SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 1 SOFICS –NOVEMBER 2021 SOFICS SOLUTIONS FOR BCD PROCESSES FABLESS
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 1
SOFICS – NOVEMBER 2021
SOFICS SOLUTIONS FOR BCD PROCESSES
FABLESS
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 2
Sofics examples for BCD technology
• Introduction
• Different solution types
– High clamping voltage
– Low clamping voltage
• Conclusions
Different ESD concepts
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 3
• Many different device concepts are used in the industry
I
V
It2
VhVDD
I
V
It2
Vh Vt1VDD
I
V
It2
VDD
I
VVt1VDD
It2
Vh
I
V
It2
VhVDD Vt1
I
VVt1VDD
It2
Vh
Ilatch_spec
Zener/PNP RC-MOS NMOS/NPN
Basic SCR HHI-SCR PowerQubic clamps
Solution set for High voltage / BCD applications
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 4
• ESD with low holding voltage
– For IO interfaces
– Benefits
▪ High ESD in small area
▪ Sofics SCR
– Tunable trigger, clamping, failure current
• ESD with high holding voltage
– For power clamps
– Benefits
▪ Good Latch-up immunity
▪ PowerQubic
– Tunable trigger, clamping, failure current
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 5
Sofics examples for BCD technology
• Introduction
• Different solution types
– High clamping voltage
– Low clamping voltage
• Conclusions
Sofics solution: PowerQubic clamps
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 6
• Tunable trigger voltage Vt1
– Customized DC and transient response
• Tunable holding voltage Vhold
– To adapt to application/requirements
• Tunable performance It2, Ron
– High current
– Low on-resistance
• …and:
– Bi-directional, standard process compatible, compact silicon area…
I
V
It2
VhVDD Vt1
Ron
PowerQubic – TSMC 0.25um 40V process
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 7
• Hebistor clamps
– TSMC 0.25um
– Holding voltage tuning
– Low DC leakage
▪ <10nA at 25° C
▪ <150nA at 125° C
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
I [A]
V [V]
Example: High Voltage/BCD – Industrial CAN
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 8
• Bi-directional Industrial CAN clamp
– Includes specs for
▪ IEC 61000-4-2
▪ ISO 7637-2
▪ IEC 62132 (DPI)
• All specs tested on test chip
→ Product passes all specs
SpecificationsSupply functional voltage range 4.5V to 5.5V
PIN functional voltage range -7V to 12V
Absolute ratings -36V to +40V
Leakage 1uA
Temperature range -40°C to 150°C
IEC 61000-4-2 8kV
HBM 10kV
MM 200V
CDM 1kV
DPI specification1MHz/21dBm-> 8MHz/39dBm8MHz/39dBm->90MHz/39dBm90MHz/39dBm->1GHz/33dBm
ISO 7637 - 2 Pulse 1 -100V
ISO 7637 - 2 Pulse 2a +75V
ISO 7637 - 2 Pulse 3a -150V
ISO 7637 - 2 Pulse 3b +100V
ISO 7637 - 2 Pulse 5 +40V
Vbd
Example
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 9
• TSMC 180nm BCD gen 2 technology
– ESD trigger voltage Vt1 = 24 V
– Clamping voltage Vh = 23.5 V
– IEC 61000-4-2 contact discharge 8kV
– Leakage at 25°C: 1nA
– Area: 37,000 um²
• Scaling to 2kV HBM version
– <5,000 um²
Example: Automotive LIN protection for TSMC 0.25um BCD
10
• Sofics’ LIN interface protection TSMC 0.25um BCD
– High ESD performance
