FACULTY OF SCIENCE M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY (SEMESTER)mgsubikaner.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MSC_MICROBIOLOGY... · crobiology/Biotechnology/Biochemistry/Genetics/Medicine/Agriculture

SYLLABUSSCHEME OF EXAMINATION AND

COURSES OF STUDY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY (SEMESTER)M.Sc. Previous Examination - 2018

M.Sc. Final Examination - 2019

The M.Sc. Microbiology Programme is of two years duration and is di-vided into two parts, Part I as a previous year and Part II as a final yearEach part (year) has two Semesters. Semester first and third will havefour theory papers of 50 marks (40 external + 10 internal marks) eachand one practical paper based on theory papers of 100 marks (75 exter-nal + 25 internal marks). Semester third and fourth will have three theorypapers of 50 marks each (40 external + 10 internal marks) and a Project/case studies/training/dissertation of 50 marks (40 external + 10 internalmarks). The dissertation will be evaluated at the end of second and fourthsemester by an external examiner. Students are advised to completeProject/case studies/training/dissertation preferably in some outside re-search institute or industry or otherwise in the University. An educationaltour may be organized for M.Sc. students within or outside the Sunder the supervision of faculty members of the department. The univer-sity will arrange train/bus travel assistance as per necessity and univer-sity rules. Traveling expenses of the teacher/s will be borne by the uni-versity as per rules of TA and DA.The detailed syllabus for each paper is appended with a list of suggestedreadings at the end of each paper.

Max Internal Marks

Max Theory and Practical Marks

Part-I (Previous)

Semester-1 MB-101 General Microbiology and Bacteriology MB-102 Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry MB-103 Molecular Biology MB-104 Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering Practical (Based on theory papers)

10 10 10 10 25 Total marks :

Part-I (Previous)

Semester-2 MB-201 - Virology MB-202 - Bioinstrumentation MB-203 - Industrial and food Microbiology MB-204 - Project/case studies/training/dissertation Practical (Based on theory papers)

10 10 10 10 25 Total marks :

Part-II (Final)

Semester-3 MB-301 - Eukaryotic Microbiology MB-302 - Soil and Agricultural Microbiology MB-303 - Medical Microbiology MB-304 - Immunology Practical (Based on theory papers)

10 10 10 10 25 Total marks :

Semester-4

Total marks :

crobiology/Biotechnology/Biochemistry/Genetics/Medicine/Agriculture/Horticulture/Forestry/Wild life/Pharmacy/Life Sciences with 50% marks.Scheme of Examinations

English shall be the medium of instructions and examination.Examinations shall be conducted at the end of each Semester asper the Academic Calendar notified by the Maharaja Ganga SinghUniversity of Bikaner.The system of evaluation shall be as follows:Each theory paper will carry 50marks (10marks external + 40 marksinternal). The evaluation scheme shall comprise external evaluationof 40 marks and internal evaluation of 10 marks. Practical paper willcarry 100 marks (75 marks external + 25 marks internal). Any student who fails to participate in classes, viva-voce, practical and laboratory work will be debarred from appearing in the end semester examinationThe duration of written examination for each paper shall be of threehours and Practical examination shall be for two days (6+6 hours)duration in total.The minimum attendance required by a candidate will be as peruniversity rules.With regards to the Project/case studies/training/dissertation, thescheme of evaluation shall be as follows:The candidate has to submit report/thesis in a spiral/bound form inthree copies at the end of semester II and IV, which would be evaluated by an external examiner. Total marks for Project/case studies/training/dissertation shall be 50 (40 external + 10 internal marks).Regular as well as Ex-Students shall be permitted to appear/reappear/improve in courses of odd semesters only at the end of oddsemesters and for even semester with the even and as per MaharajaGanga Singh University rules.Pass percentage, award of degree, scope for improvement - as perMaharaja Ganga Singh University rules and regulations.

Paper MB-101 3 Hrs. 40Paper MB-102 3 Hrs. 40Paper MB-103 3 Hrs. 40Paper MB-104 3Hrs. 40Combined Practical 2 Days (6Hrs every day) 75Instructions to Paper SettersThe question paper will consist of A, B and C parts. A part will consist ofnine compulsory questions of 1 mark each. B part will consist of sixquestions(two questions from each section of syllabi) and students arerequired to attempt three questions (5 marks each) by selecting onequestion from each section. C part will consist of three questions (onequestion from each section of syllabi) and students are required to at-tempt any two questions (8 marks each).

