Prepared by: Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC Savannah River Remediation, LLC Savannah River Site Aiken, SC 29808 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC09-08SR22470 United States Department of Energy Savannah River Site F-Area Tank Farm Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan (U) SRNS-RP-2012-00287 Revision 1 November 2012
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Prepared by: Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC Savannah River Remediation, LLC Savannah River Site Aiken, SC 29808 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC09-08SR22470
United States Department of Energy Savannah River Site
F-Area Tank Farm Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan (U)
SRNS-RP-2012-00287 Revision 1 November 2012
DISCLAIMER
This document was prepared in conjunction with work accomplished under Contract No. DE-AC09-08SR22470 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This work was prepared under an agreement with and funded by the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government or its employees, nor any of its contractors, subcontractors or their employees, makes any express or implied: 1. warranty or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or for the use or results of such use of any information, product, or process disclosed; or 2. representation that such use or results of such use would not infringe privately owned rights; or 3. endorsement or recommendation of any specifically identified commercial product, process, or service. Any views and opinions of authors expressed in this work do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government, or its contractors, or subcontractors
Printed in the United States of America Prepared for
U. S. Department of Energy and
Savannah River Site Nuclear Solutions, LLC Aiken, South Carolina
FTF Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan (U) SRNS-RP-2012-00287 Savannah River Site Revision 1 November 2012 Page i of v
TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page
LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ii
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ iii
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................... iv
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Sampling Unit Name and Purpose for Sampling ............................................................... 1 1.2 Sampling Unit Location ....................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Statement of Broad Objectives for the Sampling .............................................................. 2
2.0 SAMPLING UNIT BACKGROUND ............................................................................. 2 2.1 Sampling Area Physical and Geographical Description ................................................... 2
2.3.1 Tank 8 Release and Investigation .................................................................................. 7 2.3.2 F-Area Tank Farm Groundwater Monitoring ................................................................ 7 2.3.3 FFA Operable Unit Investigations ................................................................................. 8
2.4 Summary of Existing Data ................................................................................................... 9
3.0 PROJECT DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES (DQOS) .............................................. 11 3.1 Groundwater at the F-Area Tank Farm ........................................................................... 11
3.1.1 State the Problem ......................................................................................................... 11 3.1.2 Identify Goals of the Study .......................................................................................... 12 3.1.3 Identify Information Inputs .......................................................................................... 12 3.1.4 Define the Boundaries of the Study ............................................................................. 13 3.1.5 Develop the Analytical Approach ................................................................................ 13 3.1.6 Specify Performance or Acceptance Criteria ............................................................... 15 3.1.7 Develop the Plan for Obtaining the Data (Project Quality Objectives) ....................... 16
4.0 SAMPLING DESIGN AND RATIONALE ................................................................. 17 4.1 Rationale for FTF Groundwater Sample and Analysis Plan .......................................... 18
4.1.1 Groundwater Sampling of Newly Installed and Existing Monitoring Wells ............... 18 4.1.2 Data Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 19 4.1.3 Reporting ...................................................................................................................... 19
5.0 ANALYTICAL PLAN ................................................................................................... 19 5.1 Data Quality Levels ............................................................................................................ 20 5.2 Field Analytical Sampling Quality Assurance/Quality Control ..................................... 20 5.3 Sample Matrix Table .......................................................................................................... 22 5.4 Sample Location Map ......................................................................................................... 22
6.0 FIELD IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................................... 22 6.1 List of Sampling/Collection Equipment ............................................................................ 23 6.2 Investigation Derived Waste .............................................................................................. 23
