Facultad de Filosofia y Letras. Documetnos para la Historia Argentina. Tomo IV Abastos de la ciudad y campaña de Buenos Aires (1773-1809). Buenos Aires Compañia Sud-Americana de

8/3/2019 Facultad de Filosofia y Letras. Documetnos para la Historia Argentina. Tomo IV Abastos de la ciudad y campaa de

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Ih`}othd dm Ifoepeih v Omt|hp

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Ih`}othd dm Ifoepeih v Omtf1

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YFPm t|hthlh dm èje`m| oh ~|e~fh yfdh dm L}mjep

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Ohp fjymptfch`fejmp pm |mjeyh|ej h mptm elgmte


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YFFF `fphde/ v mj hdmohjtm bh dm ~m|im``fejh|pm bhptht|hjpkftf| oh je`fj kp mrh`th dm oh h}tmjtf`fdhdv dmkp `h|h`tm|mp mrtm|jep m fjt|jpmèp dm oepde`}kmjtep*

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O* K* T*Df`fmkl|m dm 8684*


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`h|jm|ep dm ^hk}|gZe* Oh e~fjfj dm }j ~|mpfdmjtm e kfjfp+t|e dm ~|mptfcfe/ e dm }j gmim dm ~h|tfde/ m|h èke oh èphg}wchdh ~|e ym|fthtm bhbmt}|/g mjt|hlh mj ohp |mcohp dm ohdfp`f~ofjh mom`te|ho p} |mp~mt}epe h`hthkfmjte* ^h|h `fm|+tep mp~|ft}p `}otep oh pft}h`fj m|h dm }jh hjc}ptfh pe+ie`hjtm*Dmlm jeth|pm thklfj }jh |mohtfyh mrtmjpfj dm oh mj+pmhjwh ifoepif`h* Je eph| dm`f| x}m Bmcmo v Ahjt pmhjihkfofh|mp1 ~m|e pm dmk}mpt|h `fm|te |mp~mte/ v p}p jek+l|mp g}jte èj oep dm P`be~mjbh}m|/ Afmtpw`lm/ Iftòfm/ H*@ektm/ Thfjm/ `f|`}ohj mj ohlfep x}m }je je pep~m`bh|h*Je pm ~}mdm jmch| x}m oh c}m||h m}|e~mh bh pfde }j h|+c}kmjte dm mim`te mj ihye| dm oh pm|fmdhd v mif`h`fh ~|`+tf`h dm oh ifoepeih fdmhofpth* V mp myfdmjtm x}m h}kmjthjoep om`te|mp ~h`fmjtmp dm mphp èphp thj dfi`fomp v pmd}`+te|hp*

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FFMj mo ~|mpmjtm yeo}kmj mdfthde ~e| oh pm``fj dm ~}lof+

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`}mptfejmp pe`fhomp pm |m~ftmj mj ohp dfym|php ~e`hp* Hp/~h|h dmkept|h| mptm hpm|te/ ~edmkep |mè|dh| x}m h ifjmpdmo pfcoe RYFFF/ mo ~}mloe pm x}mghlh dm oh `hj'2th dm ohyfdh* M_ @hlfode df`thlh e|dmjhjwhp ~h|h hlh|hth| oeph|t`}oep jm`mph|fep/ pfj èjpmc}f| p} elgmte* Pm h`bh`hlhjoep jfhomp h oep fk~}mptep/ h oep keje~eofep/ h oep khjmgepdm oep ~hjhdm|ep v jmce`fhjtmp dm `m|mhomp* V oep khomppm ~m|~mt}hlhj h t|hyp dm ohp e|dmjhjwhp v dm oep dfp+`}|pep*

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FFFJep ~m|kftf|mkep oohkh| oh htmj`fj dmo om`te| pel|m

hoc}jep et|ep tmrtep v de`}kmjtep x}m hbe|h pm ~}lof`hj*]jep "~cp* 8


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tede mo tmpe|e dm ifoepeih mèjkf`h `}vh ~epmpfj mrò}+pfyh pm ht|fl}v ~e| mx}fye`h`fj h Kh|fhje Ke|mje/ m|hèph è||fmjtm v lhjho mjt|m tedep oep ofekl|mp `}otep dmoh ~e`h* V k}`bep dm mooep x}m h~h|m`mj ~e| ~|fkm|h ymwmj mptm ofl|e/ ~mjph|ej èj kp òh|fdhd v ~|m`fpfj* DejGepmi dm Ev}moh/ pjdfè ~|e`}|hde|/ mp`|flh mj 82>0 mptepjethlomp ~||hiep7 ,èj khoep `hkfjep jfjcj mpthde~}mdm oomch| ho `k}oe dm p} c|hjdmwh* * * oep êotfèpkp c|hjdmpZ/ oep kmge|mp `ho`}ohde|mp dm oep ym|dhdm|epfjtm|mpmp dm oh imof`fdhd cmjm|ho bhj oomchde h èjymj`m|+pm dm x}m oh mèjekh dmo tfmk~e mp }je dm oep kp pmc}+|ep kmdfep dmo mjc|hjdm`fkfmjte,*Oh i}jdh`fj dmo ^pfte v p} i}j`fejhkfmjte "~cfjhp2/ mjèjt|h| mo om`te| }jh `}|feph |mcoh+kmjth`fj dm oep jmce`fep dm t|fce v ~hj/ x}m èk~omthet|ep de`}kmjtep ~}lof`hdep hjtm|fe|kmjtm/ v tedep mooepe|fcfjhomp dm j}mpt|e |fx}pfke H|`bfye Cmjm|ho dm ohJh`fj* #Mj oh ~c* 468 el|h }j fk~e|thjtm homchte dmo de`te|@eppfe/ mj dmimjph dm oep ihl|f`hjtmp dm `h|lj* Je peoeht|hm mptm de`}kmjte ~e| mo mptfoe l|fepe v h~hpfejhde/pfje x}m |mymoh èphp k}v fjtm|mphjtmp |mohtfyhp ho km`h+jfpke dm oep jmce`fep* Hb pm ~|m`fphj oep dm|m`bep dmoMpthde v oep dmo jmce`fhjtm/ oh dfim|mjtm pft}h`fj dmo |m+chtejm|e v mo khve|fpth1 mo `h|`tm| dm oep elgmtep dmhlhpte pel|m oep x}m mgm|`m p} yfcfohj`fh mo celfm|je/ v oepdm pfk~om èkedfdhd cmjm|ho* Pm elpm|yhj oep ~|e`mdf+kfmjtep ifp`homp/ pfmk~|m tf|jfèp/ `h~|f`bepep v h|lft|h+


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RFFF |ep* V dm ~hpe h~|mjdmkep x}m fk pfp}ffoh g:}f / // f//// ]t'oh ~eloh`fj èjp}kh `h|lj v x}m mptm pm ymjdh ho ~|m+`fe dm t|mp |mhomp oh `}h|tfooh lfmj èokhdh/ v x}m pm ihl|f+`hlh mj oep lepx}mp dmo ]|}c}hv v mj ohp fpohp dmo Dmothdmo ^h|hj x}m bev èj+mp~ejdmj h oh g}|fpdf``fj ~eotf`hdm Mjt|m \ep*Oh `h|h`tm|ptf`h dm oh mèjekh èoejfho mp oh o}`bhyfeomjth mjt|m mo mpthde v mo èkm|`fhjtm* K}v h kmj}depm oomch ho fjp}ote* ,Kfp ~h|tmp/ +df`m mo de`te| @hppfe ~fdmj h Y* mo |mph|`fkfmjte dm oep ~m|g}f`fep x}m `mdfmjde hoh i}m|wh bhj p}i|fde mj p}p fjtm|mpmp/ m fk~oe|hj p} ~|e+tm``fj p}~m|fe| èjt|h be||e|ephp pfjdf`h`fejmp dm keje+~eofpthp/ }p}|m|ep/ dmi|h}dhde|mp dmo ~lofè èj x}mj}mpt|e @hlfode bh bm|fde mj oe jhp yfye p} l}mj jekl|m/beje| v ~lof`h |m~}th`fj* * *,*Mj |mp}kmj mptm yeo}kmj mj`fm||h tedep oep momkmjtepjm`mph|fep ~h|h ie|kh|pm }jh fdmh mrh`th dmo |cfkmj dmoep jmce`fep* Rep ~m|kftm elpm|yh| ~|`tf`hkmjtm oep ~|fj+`f~fep dm oh mèjekh hjtfc}h lhphdh mj mo g}pte ~|m`fe/mj oh p}~|mpfj dm oh ofl|m èj`}||mj`fh/ v p} dfp`}pfj/ mjmo èjt|eo h`tfye v kfj}`fepe dmo Mpthde* \mpg:m`te h mptepotfkep èj`m~tep pej hothkmjtm fjtm|mphjtmp oep pfc}fmj+tmp i}jdhkmjtep x}m t|hjp`|flfkep dm oh yfpth dmo~|e`}|hde| cmjm|ho dm mpth `f}dhd dej Khj}mo Lhphyfolhpe* ', Mo Pfjdfè ^|e`}|hde| Cmjm|*# dm mpth @f}dhd/ |mp~ej+dfmjde h oh yfpth/ x*Z Y* P* mo fo}pt|m @hlfode/ g}ptf`fhv |mcfkfmjte pm pf|yf èk}jf`h|om dmo mp`|f~te ~|mpmj+thde ~*#Z D*,, @mpfofe Pj`bmw dm Ymohpè/ mj x}m peof`fthpm om hdkfth oh elofch`*,## dm hlhptm`m| mpth `f}dhd dm `h|jm~e| mo tm|kfje dm = hjep lhre ohp èjdf`fejmp x}m ~|e+~ejm1 tmjfmjde thklfj ~|mpmjtm mo fjie|km/ x}m bh dhdeD* M|hj*#,## Oef:mw Ch|`h/ H~edm|hde dm oep Hwmjdhdep/ vet|hp jetf`fhp |mohtfyhp mptm hp}k~te/ x}m om bhj ~hphdedm e|dmj dm Y* P* df`m7 x}m h}jx}m oep t|kfjep mj x}mpm bhooh èj`myfdh oh ~|mtmj`*'', dm D, @mpfe Pj`bmw/khjfifmpth ~*,, pf kfpkh mo dmp~|m`fe x}m km|m`m/ ~*Z jepeoe pm Df|fcm h dmp~egh| ho ~}mloe ~}lofè dm hx}moohofym|thd/ x*' thjte |mèkfmjdhj oep dm|m`bep/ v x}m om mpthj ymjthgeph mj ohp `f|`}jpthjZ xZ èj`}||mj mj mpth `f}+

# Yhpm mo de`}kmjte J*e 8 1 #@e~fh dm oh |m~|mpmjth`fj/ mt`** ~cp* 0+89*


18/623

dhd pfje x}m èjp}othjde peoe p} ~|e~fe lmjmif`fe/ je pmmjèjt|h|h ~|e~epf`fj hoc}jh/ xZ h}j c}h|dm hx}moohph~h|fmj,Z èj x, ~}dfm|h bh`m|pm dm hoc}jh |mèkmjdh`,,p} ~|evm`te* Dm p}m|tm x}m èjifmph mo ~|e`}|hde| je bh+ym| ~edfde kmjep x*' mp`hjdhofwh|pm dm oh tmkm|fdhd vh||ege dm mptm fjdfyfd}e/ x}m pfmjde ym`fje v bhyfmjde dfp+i|}thde mo he hjtm|fe| dmo beje| dm x}m mpth |m~lof`h omèjdmè|hpm mofcfjdeom ~% }je dm p}p kfmkl|ep èj oh dfp+tfj`*, dm ~|mim|f|om et|ep khp hjtfc}ep ke|hde|mp v ym`f+jep pm bh`m k}`be khp |m~|mbmjpflom }jh peof`ft}d x}m jetfmjm et|e elgmte xZ oep èjpfdm|hlomp ~m|g}f`fep x}m |mp}o+th|hj ho èkj/ èj khjfifmpthp }tfofdhdmp p}vhp* V ~*Zx}m pm èjep`h kmge|/ x*Z ho P0Zjdfè ^|e`}|hde| ombhh||hj`hde pfj ofym|thd mpthp mr~|p,Z oh |hwj v mo deoe|dm ym| bhvh p}gmte mjt|m oep ym`fjep dm mpth `f}dhd/ `h~hwdm mk~|mbmjdm| }j ~|evm`te x}m pm df|fcm èjd}`f|oh hoh }otfkh dm`hdmj*,/ v h }jh tetho |}fjh/ v h htmjth| èj+t|hoep khp |mèkmjdhlomp dm|m`bep dfyfdf| ~,, khve| òh+|fdhd p} |mp~}mpth mj = ~}jtep/ phlm|* Mj mo ~|fkm|e dm+kept|h|h x}m dm p}ve oh ~|e~epf`fj dm }j mrò}pfye hlhp+te mp èjt|h|fh tede dm|m`be* Mj mo