Paper MB-101: General Microbiology and BacteriologySection A

History and Scope of Microbiology, Culturable and unculturable bacteria.Microbial Taxonomy: Taxonomic ranks, Phenetic and Phylogenetic clas-sification approaches, Numerical taxonomy and Polyphasic classifica-tion approaches, Major groups of bacteria according to Bergey's manualof systematic bacteriology. Ultra structure, chemistry and function ofprokaryotic cells.

Section BAutotrophs, heterotrophs, lithotrophs, chemotrophs and phototrophs.Microbial Growth: Growth factors, Growth curve, kinetics, synchronousgrowth of bacteria. Control of Micro-organisms: Sterilization; Dry, WChemical, Filtration, Radiation. Evaluation of effectiveness of physicaland chemical antimicrobial agents.Media preparations, types ofmedia.Differential, Selective and enrichment media.Aerobic and Anaero-bic cultivation.

Section CGeneral Characters of Important Bacteria- Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio,Proteus, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Coryne-bacterium, Treponema, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella,Thiobacillus, Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Acetobacter, Streptomyces,

Woolverton C. McGraw Hill;2007.Microbiology A laboratory manual by Cappuccino, G. .James,Sherman Natalie, Pearson Education; 2011.Microbiology by Pelczar J. Michael, Chan E.C.S, Krieg R. Noel,Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 1998.The Prokaryotes. A handbook on the biology of bacteria: ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications. Volumes I-IV by Balows,A., Truper, H. G., Dworkin, M., Harder, W., Schleifer, K. H. Springer-Verlag, New York; 1992.Bacterial Systematics, by Logan, A., Niall A. Logan, Wiley-Blackwell;1994.Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (8th edition) by Breedand Buchanan; 1974.Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th edition) by Breedand Buchanan; 1982.Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (2nd edition) by Breedand Buchanan. (Volumes. 1 - 5); 2001- 2003.Principles of Microbiology by R.M. Atlas, Mosby publishers, St. Louis;1995.Brock Biology of Microorganisms (12th edition) by Madigan and JohnM. Martinko, Paul V. Dunlap, David P. Clark Benjamin Cummings;2008.Microbiology: An Introduction by Gerard J., Tortora, Berdell R. Funke,Christine L Case Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company; 2008.

Paper MB-102: Microbial Physiology and BiochemistrySection A

tructure of atom, molecules and chemical bonds. Biochemistry of en-zymes: classification, nomenclature, specificity, isolation and purifica-tion. Enzyme kinetics and inhibition.Co-enzymes.Allosteric and otherregulations of enzyme activity, Mechanism of action of enzymes.

Section BCell metabolism: anabolic principles and synthesis of fatty acids, lipids,amino acids and proteins in microbes. Studies of biosynthesis ofhormones.Synthesis of vitamins and their role as coenzymes.Basic as-pects of bioenergetics, entropy and enthalpy.Electron carriers, artificial

Embden Mayer Hoff Parnas pathway, EntnerDoudroff pathway, Glyoxalateathway, Krebs cycle, oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation,

Reverse TCA cycle, Gluconeogenesis, Pasture effect; Fermentation ofcarbohydrates: homo and heterolactic fermentations.SUGGESTED READINGS:

Biochemistry by Geoffrey L. Zubay. Fourth Edition, Addison-Wesleyeducational publishers Inc.,2008.Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry by David L. Nelson and MichaelM. Cox.Fifth Edition, W.H.Freeman and Company; 2008.Biochemistry, (2nd edition) byVoet Donald &Voet Judith G.,John W& sons New York; 1995.Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes(2nd edition)byWhiteDavid,Oxford University Press, NY;2000.Microbial lipids edited by C. Ratledge and SG Wilkinson, secondedition, Academic Press; 1988.Microbial Physiology by Albert G. Moat and John W. Foster. (3rdedition), John Wiley and Sons;2002The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes by David White.(2nd edition), Oxford UniversityPress; 2000.Biochemistry by Berg Jeremy, Tymoczko John, StryerLubert 6th Edition, W. H. Freeman, New York.(2001)

Paper MB-103: Molecular BiologySection A

Genetic Material : Chemical composition and organization, 3-D struc-ture of DNA, linking number, topological properties, super coiling of DNA,packaging of DNA in pro & eukaryotes. DNA denaturation and renatur-ation, Coding and non-coding DNA, repetitive DNA sequences, DNA rep-lication and repair mechanism: comparison between prokaryotes andeukaryotes, inhibitors of DNA replication, DNA damage, DNA recombi-nation. Transposons and mechanism of transposition.