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES WORKSHEET FOR GROUNDWATER AT THE F-AREA TANK FARM ....................................................................................... 39
TABLE 2: MONITORING PARAMETERS FOR THE F-AREA TANK FARM GROUNDWATER
MONITORING PLAN ..................................................................................... 40
TABLE 7: LABORATORY ANALYTICAL SPECIFICATIONS TABLE FOR TAL/TCL
ANALYTES FOR GROUNDWATER MEDIA .................................................... 46
TABLE 8: LABORATORY ANALYTICAL SPECIFICATIONS TABLE FOR RADIOLOGICAL
ANALYTES IN SOIL, SEDIMENT, SURFACE, AND GROUNDWATER MEDIA .. 47
TABLE 9: PRESERVATIVES, HOLDING TIMES, AND SAMPLE CONTAINERS FOR
GROUNDWATER COLLECTED AT THE FTF................................................. 48
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Acronym Meaning
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act Ci curies cm centimeter CRDL Contract Required Detection Limit CSM Conceptual Site Model DQD Decision Quality Data DQI Data Quality Indicator DQO Data Quality Objective ERDMS Environmental Restoration Data Management System FFA FIPSL
Federal Facility Agreement F-Area Inactive Process Sewer Line
ft3 cubic feet ft feet FTF F-Area Tank Farm GAU Gordon Aquifer Unit GCP General Closure Plan GWMP Groundwater Monitoring Plan GSA HTF
General Separations Area H-Area Tank Farm
IDW Investigation Derived Waste in inches km2 square kilometers L liters LAZ Lower Aquifer Zone LLC Limited Liability Company m meter MCL Maximum Contaminant Level MDA Minimum Detected Activity mi2 square miles mL milliliters OU Operable Unit PA Performance Assessment pCi pico curies PQO Project Quality Objective PRG Preliminary Remediation Goal PVC polyvinyl chloride QA Quality Assurance QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan QC Quality Control RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RFI RCRA Facility Investigation
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Acronym Meaning
RI Remedial Investigation ROD Record of Decision RPD Relative Percent Difference RSL USEPA Regional Screening Level SAP Sampling and Analysis Plan SCDHEC South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control SRNS Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC SRR SRS
Savannah River Remediation, LLC Savannah River Site
ssEQL Sample Specific Estimated Quantitation Limit mg milligrams TAL Target Analyte List TCL Target Compound List UAZ Upper Aquifer Zone UCL Upper Control Limit USDOE United States Department of Energy USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency UTRA Upper Three Runs Aquifer VV Verified and Validated WSRC Westinghouse Savannah River Company, LLC prior to December 8, 2005;
Washington Savannah River Company, LLC after December 8, 2005
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) for the F-Area Tank Farm (FTF) was prepared
using the approved template for Sampling and Analysis Plans. The SAP template was
prepared in accordance with the United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) Uniform Federal Policy for Quality Assurance Project Plans (USEPA et al
2005) and the Area Completion Projects Programmatic Quality Assurance Project Plan
for Environmental Data Collection and Management (SRNS 2012a). Project- or task-
specific information of the FTF is documented in the SAP and refers to the program level
Quality Assurance Program Plan (QAPP) (SRNS 2012a) for the program level quality
objectives, standard operating procedures, and quality assurance/quality control
procedures.
1.1 Sampling Unit Name and Purpose for Sampling
As required by the Industrial Wastewater General Closure Plan for F-Area Waste Tank
Systems (SRR 2011) (herein referred to as the General Closure Plan [GCP]) monitoring
of the groundwater beneath the FTF will continue as requested by South Carolina
Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) in support of Construction
Permit # 17,424-IW. Groundwater monitoring will be conducted in accordance with the
an approved FTF Groundwater Monitoring Plan (GWMP) during the interim period from
the time the individual waste tanks and ancillary equipment are removed from service
through post-closure groundwater monitoring defined in a final Record of Decision
(ROD) for the FTF Operable Unit (OU). There are currently two monitoring programs in
place [i.e., FTF/H-Area Tank Farm (HTF) Groundwater Monitoring and General
Separations Area (GSA) Western Groundwater OU] that utilize data from wells at and
around the FTF to document current groundwater conditions.
The F-Area Tank Farm Groundwater Monitoring Plan, Revision 1, was submitted in
February 2012 and approved by both regulatory agencies (SRNS 2012b). The FTF
GWMP includes a description of the groundwater monitoring network, sampling
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frequency, constituents and associated detection limits, reporting frequency, and triggers
for evaluation of corrective action. The Core Team agreed that the details of the
sampling plan, including the sampling design and data quality objectives process, could
be presented in a separate SAP in support of the approved GWMP.
1.2 Sampling Unit Location
F Area occupies 364 acres in the north-central portion of the Savannah River Site (SRS)
within an area commonly referred to as the GSA (Figure 1). The GSA is located atop a
ridge running southwest to northeast that forms the drainage divide between Upper Three
Runs Creek to the north, Fourmile Branch to the south, and McQueen Branch to the east
and encompasses approximately 39 km2 (15 mi2). The FTF is located in the southern part
of F Area and occupies 22 acres (Figure 2).
