JIS F 0090-1 999 Ship's safety signs Introduction A ship is the integration of industrial products manufactured by' assembling a variety of parts from suppliers in diverse fields. For these products, safety signs are used to protect operators and other related persons agamst hazards wrth speclfic relauon to Product Lrabihty (slmplified to "PL"). Uses of safety signs in forms differing from product to product and from manufacturer to manufacturer are considered to hamper understandings by those related persons, causing confusions among them. This Japanese Industrial Standard has been established to promote standardization ofsafety signs used in ships and to help those persons concerned understand them. l. Scope This Japanese Industna] Standard speclfies the safety slgns fitted to ships mobile offshore dnllmg umts and equrpment camed onboard (heremafier referred to as "ships"). This Standard includes the objectives of safety signs, definitions of terms, symbols and colours used for safety signs, and guidelines for design (forms and materials), fixing positions and fixing procedures for safety signs. The safety signs that are made obligatory under laws and regulations shall be considered to be outside this Standard, and priority shall be given to them. 2. the reto Reference standard The following standard shall form part of this Standard The latest edition of the standard (including supplements) shall be applied. JIS Z 9101 Safety colours and safety signs when being referred 3. a) b) Definitions The following definitions shall apply to the major terms used in this Standard. safety sign The sign that conveys general safety aiert messages obtained by combining colours shapes, and conveys specific safety alert messages by adding pictorials (1) or text messages (2). Note (1) (2): (See 5:2..2 and 5.2.3) safety colour The colour that has features (3) with safety significance. Note (3) : The definitions of the features of safety colours shall be in accordance with Annex A to JIS Z 9 10 1 . and 4. Basic matters related to safety signs 4.1 Objectives of safety signs The objectives of safety signs fitted to ships are to alert persons to existing or potential hazards, and all or part of the following elements a) through d) shall be included in a safety sign. a) Class of hazards "DANGER", "WARNING", "CAUTION." (See 4.2) b) Type of hazards Flammablc material, high temperature, high voltage, etc. c) Consequences when alert is ignored Fire, burn, electric shock, etc. d) Measures to avoid hazards Operational instructions and prohibitions 4.2 Class of hazards and definitions Hazards assigned to ships' safety signs are classified into the following three classes using safety alert signal words according to the degree ofhazard and probability: a) DANGER This indicates an extreme hazard that may lead to a death or serious injuries, ifnot avoided. This shall be used for the situation of an extreme hazard and should not be used excessiveiy (4). b) WARNING This indicates a hazard that may probably lead to a death or serious injuries, ifnot avoided (4) . c) CAUTION This indicates a hazard that may probably cause light or medium injuries, ifnot avoided (4). Note (4).: The safety alert signal words ~DANGER", "WARNlNG- and "CAUTION" shall be used only when there is a hazard, which directly affects human bodies. They shall, however, not be used when a hazard may lead to damage to properties only, without endangering human bodies. Operational safety signs for use when only physical damage is expected are shown in Annex 5 for reference.
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JIS
F 0090-1 999
Ship's safety signs
Introduction A ship is the integration of industrial products manufactured by' assembling a variety of parts
from suppliers in diverse fields. For these products, safety signs are used to protect operators and other related
persons agamst hazards wrth speclfic relauon to Product Lrabihty (slmplified to "PL"). Uses of safety signs in
forms differing from product to product and from manufacturer to manufacturer are considered to hamper
understandings by those related persons, causing confusions among them. This Japanese Industrial Standard
has been established to promote standardization ofsafety signs used in ships and to help those persons concerned
understand them.
l. Scope This Japanese Industna] Standard speclfies the safety slgns fitted to ships mobile offshore dnllmg umts and equrpment camed onboard (heremafier referred to as "ships"). This Standard includes the
objectives of safety signs, definitions of terms, symbols and colours used for safety signs, and guidelines for
design (forms and materials), fixing positions and fixing procedures for safety signs.
The safety signs that are made obligatory under laws and regulations shall be considered to be outside this
Standard, and priority shall be given to them.
2.
the reto
Reference standard The following standard shall form part of this Standard The latest edition of the standard (including supplements) shall be applied.
JIS Z 9101 Safety colours and safety signs
when being referred
3.
a)
b)
Definitions The following definitions shall apply to the major terms used in this Standard.
safety sign The sign that conveys general safety aiert messages obtained by combining colours shapes, and conveys specific safety alert messages by adding pictorials (1) or text messages (2).
Note (1) (2): (See 5:2..2 and 5.2.3)
safety colour The colour that has features (3) with safety significance.
