1 Fast Charging Li-Ion Battery Market Review 2017 July 2017 Samuel De-Leon [email protected] www.sdle.co.il
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Fast Charging Li-Ion Battery Market Review 2017
July 2017
Samuel De-Leon
www.sdle.co.il
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The Need For an Higher Battery Energy & Power Density is
High!!! We need a
longer run
time!!!
Li-Ion Cells Energy Density Progress is in a Small Steps
1991 - Sony 18650 Li-Ion cell, 700mAh, 90 Wh/kg
2017 - Sony US18650VC7, 3530mAh, 264 Wh/kg
Sony US18650VC7
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What is a Fast Charging?
Slow Charge Quick
Charge
Fast Charge Ultra Fast
Charge
<C/3 C/3<, <2C 2C<, <10C >10C
Empty to 80% of max battery capacity within 5 min
(more than 10C Rate)
Fast Slow
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Challenges for Fast Charging
• Ability of the batteries to accept fast charging
• Battery Safety
• Gris power delivery limitations
• Battery and Charger thermal management
• Battery and charger cost
• Charging efficiency rate
• Charger size and weight
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How Fast Charging Fill the Gap?
Samsung Galaxy S7 with 3000mAh Battery
Talk time 22 hours
How long do we need to wait before we will
have a full 22 hours talk time?
Customers want at least 25% full battery
charge during a coffee break
Slow
Charge
Quick
Charge
Fast
Charge
Charging rate C/3 2C 10C
Time for a full
charge
3-6
Hours
30 min to
1 hour
5 min
to 20
min * 31 days a month, 744 hours a month
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Fast Charging an EV the Same as Refueling a Car
Both will take 5 min for a full tank or fully charge battery
Many EV owner have no over night charger
Number of charging stations can be reduce dramatically
Vehicles can have a smaller battery with a frequent
charges
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Fast Charging & EV Driving Range
Tesla S with 75-90kWh Battery
Driving range on full charge ~ 270 Miles
How much daily drive mileage will improve
in a different charging rates?
Slow Charge Quick
Charge
Fast Charge
Charging
rate
C/3 2C 10C
Daily drive
Mileage
810 miles 1350 miles 1620 miles
* Driving time at 75 mph without the time needed for charging during the day
while we start with a fully charge battery
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Fast Charging Coming Soon – Need New Battery Technology to
Accept Fast Charge
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What is the Problem With Fast Charging Li-ion Batteries?
1. Lithium Graphite Anode accepts the lithium ions at a
slow rate although the Cathode can transfer them at a
faster rate.
2. During fast charging the cell faces deposition of lithium
metal in the form of dendrites or as a high surface area
film over the Anode.
3. That Leads to very fast capacity degradation and
increase of internal impedance and also to safety
problems like internal short circuit ,explosions, fires
and leaks.
Fast discharge is easy like going down stairs.
Fast charge is difficult like climbing stairs.
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Rechargeable Li-Ion Chemistries that can be Fast Charged
1. Lithium Titanate (LTO) – Fast Anode kinetics. Anode
voltage is far from the voltage needed to deposit metallic
lithium, thus smaller probability for metallic lithium
deposition over the anode – But low energy density.
2. Lithium Iron Phosphate (LPF) – Nano Materials lower
voltage cells – But Low energy density and faster self
discharge.
Lithium Titanate Battery Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinel Cathode - LMO
Lithium Titanate Oxide Anode or Iron Phosphate – LTO, LFP
Advantages Disadvantages
Very Long Cycle Life Low cell voltage 1.9-2.4v
High charge/discharge rates Lower energy than carbon
anodes
Very temperature tolerant Higher cost per Kwh
High safety
Public domain technology
The main players:
Toshiba, Enerdel, Leclanche, ATL,
Kokam
Toshiba Lithium Titanate Rechargeable Battery - SCiB
Recharges to 90% of full capacity in less than 5 minutes.
Excellent safety because of high level anode stability.
6000 cycles of full D.O.D. to 90% of initial capacity.
Low temperature discharge from -30C.
Available on the Schwinn Tailwind E-Bike and EV projects
with VW, Mitsubishi and Honda.
2.4Voc/ 4.2Ah 65 Wh/Kg 131 wh/l 650 W/Kg 1316 W/l VW &
Toshiba
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A123 Nano Phosphate Lithium Rechargeable Batteries
Cylindrical and soft package cells High power density 3000 W/Kg ( up to 100C) 15-minute charge time possible on some models
(18700, 26650). Safer technology 3.3V working voltage and lower energy density Excellent cycle life - Thousands of cycles
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Battrion
http://www.battrion.com/
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Storedot
https://www.store-dot.com/
• New synthesis anode with an organic nano materials of
non biological origin
• Special cathodes and electrolytes
• Separator coating
• Company completed battery generation 1 R&D and
starting production
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Enevate
http://www.enevate.com/
• New silicon-dominant li-ion anode (>70%) , special
separator, material coating
• 300Wh/kg reached
• Safe technology – No lithium metal plating
• Work up to -40 Deg C
• The company license the technology but also have a pilot
production line and can deliver cells
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Zapgo
https://www.zapgo.com/
• Carbon-Ion cells (not Li-Ion)
• Nano carbon supercapacitors contain graphene 12Wh/kg
• Safe technology – No lithium metal plating
• In a prototype stage
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Toyota
• Toyota is working on Li-Ion solid electrolyte batteries for
a long time
• Solid-state batteries with twice the range of today’s EVs,
while charging only in minutes.
• Commercialization plan for 2020
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Summary
• There is an high demand for battery Energy and Power
density break through
• As the progress is slow – Fast Charging will fill the gap
• Current batteries are not sufficient for fast charging
• New technologies are under R&D – We found 12
companies to develop fast charging technology (Desribed
in our paid market report)
• We expect to have new battery technologies to support
fast charging in mass production within the next 5 years
Shmuel De-Leon Shmuel De-Leon Energy Ltd
www.sdle.co.il [email protected]
Information for presentation obtained by:
1. Public web sources.
2. Shmuel De-Leon Battery/Energy Sources DataBase ® (Includes 30000 cell PDF data sheets ) http://www.sdle.co.il/Default.asp?sType=0&PageId=45580
3. Shmuel De-Leon Energy Fast Charging Li-Ion battery Market Reports