19/623

RY Mpm |gffjmX i|h`hp* V oep bekl|mp mjphvh|ej oh olm|'thd hlpeo}th ~h|h |mkmdfh| oh kfpm|fh v ohp `jfm]ohdmp

dm oh jht}|homwh/ èj hjoecep |mp}othdep* Ohp o}`bhp èj+tfjhj/ èj dfym|php ie|khp/ ~m|e pfmk~|m yfeomjthp y hj+c}ptephp* Hbe|h pm fjf`fh }j |mc|mpe ho |cfkmj dm ohmèjekh hjtfc}h/ èj et|ep jekl|mp v et|hp ~|mtmjpfe+jmp/ h~evhde mj oh @fmj`fh x}m |mmk~ohwh h Dfe*p/ fjp~f+|hjde h oep bekl|mp oep kfpkep pmjtfkfmjtep dm im `fmchèjifhjwh hlpeo}th/ hke|/ ihjhtfpke v edfe h oep x}m je~fmjphj èke jepet|ep* *Tmjd|hj |hwj oep |mofcfepep èoejfhomp `}hjde ~|mè+jfwhlhj mo c|hj |mkmdfe7 |mpfcjh|pm5

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20/623


21/623

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22/623


23/623

HLHPTEPDM OH

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J*, 8 @e~fh dm oh |m~|mpmjth`fj bm`bh ~e| mo ^|e`}|hde| Cmjm|hodm mpth `f}dhd pel|m dmpyhjm`m| mo ~|evm`te x}m pm fjtmjth mpth+lom`m| èj mo Hpfmjte dm oh `h|jm èke èjt|h|fe v ~m|g}df`fhohf lfmj dm oh `h}ph ~}lof`h*

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Ho o]}pt|m @hlfode/ g}ptf`fh v |mcfkfmjte*Mo Pjdfè ^|e`}|hde| Cmjm|*Z dm mpth @f}dhd/ |mp~ej+

dfmjde h oh yfpth/ x* Y* P* pm pf|yf èk}jf`h|om dmo mp+`|f~te ~|mpmjthde ~% D* @mpofe Pj`bmw dm Ymohpè/ mjx}m peof`fth pm om hdkfth oh elofch`*,## dm hlhptm`m| mpth `f}+dhd dm `h|jm ~e| mo tm|kfje dm = hep lhre ohp èjdf`fejmpx}m ~|e~ejm1 tmjfmjde thklfj ~|mpmjtm mo fjie|km/ x}mbh dhde D*## I|hj*,## O~mw Ch|`h/ H~edm|hde dm oep Hwmj+dhde/ v et|hp jetf`fhp |mohtfyhp mptm hp}k~te/ x}m om t|hj+~hphde dm e|dmj dm V* P* df`m7 x}m h}jx}m oep t|kfjep mjx}m pm bhooh èj`myfdh oh ~|mtmj` dm D @mpfofe Pj`bmw/khjfifmpth ~% pf kfpkh mo dmp~|m`fe x}m km|m`m/ ~% jepeoe pm Df|fcm h dmp~egh| ho ~}mloe ~}lofè dm hx}moohofym|thd/ x* thjte |mèkfmjdhj oep dm|m`bep/ g x}m om mp thjymjthgeph mj ohp `f|`}jpthjZ xZ èj`}||mj mj mpth `f}dhdpfje x}m èjp}othjde peoe p} ~|e~fe lmjmif`fe/ je pm mjèjt|h|h ~|e~epf`fj hoc}jh/ x h}j c}h|dm hx}moohp h~h+|fmjZ èj xZ ~}dfm|h bh`m|pm dm hoc}jh |mèkmjdh`'' p}~|evm`te* Dm p}m|tm x}m èjifmph mo ~|e`}|hde| je bhym|~edfde kmjep x* mp`hjdhofwh|pm dm oh tmkm|fdhd v h||egedm mptm fjdfyfd}e/ x}m pfmjde ym`fje v bhyfmjde dfpi|}thdemo hje hjtm|fe| dmo beje| dm x}m mpth |m~lof`h om èjdm+


24/623

+ 4 +è|hpm mofcfjdeom ~% }je dm p}p kfmkl|ep èj oh dfptfj`*#Z#Zdm ~|mim|f|om et|ep khp hjtfc}ep ke|hde|mp v ym`fjep pmbh`m k}`be khp |m~|mbmjpflom }jh peof`ft}d x}m }e tfmjmet|e elgmte xZ oep èjpfdm|hlomp ~m|g}f`fep x}m |mp}oth|hjho èkj/ èj khjfifmpthp }tfofdhdmp p}vhp/ V ~*' x}m pmèjep`h kmge|/ x*Z ho Pvjdfè ^|e`}|hde| omlh h||hj`hdepfj ofym|thd mpthp mr~|mp,ZZ oh |hwj v mo deoe| dm ym| bhvhp}gmte mjt|m oep ym`fjep dm mpth `f}dhd/ `h~hw dm mk~|mbmj+dm| }j ~|evm`te x}m pm df|fcm èjd}`f|oh h oh }otfkhdm`hdmj- v h }jh tetho |}fjh/ v h htmjth| èjt|hoep khp|mèkmjdhlomp dm|m`bep dfyfdf| ~,, khve| òh|fdhd p}|mp~}mpth mj = ~}jtep/ phlm|* Mj mo ~|fkm|e dmkept|h|f*x}m dm p}ve oh ~|e~epf`fj dm }j mrò}pfye hlhpte mp èj+t|h|fh tede dm|m`be* Mj mo


25/623

+ Gf +hx}mo èjt|hte x}m hdkftm oh h``m~*#', dm ~m|pejhp 2>F> x}mdhj mptep h}tbe|fwhdep ~h|h bh`m| hx}mo cf|e/ v oep dmkpmrò}fdep7 dm p}m|tm x}m dm jhdh ~}mdm pm| khp eofepe/ jfkhp e~}mpte h oep fjtm|mpmp ~lofèp/ x}m oh ~m|kfpfj dmtede hpfmjte/ ~% x}m ~% mptm kmdfe pm è|th v ~|ebfym ohofym|t?fd dmo @ekm|`fe/ x}m mp mo hokh dm oep ~}mloep/ v ohp}lpthj`fh x}m iekmjth oh p}lpfptmj*,*

Mpte ~}mp x}m ~*' tedh òhpm dm hpfmjte mp fjèjtmrthlomp}lm pel|mkhjm|h dm ~}jte/ pf pm èjt|hbm/ èke mo ~|m+pmjtm h ohp ~|fj`f~homp mp~m`fmp/ x}m bhj dm pm|yf| ~*' mohlhpte/ v ~|eyfpfj dm mptm ~}mloe/ ~*# x}m je peoe pm om dmp+~egh dm hx}moohp ymjthghp x}m om ~|ed}`m oh ofym|thd dm p}èkm|`fe mj mpth ~*'Z pfje x}m thklfj pm oe fjifm|mj et|ep~h|tf`}oh|mp dhep v ~m|g}f`fep/ dm x}m mj p} o}ch| pm bh|mr~|p*,,/ dm kede x}m pfmjde oh ofym|thd dm p} cf|e pel|mmptm ~}jte/ oe x}m khp fjkmdfhthk*'Z fjtm|mph ho èkj/ moc|hyhkmj x}m om |mp}oth|oh mp mo khve| x}m ~edfh e``hpfe+jh|pmomp/ v e~}mpte mr~|m*phk*' je peoe h oep ~|fj`f~fepcmjm|homp/ pfje h oh Omv 2 tft* 82 ofl* 4 dm ohp |mè~fohdhp dmFjdfhp x}m df`m hp// Mp j}mpt|h yeo}jthd x*Z oep khjtmjf+, kfmjtep/ lhptfkmjtep/ v yfhjdhp pm ~}mdhj èkm|`fh|/ v, t|hcfjh| ofl|mkmjtm ~e| tedhp ohp ~|eyfj`fhp dm Fjdfhp/ v, x*Z ohp g}ptf`fhp* @ejpmgep/ v ~m|pejhp ~h|tf`}oh|mp je oe, fk~fdhj/ jf pm bhchj pel|m mpte jfjc}jhp e|dmjhjwhp

## ~mjh dm oh j}mpt|h km|`md/ v ~m|dfkfmjte dm lfmjmp mj x}m, èjdmjhkep h oep t|hjpc|mpe|mp## 7 ~e| x}m pf pm eltmk~m+|hpm h oh peof`ft}d dmo x}m ~|e~ejm mo hlhpte/ pmx}fth mpthofym|thd dm x}m tedep tmjchj elgmte dm }tfofdhd/ v ~}mdhjèk~|h|/ v ymjdm|/ ~}mp mj mpth `f}dhd/ peoe mo Hpmjtfpth~ed|h mrm`}th|oe*

ê| et|h ~h|tm oh `|fh dm chjhdep mp }jh yfyh hc|f`}ot}+|h/ c|hd}jdeoh oep G}|fpèjp}otep ~e| }jh èph kfpkh èjoh ohl|hjwh e ~e| ~/' x}m fjtmc|h mptm p}~}mpte oep Ohl|h+de|mp v `|fhde|mp tfmjmj ohp h}tbe|fdhdmp ~e| ohp Omvmp dmymjdm| p}p i|}tep èke x}fpfm|mj v ~}dfm|mj ~*,, x*# ohthpph mj oep hlhptep peoe ~}mdm ~ejm|pm h oep |mchtejmp*Mo Hpmjtfpth ~|mtmjdm x}m je pm om bhvh dm ymjdm| oh |mpkhp x} ~% 8< ||*- v hpf mo èjpmjtf| pm|fh èjt|hymjf| hx}moohp dfp~epf`fejmp/ v dmp~egh| h oep `|fhde|mp dm hx}m+ooh ofym|thd x}m mj p} èjpmc}mj*# omp è||mp~ejdm je peoe~h|h ymjdm| mj p}p bh`fmjdhp/ pfje ~*' mrm`}th|oe mj mpth


26/623

9 `f}dhd èke oe ~|h`tf`hj hoc}jep/ x}m t|hlmj mo chjhde dmp} `}mjth/ v oe lmjmif`fhj ih`foftjdepm vh mo mr~mjdfe/ vhoh khve| }tfofdhd x}m |mp}oth dm mpth e~m|h`*,, dm x}m x}m+dhj fk~mdfde mj mo `hpe dmo hpfmjte/ pfj x}m ~}mdh e~ejm|pmx}m mo Hlhptm`mde| lhyfh dm èk~|h|omp ~|m`fphk*'', h mooep/~% x}m mpte oe mrm`}th|fh h p} h|lft|fe/ v èj }jh ~|mim|mj*,dm p}gmtep/ x}m oe fjd}`f|fhj k}`lep ketfyep/ dmghjde k}`lep fk~epflfofthdep dm dh| mr~mjdfe h p}p chjhdep/v tedep oep x}m ~}dfmpmj t|hofm|oe dm p} `}mjth/ v lmjmif+`fh|oe/ ~m|g}f`fep dmkp èjpfdm|h`fj/ x* oep x}m ~|fkm|hyfpth pm ei|m`mj/ ~% x*Z mp èjpthjtm v jete|fe/ x}m je tfmjmjtedep oep bh`mjdhdep et|e elgmte dm èjp}ke/ x* ~}mdm~|e~e|`fejh|omp }tfofdhd x}m mo dmo hlhpte dm mpth `f}dhd*

