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Digital Fabrication & Fab Labs
Massimo Menichinelli
---------------------------------------------------------------------------FabCamp Torino29 Ottobre 2011FabLab Italia - Stazione Futuro – Officine Grandi RiparazioniTorino
Presentazione online su:http://www.slideshare.net/openp2pdesign
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Cosa é la Digital Fabrication (o Fabbing) ed un Fab Lab?
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Fab Lab: MIT + Neil Gershenfeld
http://cba.mit.edu/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gershenfeld
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Bit + atomi = informazione + materia
http://fablab.waag.org/node/3847
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01. Computer collegati a macchine
http://www.google.com/patents?id=rRpqAAAAEBAJ&printsec=drawing&zoom=4#v=onepage&q&f=false
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02. Macchine che creano macchine
http://www.reprap.org/
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03. Materiali con codice incorporato
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEGO
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04. Materiali con programma incorporato
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosoma
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Anche IDEO ci sta pensando!
http://www.fastcompany.com/biomimicry/training-bacteria-to-grow-consumer-goods
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Ma nel 2011 ci sono:
Taglio laserFresa CNC(da tavolo)
Stampa 3D
Fresa CNC(grande)
Macchina cucito e
ricamo digitale
Plotter taglio vinile
Scanner 3D
Arduino
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“Democratizzazione” del Fabbing
http://www.origo3dprinting.com/
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Ed il Fabbing diventa famoso
http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/01/ff_newrevolution/http://econ.st/tnr97E
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Fabbing + spazio + collaborazione = Fab Lab
http://www.flickr.com/photos/protospace/5199454304/
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Caratteristiche di un Fab Lab
Un Fab Lab, per essere tale, deve:
* garantire l'accesso pubblico al fab lab* sottoscrivere la fab lab charter* condividere lo stesso tipo di strumenti e processi* partecipare nella rete globale dei fab lab
http://wiki.fablab.is/w/index.php?title=ConditionsForFabLabLabel
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Fab Charter
* Mission: fab labs are a global network of local labs, enabling invention by providing access for individuals to tools for digital fabrication.
* Access: you can use the fab lab to make almost anything (that doesn't hurt anyone); you must learn to do it yourself, and you must share use of the lab with other uses and users
* Education: training in the fab lab is based on doing projects and learning from peers; you're expected to contribute to documentation and instruction
* Responsibility: you're responsible for:
* safety: knowing how to work without hurting people or machines
* cleaning up: leaving the lab cleaner than you found it
* operations: assisting with maintaining, repairing, and reporting on tools, supplies, and incidents
* Secrecy: designs and processes developed in fab labs must remain available for individual use although intellectual property can be protected however you choose
* Business: commercial activities can be incubated in fab labs but they must not conflict with open access, they should grow beyond rather than within the lab, and they are expected to beneft the inventors, labs, and networks that contribute to their success.
August 30, 2007
http://fab.cba.mit.edu/about/charter/
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Fab Charter (Amsterdam, Olanda)
http://fablab.waag.org/archive/fabcharter
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Fabn : la riunione annuale
http://fab7.pe/
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Fab Academy
http://fabacademy.org/
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The International Fab Lab Association
http://fablabinternational.blogspot.com/
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Fab Lab Amsterdam (Olanda)
http://fablab.waag.org/http://www.flickr.com/photos/37873897@N06/4973326149/
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Mini Fab Lab (Utrecht, Olanda)
http://web.me.com/bartbakker/saguaro/Mini_FabLab.html
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Mobile Fab Lab
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_fab_lab
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Fab Lab Afghanistan (Jalalabad, Afghanistan)
http://www.fablab.af/
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Fing: Fab Lab Squared (Parigi, Francia)
http://fablabsquared.org/
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FabLab Barcelona (Spagna)
http://fablabbcn.org/
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Un Fab Lab per l'architettura
http://www.iaac.net/
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Un Fab Lab per l'architettura
http://www.fablabhouse.com/
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L'influenza del contesto sul Fab Lab
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Batlló
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Green FabLab Barcelona
http://greenfablab.org/
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Il futuro: Barcelona FabCity
“Toni Vives [...], Head of the Department the Urban Habitat in the Ofce of the Mayor of Barcelona and member of the IAAC Board of Directors, presented the city’s plan to become a “Fab City” with multiple Fab Labs in neighborhoods around Barcelona.”
