Fascinating Validation of Suśruta‐Saṃhitā Sanket Kulkarni & Nilesh Oak
Fascinating Validation of Suśruta‐SaṃhitāSanket Kulkarni & Nilesh Oak
1794 CE
The Gentleman's Magazine, October 1794.vol. 64 pp. 891‐92 and plate I (at p. 883)
1804 CE
‘Degli Innesti Animali’ (1804) plate I (at p. 34)by Giuseppe Baronio
1816 CE
‘Two Successful Operations for Restoring a Lost Nose’ (1816) Fig 1 (at p. 89) by J C Carpue
1818 CE
‘Rhinoplastik ’ (1818) plate 5 (at p. 16)by Carl Ferdinand von Graefe
1845 CE
‘Die Plastischen Chirurgie ’ (1845) plate VII (at p. 68) by Hermann Eduard Fritze & Georg Friedrich Otto Reich
1890 CE
Translated byAugustus Frederic Rudolf Hoernlé
Part I opens with a flowery description of the Himalayas, etc. mentioned by name are the following sages: Ātreya, Hārīta, Parāśara, Bhela, Garga, Śāmbavya, Suśruta, Vasiṣṭha, Karāla, and Kāpya
Sir Hamilton St Clair Bower
Suśruta Saṃhitā, Khanda 1 (Sūtrasthāna) Adhyāya 16:27‐31
1895 CE
The British Medical Journal – 1 June 1895
“To criticize the subject matter of this work in detail would be labour wasted. Its interest is rather antiquarian than scientific.”
“…but a collection of complex farragoes prescribed according to a fanciful and erroneous pathology is practically useless.”
JC Carpue’s fact‐finding about the rhinoplasty
“… I did myself the honour to write to Sir Charles Malet, who had resided many years in India who obligingly confirmed to me the report that this had been the common operation in India, from time immemorial…
…Mr. Lucas, an English surgeon, was, in several instances, successful in the operation, which he copied from the Hindoo practitioners…”
‐ J C Carpue in his book ‘Two Successful Operations for Restoring a Lost Nose’ pp. 40
21st century CE
Mahabharata 5561 BCE
0 CE/BCE
3000 BCE
500 BCE
Sage Sushruta ‐ 600 BCE?
Suśruta‐Samhitā Suśruta
2000 BCE
4000 BCE
500 CEHoernle (1907)
Hoernle – revised (2018)
Sage Sushruta 3000 BCE?
Lunar month of Bhadrapada at Summer solstice ~ 4000 BCEKartika & Margashirsha as months of Sharad season ~ 3000 BCE
5000 BCE – 2000 BCE
इह तु वषार् शरद्धेम त वस त ग्री मप्रावषृः ष तवो भवि त।दोषोपचयप्रकोपोपशमिनिम तं ते तु भाद्रपदा येन वीमािसकेनयाख्याताः।त यथा भाद्रपदा वयुजौ वषार् काित र्कमागर्षीश शरत ्पौषमाघौ हेम तःफा गुनचैत्रौ वस तः वैशाख ये ठौ ग्री मः अषाढ़ ावनौ प्राविृडित।१०।
Sushruta‐Samhita, Khanda 1, Adhyaya 6:10, 31‐34
Sushruta6th Millennium BCE or Before
Divodasa
Divodasa‐Atmaja
Sushruta
Sushruta
Vishwamitra
Devarata
Madhucchanda
Sushruta‐Samhita(Adhyaya 1:3, 10, 12)
5000 BCE – 2000 BCE
Mahabharata(Anushasan 4:49‐59)
5561 BCE
Garuda Purana(Adhyaya 139:8‐11)
Not dated
21st century CE
Mahabharata 5561 BCE
0 CE/BCE
3000 BCE
500 BCE
Sushruta – on or before 6th millennium BCE
Suśruta‐SamhitāSuśruta
2000 BCE
4000 BCE
500 CE
Kulkarni & Oak (2018)
Hoernle – revised (2018)
Hoernle (1907)
Internal evidence of Susruhta‐samhita
21st century CE
Antiquity
Now DAM‐IT 2000 BCE/1200 BCE
Mahabharata 5561 BCE
Ramayana 12209 BCE
~22,000 BCE
~70000 BCE
Rigvedatime
time
Grand Sarasvati
End of Grand Sarasvati
Yamuna splits from Sarasvati~50,000 BCE
5000 BCE – 2000 BCEEpoch of Veda‐shakha pravachan
Shutudri begins flowing westward ~13,000 BCE
Grand Sindhu
6,3,7
4,2
589
10
1
Now Discredited Aryan Migration Invasion Theory
1000+ empirical, objectively testable evidence – 12+ disciplines of hard sciences
Internal evidence of Sushruta‐Samhita
Indian editions by Subbu PublicationsWhatsApp +91 99865 71637 & please be patient(Ship to address must be India address)
Rupees 299
Rupees 349
Rupees 349
Thank you
Questions? Objections?