Section BTranscription in pro and eukaryotes, Reverse transcription, inhibitors oftranscription, post transcriptional processing. Translation in pro- andeukaryotes, Genetic code. Inhibitors of translation, post translationalmodifications.

SUGGESTED READINGS:Gene IX by Benjamin Lewin, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, SudburyMassachusetts, 2007.Molecular Biology by R.F. Weaver , 4th edition, McGraw Hill. NewYork. USA, 2007.

3. Molecular Biology of the Gene by J.D. Watson, T.A. Baker, S.P. Bell,A. Gann, M. Levin, R. Losick, 6thedition, Benjamin Cummings, SanFrancisco, USA, 2007.

4. Molecular Biology of the Cell by B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M.Raff, K. Roberts, P. Walter, 5thedition, Garland Science, New and London, 2007.

5. Biochemistry (5th edition) by J.M. Berg, J.L. Tymoczko, L. StryerW.H. Freeman and Company, New York, USA, 2008.

6. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology Edited by: Fred M. Ausubel;Roger Brent; Robert E. Kingston; David D. Moore; John A. Smith;Kevin Struhl, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2007

Paper MB-104: Microbial Genetics and Genetic EngineeringSection A

Bacterial genome, Plasmids: Structure, classification, copy control, in-compatibility, F-factor, col and R plasmids. Gene transfer in bacteria:Transformation, transduction, conjugation (F+, F- and Hfr cells), Geneticmap, Genetic mapping of E. coli. Mutationversus adaptation, LuriaDelbruck experiment and significance, Mutagenesis: Spontaneous andinduced mutations, deletions, insertion and point mutations, physico-chemical agents of mutation, mutant selection.

Section BNucleic Acid Hybridization: Southern, Northern, Western Blotting, DNAfinger printing, Foot printing, Gel retardation assay, Restriction endonu-cleases, Restriction mapping, Polymerase chain reaction, Gel electro-phoresis (DNA, RNA and Protein).DNA and RNA sequencing, (16S-23S rRNA), DNA Probes and their ap-plications, RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, Use of micro arrays to study gene ex-pression.

Section CGenetic Engineering: Plasmids pBR322, PUC18, phagemids, cosmids,

SUGGESTED READINGS:Principles of Gene Manipulation: An introduction to GeneticEngineering by R. W. Old, S. B. Primrose, University of CaliforniaPress, 1980.Molecular Genetics: An Introductory Narrative by Stent, GCalendar, R. 2nd ed. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, 1978.Molecular Genetics of Bacteria by Larry Snyder and WendyChampness, 3rd edition; ASM press; 2007.Fundamental Bacterial Genetics by Nancy Trun and Janine Trempy1st edition; Blackwell Science Publishers; 2004.Modern Microbial Genetics by U.N. Streips and R.E. Yasbin, 2ndedition; Wiley Publishers; 2002.Microbial Genetics by Stanly R. Maloy, John E. Cronan, Jr. & DavidFreifelder, 2nd edition; Narosa Publishing House; 1987.Molecular Biology by David P. Clarke, 1st edition; Elsevier AcademicPress; 2005.Molecular Cloning: A laboratory manual by Joseph Sambrook& DavidRussell, 3rd edition; CSHL press; 2001.DNA Technology: The Awesome Skill by I. Edward Alcamo, 2ndedition; Hardcourt Academic Press; 2001.

10. Molecular Biology of the Gene by James Watson, Tania Baker, Stephen Bell, Alexander Gann, Michael Levine & Richard Losick , 6thEdition; CSHL Press; 2007.

