FARM ENERGY AUDIT REPORT - Controlled … · FARM ENERGY AUDIT REPORT For NYSEG John Zabliski Manager, Agricultural Sales & Marketing 79 Clark St Canandaigua, NY 14424 Phone: (585)

FARM ENERGY AUDIT REPORT

For

NYSEGJohn Zabliski

Manager, Agricultural Sales & Marketing79 Clark St

Canandaigua, NY 14424Phone: (585) 771-2660

Of the

Controlled Environment AgricultureLettuce Growing Facility

Bob LaDue 10 Pinckney RoadIthaca, NY 14850

Phone: (607) 347-6767

Prepared by

DLtech, Inc.Eric L. JohnsonPO Box 3910

Ithaca, NY 14852Phone: 607-266-6401

Fax: 607-266-7037

July 8, 2003

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................5Summary of Energy Purchased & Related Data ..............................6Recommended ECM’S for Growth Chamber ..................................6Recommended ECM’s for Greenhouse ...........................................7Recommended ECM’s for Natural Gas Fired Boiler Operation .......8

ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY USE..................................................9Electrical Energy Use by Equipment Category ...............................9Electrical Use by Area ....................................................................10

PURCHASED ENERGY ANALYSIS ................................................................13Electrical Energy Purchased............................................................13Natural Gas Purchased ...................................................................18Electrical Equipment Inventory ......................................................20Tabulation of Energy Purchased - Electrical & Natural Gas ............22

Appendix A -CEA Greenhouse Monitored Load/Use Data Natural Gas Equipment ........................................................................26

3

TABLE OF TABLES

Table 1. Electric & Natural Gas Costs for CEA Greenhouse…………………………….6

Table 2. Energy Use by Equipment Category………………………………………….. 10

Table 3. Summary Annual Electric Use……………………………………………….. .13

Table 4. Total Connected Loads………………………………………………………...14

Table 5. Summary Annual Gas Use………………………………………………..……18

Table 6. Equipment Inventory: Size and Power………………………………………...20

Table 7. Estimated Energy Use by Equipment Type, monthly………….………………21

Table 8. Electrical Energy Purchased - Jan. 1999 to Jan.2003………………………...22

Table 9. Natural Gas Purchased - Jan. 1999 to Jan. 2003………………………….…..24.

4

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Energy Use by Equipment Category…………………………………………..9

Figure 2. Areas of Energy Use…………………………………………………………...10

Figure 3. Energy Use in Greenhouse ……………………………………………………11

Figure 4. Energy Use in Growth Room …………………………………………………11

Figure 5. HPS Growth Light Chiller Load……………………………………………….12

Figure 6. Walk-In Cooler Load…………………………………………………………..12

Figure 7. CEA Greenhouse Connected Load by Area…………………………………...14

Figure 8. 2002 Monthly Demand Profile………………………………………………...15

Figure 9. 2000 Monthly Demand Profile………………………………………………...15

Figure 10. 1999 Monthly Demand Profile……………………………………………….16

Figure 11. 2002 Monthly On/Off-Peak kWh…………………………………………….17

Figure 12. 2000 Monthly On/Off-Peak kWh…………………………………………….17

Figure 13. Monthly Natural Gas Use 2000-2002………………………………………..18

Figure 14. Monthly Therms per Degree Day 2000-2002………………………………..19

5EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) Greenhouse is a technology demonstration anddeployment facility based on “high value” lettuce growing. The facility is operated by CornellUniversity’s Department of and Biological and Environmental Engineering. Currently Romaine andBoston type lettuce are produced with the potential for 500,000 heads of annual production.

The CEA Greenhouse, located on Pinckney Road, Ithaca, New York, is a hydroponic growing facilitythat can produce up to 1,400 heads of lettuce each day. The CEA Greenhouse consists of an 8,000 sq.ft. glass greenhouse with four hydroponic growing ponds providing 6,400 sq. ft. of growing area. Anadjoining 3,840 sq. ft. head house provides space for the growth room, packing/processing area,walk-in cooler, work and computer management system and a utility room. Housed in the utilityroom are the natural gas boilers, electrical service and distribution equipment and computer controlsystems.

This complex energy intensive facility utilizes a wide array of technologies to produce a fresh,uniform, pesticide-free, HACCP-certified, high quality lettuce crop, independent of outside weatherconditions. This is accomplished using a computer controlled growing system that balances all aspectsof plant growth.

The process begins in the growth room where seeds are started and kept for 11 days continuallyexposed to the light energy emitted by twenty-six, 600 watts of water-cooled High Pressure Sodium(HPS) lamps. The plants are then transferred to hydroponic ponds in the greenhouse where theycomplete their growth cycle after approximately 24 days. All environmental conditions are monitoredand controlled to maximize production.

Electricity and natural gas are the energy sources utilized to produce the optimum environmentalconditions for plant growth. Natural gas is used to satisfy all thermal heating requirements. Electricenergy is responsible for operating an extensive range of equipment to complete growth. Thisincludes HPS supplemental lighting, ventilation, circulating pumps, evaporative cooling, humiditycontrol, shading, nutrient distribution, refrigeration, heat transfer and system supervisory control.

The application of energy conserving technologies in the CEA Greenhouse is uniquely defined by thegrowth requirements of the crop. The distinct energy needs for supplemental lighting and heating;ventilation and nutrient delivery offer a very narrow band of opportunity for energy managementoptions. Although sweeping reductions in energy use cannot be made, there are opportunities to finetune present use through appropriate energy management techniques, changes in control schemes andadoption of energy conserving technologies.

The following Energy Conservation Measures (ECM) are based on analysis of equipment energy useand operating costs within the facility. There may be other management, performance, operational,and maintenance factors that should be considered when evaluating a recommended ECM. Theefficacy for any recommended measure will vary depending upon conditions in the greenhouse andinteractions with other processes present.