^}jte Je fcje|h mo ^|e`}|hde| x}m pfj mklh|ce dm pm| tede

èjt|hte dm hpfmjte/ v hlhpte e~}mpte oep ~|fj`f~fep v dm+|m`bep cmjm|homp/ pm hdkftm v ~m|kftm mj hoc}jhp ~h|tmp 7 ~*mpte x}m ~h|m`m| dmyfofth| oh i}m|wh dm oh g}pt%1 èj x}m pme~ejm ho mpthlom`fk*' dmo x}m pm ~|mtmjdm mj mpth `f}dhdbh| ym| kmge| p} |hwj*Mo khp |mèkmjdhlom dm|m`be mp mo x}m i}jdh oh jm`mpf+dhd dm x}m ohp `f}dhdmp ^|eyfj*,Z pm bhoomj pfmk~|m hlhp+tm`fdhp dm oe x*Z mp ~|m`fpe ~*', p}lpfptmj*- ~*# x}m mpth mp ohp}~|mkh Omv/ v hpf x}hjde hoc}jhp ~h|tf`}oh|mp `f|`}jp+thj*##Z fjtm|yfmjmj mj mo ofl|m èkm|`fe ei|m`mj èjtfjcmj*ZZ/v oh mr~m|fmj*Z bh h`|mdfthde v èjif|khde x}m ~*,, mptmkmdfe/ pm mr~ejm k}`bhp ym`mp mo ~}lofè `h|m`m| ~h+dm`m| mp`h`mp/ jm`mpfdhd/ mj mptm `hpe èke x}m pel|mtede ~|myhom`m oh |hwj/ dm x}m pfmk~|m pm bhoom ~|eyfpte/~*,, x}m dm et|e kede p}i|f|h oep khomp dm oh jm`mpfdhd/ vp}p ihthomp èjpmx}mj*ZZ 7 mjtej`mp ~}mp mp ~m|kftfde/ v h}jdm jm`mpfdhd èjymjfmjtm pm mpthlomp`hj oep hpfmjtep e èj+

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27/623

3 +elofch`*,, x*# èjt|hoom mo Hpmjtfpth oh pmc}|fdhd dm x}mje om ihotm oe ~|mpfpe/ h}jx}m pmh hèpth dm hx}mooep ~m|g}f+`fep/ x}m pej èjpmx}mjtmp/ ~m|e pfmk~|m fjim|fe|mp h Fifpx}m ~|ed}`f|h oh tetho ihoth*Pmjthde mpte èke fjèjtmrthlom x}fmj tmjd| i|mjtm ~*'hyhjwh|/ x}m mj mpth `f}dhd èj`}||m jfjgfkh dm hx}moohp`f|`}j*pthj*ZZ x}m pej lhpthjtmp ~*Z h}tbe|fwh| mo èjt|htedm }j Hpmjtfpth5 Hoh ym|dhd x*, mo ~|e`}|hde| g}wch jebhl| tmkm|fdhd x}m pm h||egm mptm mrt|mke/ ~% x% èke~ed|h e`}oth| oh mr~m|fmj*- x}m mo hje ~|rfke ~hphde h`h+lh dm te`h| tede mo ~}mloe5 Mo i}m mo khp `hohkftepe x}mbhj èje`fde oep dm mpth/ ~|eyfj*## jh`fdep v h}j dm x}m~ed|h èjpm|yh|pm t|hdf`fj7 }jh pm`h thj dfohthdh x}mje tmjfh mrmk~oh| mj mpthp ~h|tmp/ mptm|fofwe oep `hk~ep/ dmie|kh x}m ihotep oep chjhdep dm hc}hp v ~hptep pm ymfhj~e[ohdep peoe dm hjfkhomp k}m|tep/ yf`tfkh dm hx}mooh jm+`mpfdhd*V x}hjde ~*#Z mo lmjmif`fe dm oh oo}yfh mk~mwhlh h |m`fyf|j}mpt|h mp~m|hjwh dmo |mkmdfe dm thjtep khomp/ hèkmtfdepoep ~hptep ~e| oh ~ohch dm oh Ohjcepth/ leoyfm|ej dmpt|}f|+pm/ dm kede x}m je x}mde mj mpth g}|fpdf`* hjfkho/ x}m je ~m|m`fmpm x}m ~*Z phoyh|pm je om i}mpm ~|m`fpe hlhjde+jh| p} jhtfye p}moe/ v phof|pm hx}mooep |mtf|hdep `hk~ep/ dejdm ~*#, p} dfpthj*' pft}h`*,,Z je pm bf`fm|ej pmj`flompjf oep mim`tep dm oh pm`h jf dm oh Ohjcepth x}mdhjde hlpe+o}thk*'Z dmp~elohdhp tedhp ohp Bh`fmjdhp dm mpth g}|fpdf`+`fj*Dmp~}p dm mpte x}m ~*,, jete|fe v |mpfmjtm |momyh ho ^|e+`}|hde| c*### dm ~|}mlh/ ~h|m`m|h x}fmj je b}lfmpm mr~m|f+kmjthde oe èjt|h|fe/ x}m mpth `f}dhd pm bhooh|oh mj hoc}jedm hx}mooep `hpep x}m ~ed|fhj i}jdh| |hwj ~*' myfth| ~e|mo tm|kfje dm }j elofchde oh èjtfjcmj*' dm x}m }j ~}mloeèke mptm mr~m|fkmjthpm jm`mpfdhd/ ~*# x}m x}fmj x*' je oeb}yfmpm yfpte/ pm ~m|p}hdf|oh/ x}m bhyfmjde x}mdhde hlpeo}+thk*#Z dfp~elohdhp ohp bh`fmjdhp dm mpth g}|fdf`* je pmbh|fh mpth èjtfjcmj*' `mjpflom/ ~|ed}`fmjde }jh mp`h`mw5Pfj mklh|ce tedh oh `f}dhd/ dm x}m je peoe je mr~m|fkmjte

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28/623

2 oh khve| `hohkfdhd/ ~% x*Z èjd}`fdep oep chjhdep dm hx}m+ooep tm||mjep/ dejdm bhyfhj |mtf|hde/ x}m pej khp i|tfomp*v hl}jdhjtmp/ x}m oep mj x}m pm bhoohj m|mcfdhp ohp mpthj+`fhp dm mpth g}|fpdf`*,, pm mjèjt|hlh mj }j mpthde/ x}mj}j`h oe ofhyfh tmjfde/ g oh ~|eyfpfj ho ~}mloe pm oec|hlhymjthgephk*'ZMpth `mjpfooh *v jete|fh |moh`* dm oep bm`bep x}m h`hlhjdm ~hph| khjfitmpthj dm }j kede x}m je ~}mdm |mye`h|pmmj d}dh x}m mj mpth `f}dhd je èj`}||m/ jf mj mo e|dmj |m+c}oh| ~}mdm dh|pm jm`mpfdhd/ x}m h}tbe|fwm }j èjt|hte dmelofch`* mrò}pfye dm oh ofym|thd dmo @ekm|`fe èjie|km oep ~|fj`f~fep cmjm|homp/ v h}tbe|fdhd dm ohp Omvmp/ pel|mx}m ~edfh dfohth|pm 1 ~m|e pfmjde mpte eyfe v èjp}othjde ohkhve| l|mymdhd/ ~% je `hjph| oh htmj`* dm Y* P* ~hph|h t|hth| mo tm|`m| ~}jte*

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29/623

+ 6 +g}f`fe dm mpthlom`m| ~|m`fe h oep Bh`mjdhdep ~*, oh ymjth dmp}p chjhd*# fk~mdf|oep ~% mo hpfmjte dm x}m ~% pf oep èj*d}wchj ~*, mo hlhpte dm mpth `f}dhd i}m|h dm pm| èjt|h|feh ohp Omvmp/ mp dmkp è}pfdm|h`%, dm oh x}m ei|m`m oh ~|f+km|h fdmh/ ~e| x}m pfmjde jete|fe/ x}m je tfmjmj et|e el+gmte dm khve| ymjthgh/ x*Z mptm/ pm omp x}fth ~*' mjt|mch|oetede }j peoe fjdfyfd}e/ x}m |m~e|th|h ohp }tfofdhdmp/ x}mmj ohp ~|mpmjtmp `f|`}jpthj*Z ~}mdmj |m~h|tf|pm mjt|m tedepoep x*Z x}fm|hj mk~|mbmjdm| mptm t|hte*Oep Bh`mjdhdep mj mpth g}|fpdf``fj mr`m~*,## dm hoc}+jep ~eèp/ x}m tfmjmj thklfj et|ep cf|ep/ mpthlom`fkZ,'pej }jep ~el|mp bekl|mp/ pfj khp h|lft|fe/ jf kede dmyfyf|/ x}m mo x}m omp dh mo ~|ed}`t: dm p}p bh`fmjdhp 7 pf pmhdkftfmpm }j Hpmjdfpth/ mptm m|h k}v |mc}oh|/ x}m ~,, ohpèjmrfejmp v ih`}othdmp x}m pej ~|e~|fhp dm oep khp hè+kedhdep/ ~|mif|fmpm mptep x}mdhjde oep khp jm`mpfthdep/je peoe fk~epflfofthdep dm ph`h| i|}te hoc}je/ pfje thk+lfj hlhjdejhdep oh }otfkh kfpm|fh* ê| x}m pf ~,, }jh~- je omp èk~|hlh mo Hpmjtfpth/ v ~,Z et|h pm omp ~|ebfyfh~edm| èjd}`f| dm p} `}mjth mo chjhde ~Z mo hlhpte/ x}m|m`}|pe pm omp dmghlh mptep fjimof`mp5 jfjc}je oh ym|+dhd kmjep x}m tekh|mj mo dm ymjdm| ho Hpmjdfpth p}pChjhdep ~e| k}`be kmjep x}m oep 8< ||Z ~,, x}m je t|hvmjdeet|e h|lft|fe ho fjimofw/ v pfmjde k}v |mc}oh|/ x}m x}fmjje d}dh ~|mtmjdm| mpt|m`bh| ho èkj oep t|kfjep dmthj edfepe v ~m|g}df`fho hpfmjte/ p}~fmpm ~ejm| mj keyf+k'''/ v mrm`}` mptep v et|ep kmdfep/ ~Z ~|e~e|`fejh|pm p}khve| }tfofdhd/ mp èjpfc}fmjtm pm mr~m|fkmjthpm/ mptmdhe mj h}kmjte dmo Hpmjdfpth/ v mj ph`|fif`fe dm }jepfjimof`mp/ `}vh ~|etm`* |mèkfmjdhj ohp Omvmp/ oh b}+khjfdhd v mo fjtm|p dm mpth `f}dhd v ^|eyfj`fh/ ~e|x}m pf pm omp èjd}`m h khve| fjdfcmj- x}m oh x}m bevp}i|mj/ v èje`fmjde èj oh mr~m|fmj' x}m p} mrm|`fpfe jeomp ~|ed}`m ~' p} p}lpfptmjZ oe hlhjdejhj/ x'# v x}hjèjpfdm|hlomp pm|fhj oep ~m|g}f`fep x' pm pmc}f|hj5 Pm h`h+lh|hj dm fj}jdh| mpthp `hk~hjhp dm cmjtmp/ mjt|mchdhp hoep |elep v dmpe|dmjmp/ x}m fjd}`m oh jm`mpfdhd* Oh `|hdm oep chjhdep pm kmjep `hlh|h v x}m dh|h mpth `f}dhd v^|eyfjZ pfj mo jfè i|}te/ x}m yfj`}oh p} èkm|`fe/ v p}l+pfptmj*' v mj }jh ~hohl|h/ oomch|h p} èoke oh fjimdfofdhdBev x}hjde pm te`h mptm mrt|mke ~,, x'' ~,, x, ohp p}`mpfyhp