The FTF is an active facility and is heavily developed. The FTF site was chosen because
of its favorable terrain and its proximity to the F-Canyon Separations Facility (the major
waste generation source), which was located near the center of the site, away from the
SRS boundaries.
1.3 Statement of Broad Objectives for the Sampling
The primary objective of the SAP is to develop the sampling design and data quality
objectives in support of the detection monitoring program as outlined in the approved
FTF GWMP.
2.0 SAMPLING UNIT BACKGROUND
2.1 Sampling Area Physical and Geographical Description
2.1.1 Physical Setting
Surface elevations at the FTF range from approximately 85 to 91.5 m (280 to 300 ft)
above mean sea level. Ground cover at the FTF is predominantly asphalt paving with
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little surface exposed to infiltration. Surface runoff is predominantly to the south, west,
and north to tributaries of Fourmile Branch and Upper Three Runs Creek.
2.1.2 Climate
Rainfall at the site tends to be evenly distributed throughout the year. The average annual
precipitation at SRS is 121.9 cm (48 in). The evaporation rate is approximately 76.2 cm
(30 in) per year. The most severe weather is limited to frequent thunderstorms and
infrequent tornadoes and hurricanes. Additional details concerning the climatology and
meteorology of SRS can be found in the Performance Assessment (PA) for the FTF (SRR
2010a).
2.1.3 Hydrostratigraphy
The SRS lies in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, a southeast-dipping wedge of unconsolidated
and semi-consolidated sediment, which extends from its contact with the Piedmont
Province at the Fall Line to the continental shelf edge. Sediments range in geologic age
from Late Cretaceous to Recent and include sands, clays, limestones, and gravels. This
sedimentary sequence ranges in thickness from essentially zero at the Fall Line to more
than 1,219 m (4,000 ft) at the Atlantic Coast. At SRS, coastal plain sediments thicken
from approximately 213 m (700 ft) at the northwestern boundary to approximately 430 m
(1,410 ft) at the southeastern boundary of the site and form a series of aquifers and
confining and semi-confining units. Aquifer systems include the Floridan, Dublin, and
Midville systems.
Groundwater within the Floridan Aquifer system flows toward streams and swamps and
into the Savannah River at rates ranging from inches to several hundred feet per year.
The depth to which nearby streams cut into sediments, the lithology of the sediments, and
the orientation of the sediment formations control the horizontal and vertical movement
of the groundwater. The valleys of smaller perennial streams, such as Fourmile Branch,
McQueen Branch, and Crouch Branch in the GSA, allow discharge from the shallow
saturated geologic formations. With the release of water to the streams, the hydraulic
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head of the aquifer unit releasing the water can become less than that of the underlying
unit. If this occurs, groundwater has the potential to migrate upward from the lower unit
to the overlying unit.
The hydrogeology at the FTF resides on coastal plain sediments consisting of alternating
sequences of sands, silts, and clays. The Upper Three Runs Aquifer (UTRA) is the
shallowest aquifer beneath the GSA. A semi-continuous confining unit (i.e., commonly
referred to as the “tan clay” confining zone) divides the UTRA into the Upper Aquifer
Zone (UAZ) and Lower Aquifer Zone (LAZ). A more continuous aquitard, the Gordon
Confining Unit (commonly referred to as the “green clay”) underlies the LAZ and
confines the underlying Gordon Aquifer Unit (GAU). Figure 3 depicts the regional
lithologic units and their corresponding hydrostratigraphic units (i.e., aquifers and
confining units) at SRS (Aadland et al 1995).
Current water level data indicate depth to shallow groundwater varies from 15.2 to 22 m
(50 to 72 ft) below land surface. Because the FTF resides on a topographic high within
the GSA, shallow groundwater flow mirrors the topography and is radially outward
towards nearby streams and swamps which eventually flow to the Savannah River
(Figure 4). The rate of flow in the shallow groundwater varies from inches to several feet
per year.
The depth of which nearby streams cut in to sediments, the lithology of the sediments,
and the orientation of the sediment formations control the horizontal and vertical
movement of the groundwater. Figure 5 depicts a conceptual diagram of surface and
groundwater flow at the GSA.