▪ 16A TLP current (@ 48V)
▪ 24kV HBM
▪ 6kV IEC 61000-4-2 direct injection
– EOS tolerant
▪ Load dump pulse ISO 7637-2
▪ Tolerant above 40V
– Transient Latch-up immune
▪ High holding voltage
▪ At high temperature
▪ For fast events
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 10 20 30 40 50
I [A]
V [V]
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary
Example: Automotive LIN example for TSMC 180nm BCD
11
• Sofics’ LIN interface protection:
– Bidirectional protection
– Positive side
▪ Vt1 > 50V
▪ Vh > 18V
– Negative side
▪ Vt1 < -27V
▪ Vh < -10V
– It2 > 18A
– IEC 61000-4-2
▪ Stand alone ESD protection clamp 8.3kV
▪ Inside LIN product >12kV
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary
Example: Sofics solution for TSMC 180nm BCD
12
• Requirements for automotive SENT
– Single-Edge Nibble Transmission interface
– ESD requirements
▪ IEC 61000-4-2: up to 8kV with various RC
combinations at powered conditions
▪ ESD holding voltages: 20V & 40V
▪ Low resistance to internal connections
– Leakage current
▪ below 500nA at 150°C at Vdd bias
– Compliance to EMC standards
▪ IEC 62132-4 (DPI – 32dBm) and IEC 61967-4 -2
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
0.0001 0.001 0.01
I D
UT
(Am
ps)
V DUT(Volts)
I(SP LEAKAGE)
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary
High voltage examples
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 13
Applications on TSMC 0.25um BCD Vt1 Vh ESD Specification Area
45V interface protection 54V 49V TLP > 3.5 AHBM > 5 kV
36,800 um²
Automotive interface protection 44V 27V
TLP > 3 AHBM > 4 kV
4,400 um²
IEC 61000.4.2 contact > 9 kV 15,500 um²
IEC 61000.4.2 contact > 13.5 kV 29,500 um²
Applications on UMC 0.18um BCD Vt1 Vh ESD Specification Area
18V domain protection 21V 20V TLP > 2 AHBM > 3 kV
5V protection 11V 8V TLP > 5.5 AHBM > 7 kV
26,000 um²
24V protection 29V 27V TLP > 5 AHBM > 6.5 kV
44,000 um²
High voltage examples
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 14
Applications on TSMC 0.18um BCD Vt1 Vh ESD Specification Area
18V domain protection 24V 23.5V TLP > 7 AIEC 61000.4.2 contact > 4 kV
33,450 um²
60V protection 66V 47V TLP > 1.4 AHBM > 2 kV
26,860 um²
Industrial CAN 58V 25V TLP > 9 AHBM > 10 kV
96,000 um²
Automotive LIN 50V 19V TLP > 18 AHBM > 8 kV
IEC 61000.4.2 contact > 10 kV
111,000 um²
65V domain protection 68 32 IEC 61000.4.2 > 4.8 kV 59,500 um²
68 50 IEC 61000.4.2 > 4.8 kV 67,500 um²
55V domain protection 57 32 IEC 61000.4.2 > 4.8 kV 57,000 um²
57 50 IEC 61000.4.2 > 4.8 kV 64,500 um²
Press releases: cooperation with Sofics
15
ANALOG DEVICES
• ESD Protection for 60V Products
“We need strong, sophisticated ESD
protection for 60V devices without
compromising the mixed signal performance
of the products”.
▪ David Robertson, vice president of analog
technology for Analog Devices.
ZMDI
• Automotive Requirements on 0.18um
“Sofics clamps were superior in the EMC test,
as well as in parameters such as meeting
flexible clamping voltage specifications, at a
lower cost than building the clamps from
scratch.”
▪ Frank Shulze, Business Line Manager,
Sensing and Automotive, ZMDI.