6Summary of Energy Purchased and Related Data

Table 1. Electric & Natural Gas Costs for CEA Greenhouse2002 2001 2000 1999

Electric $ 42,175.34 $ 50,010.33 $ 68,085.68 $ 52,892.43 Nat. Gas $ 29,051.19 $ 30,051.86 $ 33,634.27 $ 15,636.64 Total $ 71,226.53 $ 80,062.19 $ 101,719.95 $ 68,529.07 Ave. $/kWh $ 0.0818 $ 0.1015 $ 0.1026 $ 0.1180 Ave, $/Therm $ 1.0053 $ 1.1519 $ 0.8726 $ 0.7539

Energy Costs per Unit of Production 2002 2001 2000 1999Combined Energy Cost per Head Produced $ 0.20 $ 0.22 $ 0.28 $ 0.19 *Electric Energy Cost per Head Produced $ 0.12 $ 0.14 $ 0.19 $ 0.14 *Natural Gas Energy Cost per Head Produced $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.09 $ 0.04 *Theoretical Annual Lettuce Production 500,000 Heads * not at full production

Combined energy costs have shown a gradual decline over the past three years. This decline is alsoevident in the unit cost of energy per head of lettuce produced. On the electric side, annual kWhusage has declined roughly 25% in 2002 and 2001 compared to 2000. The decrease in kWh use isprimarily due to updated control systems and better energy management practices. There has alsobeen a 20% decrease in average kWh cost ($/kWh) from 2000 to 2002.

The distribution of energy costs started out in 1999 to be 77% electricity and 23% natural gas. Thishas evolved in 2002 to 59% electric and 41% natural gas principally caused by reductions in electricuse and cost.

Natural gas energy use has declined 10% in 2002 and 2001 over 2000, due to turning off the boilersduring summer months and a decline in Degree Days during those heating periods. The lessenedheating requirements were able to offset the increases in cost per therm of natural gas.

Recommended ECM’s for Growth Chamber

Installation of a ventilation system for removal of waste heat from the area above the growth room. Athermostatically controlled ventilation system should be installed to reject this waste heat to theexterior during temperate seasons. Exhausting this heat in the summer will also reduce thermal gain tothe growth room that the air conditioning system must remove. When heating is required in the headhouse, this waste heat can be utilized as a supplement.

Waste heat generated by remotely located ballasts for the HPS lights cause excessive temperatures inthis area. These high ambient temperatures will contribute to premature ballast failure and can posean increased combustion hazard. A potential heat gain in this area of 7,900 Btu per hr. is estimatedfrom ballast loss.

7Investigate options for alternate methods of removing heat from the 15.3 kW of water-cooled HPSlights in the growth room. Currently waste heat from cooling water is rejected to the atmosphere by a4 hp chiller located outside the head house. Although the operation of the chiller is critical to theoperation of the HPS growth lights, the heat discarded is unused and offers a potential area of energyconservation.

The electric energy use for the chiller, circulating pump and condenser fans was monitored for 7 dayswith a Micro Data Logger (MDL) to accurately assess its precise energy use. Based on this data anestimated annual electric energy use of 38,281 kWh at a cost of $3,130 was calculated. Thisrepresents 21% of the electricity used in the growth chamber and 7.4% of the total electric use.

The 48,320 gallons of pond water present an attractive alternative heat sink for rejection of the wasteheat produced by the HPS grow lights. The growth light chiller removes approximately 30,000 Btu/hr. Daily heat production from the growth lights would raise pond water temperature by 1.8 ºF.

Transfer of heat from the HPS growth lights to the air in the greenhouse provides a second optionwhen supplemental heating is required, thereby replacing a portion of space heating supplied by thenatural gas fired boiler. The strategic placement of water to air heat exchanger(s) in the greenhousewould transfer the unwanted heat from the growth chamber to the greenhouse.

Annual savings of $2,500-$3,000 in chiller operating costs would support an investment of $7,500-$9000 in alternative growth light waste heat removal equipment and a 3 year payback period.

The existing system can be incorporated as a back-up to the alternate methods of heat rejection andsatisfy excess cooling demands during periods when pond water temperature is elevated and no spaceheating is required. Reduced operation of the existing chiller will also prolong its useful lifeexpectancy.

Recommended ECM’s for Greenhouse

Replacement of all Horizontal-Air Flow (HAF) type horizontal-circulating fans with “paddle” fans.Each existing “paddle” fans use 17 % less energy and provide improved airflow. An annual energysavings of 6,300 kWh and $500 will be achieved with replacement of HAF fans.

Install variable speed drive (VSD) to control the operation of the primary ventilation fan.The application of a VSD will provide better temperature/humidity control in the greenhouse than thecurrent ON/OFF system. The VSD will also contribute to decreased heating requirements byeliminating overshoot of heat/humidity removal by the present method.

Currently the water in the ponds is continually circulated by four 3 Hp. pumps. These pumps consume83,822 kWh annually at a cost of $6,856. They represent a significant amount of the overall electricalenergy consumed (17%) and of the electrical energy use in the greenhouse (28%)

There are no established parameters to determine if this circulation rate is optimal or if it could bevaried in relation to other factors. Research would be necessary to determine if the circulation ratecould be optimized to the stage of lettuce growth, rate of photosynthetic activity during dark periods,

8or during periods of high or low ambient temperatures. A VSD on these pumps would provide themethod to vary flow rates and also offer energy savings.

Even a relatively small reduction in circulation rates would produce significant savings.A 10% reduction in pond pump circulation rate would reduce kWh use by 8,300 kWh and save $685annually

Recommended ECM’s for Natural Gas Fired Boiler Operation

Supplemental space heating of the greenhouse by natural gas is the largest single energy use in thefacility. In 2002, 28,898 Therms of natural gas were used at a cost of $29,051.Space heating consumes 40% of the total energy budget. ECM’s have been identified for two areasof natural gas fired boiler control operation.

The first ECM recommends installation of modulating controls for boiler high limit temperature setpoint. This type of control automatically adjusts high limit set point temperature of the boiler tomatch variable greenhouse heating demands caused by fluctuation of ambient temperatures. Asambient temperature increases, greenhouse-heating demand decreases and boiler-operatingtemperature can be reduced. This control system allows more precise regulation of boiler watertemperature, limiting standby losses and improving overall seasonal combustion efficiency.

The second ECM proposes the application of a variable speed drive (VSD) to the boiler-loopcirculating pumps. Presently, whenever the boilers are operated two 2 hp pumps run continuouslycirculating hot water thru the boiler. The operation of these pumps consume 76% of the totalelectrical energy used in the utility room area, and 3% of all power used in the greenhouse. Operatingcosts for theses pumps is $1,396 annually with 17,076 kWh consumed.