Note (3) : The definitions of the features of safety colours shall be in accordance with Annex A to JIS Z 9 10 1 .
and
4. Basic matters related to safety signs 4.1 Objectives of safety signs The objectives of safety signs fitted to ships are to alert persons to existing
or potential hazards, and all or part of the following elements a) through d) shall be included in a safety sign.
a) Class of hazards "DANGER", "WARNING", "CAUTION." (See 4.2)
b) Type of hazards Flammablc material, high temperature, high voltage, etc.
c) Consequences when alert is ignored Fire, burn, electric shock, etc.
d) Measures to avoid hazards Operational instructions and prohibitions
4.2 Class of hazards and definitions Hazards assigned to ships' safety signs are classified into the following three classes using safety alert signal words according to the degree ofhazard and probability:
a) DANGER This indicates an extreme hazard that may lead to a death or serious injuries, ifnot avoided. This shall be used for the situation of an extreme hazard and should not be used excessiveiy (4).
b) WARNING This indicates a hazard that may probably lead to a death or serious injuries, ifnot avoided (4) .
c) CAUTION This indicates a hazard that may probably cause light or medium injuries, ifnot avoided (4).
Note (4).: The safety alert signal words ~DANGER", "WARNlNG- and "CAUTION" shall be used only when
there is a hazard, which directly affects human bodies. They shall, however, not be used when a
hazard may lead to damage to properties only, without endangering human bodies. Operational
safety signs for use when only physical damage is expected are shown in Annex 5 for reference.
F OO90- , 999
4.3 Recipients of safety alert of safety signs The recipients of safety alert of safety signs shall be as
follows:
a) Ship and ship machinery operating persounel (those engaged in direct operations of ships, ship machinery and equipment, and supervisors)(hereinafter referred. to as "operators").
Persons related to carriage and installation of ship machinery and equipment
Persons related to operations and maintenance of ship machinery and equipment b) Persons other than operators (s)
Note (5): In the case of ships, operators are, in many cases, Iimited specialists, which differ in terms of
occupational characteristics from those operators of consumer goods, and, therefore, use of technical
terms may be permitted to some degrees. If, however, there are possibilities that persons other than
ship machinery and equipment operators might have access to hazards, it is preferred that safety signs
are in readily understandable messages (refraining from using special ship terms).
5. Safety signs
5.1 General precautions for safety signs a) Location Safety signs shall be securely fitted at conspicuous places in the vicinity of locations where
hazards exist or in the proximity ofthe inlet of a space where hazards exist.
If thcre are a plurality of hazards of the identical element and it is diffrcult to fix safety signs individually
to each ofthem, they may be displayed in an integrated mauner.
b) Conspicuousness Safety signs shall be in a geometric shape and size so that they can be understood at
one sight, and be compatible with ships, ship machinery and equipment. Colours of safety signs for use
are either in red, orange-red or yellow and it is preferred that colours in the same colorimetric group are
not used for shipboard paintings.
c) Effectiveness Safety signs shall, as part ofaship, be effective throughout the service life ofthe ship. It
is necessary that they do not detach from the ship's structure or do not become obscure by discoloration,
and it is preferred that their service life is the same as the ship's service life. When the maintenance of
their durability is difficult due to heat, stain or others, safety signs shall be dealt with as those consumable
items, and renewals should be made obligatory. Explanatory notes in this regard shall be stated in
Operator's Manuals.
d) Number of safety signs Safety signs shall be limited to cases where reasonable security of safety is structurally difficult, and it is preferred that their number is not excessive.
5.2 Composition of safety signs Safety signs sha]1 be composed of either all or part of the following a)
through d):
a)
b)
c)
d) 5.2.l
"CAUTION
safety alert signal words (hereinafier referred to as "signal words")
safety alert symbols (hereinafter referred to as "alert symbols")
hazard description/avoidance pictorials (hereinafter referred to as "pictorials")
text message Alert symbols Alert signals correspond to the three signal words: "DANGER" "WARNlNG" and
,,
Alert symbols used for ships' safety signs and prohibition/instruction symbols are as given in Tables 1
and 2.
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Table I Alert symbols used forsafety signs
Table 2 Prohibrtron/mstructlon srgns used for safety srgns
5.2.2 Pictorials Pictorials are graphic presentations of the type and result of a hazard and its avoidance
method, and are used without or in combination with text messages. Pictorials help operators visually understand the content of hazard, and therefore, it is preferred to use pictorials as far as practicable.
When a plurality of hazards coexist, priority shall be given to the higher hazard.
Examples of pictorials applied to ships' safety signs are shown in Attached Fig. l.