30/623

+ 8> +***** pm`hp/ x}m pm ofhj mr~m|fkmjthde mj yh|fep hep/ v

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31/623

88 k}v |h`fejho fjdfyfd}ho `ho`}oe ph`h|oh dm }tfofdhd/khp dm e`bmjth kfo ~Z hjj}homp/ v x}m |hwj ~}mdm fjèj+t|h|pm ~' x}fth| mpth }tfofdhd/ x}m pm |m~h|tm mjt|m thjtefjimofw/ x}m pm mk~omh mj mpte/ v x}m cf|h|h mj mo ~}mloe/~# dh|oh D @m`fofe Pj`bmw/ v et|ep ~eèp x}m pm bhj~|e~}mpte ej|fx}mwm|pm/ v htbmpe|h| èpth dm oh kfpm|fhdm thjte ~el|m/ v dmo èkj/ ~e| peoe mo è|te t|hlhge dmbh`m| mo dmp`}l|fk*', dm }j ~|evm`te/ x}m ohp ~m|pejhppmjphthp pm hym|cejwh|hj/ h}j dm xZ omp b}yfm|m ymjfde hoh kmke|, tho ei|m`fk'5 ê| x}m èke pm ~ed|h mp~m|h|/jf pm Tm|fh x}m mo Hpmjtfpth èj`}||fmpm èke oe bh`mj oepHlhptm`mde|mp oh p}lpfptmjZ dm yh|fhp ihkfofhp/ x}m yfymj p}p mr~mjphp/ vh ~,, oep yj`}oep dmo ~h|mjtmpè/ dm ohhkfpthd/ dm oh `h|fdhd5 Mp èjpthjtm v jete|fe/ x}m pfmj+de `h|h`tm|ptfè mj mpthp cmjtmp oh cmjm|epfdhd/ èj peoee``}||| oep Khthdm|ep oep ~el|mp x}m tfmjmj kmdfe |mho~' èk~|h| `h|jm/ hoof pm omp p}lkfjfpt|h pfj jtm|mp hoc}jeoe p}if`fmjtm ~' p}lpfptf|1 dm p}m|tm x}m mo peoe ~m|g}f`fex}m |mp}oth|h ~,, mptm tm|kfje/ mp dm thjte l}ote x}m pm~|mpmjth pfj khp mrhkmj dm }j kede x}m je ~ed|h kmjepx}m ~mjmt|h| oh b}khjfdhd dm Y* P* bth hle||m`m| tede~|evm`te dm Hlhptm`mde|/ê| et|h ~- x}fmj ~}mdm d}dh| dm x}m mo Hpmjtfpthmk~omh|h peoe oh k}v jm`mph|fh cmjtm ~' p} khjmge/ p}gm+tjdeoep }j p}mode x}m h`hpe }e omp ~|e~e|`fejh|h p}p}lpfptmjZ v x}m oep dmkp x}m bhj yfyfde dm mpte/ x}mdh+|hj hlhjdejhdep/ v je pfmjde i`fo pm p}gmthpmj et|epkfjfptm|fep/ pm mjt|mch|hj ho |ele/ v ho dmpe|dmj/ v mo`}fdhde dm oep khcfpt|hdep df`m }j `moml|m I|hj`p/ bh dmpm| khp dm~|mymjf| oep dmoftep/ mrm|`fthjde oep `f}dhdhjep~' h~h|th|oep/ dm oep x}m cmjm|hok'Z ~|ed}`m oh jdfcmj#mj x}m ~,, dmim`te dm p} wmoe p}momj `hm|/ x}m ~' `hptfch|oep*

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83 J* < \mho @d}oh pel|m mo Hlhpte dm oh @h|jm x}m peof`fte ~ejm|D* Wfwfofe Pj`bmw*

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Mo \mv@ej`mge/ G}ptf`fh v \mcfkfmjte dm oh K}v Jelom/ v K}Omho @f}dhd dm L}mjep Hv|mp* Mj X}fj`m dm Pm~tfmkl|m

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86 ~ho ~}jte x}m pm dmyfe t|hth|/ v dmpmhjde tmjch `}j~ofdemim`te/ v x}m mptm èkj je mp~m|fkmjtm oh mp`h`mp x}mbhpth dm ~|mpmjtm v hjtmp dm tekh| oh |mpeo}`fj x}m pm|h~|mpfph/ je èjpmc}fde dofe ifj dm p}cmth| mo hlhpte dm ohp`h|jmp yjh elofchpfej ~h|tf`}oh| èj ohp hk~ofh`fejmpè||mp~ejdfmjtmp/ ~h|h p} ~m|khjmj`fh v pmc}|fdhd7 B+chpm phym| ~e| yhjde x}m pm ~}lofx}m mj oep pftfep hèp+t}kl|hdep x}m mo H~edm|hde C|ho dm H`mjdhdep dm `hdh^h|tfde v oep dep Df~}thdep jekl|hdep ie|kmj mj motm|kfje dm ymfjtm dfhp/ x}m dmym|hj è||m| v èjth|pmdmpdm m_ dm oh |mim|fdh ~}lof`h`fj }j mpthde dmo j}km|edm H`mjdhdep v dm oep chjhdep x}m ~eè khp kmjepkhjtfmjmj/ v pm ~ejch mj kf Pm`|mth|fh dm @kh|h7 X}moep ifmomp mrm`}te|mp x}m oe bhj pfde mj mo hje ~|rfke hj+tm|fe| ie|kmj dm h`}m|de }jh |moh`fj mpthde dmo j}km|edm \mpmp x}m mj `hdh }j kmp pm bhj èjp}kfde ~eè khp kmjep/ v ~|mp}~}mpthp mpthp dep jetf`fhp x}hjde pm tmkhhoc}jh mp`hpmp mpth|hj elofchdep tedep oep H`mjdhdep mj+`hymwhdep dh| `hdh }je ~|e~e|`fj dmo j}km|e dm p}pchjhdep oep èk~|hde|mp dm \mpmp ohp è||mp~ejdfmjtmpx}m pm omp |mc}ohpmj v ho ~|m`fe x}m otfkhkmjtm pm bh+oohj thphdhp7 X}m dmo j}km|e dm khthjpm|ep èj~|hde+|mp dm |mpmp #x}m pm mrm|`fthj mj mptm t|hcfj pm ie|kmj `fj+è ~h|tfdhp/ èj |mp~m`te oep `fjè ~h|tfdep dm oh G}|fp+dfp*,,, ~h|h x}m oh ~|fkm|h e`}||h ho Dm~h|thkmjte khp ~|+rfke èjd}`f| ohp \mpmp x}m pm |mc}omj ~h|h mo hlhpte/dm }je/ dep/ t|mp dfhp/ dmjt|e dmo tm|kfje x}m pm omp Pm+ompm èj h~m|`myfk*', x}m pf pm omp g}ptfif`h bhym|pm dm+ke|hde pfj `h}ph omcftfkh ~e| khof`fh/ èke |mc}oh|+kmjtm mj e`hpfejmp dm mp`hpmp p}momj bhpm|oe/ pm omp fk~ej+d|j ohp è||mp~ejdfmjtmp ~mjhp v pm omp `hptfch|h èkeèfTmp~ejdh 7 X}m mj mptep kfpkep t|kfjep phochj ohp dm+khp ^h|tfdhp `hdh }jh ho ^h|tfde dm p} dmptfje dm kedex}m x}hjde pm bhoom hlhptm`fdh oh @f}*Z èj \mpmp dmo ~|f+km|e ^h|tfde/ dep t|mp dhp vh hjtmp x}m pm mr~m|fkmjtmmo òhke| dmo ^}mloe mptm ~|eymdh/ èj ohp dmo Pmc}jde/v hpf bhpth mo }otfke/ kfmjt|hp ~% et|h ~h|tm pm dhj ~|e+yfdmj`fhp ~h|h ph`h| chjhdep dm oe fjtm|fe| dm oep @hk~ep mim`te dm x}m oep H`mjdhdep omp pmh kmjep c|hyeph ohèjt|fl}pfe ~|m`fph 7 V pfmjde mptep kmdfep mj mo p}~}mptedm oh ]|cmj`fh thj jmpmph|fep x}m mrò}fmj tede mp`|~}oe


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+ +dm yfeomj`fh/ ~e| x* mj pmkmghjtmp `hpep mo lfmj ~}lofèlhpm `mdm| oep d|ep dm tede ~h|tf`}oh|/ jf oep d}mep dmmpthj`fhp tfmjmj omcftfkh m`m~`fej ~h|h mp`}ph|pm ymjdm|oep chjhdep #x*, ~h|h }jh ~|ejth ~|eyf`fej pm jm`mpftmj/ jfoep khthjpm|ep v èjr&|hde|mp ~h|h dmgh| dm e`}||f| ho dmp+tfje x}m pm omp pmhom v dmyfmjde mpth| ho `}fdhde dm p}elpm|yhj`fh v `}k~ofkfmjte ho `h|ce dm oep momp mrm`}te+|mp/ èke ~m|pejhp df~}thdhp/ v pmhohdhp ~e| oh `f}dhd mj`}e `moe v yfcfohj`fh dmp`h|ch p} ~|fj`f~ho elofchpfej v|mp~ejphyfofdhd/ ym|fif`hde x}m pmh mo x}m mo H~edm|hdec|ho dm H`mjdhdep dm `hdh ^h|tfde g oep dep Df~}thdepjekl|hdep lhfhj ~|mpmjthde èj oep ifmomp mrm`}te|mp/ oep~ohjep |moh`fejmp x}m x}mdhj |mim|fdep pm omp mjt|mch|hjx}mdhjde è~fh mj dbh kf Pm`|mth|fh dm `kh|h èj tmptf+kejfe dm mpth ^|eyfdmj`fh v ~h|h x}m je pm ~}mdh ~|mtmpth|/ketfye/ jf i}jdhkmjte hoc}je/ v pm tekmj ~e| mptm p}~m+|fe| Ceyfm|je ohp ~|eyfdmj`fhp èjymjfmjtmp èjt|h oep èj+t|hymjte|mp v hthgh| oep dhep x}m ~}mdhj e|fcfjh|pm/ ym|fif+`hdh oh mp`hpmp dm `h|jmp/ hpf ~e| kmdfe dm }j hlhpte ~h|+tf`}oh| èke ~e| oep dmkp x}m ~h|mp`hj èjymjfmjtmp vtmjfmjde ~|mpmjtm mo @hyfode `moml|hde ~e| mpth `f}dhd mj~|fkm|e dm Pm~tfmkl|m èj oe fjie|khde hjtm|fe|k%, ~e| p}^|e`}|hde| Pfjdfè D/,, Kh|èp Gep dm Afcfep mj p} |mp+~}mpth dm t|mfjth v }je dm Hc% dmo he ~|rfke ~hphde/v oe x}m pm mr~ejm ~e| mo Hlechde ifp`ho/ pm h~|}mlh ohG}jth x}m oep H`mjdhdep `moml|h|ej mj dep dm Df`fmkl|mdmo he ~hphde dm Pmtt*Z pmtmjth v `fjè ~h|h x}m ie|khof+whde mo c|mkfe dm H`mjdhdep/ v ceym|jhde ~e| ohp |mcohpx}m mpthlompmj oep @h~t}oep mj mooh èjtmjfdep ~}mdh ih`f+ofth| oh |m~h|hpfej g p}``mpfye fj`|mkmjte dm oep chjhdepx}m pej mo yfj`}oe ~|ho dm oh p}lpfptmj`fh dm mpth @f}*'Z vp} @ekm|`fe1 v ~*' tekh| ~|eyfd*Z pel|m oh peof`ft}d dmo~|m`fthde `hyfode dm ~|fkm|e dm Dfw% mj x* pm ~|mtmjdm pmh~|}mymj oep dmkp kmdfep v h|lft|fep ~|e~}mptep ~e| mo^|e`}|hde| Pfjdfè mj oh pel|m dbh |mp~}mpth v oh x}m ~|e+d}ge mj oh èjp}oth pel|m oh èjymjfmj`fh dfpèjymjfmj+`fh dmo @ekm|`fe dm ^fmomp dm Vmc}hp/ `hyhooep v tm|jm|epjejhtep x* è||mj mj mr~mdfmjtm pm~h|hde/ |mp~m`te h x*'mptep je pej khp x*'# }jep p}~omk*',Z dm oep x* èj~|mbmjdmoh G}jth dm H`mjdhdep dm t|mfjth dm ZKhve dm dbe hje dmpmtmjth v `fjè/ v èj oep x}m ~|ekmtm mo `hyfode hpmc}|h|