http://www.iaacblog.com/blog/2011/iaac-at-fab-7-in-lima-peru/
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… ed un centro di DIY / riparazioni
http://reparatmillorquenou.blogspot.com/http://bit.ly/uK5ZhH
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Fab Lab e Brand: no trademark (per ora)
http://fab.cba.mit.edu/about/logos/index.html
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Fab Lab e Brand: una possibile strategia?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/journal-du-design/3895643669/
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Absolut Lab (Madrid, Spagna)
http://www.franciscosegarra.com/absolut-lab-proyecto-interiorismo/
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Absolut Lab (Madrid, Spagna)
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Ma esistono solo i Fab Lab?
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Ponoko (Nuova Zelanda)
Source: http://www.ponoko.com
http://www.ponoko.com
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Shapeways (Olanda)
Source: http://www.shapeways.com
http://www.shapeways.com
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Hackerspace / Makerspace
http://hackerspaces.org/wiki/List_of_Hacker_Spaces
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Sewing Café
http://www.thesewingcafe.co.uk/
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Techshop
http://techshop.ws/
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100k Garages (USA)
http://www.100kgarages.com/fabbers/map
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Seoul (Corea del Sud)
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Living Labs (USA, Europa)
http://www.openlivinglabs.eu/
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A cosa serve un Fab Lab?
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Uno spazio per il DIY
Foto: Scott Beale / Laughing Squid http://laughingsquid.comhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/laughingsquid/133324021/
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Modificare prodotti esistenti
http://www.ikeahackers.net/
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Design o Architettura Generativa
Not only for Open Design! Even for Generative Design, Mass-customisation, ...
Source: http://www.platform-net.com/
http://www.n-e-r-v-o-u-s.com/
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Mass Customization
http://nikeid.nike.com/nikeid/
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Concorsi di (Open) Design
http://unlimiteddesigncontest.org/
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Sviluppare prodotti e servizi (open)
http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page
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Open: Hardware, Software, Design
http://www.buglabs.net/
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BugLabs + Ford
http://www.buglabs.net/ford-buglabs
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Open Design: (quasi) giá un successo
http://craphound.com/makers/download/
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Open Design: (quasi) giá un successo
http://opendesignnow.org/http://www.droog.com/projects/events/design-for-download/http://www.droog.com/blog/category/design-for-download-2/
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Open Design: (quasi) giá un successo
http://www.instructables.com/community/Instructables-Joins-Autodesk/http://techcrunch.com/2011/08/01/autodesk-acquires-diy-community-instructables/
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Open Design: (quasi) giá un successo
Source: http://www.123dapp.com/
http://www.123dapp.com/
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Perché aprire un Fab Lab?
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I designer si possono autoprodurre
http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1104350651/tiktok-lunatik-multi-touch-watch-kits
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Sostenibilitá e rilocalizzazione
http://www.sourcemap.com
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Il tipico processo (chiuso) di sviluppo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Microsoft_Windows
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Ed uno Open!!!
http://futurist.se/gldt/
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Open Hardware: un mercato in crescita
Ardu
ino
Liqu
idw
are
Chum
by
Adaf
ruit
BugL
abs
Spar
kfun
Make
rbot
Make
rShe
d
DIY
Dron
es
Seee
d St
udio
s
$0
$1.000.000
$2.000.000
$3.000.000
$4.000.000
$5.000.000
$6.000.000
$7.000.000
$8.000.000
$9.000.000
$10.000.000
$11.000.000
Reve
nues
http://blog.makezine.com/archive/2010/05/million-dollar-baby-businesses-de.html
2009:* 13 compagnie sopra $ 1 m.* totale: $ 50 m.* $ 1 miliardo entro il 2015
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SparkFun
“In 2010, SparkFun had revenues of about $18.4MM. As of April of 2011, we have around 120 employees, up from 87 a year ago.”