PRACTICALSIsolation and identification of bacteria by phenotypic and biochemicaltests.Enrichment and isolation of members of Rhodospirillaceae: analysis ofphotopigments.Induction of ?-galactosidase gene in E. coli.

aining techniques.Growth curve analysis.Media preparation, sterilization, inoculation and incubation methods.Microbiological studies of air, water and soil.Evaluation of antimicrobial chemical agents by log reduction methodEffect of following on the growth of microbes-

Identification and screening of autotrophic mutants of E. coli by replicaplatingPCR amplification of DNAElectrophoresis of DNA/RNA/Protein.Isolation of DNA/RNA from plant, animal cell, bacteria.Transformation and Conjugation in BacteriaRestriction digestion, ligation of DNA and cloning in bacteriaRandomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis in bacteria16SrDNA gene amplification analysis for sequencing

Semester 2Theory Papers Duration Max. MarksPaper MB-201 3 Hrs. 40Paper MB-202 3 Hrs. 40Paper MB-203 3 Hrs. 40Paper MB-204 Project/case studies/training 40Combined Practical 2 Days (6Hrs every day) 75Instructions to Paper SettersThe question paper will consist of A, B and C parts. A part will consist ofnine compulsory questions of 1 mark each. B part will consist of sixquestions(two questions from each section of syllabi) and students arerequired to attempt three questions (5 marks each) by selecting onequestion from each section. C part will consist of three questions(onequestion from each section of syllabi) and students are required to at-tempt any two questions (8 marks each).

Paper MB-201: VirologySection A

Virology: Brief outline on discovery of viruses, Classification and nomen-clature of viruses: distinctive properties and ultra structure of viruses;DNA and RNA viruses, Replication of different group of viruses; Cultiva-tion of viruses in embryonated eggs, experimental animals and cell cul-tures.

Section BAssay of viruses: physical and chemical methods (Protein, nucleic acid,radioactivity, electron microscopy), Infectivity assay (plaque method, end

Classification and nomenclature of animal and human viruses.Brief de-ails of RNA viruses Picorna, Ortho Myxo, Paramyxo, Toga viruses,Rhabdo, Rota, HIV and Oncogenic Viruses; DNA viruses; Pox, Herpes,Adeno SV40; Hepatitis viruses, viral vaccines.SUGGESTED READINGS:

Principles of Virology: Molecular Biology, Pathogenesis and Controlof Animal Viruses by S.J. Flint, L.W. Enquist, V.R. Racaniello, andA.M. Skalka 2nd edition, ASM Press, Washington, DC, 2004.Introduction to Modern Virology EPZ by Nigel Dimmock, AndrewEaston and Keith Leppard, 5thedition, Blackwell Publishing, 2005.Human virology by Collier, L H (Leslie Harold), Kellam, Paul; Oxford,J S (John Sidney). 4th ed., Oxford : Oxford University Press, 201Basic Virology by Edward K. Wanger, Martinez Hewiett, David Bloomand David Camerini, 3rd edition, Blackwell Publishing, 2007.Principles of Molecular Virology by Alan J. Cann, 3rd edition, ElsevierAcademic Press, 2001.Plant Virology by Roger Hull, 4th edition, Academic press, 2002.

Paper MB-202: BioinstrumentationSection A

Microscopy: Principles and use of light microscope, bright-field, dark-field, phase-contrast, fluorescent, electron microscopy (SEM, TEM),confocal microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. Specimen prepration for light microscopy and electron microscopy, staining of specificstructures, fixatives and dyes, principle and uses of simple staining anddifferential staining.Principle and working of instruments used for steril-ization.

Section BElectrophoresis: zonal techniques, supporting medium, vertical, subma-rine, gradient and two dimensional electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing.

pectroscopy: Beer-Lambert relationship, components of a spectropho-tometer, type of detectors; UV-Vis spectrophotometry, atomic absorp-tion spectroscopy. Applications of spectroscopy.

Section CChromatography: AdsorptionChromatography, liquidChromatography, Gas-liquidChromatography, Ion exchangeChromatography

2. Biochemistry (6th edition) by Berg J. M., Tymoczko J. L. &StryerW.H. Freeman and Company, New York; 2007.

3. Foundations in Microbiology (6th edition) by Talaro K. P. &Talaro McGraw-Hill College, Dimensi;2006.

Analysis of Biological Molecules: An Introduction to Principles,Instrumentation and Techniques, by Potter G. W. H. & Potter GKluwer Academic Publishers; 1995.

