Factors Behind “Digital Divide” :Income and …….. Yoshiki Mikami Nagaoka University of Technology [email protected] .

Factors Behind “Digital Divide”:Income and ……..

Yoshiki Mikami

Nagaoka University of Technology

[email protected]

http://kjs.nagaokaut.ac.jp/mikami

UNU/IAS, Tokyo

June 30, 2000

0

500

1000

1500

2000

NA 46< 100< 215< 464< 1,000< 2,154< 4,642< 10,000< 21,544<

Per Capita Income (US$)

Pop

ulat

ion

(mill

ion)

0

100

200

300

400

Pop

ulat

ion

who

hav

e ac

cess

(m

illio

n)

PopulationTelephone AccessMobile AccessInternet Access

Fig.1 Global Digital Divide

0

500

1000

1500

2000

NA 46< 100< 215< 464< 1,000< 2,154< 4,642< 10,000< 21,544<

Per Capita Income (US$)

Pop

ulat

ion

(milli

on)

0

250

500

750

1000

Num

ber

of p

opul

atio

n who

hav

e ac

cess

to

each

med

ia(p

er 1

000)

Population

Telephone Access

Mobile Access

Internet Access

Fig.2 Communication Media Access by Income

Map of Writing Systems

Source: Akira Nakanishi, Writing Systems of the World, Churles Tutle Co., Tokyo

Hanzi

Indic Scripts

Fig.3 Latin & Non-Latin Population Spectrum

0

500

1000

1500

2000

NA 46< 100< 215< 464< 1,000< 2,154< 4,642< 10,000< 21,544<

TotalLatin+ex t e n s i o n sNon-Latin

Fig.4 Latin & Non-Latin Internet User Spectrum

0

500

1000

1500

2000

NA 46< 100< 215< 464< 1,000< 2,154< 4,642< 10,000< 21,544<0

50

100

150

200

TotalLatin+ex t e n s i o n sNon-Latin

Fig.5 Internet User Density by Income and Scripts

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

100 1000 10000 100000

LatinArabic+HebrewCyrril+GreekIndian DerivativesHanzi+Kana+Hangul

Region ６０ s ７０ s ８０ s ９０ s

America ＡＳＣＩＩEurope ＥＣＭＡ Expansion to other European Languages

GreeceSlavic Cyril East European LanguagesArabic ＣＯＤＡＲ ＡＳＭＯHebrew ＥＣＭＡ１２１

【 Asia 】 （ Kana ） （ Hanzi ）Japan ＪＩＳ 6220-69 ＪＩＳ 6226-78 Expansion of HanziChina ＧＢ 2312-80 Expansion of Hanzi Korea ＫＳＣ 5601-87Thailand ＴＩＳ 620-86Vietnam ＴＣＶＮ 5412-93India ＩＳＳＣＩＩ -83........and more ........and more

Fig.6 Computer Penetration requires Character Code Standards

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Japan

Korea

China

India

Thailand

SriLanka

Vietnam

Myanmar

Fig.7 Computer Penetration requires Character Code Standards

JIS C6226-1978108

107

106

105

104

103 ISSCII-1983 TIS 620-1986

JIS C6220-1969

GB2312-1980 KS C5601-1987

Source : AFSIT Proceedings 1987-1993, MLIT ‘97, CICC, Computer Industry Almanac1997

TCVN5412-1993

Estimated Number of Computers in Use

SLS 1134-1996

©1998YoshikiMikami

0

500

1000

1500

2000

46< 100< 215< 464< 1,000< 2,154< 4,642< 10,000< 21,544<Income level (US$)

Popu

latio

n (m

illion

)

0.E+00

1.E+07

2.E+07

3.E+07

4.E+07

Cons

umpt

ion

(t)

Population

Latin+extensions

Arabic+Hebrew

Cyrril+Greek

Indian Derivatives

Hanzi+Kana+Hangul

Fig.8 Printing and writing Paper Concumption