5.2.3 Text messages Text messages describe the type and result ofahazard and its avoidance method. Text messages shall be short, simple and clear, and hazard avoidance method shall be described in an imperative
sentence. Ifdescribing text messages is difficult due to the limited space available or the need ofusing multiple
languages, detailed explanations may be stated in Operator's Manuals providing that it is so noticed (see 5.5).
5.3 Formats and dimensions of safety sign Safety signs shall, in principle, be divided into the following
three panels.
a) Signal panel (S) Alert symbols and signal words are included.
b) Pictoriai panel (P) Pictorials are included.
c) Message panel (M) Text messages are included. 5.3.1 Basic formats and dimensions of safety signs The basic formats and dimensions of safety signs are
shown in Fig. l.
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Cham f er i ng Unit: mm 80 4
~
80
Chamfering
s7 Comer radius
Corner radius
Fig. I Basic formats and dimensions of safety signs
5.3.2 Modification of formats and dimensions The formats and dimensions ofsafety signs may be modified as appropriate according to conditions such as the type and size of a ship.
a) The dimensions of a safety sign shall be such that it is understandable within the operating range of a ship.
As a rule of thumb, the area of a safety sign shall be as shown below in accordance with JIS Z 9 1 O I : L2
A~ 2000 where
A : minimum area of safety sign (m2)
L: maximum distance (m) from a place safety sign is understandable, L ~ 50 m
b) When all signals, messages and pictorials that are shown in 5.2 a) through d) are difficult to be displayed
in the divided three panels due to the ship's size and restrictions at the location of safety signs, they may
be modified as necessary, either by omitting or integrating panels in the smaller size according to the
methods shown in the foliowing I ) through 5).
l) Two panels (s + M) Use the signa] panel and message panel, omitting the pictorial panel. (See Fig. 2)
2) Two panels (s + p) Use the signal panel and pictorial panel, omitting the message panel. (See Fig.
3)
In this case, the type and the consequence of a hazard, and the route of evacuation shall be clear
only through the pictorial panel alone.
3) Two panels (P + M) Use the pictorial panel integrated (6) with alert symbols, omitting the signal
panel. (See Fig. 4)
4) Two panels (s + p and M) Use the signal panel in combination with pictorials and text message. (See Fig. 5)
5) One panel (P or P and M) Use pictorials (6) jntegrated with alert symbols only, or use pictorials
(6) integrated with alert symbols and text message in combination only. (See Fig. 6)
Note (6): In the case of integration of alert symbois and pictorials, the exclamation mark shall be
substituted with a pictorial.
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Signal panel (S)
Message (M)
Fig. 2 2-panel sign (s + M)
Signal panel (S)
Pictorial (P)
Fig. 3 2-panel sign (s + p)
Pictorial (P)
Message (M)
Fig. 4 2-panel sign (P + M)
Signal panel (S)
Pictorial (P) and
Message (M)
Pictorial (P) alone or
Pictorial (P) and Message (M)
(Signal words may be deseribed)
5.4
a)
b)
Fig. 5 2-panel sign (S + p and M) Fig. 6 l-panel sign (P or P and M)
Colours of safety signs The colours of safety signs shall conform to the following requirements:
Hue Hue shall conform to JIS Z 9101. Red DANGER: Orange red WARNlNG: Yellow CAUTION : Re d Prohibition:
Obligatory action: Blue Safety : Green
The colours of background, characters, pictorials and perimeter within each panel shall be as given in
Table 3. Examples ofsafety signs applicab]e to ships are shown in Annex 2 for reference.
F OO90- 1 999
Notes: (')
(g)
(9 )
f lO\
\l
For indicating fires or explosions, Ted may bc used.
When a signal panel is not provided, pictorials integrated with alert symbols shall be used. Ifasignal
panel is provided, alert symbois integrated with pictorials may not be used, but pictorials only.
The slash line in a circle symbol and the crossing symbol shall be in red as well.
When indicating a fire or an explosion, white may be used.
5.5 Language for use The language that is instructed by the shipowner, taking into account the trade areas
of a ship and the nationality of crewmembers, shall be used.
When a plurality of languages are used, the number of languages shall be limited to two so that text
messages can be suffilciently scrutinized, Ifit is necessary to use three or more languages, ships' safety signs
shall be such that alert symbols are provided in combination with a text message stating that "Read Operator's
Manua]" or pictorials ofthe same implication, and provide detailed expianations in the Manual.
Explanatory notes on the safety information in an Operator's Manual are shown in Annex 4.