5. Prescott/Harley/Klein's Microbiology by Willey J., Sherwood L. andWoolverton C. McGraw Hill; 2007.

Paper MB-203: Industrial and Food MicrobiologySection A

Introduction to fermentation processes, history of fermentation process.Bioreactors: Design and components- vessel materials, baffles, impel-lers, inoculation and sampling devices, biosensors etc., biohazard andcontainment. Types of bioreactors: airlift, fluidized bed, micro carrierphoto bioreactor, stirred bioreactor. Immobilization of cells and its indus-trial application (Pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries).

Section BIsolation, selection, screening, preservation and maintenance of indus-trially important microorganisms.Formulation of fermentation media: energy source, water, nitrogen source,minerals, chelators, growth factors, buffers, precursors, inhibitors andantifoam agents, Optimization of media. Media and air sterilization. Tof fermentation processes with kinetics: Batch, continuous and fed batch.Downstream processing: foam separation, cell disruption, industrial scalecentrifugation, liquid-liquid extraction, solvent recovery, chromatographytwo phase aqueous extraction, drying and crystallization.

Section CProduction process for Yeast (Bakers, food and fodder), Single cell pro-tein (SCP), Single cell and Single cell oil (SCO), lactic acid, Beer, WWhisky, Sauerkraut, Bread, amylases and proteases, penicillin, strep-tomycin, Riboflavin, Production of non-microbial product through GEMs:insulin, cell growth factors, tissue plasminogen activator. Bioplastic (PHB,PHA), Steroid transformation. Production of bioinsecticides. Vaccine types:live, attenuated and recombinant and their production.

Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology by El Mansi& Bryce,Taylor & Francis, London, Philadelphia, 1999.Fermentation Biotechnology by O.P. Ward, Open University Press,Milton Keynes, U.K., 1989

6. Industrial Microbiology: An Introduction by Waites, Morgan,Rockey&Highton, Blackwell Science, 2001.

7. Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology by B. Atkinson & FMavituna , The Nature Press, 1982

8. Microbial Biotechnology: Fundamentals of Applied Microbiology byGlazer &Nikaido , W.H. Freeman and Co., New York, 1995.Modern Food Microbiology, 4th edition by J.M. Jay, Springer, 2006.

10.Fundamental Food Microbiology, 3rd edition by B. Ray., CRC press,2006.

1.Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, 2nd edition byMichael P. Doyle, Larry R. Beuchat, Thomas J. Montville, ASM press,2001.

12.Food Microbiology by M.R. Adams & M.O. Moss., Royal Society ofChemistry, 2000.

13.Food Microbiology by M.R. Adams, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2008.PRACTICALS

Chick embryo inoculation for viruses.Estimation of infectivity titre of a virus sample using Plaque assay.Production of purified virus stock and its quantification.

tudy of virus infected plant material.Isolation of Probiotic bacteria from milk and curdMorphology of important Protozoa and Viruses.

tudy of dimorphism in yeastesting of milk by MBRT.

Sample collection and biomass determination for small scale fermenta-

o determine the specific growth rate and generation time of a bacteriumduring submerged fermentations.o determine R: S ratio of bacteria by CFU counts.o determine Thermal death time and thermal death point.o check the calibration of spectrophotometer

Semester 3Marking Scheme for External

Theory Papers Duration Max. MarksPaper MB-301 3 Hrs. 40Paper MB-302 3 Hrs. 40Paper MB-303 3 Hrs. 40Paper MB-304 3Hrs. 40Combined Practical 2 Days (6Hrs every day) 75Instructions to Paper SettersThe question paper will consist of A, B and C parts. A part will consist ofnine compulsory questions of 1 mark each. B part will consist of sixquestions(two questions from each section of syllabi) and students arerequired to attempt three questions (5 marks each) by selecting onequestion from each section. C part will consist of three questions(onequestion from each section of syllabi) and students are required to at-tempt any two questions (8 marks each).

Paper MB-301: Eukaryotic MicrobiologySection A

General Characteristics and Life Cycle of important Fungi- Dictyostelium,Rhizopus, Saccharomyces, Candida, Penicillium, Fusarium,Helminthosporium, Alternaria and Albugo. Fungal endophytes of tropicalplants and their applications: Endophytic fungi, colonization and adapta-tion of endophytes. Agriculturally important toxigenic fungi: Biodiversitytoxigenic fungi in sustainable agriculture with special emphasis onbiopesticides. Applications of Trichoderma and Gliocladium as biocontrolagents.