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 16
Sofics examples for BCD technology
• Introduction
• Different solution types
– High clamping voltage
– Low clamping voltage
• Conclusions
Protection Devices - SCR device
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 17
• Main principle:
– Coupling of bipolar transistors creates regenerative action
– Large current conduction possible
N+ P+FOX
P+N+
Pad
G2 A C G1
Vss
NWell Psub
G1C
Qp1
Qn1
G2 A
Basic SCR: High trigger voltage
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 18
• Basic SCR has a high trigger voltage
– Nwell / Pwell breakdown voltage
– Highly Process dependent
– Vt1 > GOX breakdown
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
curr
en
t [A
]
voltage [V]
SCR
W=100um
L=3um (ACS)
well-to-well breakdown
Vhold Vt1
VDD BVox
SCR – Typical values
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 19
• Typical values for SCRs
– Imax = ~ 50 mA/um
▪ Example: 26um width required for 2kV HBM (~1300 mA)
– Vt1
▪ Basic SCR
– Process dependent (doping levels)
– Well-2-well breakdown, avalanching
– Example: Vt1 = 40V for 14V process
▪ LVTSCR
– N+/PWell breakdown, avalanching
– Example: Vt1 = 10V for 0.35um process
– Vh
▪ Function of the Anode - Cathode distance (‘LAC’)
▪ Typical value: Vh = 1.2V
I
V
Ron-1
Imax
Vh Vt1
Sofics SCR – overview of parameters – device
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 20
• TakeCharge SCR’s for ESD protection
– SCR Layout variations
▪ Device width
▪ Anode Cathode (A/C) distance
▪ Contact rows on A/C
▪ Nwell / Pwell structure
▪ A/C Segmentation
– Trigger element variations
▪ Diodes, Bipolar, MOS, …
– ESD Detection variations
▪ Static Voltage, Current level
▪ Supply state detection
▪ Dynamic Voltage, Current change
DTSCR RCSCR
Sofics SCR – summary
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 21
• Tunable trigger voltage Vt1
– Determined by the external trigger element
– Different options available
Voltage
Current
Vhold Vt1
SCR
Damage
of
IO
or core
Vmax
It2Imax
RON
Vdd +10%
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 20 40 60 80 100
I [A]
WSCR
[um]
W=2x22>2kV HBM>200V MM
Sofics SCR – Tunable failure current It2
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 22
• Tunable Failure current It2, Imax
– Any ESD specification possible
– Determined by the SCR A/C width and # contact rows on A/C
– Example: DTSCR
Voltage
Current
Vhold Vt1
SCR
Damage
of
IO
or core
Vmax
It2Imax
RON
Vdd +10%
Scaling to higher ESD levels – example 1.2V
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 23
• Cells designed for different ESD levels
– Diode triggered SCR
– Reverse diode included
– 2A TLP – 2.8kV HBM
▪ Area: 35um x 22um = 770 um²
– 3.6A TLP – 5kV HBM
▪ Area: 35um x 38um = 1330 um²
– 7A TLP – 10kV HBM
▪ Area: 60um x 40um = 2400 um²
– 8kV IEC 61000-4-2
▪ Area: 120um x 54um = 6480 um²
– 12kV IEC 61000-4-2
▪ Area: 175um x 54um = 9450 um²
Process technology: 65nm
Example data for BCD processes
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 24
• SCR based ESD protection for high voltage interfaces
– All cases
▪ Leakage less than 10nA
▪ ESD performance of 4kV HBM
– 5V application
▪ Area of 2500 um²
– 10V application
▪ Area of 3000 um²
– 15V application
▪ Area of 3500 um²
– Area variation: depends on selection of suitable trigger element with right breakdown voltage
Trigger element
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 25
Sofics examples for BCD technology
• Introduction
• Different solution types
• Conclusions
Sofics solutions for BCD applications
SOFICS © 2021 Proprietary 26
• Broad set available
– Low clamping voltage, based on SCRs
▪ Mainly for interface protection
▪ Customizable through layout
▪ Small area, low leakage
– High clamping voltage, based on proprietary device concepts
▪ Mainly for power domain protection
▪ Of for automotive interfaces that need high transient latch-up immunity
• Standard process compatible
– No need for process changes, no need for additional masks/implants