Faculty of Life Sciences Syllabus for M. Sc. (HONS.) (FERMENTATION & MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY) (Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System) (Semester: I to IV) Examinations: 2014–15 Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar. Note: (i) Copy rights are reserved. Nobody is allowed to print it in any form. Defaulters will be prosecuted. (ii) Subject to change in the syllabi at any time. Please visit the University website time to time.
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Faculty of Life Sciences
Syllabus
for
M. Sc. (HONS.) (FERMENTATION & MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY)
(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System) (Semester: I to IV)
Examinations: 2014–15
Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar.
Note: (i) Copy rights are reserved.
Nobody is allowed to print it in any form. Defaulters will be prosecuted. (ii) Subject to change in the syllabi at any time. Please visit the University website time to time.
Core Course FTL 551 C Recent advances in Fermentation Technology 4 0 0 4
E Elective courses* 3 1 0 4
FTL 552 C Microbial enzymes 4 0 0 4
FTL 553 C Assignment/case study/review/survey 4 0 0 4
FTP 571 C Field Study or Industrial Tour 0 0 2 2
I Interdisciplinary Course** 3 0 0 3
FTP 572 C Laboratory course in Microbial Enzymes 0 0 4.5 4.5
Total Credits 25.5
Interdisciplinary Course** FTL 063 Studies on Microbial Enzymes Elective Courses* FTL 581 Fundamental of Medical Microbiology & Immunology FTL 583 Concepts in Microbial Genetics
Note: The scope of this paper is restricted only to the applications of various statistical techniques. The mathematical derivations of various results are excluded. Statistical Method: Collection of data. Frequency distribution and its graphical representation. Measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis moments.
(12 Lectures) Correlation and Regression: Relationship between variables, covariance, Karl-Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, interpretation of correlation coefficients. Least square technique for regression lines (without proof), regression coefficients, relationship between correlation analysis and regression analysis. (07 Lectures) Probability: Mathematical definition of probability of an event. Use of permutations and combinations in calculations of probability, Conditional probability. Additive and multiplication law of probability, random variables and its pmf, pdf, cdf, mathematical expectation and variances. Theoretical Distribution of binomial, poison and normal Properties of these distributions (Applications only). (08 Lectures) Hypothesis Testing: Sample population statistics and parameters, null hypothesis, level of significance. Definitions of Chi-square test, ‘t’ and ‘f’ varieties and their Pdf 3 only, Application of these distributions in testing of hypothesis. (10 Lectures) Analysis of Variance: Meaning of analysis variance with linear models. Analysis of variance for one-way classified data, analysis of variance for two-way classified data with one observations for cell, analysis of variance for two-way classified data with multiple but equal number of observations per cell (data analysis only). (08 Lectures)
Introduction to bio-chemical engineering: Interaction between chemical engineering, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Simple enzyme kinetics and Enzyme inhibition kinetics. Stoichiometry of cell growth. Monod's Growth kinetics, Specific growth rate, growth yield, production yield, Yg, Yo2, Yatp, Saturation constant, maintenance energy, Transient growth. Kinetics of media sterilization, Design of batch and continuous sterilization processes. Calculation of Del factor and holding time. Richard's rapid methods of design of sterilization process. Scale up of batch sterilization process. Methods of air sterilization process. Design of air filters, effects of bed depth and air velocity on filtration. Product synthesis kinetics. Growth and non growth synthesis. Open and closed system of fermentation. Mathematical model for batch fermentation. Plug flow reactor and its kinetics. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). Steady state model for CSTR. Rate of biomass production in a chemostat. Books Recommended:
1. Biely, J.E. and Ollis, D.F., Bio Chemical Engineering Fundamentals (1986),
Mcgraw Hills.
2. Rehm, H.J. and Reed, G. (ed), Biotechnology, Vol 1-2, Verlag-chemie.
3. Stanbury, P.E. and Whitaker A., Principles of Fermentation Technology (1984),
Prgamon Press.
4. Pirt, S.J. Principles of Microbial and Cell Cultivation. Blackwell Scientific
Publication, London.
5. Moo-young, M. Comprehensive Biotechnology, Vol. 1-4, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Theory and applications of chromatographic techniques: Thin layer and column
chromatography, ion exchange and affinity chromatography, reverse-phase chromatography,
GLC/HPLC and FPLC.
Theory and application of electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acid, polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, pulse field gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion and
immuno electrophoresis methods.
Theory and application of analytical and preparative centrifugation. Concept of continuous
and zonal rotors, analytical centrifuge.
Theory and application of spectroscopy UV, visible, infrared, NMR,MR, GC-MS
spectroscopy.
Introduction to radioisotopes and their monitoring concepts of counting efficiency and auto
radiography. Principles and applications of serodiagnostic techniques.