Section BMycorrhizal fungi: Diversity of endo- and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Biologyof arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: signaling, penetration and colonizationinside roots, culturing and benefits, recent advances in the field of myc-orrhiza. Biotechnological applications of yeasts: Yeasts as producers ofbioactive molecules such as pigments, lipids, organic acids and EPS,yeasts as probiotics, yeasts in bioremediation, yeasts in alcoholic fer-mentations.

SUGGESTED READINGS:Fundamentals of the fungi by Elizabeth Moore, Fourth edition,Benjamin Cummings; Landecker;1996.Mycotechnology: Present status and future prospects. Edited byMahendraRai.I.K., International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.; 2007.The Yeast Handbook: Biodiversity and Ecophysiology of yeastCarlos A. Rosa and Gabor Peter. Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg;2006.Algae: Anatomy, Biochemistry and Biotechnology by Laura Barsantiand Paolo Gualtieri. Taylor and Francis Group, LLC; 2006.

Paper 302: Soil and Agricultural MicrobiologySection A

Soils: Origin and evolution, soil profiles. Major physiochemical and bio-logical characteristics. Soil microflora: distribution and contribution toecosystem.Biogeochemical cycles: Carbon cycle, Nitrogen Cycle, Phosphorus cycle,Sulphur cycle, Iron and Manganese cycle. Bioleaching and biomining.Agricultural and urban waste compost, vermicompost, mushroom com-post, silage, methane production, biogas plants. Microbiology of Rhizo-spheres, phyllosphere and spermosphere,

Section BPlant Diseases: Physiology of parasitism, mechanism of disease resis-tance, host parasite relationship. Symptomatology and control measureof various diseases.

iral diseases: TMV, Yellow vein mosaic of Bhindi, and Papaya leaf curl.Bacterial diseases: Citrus canker, Crown gallFungal diseases: Green ear of bajra, Wheat rusts and Loose and Cov-ered smuts.Mycoplasmal diseases: Witches broom of potato, Stripe disease of sug-arcane

Section CBiofertilizers: Production technology, standards, storage and applicationmethods for Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillium, Cyanobacteria,Azolla. Biological nitrogen fixation - nitrogenase enzyme - nif genes;symbiotic nitrogen fixation - (Rhizobium, Frankia)- non-symbiotic mi-

The Nature and practice of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens byCook R. J. & Baker K. F.; 1983.AmerecaPhytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN.Environmental Biotechnology by Forster C. F. & John D.A. EllisHorwood Ltd. Publication;2000.A Manual of Environmental Microbiology by Christon J. H. Publications;2001.Soil Microbiology by Rao, N.S.S. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., NewDelhi;1999.

Paper 303: Medical MicrobiologySection A

Early discovery of pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenicity and viru-lence; Quantitative measures of virulence: minimal lethal dose (MLD),LD 50, ID 50, TCID 50. Normal microbial flora of human body; role of theresident flora. Nosocomial infection, common types of hospital infec-tions and their diagnosis and control. Establishment, spreading, tissuedamage and anti- phagocytic factors; mechanism of bacterial adhesion,colonization and invasion of mucous membranes of respiratory, entericand urogenital tracts.

Section BImportant diseases of human beings (short description of causal agent,pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment)Bacterial diseases: Typhoid, Syphilis, Cholera, Gonorrhoeae, Tubercu-losis, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Plague, Botulism, Meningitis, Pneumonia,Enteritis.

iral diseases: Influenza, Herpes, AIDS, Rabies, Human Pox, Yellowfever, Mumps and Measles.Fungal diseases: Ringworm, Toxoplasmosis.Important bacterial (Anthrax, Black quarter, Tuberculosis, Brucellosis)and viral (Foot and mouth disease, Rinderpest, Cow pox, Rabies) dis-eases of domestic animals, their causal agents, epidemiology, patho-genesis, diagnosis, vaccine and treatment).