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+pf+khp lfmj oh hl}jdhj`fh dm chjhdep ~h|h x*, je pm ~htomp`hmp`hpmp dm mooep mj oe p}l`mpfye v htmjdfmjde h oe x*' hpfkfpke fj#e~ejm dbe Hlei|hde ifp`ho/ ~h|h oh khp òh|h fjtm+ofcmj`fh dm oep ~|m`fthdep kmdfep mpècothdep ~e| mo Pfjdf+è ^|e`}|hde| v p} khp i`fo èjlfjhpfej èj oep èjtmjf+dep mj dbh G}jth dm t|mfjth dm Khoe dm Pmtmjth v `fjè mjoh ~h|tm "f*'# pm kedfif`hj/ hk~ohj |mpt|fjcmj v mp~of`hjmptep ~e| hx}mooep i|kmpm èj oh ~epflom y|mlmdhd ~e| momr~|mphde @hy*## h~|mpmj`fh dm }jep v et|ep mr~mdfmjtmp"x*' ~h|h mptm mim`te è||hj yhge yjh `}m|dh& }j h||mcoh+

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+ * Pfj `hthoech|&*

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+ dm Hcepte dm 832< ; G}hj Gep dm lh|dmj ;; P,' DGhfkm Yfhkejtm7Mp è~fh dm p} e|fcfjho* Lhoè|`m

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"82 dm Pm~tfmkl|m dm 832


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+pe+~e| mo \* ^* ^|mim`te dmo Bep~ftho Lmtofmkftfè v ~e| D*##ZKhff*# Med|fc*Z doh Ymch/ mj |hpej dmo Tm||fte|fe ~m|tmj*',h dofe* Bep~*# x* ~|mtmjdm pmom ymjdh ~*Z è||hoomp dmo ch+jhde dm Hlhpte èjew`h oh fk~epflfofdhd dm p} `mpfj ~%mpth| him`tep @h~moohjhp7 mj `jfe èj`m~te peof`fth|et|e x* pmh h~|e~epfte ~*Z mo mim`te/ v x/' je mptm omrftf+khk%Z fk~mdfde/ }phjde ~*Z mooe doep kmdfep mpthlom`fdep~h|h mptep `hpep |mp~m`te dm mptm Ceyfm|je*

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0< dh| x/Z `}k~oh èj oe khjdhde* Thklfj dmym |m~|mpmjth| Y* P* x*Z pfmjde mo jmce`fe Dm Khwfmo/ }je Dm hx}mooepmj x*' pm dmym `moh| èj mif`hwfh hpf ~e|x}m je pm khtmjchjhdep p}~m|io} hkmjt èke ~e| x}m je pm bhchj kh+thjwh dm Lh`hp/ jf dm @hymwhp |elhdhp pfj kh|`h/ g ifjho+kmjtm ~e| myfth| tede i|h}dm mj oh èl|hjwh Dm oh èj+t|fl}`fj/ pfmjde èjpthjtm/ x}moh dfpthj`fh fk~fdm/ x}m~e| mo Ifmo mrm`}te|/ v ~e| mpthp g}ptf`fhp pm ~}mdh ~ejm| tede |m~h|e* Om bh ~h|m`fde mpmj`fho/ x}m oh fjtm|ymj`fjDmmo Ifmo mrm`}te| pm |mi}jdh mj mo Ho`hodm Doh PhjthBm|khjdhd Doh @eoejfh/ v Dm èjie|kfdhd/ x}m je pm~}mdh khth| |mp hoc}jh pfj p} ~|myfh jetf`fh/ v x}m mptmelpm|ym fg}jt}hokmjtm x}hjthp |mcohp pmom ~|mp`|fyhj mo`hpe/ ~}mp dmpdm o}mce om jekl|h ~e| p} @ekfpfejhde/ èjmo pmhohkfmjte Dm}j dfmw ~e| `fmjte ~e| p} t|hlhge/ p}+~of`hjde oh yejdhd Dm V* P* pm dfcjm dh|om ~e| p} ~h|tm~h|h x}m `}k~oh ~|m`fphkmjtm èj mpth @ekfpfj mjx}mmo ~}lofè pm fjtm|mph/ v x}m tmjch p} è||mp~ejdfmj`fh pe+l|m mo ~h|tf`}oh| èj mo Ifmo mrm`}te|/ x}fmj mpt èj+ifhdh oh h`}k}ohtfyh G}|fpdf``fj mj khtm|fh dm Hlhptepmp~m|h x}m mo `moe Dm Y* P* ~e| mo lfmj dmo ~}lofè pm pm|yf+| hdbm|f| hoe mr~}mpte x}m pm bh èjpfdm|hde g}pte* Phoh@h~ft}oh| v Jeyfmkl|m e`be Dmkfo pmtm`fmjtep e`bmjth vpmf ; Gepmi Dm Chfjwh ; Khj}mo Hjtejfe Sh|jmpZ; Kf+c}mo Khjpfooh ;; Lmjfte Cejwomw \flhdhlfh ;; ^md|e Dfhwdm Yfyh| ;; @|fptlho Dm Hc}f||m ; Dekfjce dm Fch|whlho; Khj}mo dmo @m||e Phmjw ; I|hj`fpè Rhyfm| @h|yhgho*

J* 80 Dm`|mte dmo celm|jhde| fjtmjdmjtm/ mj x}m pm mpthlom`m moc|hyhkmj x}m dmlm fk~ejm|pm ho kmj`fejhde Kh`fmo*"


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+ 00 +khth| df`bep Chjhdep/ v t|hbm|oep mpth @h~ftho ~h|h p}hlhpte/ h~|eyhjdepm mo jekl|hkfmjte x}m ~e| mo kfpkehyfode pm ofhwm Dm @ekfpfejhde mj mo Ho`hodm Doh PhjthBm|khjdhd Dm hx}mooh ôhwh ~h|h x}m è||h èj oep mj+`h|cep/ x}m pmom bhchj ~e| mo @hyfode/ v mr~|mph mj m}Fjie|km/ dmyfmjde |mkft|pmom }j Ofl|e ieofhde/ v |}l|f+`hde ~e| oep Ye`homp Doh G}jth K}jf`f~ho dm ^|e~|fep/~h|h x}m pfmjtm mjmo/ mo j}km|e Dm @hlmwhp Dm Chjhde/x}m pm lhvhj khthjde/ v pm pm~h oh `hjtfdhd x}m hp`fmjdhoh èjt|fl}`fj Dmmo kmdfe |mho |mim|fde/ `}vh `}mjth èjm_ @h}dho/ x}m bhvh dmyfde ~m|`fyf| oh ~hph|h df`bhG}jth mj mo kmp dm Mjm|e pfc}fmjtm/ ho dmmo he mj x}mb}yfmpm m`be oh èl|hjwh v |mkthpm mptm mr~mdfmjtm hoK* F* @* ~h|h x}m èj h||mcoe hohp ~|eyfdmj`fhp x}m mj mopm bhj tekhde dfp~ejch pm `}k~ohj mj tedhp p}p ~h|tmp~e| mo kmj`fejhde Khwmo/ elofchjde mptm/ x}m èj fj+tm|ymj`fj dmo Ifmo mrm`}te| pm lmjdh mjmpth @f}dhd/ lhreoep ~|m`fep è||fmjtmp tedh oh `h|jm I|mp`h/ pmle/ v c|hph/x}m ~|ed}w`hj oep Jeyfooep/ x}m pm khtmj mjoep mr~|mphdep@e||homp/ fk~fdfmjde hlpeo}thkmjtm oh dm Lh`hp/ v bh`fmj+de x}m pm elpm|ymj ohp e|dmjmp x}m |m~mtfdhkmjtm pm tfmjmjdhdhp mj khtm|fh dmo Chjhdep/ `}ve ifj èk}jf`h| ho`fthde @ekfpfejhde tedhp ohp x}m èj`m~t} e~e|t}jhpx}mdhjde mo @hyfode èj oh elofch`fj Dm dmyeolm| df`bemr~mdfmjtm mptm Ceyfm|je fjkmdfhthkmjtm x}m myhx}m oep~}jtep x}m lhj mr~}mptep ; Phjw ; D|* Yf`mjtm Ch|dhC|hjdm/ v @|dmjhp ; ^|eymv v |k mo hjtm`mdmjtmH}te mo P*,,, Cey*#Z Fjtmjdmjtm Dmmpth ~|eyfj`fh èj df`th+kmj Dm p} Tbmjfmjtm Hpmpe| x*' thklfj if|k mj L}mjepHv|mp ymfjtm v dep Dm Mjm|e Dmkfo pmtm`fmjtep e`bmjthv pfmtm* Hjtmkf Gepmi O}fp Chb|ho*

Omchofwh`fj dmo mr~mdfmjtm

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^}LO* Pm`* Bfpt* T* FY #


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04 K}jf`f~ho dm ^|e~|fep dev oh ~|mpmjtm mj L}mjep Hv|mp pmfp dm Kh|we dmkfo Pmtm`fmjtep e`bmjth g pfmtm ;Mjtmptfk*, Dm Ym|dhd

Lohp Whke|hjeMpp*, dm P* K*'*

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0= +ph|fep ~h|h dmpmk~mh| p} elofch`fj/ ~m|e mj mo dh om~m|g}df`hde mptm H|lft|fe ~e| x}m mo F* @hy*'Zkm x}h|th be|h dm ~|ejte hdg}df`jdepm ~h|hpf tedh mjt|hdh dm Chj dmo @hk~e èj mo ifjdm `}l|f|pm dm oh dejh`fj dm depm kfo ~mpep dmyfmjdepm~|mymjf| x}m pfj ofhym|pm yhofde mo F* @h dm mptmmi}cfe hjtm|fe|k*#' pm bhoohj V mjtm|hdep mo bth* pmfpkfo v kp ~mpep x}m ~e| kfp hjtm`mpe|mp v ~e| kf hjj}ho+k*'' b ~m|`fyfde ei|m`fjdepm ~h|h mj oe p}l`mpfye c|hym~m|g}f`fe mptm C|mkfe dm Bhwmjdhdep hje lhom|pm dmet|e h|lft|fe x}m pmh kmjep ~m|g}df`fho ho hlhpte ~}lofè~e| mo dmpe|dmj thj c|hjdm x}m t|hlmj mpthp of`mj`fhp dmo`hk~e ~e| oe x}m ; H Y/ P* ~fde v p}~ofè pm dfcjm ~m|+kftf|km bh ~|mpmjtm mpte kfpke ho C|mkfe dmBhwmjdhdep mj hx}mo t~e* x}m km pmh khp e~e|t}je/ v pfmp ~epflom x*Z mptm |mim|fde C|mkfe jekl|m mj mo h`te et|eH~ed* e h|lft|m oe x}m t}lfm|m ~e| èklmjfmjtm P|m* mo~h|tf`}oh| x}m mp g}ptf`fh x}m ~fde v ~h|h mooe )' G}hjRfk`j`w ; L}mjep Hf|mp 8= dm Dfw*,' dm 8323*Dm`|mte dmo celm|jhde| fjtmjdmjtm ~h|h x}m h`|mdftm oh ~m|pejm|h

^|mpmjtjdepm ~e| D* G}hj Rfkmjmw è~fh dmo êdm| x*'pm om èjif|f ~e| oep Bhwmjdhdep ho H~edm|hde ~|e~fmth|feèj et|h dm oh p}lptft}`fj x}m hptm oe bfwe v dm oh h`m~*,,x}m mp |mc}oh| ete|chpm Rfkmjmp èke thklfj dmo De`}k*'''| oh ~|eyfd*' x}m è||mp~ejdh ; Phjw ; L}mjep Hf|mp vDfw*Z dm 8323*Dm`|mte dmo celm|jhde| fjtmjdmjtm h``mdfmjde ho ~mdfde dmo h~edm|hde