“We hope to grow by 50% this year (2011) to around $28MM in sales. We expect to be in the 30-50MM range in the next 3-5.”
http://www.sparkfun.com/news/599
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Ed Etsy per l'artigianato / DIY
http://www.etsy.com/
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Etsy
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (March)$0
$50.000.000
$100.000.000
$150.000.000
$200.000.000
$250.000.000
$300.000.000
$350.000.000
Tota
l $ s
old
(Gro
ss M
erch
andi
se S
ales
)Utentu: +8 milioniNegozi attivi: +800,000Prodotti 8.5 milioni
http://www.etsy.com/press/kit/
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Il mercato del Fabbing
Business sostenibile--> $10 Milioni da VC
Business non ancora sostenibile--> $5 Milioni da VC
Il settore della stampa 3D é cresciuto del 24.1% nel 2011.Previsioni: $3.1 miliardi (2016) $5.2 miliardi (2020).
(Wohlers Associates, 2011)
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Fabbing + designers = $$$ + Open Design
http://www.freedomofcreation.com/home/3d-systems-acquires-freedom-of-creation
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Fabbing + utenti = $$$ + Open Design
http://blog.3dsystems.com/2011/05/3d-systems-partners-with-alibre.htmlhttp://www.alibre.com/
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Gli utenti innovano – e tanto!
“We fnd this previously unmeasured type of household sector innovation to be quite large: 6.2% of UK consumers - 2.9 million individuals - have engaged in consumer product innovation during the prior 3 years. In aggregate, consumers’ annual product development expenditures are 2.3 times larger than the annual consumer product R&D expenditures of all frms in the UK combined. “
Eric A. Von Hippel, Jeroen De Jong, Steven FlowersComparing Business and Household Sector Innovation in Consumer Products: Findings from a Representative Study in the UK
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1683503
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Quanto costa un Fab Lab?
* $50.000 secondo l'MIT* $20.000 in Ghana* $12,500 - $5000 con attrezzature open source / hardware* 3000 € per la versione da camera
Attenzione a fare un buon business model + business plan!
Che cosa si offre:* accesso ad uno spazio con attrezzature* servizi legati all'innovazione e commercializzazione
www.openp2pdesign.org/2011/fabbing/business-models-for-fab-labs/
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Modelli di business per un Fab Lab
* Facilitatore: lancio di nuovi Lab e servizi di supporto* Educatore: un sistema globale e distribuito di programmi
educativi (Fab Academy + apprendimento peer-to-peer)
* Incubatore: provvede l'infrastruttura e le conoscenze per sviluppare un business locale
* La Rete: replica e diffonde un business nato localmente in tutti i nodi della rete dei Fab Lab
www.openp2pdesign.org/2011/fabbing/business-models-for-fab-labs/
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Che succede in Italia?(a parte Arduino e Fab Lab Italia)
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Vectorealism (Milano)
http://www.vectorealism.com/
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Openwear (Milano, Europa)
http://www.openwear.org/
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WeFab (Milano)
http://www.wefab.it/
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Plug and Wear (Firenze)
http://www.plugandwear.com/
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D-Shape / Dinitech (Londra - Pisa)
http://www.d-shape.com/ - http://www.dinitech.it/
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Frankenstein Garage (Milano)
http://www.frankensteingarage.it
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Blomming (Milano)
http://blomming.com/
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Co-de-iT
http://www.co-de-it.com/
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PoliMi Physical Computing
http://131.175.137.62/
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Che cosa c'é ancora da fare (soprattutto in Italia)?
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Iniziative possibili
* organizzare Fab Lab
* sviluppare e diffondere una cultura del Fabbing, del Co-design, del Computing e dell' Open
* costruire reti con le imprese e le istituzioni esistenti
* fare ricerca:
* sostenibilitá (ambientale, sociale, economica)
* strumenti e processi, per il fabbing e la collaborazione
* impatto del fabbing / collaborazione nelle cittá e territori
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Qualche domanda o commento?
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Grazie!
Massimo Menichinelli
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[email protected] /openp2pdesign