Section CAntimicrobial therapy; Antibiotics and their classification, mode of ac-tion, Antimicrobial resistance: Multidrug efflux pumps, Methicillin-resis-

Cellular Microbiology by Cossart P, Boquet P, Normark S, Rappuoli

eds. 2nd edition. American Societyfor Microbiology Press. 2005.Bacterial Pathogenesis: A molecular approach by Salyers AAWhitt DD eds. American Society forMicrobiology Press, WashingDC USA. 2002.Pathogenomics: Genome analysis of pathogenic microbes by HackerJ and Dorbindt U. ed. Wiley-VCH.2006.Molecular Microbiology: Diagnostic Principles and Practice by PersingDH, Tenover FC, VersalovicJ,Tang Y, Unger ER, Relman DA, WhiteTJ eds. American Society for Microbiology Press, 2004.Infectious Disease Epidemiology: Theory and Practice by NelsonKE, Williams CM, Graham NMH eds. An Aspen Publication. 2001.

Paper 304: ImmunologySection A

Historical background: Humoral and Cellular components of the immunesystem. Innate Immunity: Skin & mucosal surface, Physiological Barri-ers, Phagocytic barriers, Inflammation, Adaptic immunity. Cells and Or-gans of Immune System. Antigens: Structure, properties, types, epitopes,haptens. Immunogens, Adjuvants.

Section BAntibodies: Structure, function and diversity, antibody mediated func-tions, classes and biological activities. Monoclonal antibodies.Antigen-Antibody Interaction.Major Histocompatibility Complex- structure,functionsand genes.Cytokinesis (Properties, receptors, antagonism &secretion). The complement system (functions, components, activation,regulation and deficiencies). Cell mediated effecter responses: Cytotoxic

-cells, natural killer cells, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicitySection C

Hypersensitive reactions (Type I,II,III and delayed type (DTH). Immuneresponse to infectious diseases: viral, bacterial and protozon.

accines.Immuno-deficiencies.Transplantation; Graft rejection, mechanism and prevention, HLA anddisease.Autoimmunity; Organ specific and systemic,Autoantibodies, experimental

Garland Science Publishing; 2005.Medical Microbiology and Immunology by Levinson W, Jawetz E:Lange publication; 2001.Fundamental Immunology by Paul WE: 4th edition. New York. RavenPress; 2000.Roitt's Essential Immunology by Delves PJ, Martin SJ, Burton DR,Roitt IM; 11th, edition. Blackwell Publishing/Oxford Univ. Press; 2006.

PRACTICALSIsolation and cultivation of Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Azospirillum,Cyanobacteria, Actinomycetes, Mycorrhiza.Biofertilizer production using RhizobiumBiofertilizer production using MycorrhizaSoil analysis for various parameters like moisture content, water holding

acity, Micro and macronutrientslike carbon, nitrogen, carbonates etcDetermination of following enzyme activities in the soil sample: amy-lase, cellulose, xylanase, protease and phosphatase.Laboratory methods for studying soilborne diseasesa. Isolation of soilborne pathogenc. Chemical control of soilborne pathogens using acylanilide and alkylphosphonates.Bacterial diseases of food plantsa. Isolation of pathogenic bacteria from rotten vegetables and fruitsb. Biochemical and physiological tests for detection of pathogens invegetables and fruitso study normal micro-flora of Skin, Respiratory tract, Gastro-intestinal

tract, uro-genital tract.o study cultural characteristics of pathogenic bacteria on various selec-

tive and differential media.o study pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus by coagulase test.o study antimicrobial susceptibility using an octadisc.o determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic

on bacteria and fungiDetermination of Blood group and Rh factor.Blood cell counts. Serologi-cal tests: Radio immuno-diffusion, Immuno-electrophoresis, DOT ELISA,Sandwich ELISA,

Paper MB-403 3 Hrs. 40Paper MB-404 Project/case studies/training 40Combined Practical 2 Days (6Hrs every day) 75Instructions to Paper SettersThe question paper will consist of A, B and C parts. A part will consist ofnine compulsory questions of 1 mark each. B part will consist of sixquestions(two questions from each section of syllabi) and students arerequired to attempt three questions (5 marks each) by selecting onequestion from each section. C part will consist of three questions(onequestion from each section of syllabi) and students are required to at-tempt any two questions (8 marks each).

