commercial CCS projects
Challenges facing CCS commercialization
Solvent screening
Process configuration for PCC
Retrofitting PCC to power plant
Steady state/Dynamic simulations
Conclusion
1. Background
1.1 Climate change
Greenhouse gases (76% CO2)
Average temperature rise more than 2oC = disaster!
800 ppm by 2100 >>>>> Average global temperature rise of 4oC
Global averages of surface warming (relative to 1980-1999)1
Concentration of atmospheric CO2 (ppm)2
1.2 Consequences
1.3 Mind-boggling CO2 stat
CO2 is mostly from power generation sector
500 MWe Coal-fired subcritical power plant emits about 10000 tons of CO2/day
Similar size CCGT power plant emits about 4000 tons of CO2/day
Thousands of coal-fired and gas-fired power plants in operation globally
Concentration of atmospheric CO2 (ppm)3
UK Grid watch4
1.4 Cap CO2 emission: Options
CO2 emission to be halved by 2050
CCS offers economic and realistic option for CERT by 2050
CO2 emission reduction will cost more without CCS (up to 70%)
IEA BLUE Map Scenario5
1.2 Options for CCS
Post-combustion CO2 (PCC) is the most matured CCS technology route
Retrofit capability
Relies on established technologies
High technology readiness level (TRL)
Most first generation CCS projects based on PCC
2. Status of commercial CCS projects
2.1 Existing/Planned CCS ProjectsBoundary Dam CCS, Canada, (2014)
Kemper County CCS, Mississippi (2015)
ROAD CCS, Netherland (2017)
Petra Nova CCS, Texas (2016)
Peterhead CCS, Scotland (2017)
White Rose CCS, (2017)
For more on CCS projects, refer to MIT CCS Database5
3. Challenges facing CCS commercial projects
Kemper County
Petra Nova
HECA TCEP Boundary Dam
Bow City ROAD0
1
2
3
4
5
6 5.6
1.0
4.0
1.71.4
2.9
1.6
Total Cost ($ Billion)
Kemper County
Petra Nova HECA TCEP Boundary Dam
Bow City ROAD0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Power Output (MWe)
3.1 Challenges Ridiculous cost/MWe generated
SaskPower (Boundary Dam) convinced to cut cost by 20-30% in future projects
Boundary Dam competitive with CCGT with revenues from sales of CO2,
sulphuric acid and fly ash Energy penalty >>> Build more plants!
3.1 Challenges Pipeline route corridor
Nearness of sites to densely populated area
Storage site In Salah, Algeria project (2004-11) Onshore storage ban (Netherland, 2010)
3.1 Challenges
Government policies
Carbon price under the EU ETS (€/tCO2)
Technological uncertainty
Many stakeholders with varying interests
European Emission Allowance (EUA) – EEX6
Nuon Magnum CCS, NetherlandSuspended due to new law on onshore storage
Longannet CCS, ScotlandCancelled due to lack of commercial viability
Tenaska (Trailblazer) CCS, Texas Cancelled due to lack of commercial viability
AEP Mountaineer CCS Phase II, Texas Cancelled due to unknown climate policy
3.2 Cancelled/Suspended CCS projects
GETICA Demo CCS, Romania Suspended due to lack of funding
Porto Telle CCS, Italy Suspended due to legislative and permitting issues