Kmjdfhjtm hx}m D* G}hj Rfkmjmw mrm|`mohp ih`}o+thdmp dm H~ed* dm oep Bhw*,',# dm mpth G}|fpd*# mj y|d*dm oh pelptft}`fej x}m om bfwe* D* @omkmjtm O~mw "df+i}jte& dmo êdm| x}m h mptm èjif|fm|ej hx}mooep je ei|m+`fjdepm h mptm Cey*,, Fjtmjd*# |m~h|e hoc}je mjx}m dbe*Rfkmjmw ~ejch mj mrm`}`fej oh dfofc*# x}m mj}j`fh mjp} Kmk*# ~|mpmjthde mj 8= dmo è||*Z ~ed|h ~|h`tf`h|ohmj oep t|kfjep x}m oe peof`fth h `}fe ifj pm om mjt|mch|


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09 mptm mr~%Z ph`jdepm `m|tfi*, dm dofe* Kmk*# mptm Dm`|mtev p} hjt*,,, ~*' oep mim`tep x*Z `ejlmjchj ; Phjw*Mp `e~fh dm p} e|fcfjho* Lhoomptm|e*J*', 8= @e~fh dmo fjie|km x* mo Ifm( Mrm`}te| bfwe mo P*,,, Cey*,,,

Fjtm|fje pel|m yh|fep hp}jtep |mohtfyep h chjhdep/ kh|`hp v`}m|ep*"80 dm Df`fmkl|m dm 83P


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+ 03 +o}h}d fk~ejm|omp hoep èjt|hymjte|mp hp}p |dmjmp x}mmjmptm ~h|tf`}oh| khjd ~}lof`h|* Hpf kfpke mpt khj+dhde ~% mo Mr*,,' Pme| Yf||mv mjmo hje ~hphde dm Kfo pmtm+`fmjtep pmtmjth v j}mym/ ~e| Fjie|km x}m ~fdf dmo Fot*'@hy*Z ~|mp`|flfmjde ohp |mcohp x}m hjdm elpm|yh| oep Bh+`mjdhdep ~h|h oh èj`m|yh`fej v p}lpfptmj`fh dmmo Hlhptev @}m|ep ~h|h mo @ekm|`fe1 pfj x}mpmh mj~m|g}f`fe dm}jep/ jfdm et|ep* ; otfkhkmjtm Pme|/ Y* P*' phlm kmge|x}m mo Ifmo Mrm`}te| oh ~|ebfyf`fej x}m ~e| P} Khc*' v|m~mtfdep Yhjdep hv/ ~h|h x}m jepm khtmj Lh`hp1 `}vedmpe|dmj x}m ho ~|mpmjtm hv mj oh @hk~hh/ bh`m tmkm|ihotm h}j oh p}lpfptmj`fh ~|mpfph dm Jeyfooep ~h|h mo Hlhp+te/ dfcje doh htmj`fj dm Y* P*Z*

Mjmptm mpthde bhl| ~eèp Kmpmp oep Bh`mjdhdep mjG}jth x}m `moml|h|ej |mie|kh|ej mo êdm| x}m tmjhj èj+im|fde mj D*## ^md|e @bhymp/ v jejl|h|ej ho Ph|cmjteKhve| |mie|khde D*,, @omkmjtm O~mw dm Eppe|jfe/ djde+om ih`}othd ~h|h ~edm|oe pelptft}f|oe/ èke oe mrm`}te èjh~|eyh`fej dmo K* Fot*Z @hy*'', mj D* G}hj Rfkmjmw*

@eke èj`}||h mjmo H`t}ho Ifmo Mrm`}te| mo dmpmedmmo khve| lmjmif`fe ~}lofè/ ~|h`tf`hde mjmo è|te Tj~e*dm p} T}ke tede hx}mooe x}m om ~h|m`fde èjymjfmjtm/ vx}m pfj km|m`m|oe oec|hde oh h~|elh`fj dm Y* P*# ê|oe kfpke/ èjtmj~ohjde ~|mpfpe v jmpmph|fe hpf ~h|h x}mpm `}j~ohj ohp |dmjmp dm P* K*Z Ohp dmo Mr*,,, Pme| Yf+||mv/ v dm Y* P*' èke hppf kfpke mo |mkmdfh| oep b}|tepv dmpt|ewep x}mpm bh`mj doep Chjhdep1 ~}pe }jh e|dmj"mj yf|t}d dmo H`}m|de `fthde dmo he dm pmtmjth v pfmtmmj x}m pmom èjif|f ih`}othd ho Ifmo Mrm`}te| ~h|h mo|mèje`fk*' dm oep @}m|ep& ho |mim|fde D* @omkmjtm O~mwèke H~edm|hde ~h|h x}m èjoep p}cmtep jekl|hdep èkeFjtmofcmjtmp mj Kh|`hp/ |mèjepfmpmj tedhp ohp @h||mthp dm@}m|ep x}m ymjchj hmpth @f}*'Z 7 X}m bhlfjdeoe ~}mpte mjMrm`}`fej/ mjt|m ohp x}m hj |mèjepfde/ mp }jh @h||mthx}m èjd}ge mo p}~of`hjtm èj `fmjte pfmtm `}m|ep1 `}vhOfpth/ Kh|`hp èje`fdhp/ ohp x}m jepm èje`mj/ oep e|mgh+jep/ v dm Lh`h/ x*' mj dbh* @h||mth yfjfm|ej/ pm bh`m kh+jfimpth`fj mj mpthp dfofcmj`fhp/ pfj khp omcftfkfdhd/ x}mmo ~hpm dmo Eif`fho dmo ^m|chkfje7 ê| oe x}m/ v dm`f|ymjfh h ymjdm| oep @}m|ep/ pm ~}pe Dm`|mte ~h|h x}m dmèj`mjtfkfmjte dmo H~edm|hde/ v p}ve/ pm ymjdfmpmj èjmo


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+ 02 khve| lmjmif`fe 1 djdeom dm Tm|kfje x}fj`m dfhp ~h|h x}mg}ptfif`hpm p} èk~|h7 V èke pm b}lfmpmj èklmjfde x}moep èj~|hpm D* \ex}m Pj`bmw/ ho ~|m`fe dm x}ht|e ||*Zv kmdfe/ "pfmjde mptm p}gmte hlejhde& èj p} \m`fye x}m+d mo Fj~e|tm mj p} ~edm|/ bhpth x}m ~hphde mo tm|kfjex}mpm om pmhoe/ je g}ptfif`jdeoe pfje mp èj oep t|mp ^h+~momp dmo A}k*, 8 h 0 ; dm mpthp dfofcmj`fhp/ mj oep x}mèjpth pm khjd ~hphpmj dmo H~edm|hde ~h|h x}m mr~}+pfmpm/ x}fmj èke h~h|m`m dmo j}k* 8 bfwe ~|mpmjtm jeh`|mdfthlhj ohp t|mp `m|tfif`h`fejmp mo |mèje`fkfmjte bm+`be1 èj oe x*' pm khjd ~hphpm mo Fk~e|tm doep `}m|epho ~edm| dmo |mim|fde H~edm|hde djdeom Pk~|m* Tk~e*~h|h x}m bf`fmpm kmge| G}ptfif`h`fj*

Omgep dm elmdm`m|/ v mp~m|hjde mjmo ^ht|j dm oh Fcompfhdm J|h* Pme|h dm Kejwh||htm/ èk~|mtmpte dm Ofkepjh/ x}mx}hjde oomc èj oh @h||mth dfge t|hbfh }jhp Choofjhp ~h|hoh Yf|cmj x}m bhlfh |mècfde dm Ofkepjh/ e`}||f| Y* P*Z df|fgfmjde mjtm|hkmjtm p} x}mrh èjt|h mo Ifmo Mrm+`}te| vjò}vmjde ~h|h mooe }jh `|mpfdh Ofkepjh vjlm|tfdhdm T|fce @}m|ep/ x}m mjmo ~|fj`f~fe bhlfh pfde ~ohthp}vh7 V èke mp |mc}oh| ~m|khjmp`h mjmo dbe ^ht|j dmKejwh||htm oh dmjmch`fj hoh peof`ft}d x}m h tmjfde mjmohe ~hphde dm e`bmjth "X}m mpt}lm mrm|`fmjde mptm kfp+ke G}wchde& * V mjmptm ~|mpmjtm/ dmx}m dfmpm Of`mj`fh ~h|hkhth| }jhp Lh`hp x}m om dhlhj dm Ofkepjh/ ~h|h bh`m|oh Te||m/ v @hk~hjhp dm dbh Fcomppfh1 mp ~|mp}kflomhppf ~e| oe dbe/ èke ~e| oh peof`ft}d x}m tmjfde mjmoFjie|km/ pmh mptm x}fmj bfwe mo Kmke|fho ~|fkm|e ~h|h e`}+||f| Y* PZ v mo Pmc*Z x}m |m`fy ev hkhp dohp dfmw vkmdfh dmo Dfh/ mjmo x}m Y* P* khjdhd mo Fjie|km mjmokfpke*^h|h kmge| Fjie|kh| V* P*Z mjmo Dh x}m |m`fyf p}~|fkm| P}~m|fe| Dm`|mte/ ~hp dmo H~edm|hde ohp dfofcmj+`fhp ~h|h x}m bf`fmpm mo èjd}`mjtm Fjie|km ~h|h kmge|Fjie|kh| Y* P* èke mj mim`te h~h|m`m ~e| p} |m~|m+pmjth`fj èj im`bh dm pfmtm dmo ~|mpmjtm [Kmp* Je djdepmomo}ch| hmo Ifmo Mrm`}te| ~h|h mròh|m`m| khp/ èj khve|mpi}jdhkmjtep/ v mr~ejm| Y* P* mj `}k~ofk*', dm p} kh+ve| elofch`fj oh jmppmpfdhd }|cmjtfppfkh dm |mkmdfh| mohl}pe vjt|ed}`fde mjoh @hk~hh mj bh`m| khthjwhp pfj|m~h|h| mjoe hcmje/ oh ~e`h h~of`h`fj x}m ~e| mpte bhv


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06 + bm||h|/ v `hpt|h|/ ~h|h }jh thj `|mpfdh `hjttfdhd dmJeyfooep x}m pm jm`mpfthj èke dm X}h|mjth kfo hmo heh}j mj Tk~e/ dm C}m||h/ dmlfjdepm ~e| oe kfpke g}pth+kmjtm tmkm| x}m hmo Dmòh|hpm oh ^hw/ v leoym| mo @ekm|+`fe i|hjè/ èjoh k}otft}d dm Cmjtmp x}m èj`}||f|j dmtedhp ~h|tmp hmpth @f}*' ~|epfc}fmjde dbe dhe/ ~}mdmoomch| mo `hpe dm ~mph|pm oh `h|jm ~e| ofl|hp*Vpfmjde ~}lofè v Jete|fe mo @ejpthjtm @moe ho lfmj ~}+lofè dm Y* P*' dmpmhlh tmjm| Tfmkfr& ~h|h dm ~|mpmjth|`moe èjmo ketfye dmmptm Fjie|km 7 ^m|e je ~}dfmjde kmjepx}m `}k~of| elmdfmjtm hmo P}~m|fe| Khjdhte dm Y* P*' oebh bm`be mj mptep T|kfjep*

Y* P* mj Fjtmofrmj`fh dm tede khjdh| oe x}m i}m|m dmp} P}~m|fe| hc|hde mj G}ptf`fh* L*# Hv|*# 80 dm Dfw*,Z# dm832