The circulation rate of the boiler-loop circulating pumps could be significantly reduced when thegreenhouse does not require supplemental heating. The application of VSD to these pumps offers acompound energy savings. Reduction of pump speed will greatly decrease electrical energyconsumption. Reduced flow rate of boiler water will lessen standby losses and improve overall boilerefficiency. A VSD would be able to provide energy savings roughly 70% of the total time the boilersare in operation.

Excessive boiler standby losses are evidenced by greatly increased therm per degree-day rates duringtemperate periods, when greenhouse-heating demand is low. The magnitude of therms /degree-day(2.9 – 3.9 therms/degree-day) during periods of high heating loads (winter) effectively doubles duringperiods of reduced heating demands (early fall, late spring) to 4.5 – 8.3 therms/degree-day. The higherrate of heating energy used per degree day indicates that a larger amount of purchased natural gasenergy is being lost and not delivered as useful heating energy.

The combination of lowered boiler operating temperature and reduced flow thru the boiler willeffectively limit these stand-by losses.

9ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY USE

A comprehensive inventory of electrical equipment was conducted at the CEA Greenhouse toestablish a basis for analyzing the flow of energy through the facility.This inventory is recorded in Table 5.

Instantaneous power consumption was recorded with a Fluke Power Meter on all four greenhousepond pumps, greenhouse circulating fans, and growth room HPS lights. Operating hours wererecorded with Pacific Science Motor Loggers for the ventilation fans and boiler circulation pumps. AMicro Data Logger was installed to monitor energy use by the growth light chiller, walk-in cooler,and record operating hours for the greenhouse HPS lighting.

This measured data was coupled with approximation of daily hours of operation to calculate energyuse by month and for each specific piece of equipment. These results are presented in Table 6 andgraphically in the following pie charts.

Electrical Energy Use by Equipment Category

CEA Greenhouse - Energy Use by Equipment Category

Heating System Pumps

4%

Pond Pumps17%

Ventilation & Circulating Fans

8%

Lighting60%

PC & Controls1%

Refrigeration Chiller, AC,

Cooler10%

Figure 1. Energy Use by Equipment Category

10

Table 2Energy Use by Equipment Category Annual kWh Annual CostLighting 31,4135 $ 25,696.25 Ventilation & Circulating Fans 39,904 $ 3,264.19 Pond Pumps 85,443 $ 6,989.20 Heating System Pumps 19,751 $ 1,615.63 Refrigeration -Chiller, AC, Walk-In Cooler 50,763 $ 4,152.45 PC & Controls 5,256 $ 429.94 Misc. 292 $ 23.89

Total 515,544 $ 42,171.54

The overall electrical energy use in the CEA Greenhouse is allocated into the major categories ofequipment in Figure 1. The estimated annual kWh consumptions and operating costs are identified inTable 2. Sixty percent of all electrical energy is consumed by the HPS lighting, 36% in thegreenhouse and 24% by the water-cooled HPS lighting in the growth chamber. The pond circulatingpumps which run continually to provide uniform water – nutrient solution to the crop is the nextlargest user of electricity at 17%. The cooling load from the water-cooled HPS growth light chiller,growth room air conditioner and walk-in cooler is responsible for the next 10% of the total use. Theremaining 13% is allocated to the ventilation and circulating fans in the growth chamber andgreenhouse (8%), the circulating pumps on the hot water boiler (4%) and PC & Controls (1%)

Electrical Energy Use by Area

CEA Greenhouse: Areas of Energy Use

Greenhouse59%

Work Area1%

Walk In Cooler1%

Utility Room4%

Growth Room35%

Figure 2. Areas of Energy Use

Figure 2 identifies the amount of electric energy used in each physical area of the CEA Greenhouse.The greenhouse area itself is the largest user of electricity, consuming 59% of the total, followed bythe growth room with 35%. The remaining 6% is divided among the utility room (4%), the walk-incooler (1%) and the work area (1%).

11

CEA Greenhouse - Energy Use in Greenhouse

Fans - Circulating10%

Lighting60%

Ventilation Fans2%

Pond Pumps28%

Figure 3. Energy Use in Greenhouse

The energy use by equipment type is further analyzed for the greenhouse in Figure 3. Thesupplemental HPS lighting in the greenhouse is the major electric energy user (60%). The pondcirculating pumps (28%) consume the next largest portion of power. It is interesting to note that eventhough the connected load of the pond pumps is only 10% of the load from the greenhouse lighting(10.3 kW vs. 99.4 kW) the continuously running pond pumps devour almost half as much energy asthe greenhouse lighting.

CEA Greenhouse - Energy Use in Growth Room

Growth Light Chiller21%

Lighting75%

Fans - Circulating1%

Air Conditioner3%

Figure 4. Energy Use in Growth Room

The energy use shown in Figure 4 for the growth room is entirely driven by the HPS water-cooledgrowth lights. The lights themselves account for three quarters of the electric consumed. The otherloads are dedicated to removing heat generated by the lamps and use the remainder. The chiller for thewater-cooled HPS growth lights runs continuously to remove heat generated by the lights. The energyuse in this area is distinct in that it operates 24 hours per day, 365 days per year with little seasonalvariation in kW.

12

CEA Greenhouse - Growth Light Chiller Load

3.8

4

4.24.4

4.6

4.8

16:05

17:05

18:05

19:05

20:05

21:05

22:05

23:05 0:0

51:0

52:0

53:0

54:0

5

March 24 to March 25, 2003

kW

Figure 5. HPS Growth Light Chiller Load

The actual use of the growth light chiller (Figure 5) was monitored to obtain an accurate analysis ofits annual kWh use. Although the operation of the chiller is critical to the operation of the HPSgrowth lights, the heat discarded is unused and offers a potential area of energy conservation. Basedon the monitored data, the growth light chiller is projected to use 38,381 kWh annually at a cost of$3,130. This represents 21% of the electricity used in the growth chamber and 7.4% of the totalelectric use

CEA Greenhouse - Walk-In Cooler Load - kW

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

11:1

5

12:1

5

13:1

5

14:1

5

15:1

5

16:1

5

17:1

5

18:1

5

19:1

5

20:1

5

21:1

5

22:1

5

23:1

5

0:15

April 2 to April 3,2003

kW

Max kW - 2.32

Min kW - 0.17

Figure 6. Walk-In Cooler Load

The actual use of the Walk-In Cooler (Figure 6) was monitored to obtain an estimate of its annualkWh use. Based on the monitored data the walk-in cooler is expected to use 6,570 kWh per year,cost $537 to operate, and comprise 1.3% of total use.

