Type 1 Diabetes سكريطفال اWhat is diabetes? www.qda.org.qa It is a chronic condition where the pancreas does not produce the insulin necessary to carry the sugar to the cell. When insulin is absent the cell does not receive its energy source (the sugar) and as a result it can not function properly. Sugar levels increase in blood after a meal or when it is secreted by the liver. When the body can not get rid of the extra circulating sugar, it dumps it in the urine and that is why sugar can be detected in the urine of people with diabetes. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes • Frequent urination • Excessive thirst • Excessive hunger • Fatigue • Stomach pain and vomiting • Unexplained weight loss Symptoms are commonly severe and with a sudden onset. Treatment of type 1 diabetes Type 1 diabetes can be treated / managed by the medication insulin, along with a healthy diet, maintaining a moderate level of activity and close monitoring of the blood sugar: Insulin • Injectable only, not available in any other forms yet. • Different types of insulin depending on the duration of action. • Different ways to inject via syringes, pen or pump. • Dosage and type of insulin varies and is different from one patient to another depending on age, weight and blood sugar levels. • It is important to know that the type of insulin you take determines the timing of your meals and snacks. ال�سكرتو�سيلزم ل الأن�سول�س اللبنكرياث ل ينتج ا هو حالة مزمنة حيلطاقةلية اتلقى ا ل تأن�سولب ال حال غيايا. و جميع ا اإء دورهالية من اأداتمكن اك ل ت ال�سكر وبذلتمثلةزمة وا الة اأو بعدول اأي وجبل�سكر بالدم بعد تنا معدلت اقة �سليمة. تزداد بطري الكبد. افرازه من قبل�سمئدة بامية ال�سكر الزاتخل�س من ك�سم عن ال يعجزا وعندماً أحيانا ال�سكري ااف مر�سن اكت�سك ولذلكبول ال يظهر ال�سكرر�سى. لدى ابول بفح�س ال)ولالنوع ا( طفال أعراض سكري ارتكر ل ا• البو ال�سديدالعط�س• وع ال�سديدا• التعب• لغثيانعدة وا ااأ• ر افقدان الوزن غ• ورها فجاأة.اأتي ظه �سديدة ويً �س تكون عادةذه الأعرا هول النوع اج السكري من ع تلقيلأول من خنوع ال ال�سكري من الر�سنايةالعة اأوكن معا منً معتدلً ر�سة مقداراامية الغذائية وع اتبا افة اإإ�سا اأن�سول الل�سكر بالدم.مراقبة م�ستوى ا الأن�سطة وأن�سول ال ن.َ ك حتى ال ذل غً يتوفر نوعاقن فقط، وى عن طريق ا يعط• مدى مفعولها.فتلف باخت تخن�سول عدة من الك اأنواع هنا• قلمإبر اأو ال عن طريق الإما اأن�سولقي التل هنالك عدة طرق ل• " .أن�سول اأو م�سخة الر ووزن كل مري�سلكمية ح�سب حالة وعم وان�سولف نوع ال يختل• كل مري�س. م�ستوى ال�سكر لفة اإإ�سا امواعيدأكل وتحديد نوع ال لن�سولرفة نوع ال معهم من ا• انبية.ت الرئي�سية والوجبا ا هو السكري؟ ماT +974 444 7481/2/3 F +974 4431901 [email protected]P.O Box 752 Doha - Qatar www.qda.org.qa +974 4431901 ف+974 444 7481/2/3 ت[email protected] قطر- الدوحة752 ص.ب
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Type 1 Diabetes
سكري األطفال
What is diabetes?
www.qda.org.qa
It is a chronic condition where the pancreas does not produce the insulin necessary to carry the sugar to the cell. When insulin is absent the cell does not receive its energy source (the sugar) and as a result it can not function properly. Sugar levels increase in blood after a meal or when it is secreted by the liver.
When the body can not get rid of the extra circulating sugar, it dumps it in the urine and that is why sugar can be detected in the urine of people with diabetes.
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes• Frequent urination• Excessive thirst• Excessive hunger• Fatigue• Stomach pain and vomiting • Unexplained weight loss
Symptoms are commonly severe and with a sudden onset.
Treatment of type 1 diabetesType 1 diabetes can be treated / managed by the medication insulin, along with a healthy diet, maintaining a moderate level of activity and close monitoring of the blood sugar:
Insulin
• Injectableonly,notavailableinanyotherforms yet.
• Differenttypesofinsulindependingontheduration of action.
• Differentwaystoinjectviasyringes,penor pump.
• Dosageandtypeofinsulinvariesandisdifferent from one patient to another depending on age, weight and blood sugar levels.
• اأعرا�س حادة: عدم القدرة على البلع، ت�سنج، الغياب عن الوعي العديد من هذه الأعرا�س ميكن الإخطاء يف حتديد اأ�سبابها
وخا�سًة لدى �سغار ال�سن من مر�سى ال�سكري حيث اأن ذلك قد
يفهم كم�ساكل يف ال�سلوك.
العـالج
• يف حالة الوعي: يجب فح�س ن�سبة ال�سكر لدى املري�س واإعطاءه مقدارًا من ال�سكر ال�سائل ح�سب و�سف الطبيب.
يف حال غياب الوعي: ل يعطي املري�س �سيئًا عن طريق الفم
• ويجب الإ�سراع يف طلب الإ�سعاف.
Healthy diet
• Healthy,highfiber(wholegrainsources,fruits and vegetables), balanced meals containing all food groups in moderate amounts.
• Preferabletodividethemealsinto3mealsand 3snackstotryandmaintainthebloodsugarwithin the acceptable range.
• Snacksmustbecarriedallthetimetohelpovercome the hypoglycemia that may occur. (to be discussed later).
Daily physical activity
• Benefitsofdailyphysicalactivitiesarenumerous, they reduce blood sugar, help the body utilize the injectedinsulinbetter,helpthemusclesdevelopproperlyandimprovetheoveralloutlookofpatients with diabetes.
• Thebenefitsofphysicalactivityfaroutweigh the increased possibility of having a hypoglycemia episode.
• Regularselfmonitoringofbloodsugar(usually done before and 2 hours after meals or as directed by the physician) is the cornerstone ofdiabetesmanagement.Itwillhelpkeeptheblood sugar in the controlled range and avoid hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia which will help reduce the long term complications.
Causes
• Improper balance between the food and the insulin dose. Missed meals, duplicate insulin doses or too much exercise without eating the recommendedsnackwhenneeded.
• All the above causes can be dealt with in an anticipated manner in order to avoid the hypoglycemia.
• Moderate:sleepy,slurredspeech,lossof coordintion and confusion.
• Severe:unabletoswallow,combative, uncooperative, convulsion and unconsciousness.
Manyofthesymptomscanbemistakenforbehaviorproblems in the young diabetic patient.
Treatment
• Ifconscious,patientshouldhavethebloodsugar tested then given the appropriate amount if liquid sugar as directed by the physician.
• Ifunconscious,nothingistobegivenbymouth,giveglucagoninjectionifavailableorgiveglucose spray to mouth mucosa, if no response an ambulance should be called.
Treatment of type 1 diabetesHypoglycemia (low blood sugar) causes and symptoms أسباب هبوط السكر واألعراض المصاحبة له عالج السكري من النوع األول