Books Recommended: 1. Friefelder. D. (1982) Physical Biochemistry, Application to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed. W.H. Freemen and Company, San Fransisco. 2. Griffiths, O.M. (1983). Techniques of Preparative, Zonal and Continuous Flow Ultracentrifugation. Bechman's Ultracentrifuge Manual. 3. William, B.L. and Wilson, K. (1986). A Biologist Guide to Principles and Techniques Practical Biochemistry, 3rd ed., Edward Arnold Publisher, Baltimore, Maryland (USA). 4. Slater, R.J. (1990). Radioisotopes in Biology-A Practical Approach, Oxford University Press, New York.
Nucleic acids: structure of DNA, functions, replication, DNA damage and repair, isolation and sequencing. Transcription; types of RNA and their role in gene expression, Translation; components involved, t-RNA as adapter, genetic code and its salient features, gene expression; inducible and repressible operon (account of lac operon and trp operon regulation) Molecular cloning; techniques and their importance, cloning vectors; properties and uses of phage vectors,plasmids,cosmids and phasmids,cloning strategies; cloning of genomic DNA, cDNA cloning, selection and characterization of clones, gene probes, labeling. PCR: principle, types and role in molecular biology Books Recommended: 1. Friefelder, D. 1987. Microbial Genetics. Narosa Publication.
2. Friefelder, D., Maloy, S.R. and Cronana, J.E. 1994, Microbial Genetics, IInd edition,
Jones and Barlett Publishers.
3. Lewin, B. 1990. Gene V. Oxford Univ. Press.
4. Malacinski, G.M. & Friefelder, D. 1993. Essentials of Molecular Biology, IInd Edition.
Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
5. Synder, L. and Champness, W., 1997. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, ASM Press.
(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)
20
FTL-503: ADVANCES IN INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
Credit: 3-0-0 Microbial biodiversity and its importance in industrial microbiology, methods of isolation. High Throughput Screening (HTS) of microbes and metagenomic libraries for industrially important enzymes, Bio-molecules (anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory antimicrobial compounds, etc); raw materials of industrial importance. Continuous and fed batch cultures. Strain development by mutagenesis, protoplast fusion and transformation. Methods for cloning the genes. System biology (genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, fluxome) in strain improvement. Important microbial products and technology for production of bioethanol from cellulosic waste, Single cell oil, polysaccharides (xanthan), fermentation of pharmaceutical molecules lovastatin, β carotene, production of recombinant proteins (Hepatitis vaccines, insulin, interferons). Industrially important biotransformation, Immobilization of whole cells and enzymes, protein engineering, metabolic engineering, Intellectual property rights (IPR) and patents laws governing in Indian patents related to microbial products and processes. Books Recommended: 1. Manual Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (eds) A.L. Demain and Solomon, N.
A. (1986). ASM, Washington. D.C.
2. Principles of Fermentation Technology Stansbury and Whittaker Pergamon Press.
3. Recombinant Microbes for Industrial and Agricultural Application (eds) Y. Murroka,
T. Imanuka (1994) Marcel Dekker Inc.
4. Biotechnology 2nd Edition W. Crueger and A. Crueger. (1992) Panima Publishers.
5. Microbial Technology. Vol. I and II Eds. Peppler and Perlman, (1979) Academic Press.
6. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol. III and IV Ed. Moo Young (1984) Pergamon Press.
7. Recent Review and Research Articles from Scientific Journals.
8. Industrial Microbiology: An Introduction. Waites, M.J., Morgan, N., Rockey, J.S., and
Higton, G. (2001). Blackwell Publishing.
9. Proteomoics Ad Potein Protein Imteractions: Biology, Chemistry, Bioinfomatics and
(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)
21
FTL-502: Environmental Biotechnology Credit: 3-0-0 Purification of waste water by aerobic processes, Communal sewage and industrial effluents, Aims and limitations of aerobic bioprocessing. Activated sludge process. Trickling filter process, lagoon process. Purification of effluents by anaerobic processing. Biology of methane formation.
Microbiology of cellulose degradation, Enzymatic aspects of cellulolysis. Potential application of Microbial cellulases. Microbiology of lignin degradation ,white-rot, brown-rot, and soft-rot type fungal attack in ligninolysis. Enzymology of lignin degradation and their biotechnological applications. Brief account of microbial degradation of pectin and hemicellulose with their potential applications.
The concept of Bioremediation efficacy testing approaches to bioremediation: Environmental modifications for Bioremediation, Microbial seeding and Bioengineering Approaches to the bioremediation of pollutants. Gaseous and Heavy metal air pollutants, Microbes as sources of Atmospheric pollutants, microbes as sinks for Bioscrubbers and biofilters.