13

PURCHASED ENERGY ANALYSIS

Electricity and natural gas service is provided to the CEA Greenhouse by NYSEG. Electricity isdelivered under PSC 115, Service Class 7-1, Large General Service with Time of Use. This rateincludes an On-Peak period weekdays from 7:00 AM to 10:00 PM, when energy (kWh) and demand(kW) are billed. An Off-Peak period from 10:00 PM to 7:00 AM weekdays and all day Saturday,Sunday, and on 6 major holidays features a reduced energy charge (kWh) and no demand (kW)charge.

Natural gas is billed on NYSEG’s Gas Firm Sales Rates – PSC No. 87, Service Classification No. 2 -General Service. This rate includes all gas delivery, weather adjustments and transition surcharges.

Electrical Energy Purchased

Electrical energy provides the majority of energy needs to operate the CEA Greenhouse.In every dollar spent for energy, 60 cents go to electricity expenses. Costs per day to operate thegreenhouse have gone down from their high of $187 per day in 2000, to $115 per day in 2002. Thishas been accomplished by a reduction in annual kWh use and decreased cost per kWh. An EconomicDevelopment Incentive Rate was instituted in July of 2002 that provided a 1.5¢ per kWh ratereduction. Total electric costs are composed of three components, On-Peak Demand (kW), On-Peakenergy (kWh), and Off-Peak energy (kWh). Off-Peak Demand (kW) is metered but not billed.

The split between On and Off-Peak energy (kWh) has remained consistent over the last four years,with 40% of all kWh used On-Peak and 60 % Off-Peak. The On-Peak Demand was greatest in May2000 at 155.2 kW. Maximum On-Peak demands have dropped by 10% to 140 kW in both 2001 and2002.

Table 3 CEA Greenhouse - Summary Annual Electric Use Ave. Ave.

% On-Peak Off-Peak YEAR On-Peak Off-Peak Off Total Demand Max Min Demand M

kWh kWh Peak kWh kW kW kW kW

2002 208,160 307,200 60% 515,360 94.0 140.8 43.2 108.6 13

2001 203,120 289,600 59% 492,720 99.5 140.0 44.8 97.9 13

2000 262,080 401,600 61% 663,680 148.9 155.2 143.2 148.0 15

1999 204,160 243,930 54% 448,090 131.5 151.2 72.8 116.9 15

Total 877,520 1,242,330 59% 2,119,850

Table 4 CEA Greenhouse Total Connected Load Energy User kW LoadGrowth Chamber 26.5

Lighting 15.29Chiller 4.37Air Conditioner 6.64Fans - Circulating 0.2

Greenhouse 118.8Lighting 99.4Ventilation Fans 3.6Pumps 11.3Fans - Circulating 3.83

Utility Room 6.2Circulating Pumps - Boiler loop 3.94Circulating Pumps - Heating loop 1.47Lighting 0.46Control System 0.3

Work Area 2.2Lighting 1.01Small Appliances/Radio 0.1PC 0.3Walk In Cooler 0.75

Total Load kW 153.6

.

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

kW

CEA Greenhouse Connected Load (kW) by Area

Misc - 2.2 kW

Utility Room - 6.2kW

Growth Room - 26.5kW

Greenhouse - 118.8kW

Total Connected Load - 153.6 kW

Figure 7. CEA Greenhouse Connected Load by Area

15The Total Connected Load is compiled in Table 3 and graphed in Figure 7. The growth room andgreenhouse account for 95% of the electrical load in the facility. The total lighting load of 116 kW isdominating. Note that the maximum recorded On-Peak demand of 155 kW is slightly below the totalconnected load as shown in Table 6, indicating very little diversity of equipment operation.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

On Peak kw

Off Peak kW

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

kW

CEA Gree nhouse Demand Profile - 2002

On Peak kw Off Peak kW

Figure 8. 2002 Monthly Demand Profile

The demand profile for 2002 shown in Figure 8 indicates the load management shift to Off-Peak onlyfor greenhouse lighting that was implemented for June, July and August. By limiting the hours ofoperation for greenhouse lighting to the Off-Peak hours (10 PM to 7AM), roughly 50 kW of demandwas removed from On-Peak. This represents a substantial savings in demand (kW) charges for thosemonths and decreased energy (kWh) costs on Off-Peak. With On-Peak demand charges of $9.15 perkW, the savings amount to $1,375 for three months.

Jan Feb Mar A pr May Jun Jul A ug Sep Oct Nov Dec

On Peak

Of f Peak

136

138

140

142

144

146

148

150

152

154

156

kW

CEA Gre e nhous e De mand Profile s - 2000

On Peak OffPeak


16The demand profile in Figure 9 for 2000 illustrates the operation of the greenhouse lighting in bothOn and Off-Peak periods for the summer months. The differential between On and Off-Peak demandis only 2-3 kW.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Off Peak

On Peak0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

kW

CEA Greenhouse Demand Profile - 1999

Off Peak On Peak


The demand profile in Figure 10 for 1999 shows the initial start-up phases of operation when verylittle demand control or demand shifting was evident. When compared with Figure 8 for 2002, thechange due to implementation of energy management techniques is dramatic. Both On and Off-PeakkW demand has been lowered and a large portion of On-Peak demand eliminated.

17

Figure 11. 2002 Monthly On/Off-Peak kWh

The seasonal changes in kWh use are illustrated in Figures 11 & 12. Consumption has been effectivelyreduced by 148,320 kWh from 2000 to 2002. The seasonal decline during summer has beenintensified. The split between On and Off-Peak kWh usage has remained stable with 40% On and60% Off-Peak. These changes indicate an effective approach to energy management.

