•Persian •Greek •Egyptian •Syrian •Persian •Greek •Egyptian •Syrian Foreign Rule Foreign Rule Cyrus Daniel 1st Return (559–529) Isaiah 40–66 Aramaic Cambyses Expansion Darius I Haggai 2nd Return (522–486) Zechariah 2nd Temple Zerubbabel Xerxes Greeks win Artaxerxes I Malachi Reforms (465–425) Esther City walls Ezra 3rd Return Nehemiah 4th Return Persian Jewish Events Foreign Rule: Persian Foreign Rule: Persian Darius II Artaxerxes II Samaritan (404–358) schism Artaxerxes III Darius III Alexander (336–330) the Great Persian Jewish Events Foreign Rule: Persian Persian Period Contributions: (1) Jewish nationality (2) Jewish reforms (3) Jewish diaspora (4) Jewish thought (5) Samaritan schism (6) Empire infrastructure (7) Empire reorganization
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•Persian•Greek
•Egyptian•Syrian
•Persian•Greek
•Egyptian•Syrian
Foreign RuleForeign Rule Cyrus Daniel 1st Return(559–529) Isaiah 40–66 AramaicCambyses ExpansionDarius I Haggai 2nd Return(522–486) Zechariah 2nd Temple ZerubbabelXerxes Greeks winArtaxerxes I Malachi Reforms(465–425) Esther City walls Ezra 3rd Return Nehemiah 4th Return
Persian Jewish Events
Foreign Rule: Persian
Foreign Rule: Persian
Darius IIArtaxerxes II Samaritan(404–358) schismArtaxerxes IIIDarius III Alexander(336–330) the Great
Persian Jewish Events
Foreign Rule: Persian
Persian Period Contributions:(1) Jewish nationality(2) Jewish reforms(3) Jewish diaspora(4) Jewish thought(5) Samaritan schism(6) Empire infrastructure(7) Empire reorganization
•Persian•Greek
•Egyptian•Syrian
•Persian•Greek
•Egyptian•Syrian
Foreign RuleForeign Rule
Foreign Rule: Greek
Greek Empire
Alexander the Great336–323 BC
Alexander the Great336–323 BC
Philip II of Macedon359–336 BC
I. World Conquest A.Macedonian B. Persian
II. World Vision A. Hellenization B. Institutions 1. Culture 2. City 3. Language 4. Monarchy
Foreign Rule: Greek
Greek Empire
Alexander the Great336–323 BC
Alexander the Great336–323 BC
Philip II of Macedon359–336 BC
Antigonids(Macedonia)Antigonids
(Macedonia)Seleucids
(Syria/Per.)Seleucids
(Syria/Per.)Ptolemies
(Egypt/Lib.)Ptolemies
(Egypt/Lib.)
Control Palestine320–200 BC
Foreign Rule: Greek
Greek Period Contributions:
(1) Hellenization process(2) Alexandria, Egypt(3) Greek language
•Persian•Greek
•Egyptian•Syrian
•Persian•Greek
•Egyptian•Syrian
Foreign RuleForeign Rule
Foreign Rule: Egyptian
SeptuagintImportance:• Bible of early church• Form of many OT
Syrian Rule (200–142)I. Seleucid Power A. Seleucus I (312) 1. Syrian chronology 2. Antioch (300) 3. Syrian Wars (274–200) B. Antiochus III 1. Syria—Battle of Panneas (200) 2. Palestine to Syrian control 3. Rome—Battle of Magnesia (190) 4. Antiochus IV hostage to Rome 5. War reparations fall on Seleucus IV
Foreign Rule: Syrian
Syrian Rule (200–142)II. Seleucid Problems A. Seleucus IV 1. Disastrous war debt 2. Seleucis IV murdered B. Antiochus IV Epiphanes 1. Released from Rome (175 B.C.) 2. Egyptian campaign 3. Hellenizing Palestine 4. High priest dramas (Jason, Menelaus) 5. Confronted by Rome in Egypt 6. Sacriledge in Jerusalem (167 B.C.)
Foreign Rule: Syrian Foreign Rule: Syrian
Syrian Period Contributions:
(1) Antioch of Syria(2) High priesthood perversion(3) Hellenization by force(4) Catalyst of Jewish revolt