F OO90-1999
(~)
C~
(~~)
E~t~ L *a)~~ ~~ ~t~Se~~• ~ ~~~ ~~"< •t~,*h, ~#~L*~~~~til~1lr e$r~[:~~ ~ Ir S ; ~ .
Vet Inbetr,ebmhme ,,te 8etr,eb-ntdtu,,g und Steterlleft$,dnwelse le$e,, und be8errten.
Ure ie ,Ivret d'enlreten et le$ eQR$elts de $ecur,te
avant le nrf$e •Q marehe et en lentr compte pendot ie fenclto,,nement.
Fig. 7 Example of a safety sign without text message with a notation of "Read Operator's Manual"
6. Materials of safety signs The materials of safety signs shall be adequate for their fitted positions and
enviroamental conditions.
The materials of safety signs are shown in Annex 3 for reference.
Reference standards:
ISO 3864 Safety colours and safety signs
ISO 6309 Fire protection Safety signs
ISO 9244 Earth-moving machinery - Safety signs and hazard pictorials General principles
ISO 1 1634 Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment - Safety signs
and hazard pictorials - Genera] principles
IEC 60417-1 Graphical symbo]s for use on equipment Part I : Overview and application
JIS B 0139 Copying machines - Graphic symbois
JIS Z 9104 Safety signs General specification
BS 5378 Safety signs and colours
ANSI Z 535.3 Criteria for Safety Symbo]s
Zaidan Hojin Kadenseihin Kyokai Dantai Kikaku (Guidelines for indicating safety signs for home appliances)
F 0090-1999
Annex I (Reference) Examples of pictorials applied to ships' safety signs
This Annex (Reference) supplements matters Japanese Industrial Standard, but is not part of it.
Annex l
related to
Table 1
the requirements
Alert si ns
specified in the body text of the
No. Pietorial Meaning Reference stan d ard s
1. Alert in general
l.1
,
e
Unspecified alert in general - This is used as a suffix to class of
hazard ("DANGER", "WARNlNG", "CAUTION") and type of hazard.
ISO 3864
2. Chemical hazards 2.l
2.2
2.3
2.4
'A'
*u.~.~~
•'~i:•_,:~~! r~e~'J:.~'1:.
'. ~~:'a~:f;~~~.;ilY:#,*-.~'
X._+'
4L ~5a
-,.
Toxicity
Toxic gases or poisonous fumes
Oxygen deficiency, respiration difficulty
Corrosiveness
ISO 3864
ISO 9244 ISO I 1684
ISO 3864
F 0090* 1 999
Annex I Table I Alert si ns cont'd No .
2.5
Pictorial Meaning
Corrosiveness
Reference
standards
ISO I1684
3. Electrical hazards
3. 1
3,2
3.3
li
~, e
Caution, eiectric shock
Caution, electric shock
Caution, electric shock
ISO 3864 ISO 9244 ISO I 1684
ISO I1684
ISO I1684
4. CautiQn, falting hazards, slippery surfaces
4. 1
4.2
Falling from high place
Slippery surfaces
ISO 3864
ISO I1684
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Note (1): When panel background is white, red may be used for pictorials.
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Annex l Table 5 Information si ns on safet conditions No.
1
2
3
Pictorial Mean ing
Stowed location of first=aid kit
direction of location
(this may be used in right-]eft direction, up-down direction and oblique direction)
Emergency exit (being symmetric, this can be used both ways)
Reference
standard
ISO 3864
ISO 3864 ISO 6309
ISO 6309
F 0090-1999
Annex 2 (Reference) Examples of ship's safety signs
This Annex (Reference) supplements matters related to the requiren]ents ofthe body text ofthis Standard, but
not constitutes part ofthe requirements.
1. Format examples of safety srgns (see 5 3 of the body text) Format examples of shlp s safety srgns
concernmg "DANGER" WARNlNG" and "CAUTION" are shown in Annex 2 Fig. 1,1 through Fig. 1.6, Annex 2 Fig, 2.1 through Fig. 2.5, Annex 2 Fig. 3.1 through Fig, 3.6 respectively. Safety signs that are
suitable for the intended application shall be seiected and used.
Dimensions of a safety sign may be modified as necessary according to the intended application.
a) DANGER
Annex 2 Fig. 1.1
IGNITION HAZARD
NO OPEN FLAME
F 0090-1 999
Basic form of 3-panel sign - Vertical configuration (S + p + M)
Annex 2 Fig. 1.2
IGNITION HAZARD
NO OPEN FLAME
Basic form of 3-panel sign - Horizontal configuration (s + p + M)
Annex 3 (Reference) Materials of ships' safety signs
This Annex (Reference) supplements matters related to the requirements of the body text and Annexes of the
Standard and does not constitute part of this Standard.