Figure 12. 2000 Monthly On/Off-Peak kWh

Jan Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Off Peak kWh

On Peak kWh0

5000100001500020000250003000035000400004500050000

kWh

CEA Greenhouse Monthly On/Off Peak kWh - 2002

Jan FebMar

AprMay Jun Jul

AugSep

OctNov

Dec

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

kWh

CEA Greenhouse Monthly On/Off Peak kWh - 2000

Off Peak kWh

On Peak kWh

18Natural Gas Purchased

Table 5 CEA Greenhouse - Summary Annual Gas UseYear Total Total $$ $$/Therm $$/Day Therms Degree Therms

Therms per Day Days per DD2002 28,898.3 $29,051.19 $1.0053 $79.16 78.74 6069 4.76162001 26,089.4 $30,051.86 $1.1519 $83.48 72.47 6041 4.31872000 38,543.8 $33,634.27 $0.8726 $92.66 106.18 6669 5.77951999 20,742.1 $15,636.64 $0.7539 $39.89 52.91 6198 3.3466Total 114,273.6 $108,373.96 $0.9484 $73.13

Purchased natural gas is used entirely to satisfy space-heating needs of the greenhouse.Approximately 40 cents from every energy dollar are allocated to natural gas costs and space heating.This makes it the largest single energy cost in operating the greenhouse.

Natural gas use is driven by environmental factors affecting solar heat gain and envelope heat loss.Heat loss is influenced by the number of heating Degree-Days, that occur during the heating seasonfrom September 1 to May 30. The colder heating season of 2000 caused the greatest use of naturalgas.

DecNovOctSeptAugJulyJuneMayAprMarFebJan

2002

2001

20000

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Therm

s

CEA Greenhouse Monthly Gas Use

2002 2001 2000

Figure 13. Monthly Natural Gas Use 2000-2002

Changes in monthly natural gas use are shown in Figure 13. Turning off the boilers forJune, July and August is clearly evident in 2002 and to a lesser extent in 2001. The summer gas use in2000 is an indication of the rather significant stand-by losses that occur. A total of 5,795 Therms at acost of $5,482 was used in the summer of 2000 that was eliminated in 2002.

19

Figure 14 serves to emphasize the increase in boiler stand-by losses that occur during non-peakheating periods. Therms per degree-day range from 2.9 - 4.1 in December, January, and February.They effectively double to 4.8 - 13.6 Therms per degree-day in the milder months of March, April,May, September, and October). This indicates that a larger amount of natural gas purchased is wastedas stand-by losses and not delivered as useful heat energy.

Figure 14. Monthly Therms per Degree Day 2000-2002

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Oct Nov Dec

2002

200120000.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

Ther

ms/

Deg

. Day

CEA Greenhouse - Therms per Degree Day

20

Table 6. Electrical Equipment InventoryCEA Greenhouse Equipment Inventory: Size and Power Num. Watts/ Total

Area Equipment Description Installed fixture Volts Amps HP kW kW

Growth Lighting Water-cooled HPS growth lights 26 600 208 2.88 15.29 2

Chamber Chiller Chiller to cool HPS growth lights 1 208 14 4.37 2

w/ 1.5 hp circulating pump, 2@ .33hp fans,

3hp refrigeration compressor

Air Conditioner A/C to condition growth room 1 208 20 6.64 3

Fans - Circulating 2 100 0.2

Greenhouse Growth Chamber - Total Load 26.5

Lighting Pond 1 - HPS growth lights 38 600 208 2.88 26.22 4

Pond 2 - HPS growth lights 34 600 208 2.88 23.46 4



Lighting Load 99.4

Circulating Fans Pond 2 - Paddle fans 10 100 120 1.0 2

Pond 3 - Paddle fans 10 100 120 1.0 2

Pond 4 - Paddle fans 2 100 120 0.2 2

Basket fans 12 120 120 1.4 2

Ventilation Fans Greenhouse 4 208 3.2 1 3.83

Fan Load 7.5

Pumps Pond 1-4 Circulating pumps 4 2580 208 8 3 10.3 2

Evaporative Cooling Pad Pump 1 1 0.98

Pump Load 11.3

Greenhouse Load 118.1

Utility Natural Gas Circulating Pumps - Boiler loop 2 208 2 3.92

Room Boiler Circulating Pumps - Heating loop 1 208 1.5 1.47

Pond heat Pump -Not used 1 208 0.5 0.49

Lighting - 2 @ 8ft. 2 tube Fluorescent 2 200 0.46 6.64

Control System/Computer 1 300 0.3

Work Lighting - 175watt Metal Halide 5 175 1.01

Area Computer/Control System 1 300 0.3

Small Appliances/Radio 1 100 0.1

Walk-In Cooler Refrigeration Unit / Condensor Fans 1 208 0.75 2

Misc. Load 8.796 8.79631 Motors 75% Efficient 0.98 kW/HP Total Connected Load 153.4 kW2 Based on Metered Data 3 Measured Voltage and Amperage4 HID lighting 1.15 kW input per kW Lamp rating

Electrical Equipment Inventory

21ES

TIM

ATED

DAI

LY H

OUR

S O

F O

PERA

TIO

NTo

tal

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

TOTA

L An

nual

Cos

t Eq

uipm

ent

Desc

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nkW

3128

3130

3130

3131

3031

3031

kWh

@ 8

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cent

s/kW

Ligh

ting

Wate

r-coo

led H

PS g

rowt

h lig

hts

15.2

924

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

2413

3940

10,9

56.3

2$

Chill

erCh

iller

to co

ol H

PS g

rowt

h lig

hts

4.37

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

3828

13,

131.

40$

w/

1.5

hp

circu

latin

g pu

mp,

2@ .3

3hp

fans

,3h

p re

frige

ratio

n co

mpr

esso

rAi

r Con

ditio

ner

A/C

to co

nditi

on g

rowt

h ro

om6.

642

58

84

259

1248

3.62

$

Fa

ns -

Circ

ulati

ng0.

224

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

2417

5214

3.31

$

Ligh

ting

Pond

1 -

HPS

gro

wth

light

s26

.22

1211

62

12

49

1246

750

3,82

4.17

$

Pond

2 -

HPS

grow

th li

ghts

23.4

612

116

21

24

912

4182

93,

421.

63$

Po

nd 3

- HP

S gr

owth

ligh

ts23

.46

1211

62

12

49

1241

829

3,42

1.63

$

Pond

4 -

HPS

grow

th li

ghts

26.2

212

116

21

24

912

4675

03,

824.

17$

Circ

ulati

ng F

ans

Pond

2 -

Padd

le fa

ns1.

024

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

2487

6071

6.57

$

Po

nd 3

- Pa

ddle

fans

1.0

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

8760

716.

57$

Pond

4 -

Padd

le fa

ns0.

