Farmers, Fishers, and Facility Keepers Life on the Boston Harbor Islands
Mar 19, 2016
Farmers, Fishers, and Facility Keepers
Life on the Boston Harbor Islands
Archeological evidence shows that Native Americans lived on
and used the Boston Harbor Islands for at least 8000 years
These First People came to the harbor islands to:
•Fish
•Plant crops of corn, beans, and squash
•Gather plants for food and medicine
•Hunt for animals and fowl
•Make Tools
•Social and Ceremonial Activities
Throughout the 17th Century, Europeans began to explore the Boston Harbor
The Native Americans way of life did not fit with the American Colonist way of life
In 1675 a war between the American colonists and the Native Americans broke out
This war became known as the King Phillips war and resulted in the death and enslavement of many
Native Americans
During the King Phillips War, Native Americans friendly to the colonists were forced into shackles
and moved to the Boston Harbor Islands with very little food, water, clothing, and shelter
When the European Colonists began to make the Boston area their home they used the islands to graze livestock, grow hay, hunt, and fish… In much the same way the Native Americans had.
However, over time the number of colonists grew and their use of the islands began to change…
Boston Harbor became an important commercial port, more ships began to bring goods and people into the area.
With all this new activity the islands began to play an important role in the safety of
Boston, as a place for…
Forts to protect the city and shipsAids to Navigation
(Lighthouses)Lifesaving stations
Boston Light Station is completed in 1716, becoming the first Light Station in America
George Worthylake, and his family, move to Little Brewster Island to become the first Light Keeper of
Boston Light
As Boston grew and the population increased the islands were used to house quarantine hospitals for immigrants and
people with incurable diseases.
Gallops Island Doctors Quarters
Rainsford Island mid 1800s
Bug Light – Great Brewster Spit
Long Island Light
Spectacle Island Range LightsMore ships in Boston Harbor meant an increase in the Light houses of
Boston, and an increase in the number of Light house Keepers.
Keeper’s House at Lovell’s Island Range Lights
Keeper’s House at Spectacle Island Range Lights
In the early 1800s Boston’s Harbor Defenses were updated and increased.
Fort Warren on George’s Island was built from 1833-1850.
Fort Warren was active from the Civil War through World War II
During the Civil War, Fort Warren was home to Union Soldiers and Confederate
Prisoners of War
Once the Civil War Ended Boston Harbor was once again a place for
people to get away from life in the city. During times of peace, hotels were operated on many of the islands.
The Island Inn, Peddocks Island
Different classes and cultures of people made their home on the Boston Harbor Islands
A Farmhouse on Grape Island
Portuguese Fishermen on:
Summer Residents on Middle Brewster and Calf Islands
Great Brewster Islandand Peddocks Island
Beginning in 1898, on the East Head of Peddocks Island, the US Army built a new Coastal Defense
Fort called Fort Andrews
Fort Andrews was to become the social center of military life for all of the Harbor Island Forts, in
addition to military training facilities, gun emplacements, and barracks, Fort Andrews was
home to many dances, baseball games, and a movie theatre.
Only families of the highest ranking Commissioned Officers were allowed to live on the forts of the Boston
Harbor Islands…
Except at Fort Andrews where certain lower ranking Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) were allowed to own
homes inside the fort and live with their families. One of these NCOs was Matilda Silvia’s father, Alex Bies.
Matilda Silvia recorded her life on Peddocks Island in her memoirs,
Once Upon an Island
During this time, Peddocks was not the only island that had year round and
seasonal residents
Another Island that did was Spectacle IslandPeddocks Island
Spectacle Island
In 1857, Spectacle began being used for horse rendering to turn dead horses into
glue… the factory workers and their families lived on the island.
The Horse Rendering plant closed in 1910, but two years later the City of Boston turned Spectacle Island into the city dump. Again the workers
and their families lived on the island…
The dump remained in operation until 1959
On the opposite side of the island from the dump, residents lived in comfort.
In 1937, the Snetind drifted onto the shore of Spectacle Island and became the home of Ms. Ann
Winsor Sherwin and her son
In 1968, the US Coast Guard began fully automating all lighthouses. Fully
automated lighthouses did not need light keepers…
Graves Light
In 1989, as a tribute to light keepers and American maritime history, the US congress
declares that Boston Light will remain “forever manned.” This makes Boston Light the last
manned lighthouse in the country.
Deer Island Light
After WWII many of the Forts in Boston Harbor were decommissioned and sold as
Army surplus. Some, such as Fort Andrews were sold to private developers while others, such as Fort Warren were sold to the State.
With the sale of Fort Warren to the State, Georges Island became the first state
managed island open to the public in 1958.
In the 1970s, the State began to purchase the islands of Boston Harbor for public
use and recreation.The Boston Harbor Islands became a
national park area in 1996.
Year Round and Seasonal Residents remain on Peddocks…
And Park Rangers live on the islands during the summer months…
The forts have all closed, most light keepers have gone, the farmers have left, and the Native
Americans no longer live off the islands…
But life does remain on the Boston Harbor Islands
Boston Light still has a Keeper…Thompson Island Outward Bound employees live on the island…
As Public Land the Boston Harbor Islands are owned by all citizens
What do you think life on the islands will look like when you have kids in middle school?