Materials that are appropriate for ships' safety signs are given in Annex 3 Table l.
It is preferable that materials suitable for their installed positions and ambient working conditions are selected
and used from among those given in the table.
Legend: Symbols in the table show:
@i Excellent
O : Good A : Ord inary
F 0090-1999
Annex 4 (Reference) Safety information to be given in Operator's Manuals
This Annex (Reference) supplements matters related to the requirements of the body text of the Standard and
does not constitute part of the requirements.
The safety information given in Operator's Manuals is as important as ships' safety signs themselves or even
more. Because safety signs are provided with limited spaces, it is necessary that detailed explanations on a]ert ofrisk
of danger and means to avoid risks be stated in Operator's Manuals.
General description At the beginning ofthe Operator's Manual, the following safety information shall l.
be stated:
a) Definitions of signal words b) Explanatory notes on safety alert symbols and pictorials used in ships and Operator's Manuals. c) Important safety alert messages Descriptions on latent defects of a ship, risk of hazards caused by
human errors in handling equipment, hazards that may lead to operators' injuries, and means to avoid such
d) Ship's safety signs and their installed locations
e) How to obtain spare safety signs
2. Supplementary descriptions All risks even those not covered by safety signs and unsafe behaviors shall be included, and safety alerts shall be issued in each caption ofthe Operator's Manual.
a) At the beginning of each chapter, safety alert descriptions related to the given chapter shaU be provided.
b) In the explanation of each operation, safety a]ert descriptions relative to specific operations sha[1 be
provided.
3. Alert descriptions Alert descriptions shali, as in the case ofsafety signs, include the following matters
a) through d), where emphases shall be made by using alert symbols, framing etc., to attract the attention.
a) Class of hazard b) Type of hazard c) Consequences when alert is ignored
d) Means to avoid hazard
F 0090-1999
Annex 5 (Reference) Operational caution signs
This Annex supp]ements matters related to the requirements of the body text of the Standard and does not
constitute part ofthe requirements ofthe Standard.
Operational caution signs for physical damage For operational cautions when physical damage such l.
as serious damage to or failure of ships are anticipated in the absence of direct bodily injuries, it is preferable to
" "OPERATIONAL NOTICE" and safety call the attention of operators or related other persons using "NOTICE ,
alert signs using "f' or "A." In this case, an exclamation mark or pictorials shall not be used inside the safety
alert triangle.
2. General operational caution signs It is preferable that a perTnanent operational caution sign indicating
general cautions relative to operations including the following matters is fitted on product:
a) Operations shall be done by professional engineers.
b) Operations shall be done correctly according to Operator's Manuals.
c) Operator' s Manuais and safety signs shal] be retained securely.
F 0090-1999
Annex 6 (Reference) Safety assessment of ships and safety measures
This Annex (Reference) supplements matters related to the requirements of body text and annexes Standard and does not constitutes part of the requirements.
of the
The basic principle of ships is that they can be used safely. For securing the safety of ships, priority shall,
therefore, be given to design assessments and countermeasures for safety, and it is preferable to limit safety alert
descriptions only when solutions are difficult merely by design considerations or when security of ships' safety is
difficult merely through design efforts. It is desirable to make the number of safety alert signs for ships, in
particular, as fewer as possible.
Ships' safety assessments and safety measures shall be developed by the following procedures.
l.
a)
b)
Safety assessments of ships (Hazard analysis)
Checks on hazards in ships (physieal elements) Detecting hazards in ships (including latent ones) and
predictable operational hazards (inc]uding human errors) and checking in accordance with Anuex 6 Attached Table I .
Checks on operational unsafe behaviours (human errors) Criteria for hazards vary from operator to operator and environmental conditions, but the values given in Annex 6 Attached Table 2 shall be taken as
reference values as a rule of thumb.
2.
a)
b)
Improving safety in design
Realizing intrinsie safety features of ships Priority shall be given to eliminating hazards in ships and
securing the safety of ships.
Adding protection and safety devices If securing the intrinsic safety of ships is difficult, protections
and safety devices shall be provided.
3. Indication of safety alerts
operational hazards, caution sha]l
descriptions in Operator's Manuals.
For hazards, which cannot be removed merely by design considerations, and
be called by installing operational alert signs and by providing alert
4. Examples of ships' safety assessments and safety measures Examples of ships' and safety measures (example of diesel engine) are given in Annex 6 Attached Table 3.