124

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

2487

671

.66

$

Ba

sket

fans

1.4

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

1261

41,

031.

86$

Ve

ntila

tion

Fans

Gree

nhou

se3.

831

12

46

812

128

42

171

4258

4.22

$

Pum

psPo

nd 1

-4 C

ircul

ating

pum

ps9.

5724

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

2483

822

6,85

6.61

$

Evap

orati

ve C

oolin

g Pa

d Pu

mp

0.98

46

812

128

416

2113

2.59

$

Natu

ral G

as B

oiler

Circ

ulati

ng P

umps

- Bo

iler l

oop

2.94

2424

2424

2424

2424

1707

61,

396.

78$

Ci

rcul

ating

Pum

ps -

Heati

ng lo

op1.

4712

86

44

68

1226

7521

8.85

$

Ligh

ting

0.46

11

11

11

198

7.98

$

Cont

rol S

ystem

/Com

puter

0.3

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

2628

214.

97$

Ligh

ting

- 175

watt

Meta

l Hali

de1.

018

88

88

88

88

88

829

3824

0.35

$

Co

mpu

ter/C

ontro

l Sys

tem0.

324

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

2426

2821

4.97

$

Sm

all A

pplia

nces

/Rad

io0.

18

88

88

88

88

88

829

223

.89

$

Re

frige

ratio

n Un

it / C

onde

nsor

Fan

s0.

7524

2424

2424

2424

2424

2424

2465

7053

7.43

$

Day/M

onth

3128

3130

3130

3131

3031

3031

Estim

ated

kWh/

D21

1720

1215

1611

2797

490

494

394

311

7313

4218

1721

1751

5544

42,1

71.5

4$

Actu

al kW

h/Da

y21

1920

8614

4512

6492

610

9687

283

610

2712

7516

6423

79

Estim

ated

kWh/

mon

th65

636

5633

847

001

3382

030

194

2712

529

243

2924

335

181

4161

154

515

6563

651

5544

42,1

71.5

4$

Purc

hase

d kW

h/m

onth

6568

058

400

4480

037

920

2872

032

880

2704

025

920

3080

039

520

4992

073

760

5153

6042

,156

.45

$

-2

002

Misc

./Una

ccou

nted

kW

h44

2062

-220

141

00-1

474

5755

-220

3-3

323

-438

1-2

091

-459

581

24-1

84(1

5.09

)$

Table 7 Estimated Energy Use by Equipment Type, Monthly

22

Table 8 CEA Greenhouse - Electric Energy Purchased - Jan. 1999 to Jan. 2003read date # days on kWh on kW off kWh off kW total kWh kWh/dayad factor total $ $/day $/kWh01/24/03 32 25360 140.8 47200 138.4 72560 2267.5 0.67 5,360.55$ $167.52 $0.07412/23/02 32 26160 140.8 47600 138.4 73760 2305.0 0.68 4,689.09$ $146.53 $0.06411/21/02 30 20800 106.4 29120 108.0 49920 1664.0 0.65 3,402.68$ $113.42 $0.06810/22/02 29 17600 100.8 21920 97.6 39520 1362.8 0.56 2,924.03$ $100.83 $0.07409/23/02 31 10560 98.4 20240 98.4 30800 993.5 0.42 2,415.38$ $77.92 $0.07808/23/02 29 11200 46.4 14720 101.6 25920 893.8 0.80 1,684.39$ $58.08 $0.065

07/25/02 ** 10 4720 45.6 4960 99.2 9680 968.0 0.88 619.08$ $61.91 $0.06407/15/02 20 7040 43.2 10320 91.2 17360 868.0 0.84 1,352.25$ $67.61 $0.07806/25/02 32 12880 47.2 20000 92.0 32880 1027.5 0.91 2,460.00$ $76.88 $0.07505/24/02 29 12000 88.0 16720 87.2 28720 990.3 0.47 2,715.92$ $93.65 $0.09504/25/02 30 17040 124.0 20880 123.2 37920 1264.0 0.42 3,707.98$ $123.60 $0.09803/26/02 29 16240 127.2 28560 125.6 44800 1544.8 0.51 4,118.89$ $142.03 $0.09202/25/02 32 26080 128.0 32320 125.6 58400 1825.0 0.59 5,843.05$ $182.60 $0.10001/24/02 34 25840 125.6 39840 123.2 65680 1931.8 0.64 6,242.60$ $183.61 $0.09512/21/01 31 22240 127.2 30640 122.4 52880 1705.8 0.56 5,385.28$ $173.72 $0.10211/20/01 33 18160 91.2 21920 88.8 40080 1214.5 0.55 4,066.62$ $123.23 $0.10110/18/01 28 10560 67.2 13120 63.2 23680 845.7 0.52 2,559.25$ $91.40 $0.10809/20/01 29 11520 44.8 14240 43.2 25760 888.3 0.83 2,451.82$ $84.55 $0.09508/22/01 28 12320 49.6 17120 48.0 29440 1051.4 0.88 2,827.46$ $100.98 $0.09607/25/01 30 13120 49.6 17120 48.0 30240 1008.0 0.85 2,827.46$ $94.25 $0.09406/25/01 33 14720 123.2 23680 125.6 38400 1163.6 0.39 4,229.64$ $128.17 $0.11005/23/01 29 14240 124.8 19200 124.0 33440 1153.1 0.38 3,936.99$ $135.76 $0.11804/24/01 29 15680 129.6 24080 128.8 39760 1371.0 0.44 4,417.12$ $152.31 $0.11103/26/01 31 19040 129.6 34240 128.8 53280 1718.7 0.55 5,308.74$ $171.25 $0.10002/23/01 29 25760 140.0 36960 138.4 62720 2162.8 0.64 6,126.80$ $211.27 $0.09801/25/01 30 25760 116.8 37280 116.0 63040 2101.3 0.75 5,873.15$ $195.77 $0.09312/26/00 34 26240 147.2 40560 146.4 66800 1964.7 0.56 6,463.03$ $190.09 $0.09711/22/00 33 26640 147.2 41680 147.2 68320 2070.3 0.59 6,564.05$ $198.91 $0.09610/20/00 28 23360 149.6 30880 148.8 54240 1937.1 0.54 5,670.38$ $202.51 $0.10509/22/00 30 15200 144.8 24240 145.6 39440 1314.7 0.38 4,491.41$ $149.71 $0.114