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+ 4> +kmj dmo hpmpe| jekl|hde mj mpth `hjph |m~ftf Y* P* pmc*Z,~e| Iml% dm mptm hje mj x}m khjd x}m mj mo dfh mrfyfmpmmo dbe* Tmptfkejfe dmo Yhjde v De`}k% `fthdep mj modbe* Fjie|km x}m dfe mj 80* dm Dfwfmkl|m ~m|e èke je+x}fpfmpm mo Mp hdkftf| |mp~}mpth mj mo h`te doh jetfif+`h`fj èke dmlfh mj htmj`* x}m mj ~h|tf`}oh| je bm|h~h|tm h x}fmj pm om ~|ebfym ~e| P* H* oh \*Z H}dfmj`fh dmoh ôhth/ ~}de ~e| mpth `h}ph phtfpih`m| oh dm oh dmke|h~}mp èke h~h|m`m dm oep Tmptfkejfep x}m mrfym èj


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48 +T dmo x}m P* M* khjd ~|ek}och| h èjpmx}mj* oh off*+(H`}m|de pmoml|hde mj 3* dm Hc*,' dm 36* / èj H}dfmj`fhdmo Pfjdfè ^|e`}|hde| c|ho* f&e| Eif`fe x}m ~hp dbe*Mr|he* Pme| mj 80 dm G}ofe dm dbe* he1 `}fe eif`fe mpt"_ i*, 88*// v mo H`}m|de/ v |m~|mpmjth`fj dmo ^|e|* dmpdmi 6/* l*,' ofth/ 82 l*'- mj `}fep Tmptfkejfep pm |mèje`m ohelofch`fj x}m tfmjmj oep Bhwmjdhd*, dm hj}hok*', Bm||h|*`hpt|h|/ v khjtmjm| p}p chjhdep khjpep/ v oh ~|ebfyf`fejdm khth| Lh`hp/ oomyjdepm thj hdmyfde mim`te ~e| P* M*èke thj pmoepe/ dm x}m pm elpm|ymj ohp E|jp* dm P/ K* vdmo ymjmif`fe ^}lofè hpfjtfmjde oe x}m om ~|e~}pe moF* @* mj mo `fthde H`}m|de dm 3* dm Hcepte èke kmdfemif`hw/ ~h|h x}m je pm khthpmj ohp dbhp* Lh`hp/ mo x}m pm~|ebfyh p} mklh|x}m ~h|h Mp~hh hpf oep dm mpth Yhjdhèke oep dm oh et|h dmo Afe dm oh ôhth/ v e|dmjjdeom oep Ifmomp Mrm`}te|mp dm mpth @f}dhd/ èke P* M* oe ~|m+yfmjm mj mo eif`fe `fthde dm 80 dm G}ofe/ `momj ~e| p} ~h|t?mo `}k~ofk*' dm oh ~|ebfyf`fe+j dm oh khthjwh dm Lh`hp/hym|fc}hjde/ oep x}m èj hjfke dm ofh`m| @}m|ep dm tmjm|Tm|jm|ep Rejjhtep ohp khthj/ dhjde ~h|tm ~h|h p} `hptfce*Mptm yhjde èke mo hjtm`md*'Z dm Hcepte dm 3=* v dmkpx}m pm ~|ek}ochj/ je pm ~hph mj Tmptfkejfe ho F* @* ~}mpp} jete|fmdhd om pf|ym dm ceyfm|je/ mptep ~h|hj pfmk~|me|fcfjhomp mj oh Mp`|fyhjfh dm Cey*,, ~e| `}fh |hwj/ ~e|}jh km|h `hp}hofdhd/ b ~edfde mo Ifmo Mrm`}te| èjpm+c}f| pm phx}m tmptfk* dm et|e/ x}m ~e| |mkfpfj dm Y* P*ho Ph|cmjte Khve| D* @omkmjtm O~mw tmjfh mptm/ v pfmjdeh~edm|hde ~|ho* dm hwmjdhdep/ pelptft}fmjde mo êdm| pm~|mpmjte èj o o F* @*Mj mo pm ~|myfmjm x}m mo H~edm|hde dm oep Hwmjdhdeptmjch p}cmtep x}m |mèjep`hj tedep oep @}m|ep x}m ymjchj mpth @f}dhd v hym|fc}hjde je pm| èk~|hdep p}p om+ctfkep D}mep/ oep Mklh|c}m v om dmj ~h|tm ~* x* mptm pm~|mpmjtm ohp G}ptf`fhp E|dfjh|fhp v x}m mpthp hym|fc}hj+de p}kh|fhk*'Z mo `hpe/ pm oep mjt|mc}mj v x}m mptm oepmjt|mc}m p} D}me/ lmjmif`fm/ dm `}mjth x* ~m|tm+jmp`hj/ v x}m ohp dbhp* G}ptf`fhp/ fk~ejchj ho Dmofjx}mjtmoh ~mjh è||mp~ejd*#Z hp} dmofte/ bh`fjdeomp ~hch| mo @}m+|e èke pf i}mpm Chjhde yfye1 èke ~h|mwm dmo @h~ft}oe8* ierhp


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+ 4< +iomp mj oh @hk~hjh/ èk~|hjde @}m|ep7 V x}m oep ^}o~m+|ep dfp~m|pep mj mooh pm |mèghj ohp @h~foohp èj Tm|kfjedm }j Kmp/ ~mjh dm => ~*Z dm p} èjt|hlmj`fej*V V:e| mo * pm omp ~|eoffym oep dbep* ^}o~m|ep tede`hklhoh`bm @}m|ep/ Pmye/ v c|hph/ yhge dm oh ~mjh dmoh Omv x}m bhloh èjt|h oep x}m mj`}l|mj |elep dm chjhdep*ê| mo Dmwfke x}m pm bhooh i* 9 l*'Z pm e|dmjh x}mdmjt|e dm pmfp Kmpmp dm p} ~}lof`h`fj tedep oep Bhwmjdh+dep/ bhfhj dm khjfimpth| ho F* @* oh Kh|`h v pmho dm p}Chjhde ~h|h x}m pm ie|km Ofl|e Khmpt|e dm moohp/ v }jthjte tmjch dm o/ mo Ho`hodm ^|eyfj`fho/ v et|e mo |mi*ZH~edm|hde/ ~h|h mo }pe v mrm|`f`fe dm p} Kfjfptm|femo x}m mjtm|hk%Z je b tmjfde `}k~ofk%/ ketfve ~e|x*' hpf mo Ifmo Mrm`}%',, èke mo H~edm|hde/ je ~}mdmjtmjm| mo èje`fk*', èk~mtmjtm/ ~%## phym| mj mo `}k}oedm thjthp c}fhp/ 9 `m|tfif`*,ZZ x}m t|hmj oep èjd}`te|mpdm Chjhde ~%Z mo hyhpte/ mj mo `|mpfde j}km|e/ x}m ~h|hmo pm khthj1 ~}dfjdepm e|fcfjh| dm mpth ihoth/ }j c|hym~m|g}f`fe h oep kfpkep Hwmjdhdep1 ~e| oe x}m èjtmk~ohmo Ifmo Mrm`}te| pm| k}f jm`mph|fe tmjch dmyfde mim`te mptmkhjdhte*ê| mo }jdmwfke pm ~|ebflm ph`h| ~h|h hi}m|h dm mpth@f}dhd/ Lh`hp Jeyfooep/ Pmle/ v c|hph pfj Of`mj`fh dmoCey*,Z, ~mjh dm >* ~*Z h~of`hdep ~h|h el|hp ~}lof`hp dmmpth @f}dhd/ èjie|kjdepm mj mo/ èj mo x}m pm ~|ek}ocmj < dm Pm~tfmkl|m dmo he dm 833>* 1 v je ~}mdm kmjep moIfmo Mr`}te| x}m |m~|mpmjth| Y* P* mo c|hym ~m|g}f`fex}m èj oh ph`h dm mptep chjhdep/ ~|fj`f~hokmjtm dm ohpMkl|hp/ pm pfc}m ho ~}lofè hlhpte/ ~}mp oh dfkfj}`fjx}m dm moohp `h}phde mpth ph`h/ èjt|h ohp |m~mtfdhpE|jp* dmo Cey*,, mp }jh dm ohp ~h|tmp ~|fj`f~homp x}m ombhpmj tmkm| oh ihoth dmo Hlhpte1 v hpf mp~m|h dmo `moe dmV* P* d ohp ^|eyfdmj`fhp jmwmph|fhp/ myfth| thj je`fye~m|g}f`fe x}m mj mpth ~h|tm |m`fym oh `h}ph ~}lof`h1 èkemj ~h|tm khjfifmpth oh Ofpth J o* dmo |mèje`fk*', dm@}m|ep bm`bep mj


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+ 40 +Hwmjdhdep/ `h~mj oep Te|ep x}m pm bhoomj mj pep \edmep/hpf ~e| mo ~m|g}f`fe x}m omp `h}ph p} hl}jdhj`fh/ èke ~e|mo ymjmif`fe/ x*' pfj ~m|g}f`fe dmo @ekm|`fe dm oep @}m|ep/|md}jdh ho ^}lofè dm oh hl}jdhj`fh dm Jeyfooep7 V h}jmpte kfpke/ mp oe x}m tfmjm |m~|mpmjthde mo Ifmo Mrm`}te|mj p} hjtm`mdmjtm Fjie|km dm 80 dm Dfwfmkl|m `fthde/ v dmj}mye |mftm|h*Dm `}fep ~}jtep je ~}mdmj homch| fcje|hj`fh/ oep |mim+|fdep Hwmjdhdep/ Kmo`hòffiomp/ jf ^}o~m|ep/ kmdfhjtm x}m~e| Y* P* pm |mkftfm|ej @e~fhp oep Ph|cmjtep Khve|mpdm oh @hk~hh/ ~h|h p} `}k~ofkfmjte bhwfmjdepmomp phym|mj p}p |mp~m`tfyep ~h|tfdep*H ier*' 82* l*'Z pm bhooh mo Tmptfkejfe dmo H`}m|de `mom+l|hde mj 84* dm Mjm|e dm mptm ~|mpmjtm he dejdm pm om|mftm|h oh @ekf`fej ho Ifmo Mrm`}te|/ x}m mj


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+ 44 +yhj/ mj`}mjt|h mo Ifmo Mrm`}te|/ }j c|hym ~m|g}f`fe oh`h}ph ~}lof`h/ ~}mp èj mptm ketfye/ je vm||hj/ èke pm~|myfmjm mj oep Tmptfkejfep x}m ~|mpmjth/ dmo Yhjde/ vH`}m|de dmo F* @* x}m lj |mim|fdep/ ~|m`fjdfmjde/ mo dmp+tfje dm p} fk~e|tm/ v peoe fj`}o`hjde/ mo x}m je ihotm ~e|mptm ketfye/ mo hyhpte ^}lofè/ èke pm| fjdfp~mjphlompfmk~|m x}m je pm oomym dmyfde mim`te/ oh hjj}ho vm||h/x}m mpt khjdhdh1 ~}mp èke mpt lfmj fjie|khde Bm+||hjde tedep oep hep pm| k}f |h|e/ mo x}m ~e| tmjm| k}`bhBhw%Z ~}mdh tmjm| E|mghjep dm xhht|e hep ~h|h h||fyhx}m pej dm oep x}m pm ofhpmj @e|hkl|m/ v k}`be khp tm+jfmjde mim`te mo @h~ft}oe 84* dmo `fthde Tmptfkejfe dmoLhjde x}m mpt ier*Z 3 l%Z mj x*Z pm khjdh `h~h| oepTe|ep*V }otfkhk*' ~h|h èjif|kh`fj dm tede oe mr~}mpte vdmo |mim|fde Fjie|km dm 80* dm Dfw*# dmo hje ~hphde dm2


