Facts and Controlls

8/13/2019 Facts and Controlls

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A presentation on..

FACTS


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FACTS DEVICES??

BENEFITS OF FACTS

MAINTENANCE OF FACTS

OPERATION OF FACTS

IDENTIFICATION OF FACTS

FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS


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Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System

FACTS as they are generally known, are new devices that improve

transmission systems .


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1. Static VAR Compensators (SVCs)

2. Thyristor controlled series compensators (TCSCs)

3. STATCOM

4. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)


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UPFC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Benefits of utilizing FACTS devices :

Better utilization of existing transmission system assets

Increased transmission system reliability and availability

Increased dynamic and transient grid

stability and reduction of loop flows

Increased quality of supply for sensitive industries

Environmental benefits


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TECHNICAL BENEFITS OF MAIN FACT DEVICE


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VoltageLimits

Low Voltage atheavy loads

Supply ReactivePower

Shunt capacitor,SeriesCapacitor

SVC, TCSC,STATCOM

High voltage atlight load

RemoveReactivePowersupply

Switch EHVLine and\orshuntcapacitor

SVC, TCSC,STATCOM

AbsorbReactivePower

Switch Shuntcapacitor,Shunt

Reactor

SVC,STATCOM

High voltagefollowingoutage

AbsorbReactivePower

Add shuntreactor

SVC,STATCOM

ProtectEquipment

Add arrestor SVC

Low VoltagefollowingOutage

Supply reactive power

Switch Shuntcapacitor,reactor,seriescapacitor

SVC,STATCOM

PreventOverload

Series Reactor,PAR

TCPAR,TCSC


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ThermalLimits

Line orTransformer

Overload

ReduceOverload

Add line ortransformer

TCSC, UPFC, TCPAR

Add seriesreactor

SVC, TCSC

Tripping ofParallelcircuit (line)

Limit Circuitloading

Add seriesreactor,capacitor

UPFC, TCSC

Loop flows Parallel lineload sharing

Adjust seriesreactance

Add seriescapacitor/reactor

UPFC, TCSC

Adjust phaseangle

Add PAR TCPAR,UPFC

Post-faultsharing

Rearrangenetwork oruseThermal Limit actions

PAR, SeriesCapacitor/Reactor

TCSC,UPFC,SVC,TCPAR

Flow Direction Adjust Phase PAR TCPAR,UPFC


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Short Circuit Levels Excessive breakerfault currents

Limit Short-circuitcurrents

Add series Reactor, newcircuit breaker

Change Circuit breaker

Add new circuit Breaker

Rearrange network Split Bus

Sub Sync.resonance

Potential Turbine Mitigate Oscillations Series Compensation


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Investment costs of FACTS devices

a) The devices equipment costs, and (b) The necessary infrastructure costs

STATCOM

SVC

UPFC

T CSC

FSC .

160

140120

10080

60

4020

100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500

160

140120

10080

60

4020


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FINANCIAL BENEFITS:

1. Additional sales

2. Additional wheeling charges

3. Avoiding or delaying of investments


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Maintenance of FACTS devices is minimal and similar to that required for shunt capacitors, reactors

and transformers

The amount of maintenance ranges from 150 to 250 man-hours peryear

Operation of FACTS devices

operated automatically

can be done locally and remotely


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Steps for the Identification of FACTS

Projects:

Performance Verification


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Projects

to conduct a detailed network study to investigate the criticalconditions of a grid

For a stable grid, the optimized utilization of the transmission linescould be investigated

an economical study can be performed to compare costs of FACTSdevices or conventional solutions with the achievable benefits.


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Performance Verification

The design of all FACTS devices should be testedin a transient network analyzer (TNA)

The results of the TNA tests should be consistentwith the results of the network study


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