Paper MB-401: Microbial Ecology and EnvironmentalBiotechnology

Section AAero Microbiology:Droplet nuclei, aerosol, assessment of air quality, solid- liquid impingement methods, Assessment of air quality for microbialdiseases of viruses, bacteria and fungi.Aquatic microbiology: Water ecosystems - types, fresh water (ponds,lake, streams) - marine habitats (estuaries, mangroves, deep sea, hy-drothermal vents, saltpans, coral-reefs). Potability of water- microbialassessment of water quality- water purification.Brief account of majorwater borne diseases. Eutrophication.Waste water treatment:Wastes - types- solid and liquid wastes charac-terization- solid - liquid; treatments- physical, chemical, biological- aero-bic- anaerobic -primary - secondary- tertiary(trickling- activated sludge-oxidation pond- oxidation ditch).

Section BMicrobial ecology: Concepts, microbial behavior in ecosystems, micro-bial biodiversity, development of microbial communities.Inter species in-teractions: Antagonism, competition, commensalisms, synergism, psitism and predation. Gause and Hardin's principles of competition. Ru-men microbiology, digestion, fermentation and detoxification by microbes,factors influencing rumen microbes.Oxidative transformation of metals: sulfur oxidation, iron oxidation, am-

SUGGESTED READINGS:Microbial Ecology By Atlas R.M., Bartha R., BenjaminCummings Publishing Co, Redwood City, CA.,1993.Environmental Microbiology by A.H. Varnam& M.G. Evans, MansonPublishing Ltd., 2000.Manual of Environmental Microbiology by Christon J. Hurst, RonaldL. Crawford, Jay L. Garland, DavidA. Lipson, Aaron L. Mills, Press, 2007.Environmental Microbiology by W.D. Grant & P.E. Long, KluwerAcademic Publishers, 1981.

Paper MB-402: BiostatisticsSection A

Definition of statistics, symbols, notations and terminology of statistics,Collection of data: primary and secondary data; parameter and statis-tics. Sampling and estimation of population parameters, Random sam-pling, Sampling size in random sampling, stratified two stage clusterand sequential sampling; Bias in sampling. Presentation of researchresults, Graphic presentation. Construction of histograms and their in-terpretations.

Section BCentral tendency & partition values: Mean, mode, median; quartiles,quintiles, deciles and percentiles. Measure of dispersion: mean devia-tion, standard deviation and variance. Probability: the probability scale,measures of probability. Probability distributions: Normal distribution,Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution. Student Regression andCorrelation: Scatter diagram, simple linear regression, correlation coeffi-cient.

Section CF-test and ANOVA. Test of significance of mean: standard error, student't' test. The chi-square test. Statistical basis of biological assays, Re-sponse-Dose relationship.Introduction to research methods: research question, literature reviewtheoretical framework or model, formulation of objectives and researchhypothesis, population under study, statistical design, sample size,methods of data collection, data processing.

McGraw-Hill , N.Y; 2002.Fundamentals of statistics. Goon, Gupta and Dasgupta- World Press,Kolkota.Design and analysis of experiments by Montgomery D. C., JohnWiley and Sons.Biostatistics, a foundation for analysis in the health Sciences, (7thedition),Wayne Daniel; 2007.Paper MB-403: Bioinformatics and Computer Applications

Section ABioinformatics: Introduction, objectives. Bioinformatics and data analy-sis. Database concept, elementary knowledge of structure query lan-guage. Microbiological and Virology databases, cell gene banks relatedsites, biodiversity information databases.

Section BMetabolic pathway engineering.DNA sequencing. Finding and retrievingsequences. Sequence data base.Phylogenetic tree, Dendrogram, Se-quence formats. Protein and nucleic acid sequence database, Identify-ing protein sequence from DNA sequence.

Section CComputer applications: Computers and their organization, Hardware,

tware, operating system (Command line and WIMP) Application pages for microbiologists, Data processing and presentation (Spreadsheetand Statistical analysis) LIMS, computer graphics, Computer : CALmicrobiology, Use of computer as audio visual aid.SUGGESTED READINGS:

Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes andProteins by Baxevanis A.D. and Ouellette, Third Edition. John Wand Son Inc., 2005.Bioinformatics Sequence and Genome Analysis by Mount D.WCSHL Press, 2004.Introduction to Bioinformatics by Tramontano A., Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2007.Understanding Bioinformatics by Zvelebil, M. and Baum, Chapman& Hall/CRC, 2008.Bioinformatics: Methods Express By: Paul H Dear, Scion

tudy of fungal degradation of wood.tudy of Bacterial interactions (antagonism etc)