Microbial Insecticides: Bacillus thruingensis. The concept of endotoxins and cry genes, B. thruingensis as a present day bioinsecticide. (Bacillus sphaericus) B. popilliae) and Baculoviouses. Biology of baculoviruses, Baculoviruses as Insecticides and their future potential. Bacterial leaching from ores, microorganisms associated with recovery of copper by direct and indirect leaching, uranium leaching. Books Recommended: 1. Atlas. R.M. and Bartha, M (1981). Microbial Ecology Fundamentals and Applications,
Addision-Wesley, Philipines.
2. Campbel, R. (1977). Microbial Ecology, Balckwell Scienctific, London.
(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)
22
FTL-511: MALTING, BREWING AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY
Credit: 3-0-0 Introduction: Brief Enzyme Overview, Classification & Nomenclature, General Characteristics. Kinetics of single substrate enzyme-catalysed reactions: Michaelis Menton Equation, Briggs-Haldane modification, Lineweaver-Burk plot, Eadie-Hofstee and Hanes plot. Km and Vmax, Inhibitors of Enzymatic Activity – Irreversible, Reversible, Competitive, Noncompetitive, Uncompetitive, substrate and allosteric inhibitors. Enzyme stability and activity - Effect of pH, temperature, water activity, freezing, ionic strength. Storage & Handling, Analysis and composition of barley & malt sampling physical analysis, chemical, biochemical analysis, germination test, Suitability of different cereals for malting. Principles & technology for malting. Physiological and enzymatic transformations caused by malting. Brewing process and defects of beer.
Application of enzyme in food industries: enzymes in milk and cheese industry, baking industry, alcoholic beverages (wine and beer) and fruit juices, starch and sugar industries. Application of enzymes in drug industries: antibiotic and steroid production, enzyme therapy, enzymes in biosensors. Thermozymes, their mechanism of thermo stability and uses. Hybrid enzymes, Ribozymes and their uses. Recommended Books:
1. Palmer, T. and Philip, L. Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Clinical
Chemistry Published by Horwood Publishing Group, Chichester, 2007.
2. Price, N. C. and Stevens, L., Fundamentals of Enzymology. The Cell and Molecular
Biology of Catalytic Proteins. 3rd edition. Published by Oxford University Press,
1999.
3. Pandey, A. Webb, C., Soccol C. R. and Larroche, C. Enzyme Technology. Published
by Asiatech Publishers, INC. New Delhi, 2004.
4. Tucker, G.A. and Taybor, A.J., Enzymes in Food Processing. Springer Publisher,
1. Computer Basics: Course introduction, MS Windows basics, UNIX basics, File Management, E-mail (PINE, EUDORA, Internet mail), File Transfer (ftp, WSftp).
2. Computer Peripherals and Hardware Description: Computer architecture, organization, Recognition and structure of different components of a computer system and their respective usage, I/O and storage devices with data communication and introduction of internet.
3. Office Applications: MS Office 2000/XP including MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint.
4. The Virtual Library: Searching MEDLINE on the Pubmed system from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information, Accessing full text journals on the internet, and printing articles.
5. Some Useful Sites on the Internet: Databases (gene bank) and search tools and softwares at : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Restriction enzyme site digestion Webcutter 2.0 at : http://www.firstmarket.com/cutter/cut2.html Image analysis program : http://www.firstmarket.com/cutter/cut2.html Image analysis program : http://www.scioncorp.com PCR and Multiplex PCR : Guide and Troubleshooting Guide : http:///www.info.med.yale.edu/genetics/ward/tavi/PCR.html A Collection of WWW Links to Information and Services Useful to Molecular Biologists http://www.public.iastate.edu/~pedro/research.tools.html http:///restools.sdsc.edu/ http://www.yk.rim.or.ip/~aisoai/tool.html
(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)
24
MTL 261- BIOSTATISTICS Credit: 3-1-0 Note: The scope of this paper is restricted only to the applications of various statistical techniques. The mathematical derivations of various results are excluded. Statistical Method: Collection of data. Frequency distribution and its graphical representation. Measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis moments. (12 Lectures) Correlation and Regression: Relationship between variables, covariance, Karl-Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, interpretation of correlation coefficients. Least square technique for regression lines (without proof), regression coefficients, relationship between correlation analysis and regression analysis. (07 Lectures) Probability: Mathematical definition of probability of an event. Use of permutations and combinations in calculations of probability, Conditional probability. Additive and multiplication law of probability, random variables and its pmf, pdf, cdf, mathematical expectation and variances. Theoretical Distribution of binomial, poison and normal Properties of these distributions (Applications only). (08 Lectures) Hypothesis Testing: Sample population statistics and parameters, null hypothesis, level of significance. Definitions of Chi-square test, ‘t’ and ‘f’ varieties and their Pdf 3 only, Application of these distributions in testing of hypothesis. (10 Lectures) Analysis of Variance: Meaning of analysis variance with linear models. Analysis of variance for one-way classified data, analysis of variance for two-way classified data with one observations for cell, analysis of variance for two-way classified data with multiple but equal number of observations per cell (data analysis only). (08 Lectures)
(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)
27
FTL 551-Recent Advance in Fermentation Technology Credit: 4-0-0 The syllabus for this paper will consist of current research. Every year the course specific scientific article will be selected from leading Journals, reviews and books.