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4= +Mp `fm|te Pme|/ pmcj mpt lhpthjtm|h%# fjie|khde moIfmo Mrm`}te| x}m mj mo ~|mpmjtm mpthde/ pm bhooh mo ^hce

dm oh Khcdhomjh èj k}f ~eèp Hpmjdhdep x}m tmjchj\edmep khjpep/ pfmjde dep ohp ~|fj`f~homp `h}php x}m oeketfymj/ ohp x}m èjtmk~oh pm| dm p} elofch`fj |m~|mpmj'th|ohp Y* P* x}homp pej*Oh ~|fkm|h/ je bhooh|pm ^mejmp x}m pm x}fm|hj èj`bh+yh|/ èj oep Hwmjdhdep ~e| Kmpmp è||fdep/ kmdfhjtm x}m yh|fep oep hl|fchj/ djdeomp dm èkm|/ tmjfmjde x}ht|e`fjè v pmfp mj p} @hph pfj dmptfje hoc}je/ khjtmjfjdepmmptep/ dbep* ^mejmp dm Meyep dm Chjhdep v @hyhooep/ vpeoe pm èj`bhlhj/ x}hjde oep èjd}`te|mp dmo hyhpte/lj è||m| mo Chjhde howhde/ x}m vmjde èj mo ~|e~|feD}me dmo Tm||mje/ je tmjfmjde mptm Gmjtm ~h|h mjt|mch|oep Jeyfooep/ pm lmj mj oh ~|mpf`fej dm ~hch|omp oep |mim+|fdep ^mejmp/ 8>*// v 8


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49 +V hpf kfpke mp~m|h dm oh G}ptfif`h`fj dm Y* P* om e|dmjmoe x}m dmym mrm`}th|/ hpf mj mo ^h|tf`}oh| dmo Mklh|c}mbm`be dm oep @}m|ep dm Gepmi ^fho/ èke mj oep dmkpx}m èjpthj dm ohp Ofpthp x}m ~|mpmjth/ v dm oep x}m mjhdmohjtm pm mklh|ch|mj*X}m mp x}hjte mj `}k~ofk% dm p} @h|ce/ om bh ~h|m+`fde èklmjfmjtm |m~|mpmjth| Y* P* L}mjep Hv|mp vKh|we


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+ 43 +pm ~fdfmpmj 7 X}m èjmim`te pm `}k~of èj tede 7 @eke h~h+|m`m doh \m~|mpmjth`fj x}m pm bfwe ~e| mo Ifmo Mrm`}te|mj Ymfjtm v x}ht|e dm Kh|we dmmptm hie `}vh @e~fh mh ohdmo j}kmf#e dep7 mj mooh pm `fthj dofep De`}kmjtep x}mhèk~he hoh dofh \m~|mpmjth`fj 1 v hppf kfpke |moh`fejhtedep oep ~}jtep x}m om ~h|m`f èjd}`fhj hmo kmge| h||m+coe doh `|h dm Chjhdep ~*' x}m je ihotm mo Hlhpte mjTk~e* dm ^hw*Bhlfmjde oomchde mo `hpe pm bhvh ~}lof`hde/ v je tmjfmj+de jetf`fh x}m ~e| P* P*' pm bhvh dmtm|kfjhde mptm hp}jte"tho ymw ~e| oh dmke|h dmo Hpmpe| jekl|hde& om ~h|m`mhmo Ifmo Mrm`}te|/ \m~|mpmjth| Y* P*Z x}m hkhp doe mr+~}mpte mj dbh \m~|mpmjth`fj dm Ymfjtm v x}ht|e dm Kh|+pe dm mptm he/ mp~|mpfpe mr~ejm| dm j}mle Y* P*' x}m khp doep kmdfep ~h|h mo h}kmjte dm Chjhde x}m mjmooh pm~|e~ejmj/ pm ^|ebfyh oh Khthjwh dm tede Chjhde khve|/v oh ph`h ~h|h i}m|h dmo/ ~|fjpf~hokmjtm dm bmkl|hp/ oekmjep ~e| T|mp hep/ ~}mp doe èjt|h|fe/ èjmo vjpmjtfyedmo yhoe| doep @}m|ep/ je x}mdh|h Te|e/ Jeyfooe/ jf Lh`h/x}m jepm khtm 7 V pfmjde hppf/ x}m mo ~|e`|me dm mptep otf+kep hep hpfde thj è|te "èke Y* P*' pm~ed| Fjie|kh|doep Dfmwkm|ep jehv d}dh x}m mo hlhjte dm @h|jm ymjd|hihoth|1 mpte mp/ oomch|h l|mlm mo `hpe dmx}m Y* P*' kfpkekhjdm pm ymjdh oh `h|jm ofl|mhdh1 `}vhp khohp |mp}othpje tfmjm x}m ~ejdm|h| Y* P*Z x*,, oe |mèjepm|h kmge|x}m mo Ifmo Mrm`}te| 7 Hxffm pm hc|mch/ ihoth|h dm ~|ejtemo èkm|`fe dm @}m|ep/ x}m mp mo ~|fjpf~ho vj`mjtfye x}mkhjtfmjm mjmptm ^}m|te mo @ekm|`fe dm Mklh|`hpfejmp 7 Vh Y* P*Z phlm x* ohp ~e|`fejmp dm @}m|ep dmtmjfdhp ~e| ohC}m||h pm bhj Mklh|`hde/ mjmo @eklev/ v Jhyfep ê|t}+c}m`mp èj \mho ~m|kfpe*Oh \mho @d}oh dm 88=8// x}m mj Tmptfkejfe ~h|h p}H|`bfye/ x}fte Y* P*Z oep ^|fyfomcfep pel|m Chjhdep/ voep dfe hmo Cey* peoe ~e| ohp ~e|`fejmp dm @}m|ep x}mmj hx}mo mjtejpmp ~hph|ej Mp~hh1 ~m|p}hdfde P* Khc*''x}m je ~edh pm| dm et|h p}m|tm x}m khtjdepm ohp Lh`hp/v ~e| oe kfpke om ~|mlfmjm hmo Pme| Cey*,# x}m ie|kme|dmjhjwhp evmjde Y* P*Z ~h|h mo h||mcoe v h}kmjte dmoChjhde/ v x}m je ihotm df`m }jthj ~|mpfepe |hke dm @e+km|`fe7 èj mim`te/ ~h|m`m i} ^|eyfdmj`fh Dfyfjh/ ~}mphp} |m`ye jetmjfh Y* P*Z Jeyfooep p}if`fmjtmp ~h|h mo


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+ 42 +Hlhpte/ g i} jmpmph|fe x}m mo Cey* dfmpm @ekf`fejhmo dfi}jte Lmc*,, D* Dekfjce Cejwhomp/ ~h|h x}m `m+ohpm oh khthjwh dm Lh`hp/ |mèje`fmjde @}m|ep/ v h}joh c|hwhp x}m ymjfh hoh @f}*'Z 7 ê| et|h ~h|tm Y* P*', ~|ebf+yfe tedh khthjwh dm Te|ep hoep Bh`mjdhdep1 x}m mp oekfpke x}m ev ~|mtmjdm mo Ifmo Mrm`}te|1 ~}mp mo j}k* dm@}m|ep Mjlh|`hdep mjmpth ~|mpmjtm C}m||h/ èj`m~th pm|dm }j Kfooj 7 mj oh ^hw ~|mpmjtm pm| pfj j}km|e/ pfje pm~ejm ofkftm7 pmpmjth/ pmtmjth kfo hmo he x}m ~}mdmchpth|pm mjmo èjp}ke dmo Hlhpte mjoh @f}*Z v @hk~hh/pfj oep x}m ymjchj dm P*'Z Im/ v pm t|hvchj doh et|hYhjdh/ doe x}m ~m|tmjm`m hoh G}|fpdf`fej dm Y* P*Z èjoep dm Kejtm Yfdme/ ~}mdmj khjtmjm| mo @ekm|`fe pfjmrpmpe/ v dh| o}ch| hmo ~|e`|me 1 ~}jte thj |mèkmjdhde~% P* K*,Z v dmthjth fk~e|thj`fh/ ~h|h mo p}ptmjte v @e+km|`fe*

Hoep kfpkep Bh`mjdhdep/ f @ejd}`te|mp dmo Hlhpte/ omppm| dm }tfofdhd/ pfj x}mpm ~m|g}dfx}m mo ~}lofè mj ~hch|khp doe x}m ev mpt h||mcohde mo ~|m`fe doep kmdfep`}h|tep dm @h|jm7 Oh |hwj mp òh|h/ ~|ebfyfdhp ohp kh+thjwhp ~h|h c|hph/ pmle v @}m|ep/ tekh|hj mptep khp yhoe|/v hp} |mp~m`te ~mdf|j oep Bh`mjdhdep khp ~e| p}p Je+yfooep/ v yfmjde mptep oh khve| mptfkh`fj dmmooep/ jepeoe ~ejd|j `}fdhde mj bm||h|/ v `hpt|h|/ pfje mp x}mk}`bep ofh|hj oe x}m mjmo ^hce doh Khcdhomjh ~|h`+tf`h }j D* Gepmi Kh|tjmw/ x}m h mpkm|e dmp} t|hlhge/oep khjtfmjm dm Hc}h mj Tk~e* dm Pm`h/ v hppf p}p Je+yfooep pm `|fhj thj c|hjdmp v ce|dep/ x}m ~h|h mpthp^hp`}hp t|hge }j @ejd}`te| oohkhde Hjd|p dm Oh E*dm mptm kfpke/ @fmjte dmo ~|m`fe dm x}ht|e ~mpep7 @ejoe x}m v èj ohp `|fhp dm K}hp "\mp~m`te dm mpth| pe+pmchde mo ^m|& ~ed|hj k}v lfmj èptmh|pm/ khp km+jep/ pmcj p} ~|fjpf~ho v khve| mk~me x}m ~ejchj 1 bfmjx}m ~h|h mo khve| iekmjte doh dbh* @|fh dm K}hp pmdmbm ~|ebsf| èj c|hymp ~mjhp oh Ph`h dm Vmc}hp ~h|h moT}`}khj7 Et|e ~}jte doh khve| fj~e|thj`fh ~h|h moiekmjte dmmpth @h~ftho/ ~}mp je tmjfmjde mj dbh* ^|eyfj+`fh @|fh dm Vmc}hp/ pm ym|j ~|mpfphdep èk~|h| mjmpthèj khp Mptfkh`fj ohp |mim|fdhp K}hp*Oep èjd}`te|mp dmo dbe* Hlhpte/ èj mo `|m`fde ~|m`fedm oep `}m|ep h}jx}m ~hc}mj hkhp oep Jeyfooep/ je ~ed|hj


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+ 46 +xffmrh|pm doh Thwh ~}mpth hoh @h|jm1 v mo ^}lofè mpth|pm|yfde/ v èj khp pmc}|fdhd ~|elhlom dm x}m je omp ihotmèj hl}jdhj`fh thj ~|mpfpe p}ptmjte*^h|h tede oe dbe* pm bh`m Fjdfp~mjwhlom mo x}m hoep Bh+`mjdhdep pmomp hoflom èj oh e|dmj dm khjdh| khth| ohpVmc}hp @hyhooep/ v ^m||ep @fkh||ejmp x}m tfmjmj mjohpfjkmdfh`fejmp dmpp Mpthj`fhp 7 Oe x}m pm h~}jth ~e| mptmG}wchde mjoh `fthdh |m~|mpmjth`fj/ v ^mdfkmjte ~|mpmj+thde mjmptm @hy*Z ~e| p} Hggedm|hde/ dmpdm mo hje ~hphde?om e`bmjth v dep*Fc}hokmjtm x}m pm dmj ohp e|dmjmp ~h|h x}m jfjc}jetmjch ^mejmp h||fkhdep/ v x}m mptep pm èj`bhymj ~e|Tk~ep* pmcj ohp ihmjhp/ pfj x}m pm omp d hdmohjthde/ hjtmppf/ x}m ~h|tm dmp} èj`bhye hpmc}|m p} ~m|khjmj`fh1 v~h|h mooe pm jekl|mj G}m`mp mj`hdh ^h|tfde x}m @momj mo`}j~ofk# dohp e|dmjmp x}m pel|m mpte pm dfm|mj 1 dmlfmjdetmjm| ~h|tm mj ohp ~mjhp x}m pel|m mooe pm fk~

Facultad de Filosofia y Letras. Documetnos para la Historia Argentina. Tomo IV Abastos de la ciudad y campaña de Buenos Aires (1773-1809). Buenos Aires Compañia Sud-Americana de

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