VI. Tabulation of Energy Purchased - Electric and Natural Gas (provided by NYSEG)

23

Table 8 cont.read date # days on kWh on kW off kWh off kW total kWh kWh/dayad factor total $ $/day $/kWh

08/23/00 29 14560 143.2 23920 146.4 38480 1326.9 0.39 4,396.20$ $151.59 $0.114

07/25/00 32 15840 148.8 27920 146.4 43760 1367.5 0.38 4,809.20$ $150.29 $0.110

06/23/00 30 18320 151.2 27600 148.8 45920 1530.7 0.42 5,043.26$ $168.11 $0.110

05/24/00 29 17520 155.2 28960 150.4 46480 1602.8 0.43 5,096.50$ $175.74 $0.110

04/25/00 32 24640 149.6 39520 149.6 64160 2005.0 0.56 6,286.22$ $196.44 $0.098

03/24/00 25 19440 152.0 27920 147.2 47360 1894.4 0.52 5,171.71$ $206.87 $0.109

02/28/00 32 27920 149.6 41440 150.4 69360 2167.5 0.60 6,689.13$ $209.04 $0.096

01/27/00 29 32400 148.8 46960 148.8 79360 2736.6 0.77 7,404.59$ $255.33 $0.093

12/29/99 30 30560 148.8 34000 148.0 64560 2152.0 0.60 6,488.08$ $216.27 $0.100

11/29/99 38 38000 142.8 65840 148.8 103840 2732.6 0.80 9,455.15$ $248.82 $0.091

10/22/99 28 22240 151.2 28400 151.2 50640 1808.6 0.50 5,481.76$ $195.78 $0.108

09/24/99 30 23600 148.0 23520 148.0 47120 1570.7 0.44 5,283.33$ $176.11 $0.112

08/25/99 29 19840 148.0 21290 146.4 41130 1418.3 0.40 5,481.76$ $189.03 $0.133

07/27/99 29 18800 150.4 18720 147.2 37520 1293.8 0.36 5,283.33$ $182.18 $0.141

06/28/99 33 17920 141.6 19840 136.8 37760 1144.2 0.34 4,475.03$ $135.61 $0.119

05/26/99 29 15360 140.8 16720 140.0 32080 1106.2 0.33 4,050.15$ $139.66 $0.126

04/27/99 29 9760 72.8 10560 48.0 20320 700.7 0.40 2,376.21$ $81.94 $0.117

03/29/99 33 2400 116.8 2080 103.2 4480 135.8 0.05 1,730.62$ $52.44 $0.386

02/24/99 28 1840 105.6 1760 7.2 3600 128.6 0.05 1,528.46$ $54.59 $0.425

01/27/99 19 3840 111.2 1200 77.6 5040 265.3 0.10 1,258.55$ $66.24 $0.250

01/08/99 52 6720 119.2 3360 11.2 10080 193.8 0.07 3,504.57$ $67.40 $0.348

11/17/98 39 3440 105.6 0 98.4 3440 88.2 0.03 1,866.63$ $47.86 $0.543

10/09/98 87 2240 112.8 480 5.6 2720 31.3 0.01 3,930.92$ $45.18 $1.445

** First bill with account in Cornell University 227,826.45$ * based on peak Kw & total Kwh.

24

Table 9 CEA Greenhouse - Natural Gas Purchased - Jan. 1999 to Jan. 2002 (provided by NYSEG)read date # of days therms thm/day Degree Day thms/dd total $ $/day $/therm01/24/03 32 4714 147.31 1371 3.4 $3,730.56 $116.58 $0.7912/23/02 32 3965.6 123.93 1163 3.4 $3,232.67 $101.02 $0.8211/21/02 30 2908.4 96.95 753 3.9 $2,663.88 $88.80 $0.9210/22/02 29 1627.3 56.11 318 5.1 $1,470.68 $50.71 $0.9009/23/02 31 385.4 12.43 -43 -9.0 $394.13 $12.71 $1.0208/23/02 29 9.1 0.31 $25.06 $0.86 $2.75

07/25/02 ** 10 4 0.40 $9.36 $0.94 $2.3407/15/02 20 16.2 0.81 $30.38 $1.52 $1.8806/25/02 32 1496.9 46.78 $1,651.30 $51.60 $1.1005/24/02 29 2918.8 100.65 444 6.6 $3,120.97 $107.62 $1.0704/25/02 30 3232.9 107.76 492 6.6 $3,444.36 $114.81 $1.0703/26/02 29 3918.1 135.11 870 4.5 $4,149.28 $143.08 $1.0602/25/02 32 3824.7 119.52 994 3.8 $4,035.85 $126.12 $1.0601/24/02 34 4590.9 135.03 1184 3.9 $4,823.27 $141.86 $1.0512/21/01 31 2843.4 91.72 679 4.2 $3,027.36 $97.66 $1.0611/20/01 33 2682.4 81.28 667 4.0 $2,864.25 $86.80 $1.0710/18/01 28 2200.8 78.60 266 8.3 $2,371.51 $84.70 $1.0809/20/01 29 896.7 30.92 55 16.3 $1,028.59 $35.47 $1.1508/22/01 28 117.2 4.19 $157.22 $5.62 $1.3407/25/01 29 490.1 16.90 $608.13 $20.97 $1.2406/26/01 33 1218.6 36.93 $1,360.08 $41.21 $1.1205/24/01 29 1489.8 51.37 201 7.4 $1,640.40 $56.57 $1.1004/25/01 29 2584.3 89.11 553 4.7 $2,746.78 $94.72 $1.0603/27/01 32 4240.9 132.53 1134 3.7 $4,558.32 $142.45 $1.0702/23/01 29 3742.6 129.06 1061 3.5 $4,908.42 $169.26 $1.3101/25/01 30 3582.6 119.42 1218 2.9 $4,780.80 $159.36 $1.3312/26/00 34 4757.8 139.94 1344 3.5 $4,989.93 $146.76 $1.0511/22/00 33 2783 84.33 741 3.8 $2,849.61 $86.35 $1.0210/20/00 28 1779.9 63.57 1021 1.7 $1,851.99 $66.14 $1.0409/22/00 30 2006.9 66.90 32 62.7 $1,921.59 $64.05 $0.96