(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)
28
FTL-552 Microbial Enzymes Credit 4-0-0 Fundamentals of Enzymology: Nature of enzymes-Structural and functional aspects Physiological significance of enzymes, classification and nomenclature importance of the study of enzymes. Enzyme kinetics: Rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions, rate laws and rate contents Michelis Meton`s hypothesis , significance and determination of Km and Vmax, enzyme inhibition-revisable and irreversible inhibition, competitive, noncompetitive and uncompetitive inhibition, effect of physic chemical factors on enzyme activity . History and scientific basis of commercial exploitation Microbiology enzyme: Introduction and history of industrially important micro enzyme, biochemistry and physiology of microbial enzyme procedure mechanism, regulation of enzyme synthesis, location and secret of enzymes. Detailed study of some commercially important microbial enzyme. Introduction, occurencs, mechanism of action, methods of industrial production and applications of amylases, proteinases, cellulases, pactinases, glucose exidase, glucose dehydrogenase glucose isomerase, B gel actosidase, and invertases. Introduction cell disruption, precipitation, solid/liquid separation, chromatographic techniques and drying. Immobilization of Microbial enzymes: Introduction, development of immobilization techniques, examples of Immobilization of Microbial enzymes useful in food system and biotechnology, Immobilization enzymes reactions. Current status and future prospects for the commercial exploitation of Microbial enzymes: Exploitation of microbial enzymes in food system and biotechnology, increasing yield of extracellular enzymes- strain selection environmental control, genetic regulation controls, genetic recombination and gene amplification techniques. Books Recommended: 1. Carr, P.W. and L.D. 1986, Immobilization Enzymes in Analytical and Clinical Chemistry
John Wiley and Sons, New York. 2. Lehniniger A, 1978. Biochemistry, Worht Publication U.S.A. Propoler, H.J. and Periman,
D. 1979, Microbial Technology. Vol. 1, Microbial Processes, Academic Press. 3. Perman, D. 1979. Advance in Applied Microbiology, Vol. 25, Academic Press. 4. Ramachandran, K.B. 1985. Fundamentals of Biochemical, Engineering Vol. 1 & II, BEC,
I New Delhi. 5. Rose, A.H. 1980. Mircobial Enzymes and Bioconversions. Economic Microbiology,
Vol.15, Academic Press. 6. Smith, J.E. Berry, D.R. and Kristansan, B 1983. Filament Fungi Vol. IV, Fungal
(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)
30
FTP-571 Field Study or Industrial Tour Credit: 0-0-2 Syllabus shall be based on comprehensive, exhaustive scientific knowledge based information input submission of field study or Industry scientifically based inputs.
(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)
32
FTL581: Fundamentals of Medical Microbiology & Immunology (Elective) Credit: 3-1-0 History of medical microbiology. Microorganisms and Diseases: Host Microbial Interaction governing the Infection. Normal microbial residents of human body, characteristics of normal flora, distribution and occurrence of normal flora ; skin, respiratory tract, Sources and transmission of infection, Reservoirs of infection. Human sources, animal sources and inanimate sources, food and water borne infections. Antigen-antibody interactions, affinity and avidity, immunoglobulins, classes complement fixing antibodies and complement cascade. Types of immunity: innate and acquired. Features of immune response: memory, specificity and recognition of self and non-self. Recognition of antigens by T-cell and role of MHC, structure of T-cell antigen receptors, TCR, BCR Books Recommended: 1. Janeway CA, Trevors P, Walport M, Schlomhick M (2001), Immuno biology. The
Immune System in Health and Disease, 5th Edition, Garland Publication, USA.
2. Kuby, J. (1992), Immunology, W.H. Freeema,USA.
3. Medical Microbiology by C.G.A. Thomas, 1988. Bailion Tindall, London.
4. Medical Microbiology by Mims, Playfiar, Roitt, Wakelin and Williams, 1993, Mosby-
year Book Europe Ltd., U.K.
5. Microbiology: Concepts and Applications by Pelczar, Chan and Krieg, 1993. Mc Graw
Hill, Inc., U.S.A.
6. Microbiology: A Human Perspective by Nester, E.W. Roberts C.E., Nester, M.T. 1995.
WM. C. Brown Communication Inc. U.S.A.
7. Medical Microbiology, 4th Edu., S. Baron NCBI/ 2004.