TODAY
0‐5K
‐10K
‐15K
‐20K
5561 BCEMahabhara
ta
12209 BCE
Ramayana
70,000 BCE Grand Sarasvati
22,000 BCE End of Grand Sarasvati50,000 BCE Yamuna splits
from Sarasvati
13,000 BCE Shutudri flows westward
Grand SindhuEpoch of Veda‐Shaka‐PravachanAryan
Invasion/Migration*
*discredited
6, 3, 7
4, 2
5, 8, 9 10
1
22,000+ BCE through 6th millennium BCERigveda
2000 BCE End of river Sarasvati
Foundations of Vedic civilization (Time ‐ Kala)
śatapatha Brāhamana mentions 17
bones of Breast (Suśurta)
śatapatha Brāhamana
Therefore
śatapatha Brāhamana from
~500 BCE
Studies in the medicine of ancient India by A F Rudolf Hoernle (1907) Page 106‐109
Ajātashatru was contemporary of
Buddha
Buddha is assumed to be from ~500 BCE
Suśruta saṃhitā appears to be from around ~500 BCE
Dating of Suśruta-Samhita By
A F Rudolf Hoernle
Composed by Yajnavalkya Who was in the court of Janaka
Janaka was contemporary of
Ajātashatru
śatapatha Brāhamana was familiar with
Suśruta
Mahābhārata Anuśāsana (CE 4:49-58, GP 50-59) Garuda Purāṇa 139:8-11
Suśruta saṃhitā Khanda 1, Adhyāya 1:2, 10,12
Suśruta saṃhitā Adhyāya 1
Suśruta saṃhitā Adhyāya 1
मधु छ द च भगवा देवरात च वीयर्वान ्|अक्षीण च शकु त च बभ्रुः कालपथ तथा||४९||
याज्ञव क्य च िवख्यात तथा थूणो महा तः |उलूको यमदतू च तथिषर्ः सै धवायनः ||५०||
कणर्जङ्घ च भगवा गालव च महानिृषः |ऋिषवर्ज्र तथाख्यातः शालङ्कायन एव च||५१||
लाला यो नारद चैव तथा कूचर्मुखः मतृः |वादिुलमुर्सल चैव रक्षोग्रीव तथैव च ||५२||
अङ्िघ्रको नकैभृ चैव िशलायपूः िसतः शिुचः |चक्रको मा त त यो वातघ्नोऽथा वलायनः||५३||
यामायनोऽथ गाग्यर् च जाबािलः सु ुत तथा |कारीिषरथ सं ु यः परपौरवत तवः ||५४||
आरािद्धनार्मय चैव चा पेयो जयनौ तथा |नवत तबुर्कनखः शयोनरितरेव च ||५७||
शयो ह चा म यः िशरीषी चाथ गादर्िभः |उ जयोिनरदापेक्षी नारदी च महानिृषः ||५८||
िव वािमत्रा मजाः सव मुनयो ब्र मवािदनः||५८||
महानिृष च किपल तथिषर् तारकायनः |तथैव चोपगहन तथिषर् चाजुर्नायनः ||५५||
मागर्िमित्रिहर्र याक्षो जङ्घािरबर्भ्रुवाहनः |सूितिवर्भूितः सूत च सुरङ्ग च तथैव िह||५६||
Mahabharata Anushasana CE 4:49‐58, GP 50‐59
21st century CE
Mahabharata 5561 BCE
0 CE/BCE
3000 BCE
500 BCE
Hoernle – revised (2018)
Suśruta‐Samhitā Suśruta
2000 BCE
4000 BCE
500 CEHoernle (1907)
Sage Sushruta 3000 BCE?
Sage Sushruta ‐ 600 BCE?
References• Studies in the medicine of ancient India by A F Rudolf
Hoernle (1907) Page 106-109• When did the Mahabhārāta war happen? The Mystery of
Arundhati, Oak, Danphe (2011)• The Historic Rāma (2014)• The History of Indian astronomy, S B Dikshit (1900)• The Mahābhārata text.
theory
inference/prediction objective testing
evidence
logic of
scientific method
background knowledge5
2
4
1
3
pramāna
pratyakshaanumāna
agama
Chronology of Suśruta & Suśruta saṃhitā
1. Gupta Brahmi script – BCE vs CE, Definitely the bower manuscript is after this time
2. Shatapatha Brahmana & Suśruta saṃhitā (whether the comparison is valid or not), Hoernle would have assigned it to ~3000 BCE (based on the evidence for Shatapatha Brahmana, today)
3. Suśruta and his genealogy is mentioned in Suśruta saṃhitā (briefly), Garuda Purāna and Mahābhārata. Connecting the three, it takes us to (the timing of Suśruta contemporary to or before the Mahabharata and thus around or before 5561 BCE