25Table 9 cont.

read date # of days therms thm/day Degree Day thms/dd total $ $/day $/therm

08/23/00 29 1957.1 67.49 $1,855.21 $63.97 $0.95

07/25/00 32 1788.5 55.89 $1,753.58 $54.80 $0.98

06/23/00 30 2049.9 68.33 47 43.6 $1,872.96 $62.43 $0.91

05/24/00 29 2934.2 101.18 216 13.6 $2,424.71 $83.61 $0.83

04/25/00 32 3803.6 118.86 654 5.8 $3,014.71 $94.21 $0.79

03/24/00 25 3739.5 149.58 642 5.8 $2,903.81 $116.15 $0.78

02/28/00 32 5954 186.06 1230 4.8 $4,510.56 $140.96 $0.76

01/27/00 29 4989.4 172.05 1226 4.1 $3,685.61 $127.09 $0.74

12/29/99 30 3278.3 109.28 999 3.3 $2,489.45 $82.98 $0.76

11/29/99 38 1357.5 35.72 716 1.9 $1,192.07 $31.37 $0.88

10/22/99 28 633.1 22.61 359 1.8 $587.82 $20.99 $0.93

09/24/99 30 301.0 10.03 21 14.3 $300.41 $10.01 $1.00

08/25/99 29 88.8 3.06 $97.75 $3.37 $1.10

07/27/99 29 191.6 6.61 $187.81 $6.48 $0.98

06/28/99 33 661.2 20.04 0 0.0 $580.17 $17.58 $0.88

05/26/99 29 1153.4 39.77 173 6.7 $924.51 $31.88 $0.80

04/27/99 28 1589.4 56.76 544 2.9 $1,174.09 $41.93 $0.74

03/30/99 34 3810.5 112.07 1174 3.2 $2,594.33 $76.30 $0.68

02/24/99 33 3654.4 110.74 1166 3.1 $2,530.64 $76.69 $0.69

01/22/99 51 4022.9 78.88 2560 1.6 $2,977.59 $58.38 $0.74

11/07/98 38 490.2 12.90 $532.16 $14.00 $1.09

** First bill with account in Cornell University $112,637

26Appendix A – CEA Greenhouse Monitored Load/Use Data Natural Gas Equipment

Natural Gas Boilers - 2Mfg. - Teledyne LarsInput Btu. / Hr. – 1,200,000Output Btu. / Hr. – 972,000

Date Equipment3/24/2003 Pond Pumps 1 2 3 4

kW A Ph 0.89 0.93 0.85 0.90kW B Ph 0.90 0.91 0.75 0.78kW C Ph 0.80 0.84 0.85 0.90Total kW 2.59 2.68 2.45 2.58 Ave kW 2.58PF 0.92 0.94 0.91 0.91

3/25/2003 Boiler Loop Pumps - run 24/7 kWPond 2 -10 Circulating Paddle Fans 0.98Pond 3 -10 Circulating Paddle Fans 0.96Pond 4 -2 Circulating Paddle Fans 0.2Pond 4 -12 Circulating Basket Fans 1.4

Total Circulating Fans 3.54

Growth Room LightsCircuit 1 2.56Circuit 2 2.66Circuit 3 2.51Circuit 4 3.25Circuit 5 1.85Circuit 6 2.46Total 15.29 kW

Electric Load/Use Monitoring Equipment used:

Fluke 39 Power Meter - instantaneous power (kW) of pond pumps, growth room lights, paddle fans and ventilation fans.

Micro Data Logger – portable data acquisition system- with WattNode watt hour transducer and Pulse Counter for kW and

kWh measurements of walkin-cooler & growth light chiller- Status AC/DC voltage module to measure percent “On” time of

greenhouse lights & ventilation fans.Pacific Science & Technology – Motor Logger – measure operating hours for

- boiler loop pumps, greenhouse heating loop circulator pumps.

27

Ventilation Fan - Greenhouse 35.9 hrs. run time from 362 hrs3/24 @ 15:45 to 4/8 @ 10:15 - 15 days, 1.5 hrs

8.62 Hrs / day10% % On Time

Chiller for Growth Lights 4.37 kW

Circulator Pump - Greenhouse 126.1 hrs run time from 193 hrsHeating Loop 3/25 @ 8:45 to 4/2 @ 10:00 - 8days, 1hr.

15.7 Hrs / day65% Percent On Time

Ventilation Fan - Greenhouse 23.3 hrs. run time from 210 hrs3/24 @ 15:45 to 4/2 @ 10:00 - 8 days, 18 hrs

2.66 Hrs / day4/8/2003 11% % On TimeCirculator Pump - Greenhouse 229.8 hrs run time from 319 hrs

Heating Loop 3/25 @ 8:45 to 4/8 @ 10:15 - 13 days, 6.5 hr.55.2 Hrs / day72% Percent On Time

4/2/2003

28Walk-In Cooler Measured UseDate kWh

April 3, 2003 20.6255

April 4, 2003 17.8275

April 5, 2003 18.3105

April 6, 2003 15.7185

April 7, 2003 20.093

Total - 5 Days 92.575Ave kW 0.771kWh / Day 18.52Annual kWh 6758

Growth Light Chiller Measured Use Date KWh/Day

March 25, 2003 108.43

March 26, 2003 100.97

March 27, 2003 101.22

March 28, 2003 106.23

March 29, 2003 105.95

March 30, 2003 105.95

Total - 6 Days 628.74Ave kW 4.37kWh / Day 104.79Annual kWh 38248

29

Greenhouse Lights - Total Hrs OperationFrom 3/24/03 @ 16:05To 3/31/03 @ 15:50

168.25 Total Hrs. 54.97 Hrs On 33%7.0 Days 7.8 hrs/day

Off-Peak Use 3/28/03 @ 22:00to 3/31/03 @ 7:00


From 4/2/03 @ 10:45To 4/8/03 @ 12:00


Off-Peak Use 4/4/03 @ 22:00to 4/7/03 @ 7:00

56 Total Hrs. 24.21 Hrs On 43%2.3 Days 10.4 hrs/day

FARM ENERGY AUDIT REPORT - Controlled … · FARM ENERGY AUDIT REPORT For NYSEG John Zabliski Manager, Agricultural Sales & Marketing 79 Clark St Canandaigua, NY 14424 Phone: (585)

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