2.2 Operational History
The FTF was constructed to receive waste generated by various SRS production,
processing, and laboratory facilities. The use of the FTF isolated these wastes from the
environment, SRS workers, and the public. Facilities are in place to pretreat the
accumulated sludge and salt solutions (supernate) to enable the management of these
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wastes within other SRS facilities (i.e., Defense Waste Processing Facility and Saltstone
Production Facility). These treatment facilities convert the sludge and supernate to more
stable forms suitable for permanent disposal in a federal repository or the Saltstone
Disposal Facility, as appropriate.
The FTF consists of approximately 45,000 ft (8.5 miles) of transfer lines, 22 liquid waste
storage tanks, two evaporator systems, transfer pipelines, six diversion boxes, one catch
tank, a concentrate transfer system tank, and three pump pits. There are three major waste
tank types in FTF that range in size from 750,000 gallons (Type I tanks) to 1.3 million
gallons (Type III and Type IV tanks) and have varying degrees of secondary containment
and intra-tank interference, such as cooling coils and columns. Each of the tank types
were constructed at different times during which design features were greatly improved
upon.
The waste tanks are designated new style or old style based on type of containment, type
of leak detection and/or leakage. The old style tanks do not meet current standards for
secondary containment and/or leak detection or have leaked. Even though the FTF is still
in the operational period, the USDOE is in the process of removing wastes from tanks to
achieve operational closures under the Savannah River Site’s Federal Facility Agreement
(FFA). As required by SCDHEC Regulation 61-67, Standards for Wastewater Facility
Construction and SCDHEC Regulation 61-82, Proper Closeout of Wastewater Treatment
Facilities and Construction Permit #17,424-IW a closure plan has been prepared to
support the removal from service of the FTF underground radioactive waste tanks and
ancillary equipment.
USDOE’s anticipated schedule for removal of the waste tank systems from service was
developed in accordance with federal and state agreements. The FFA provides dates for
bulk waste removal efforts and completion of operational closures of Type I, Type II and
Type IV tanks (i.e., waste tanks that do not meet the standards set forth in Appendix B of
the FFA). Type III and Type IIIA tanks will remain in service until there is no longer a
need for them to support waste treatment, as described in the Savannah River Site
approved Site Treatment Plan, 2010 Update (SRNS 2011a).
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During the waste tank operational closure period, at-tank leak detection is conducted by
automatic surveillance of sump monitoring systems. Daily inspections are conducted with
monitoring of secondary containment piping, routine direct visual camera surveys in the
annular spaces and non-routine direct visual camera surveys in primary tanks through
opened access risers and/or inspection ports in the roof. The leak detection and tank
inspection program conducted in accordance with the annual HLW Tank Farm Inspection
Plan will continue until agreement is reached to cease waste removal operations. Results
of the inspection program are reported annually on or before July 01 of each year as
required by Section IX.A.2 of the FFA and C Permit 17,424-IW.
USDOE is in the process of removing the remaining FTF waste tanks and ancillary
structures from service in accordance with the FTF General Closure Plan (SRR 2011) and
tank system-specific closure modules. Additional details concerning the regulatory
framework related to waste tank closure and removal from service can be found in the
FTF GCP (SRR 2011).
2.3 Previous Investigations/Regulatory Actions
The tanks in the FTF have only showed evidence of minor leaks which were typically
contained within the tank annulus (SRR 2010b; WSRC 1991; WSRC 1994). Other minor
releases and spills have been noted due to equipment failure, corrosion or operator error
(WSRC 1991). These sites have been placed in the FFA’s Appendix C (Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act [RCRA]/Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act [CERCLA] Units List) as part of the FTF OU for
evaluation and possible remediation (WSRC 1996).
To support ongoing operation and closure of the FTF waste tanks per the GCP,
groundwater is currently monitored at the FTF according to the FTF Groundwater
Monitoring Plan (SRNS 2012b).
The following sections provide a summary of operations investigative work completed or
ongoing at the FTF. Additionally, because the groundwater at the FTF is included within
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a larger FFA OU (i.e., GSA Western Groundwater OU), a summary of other OU
groundwater investigations performed in the area is also provided to illustrate previous
conditions of the groundwater system.
2.3.1 Tank 8 Release and Investigation
In 1961, approximately 1,500 gallons of waste leaked into subsurface soil from Tank 8 as
a result of an overfill (Garvin et al 1975). Investigation of the area in 1975 and 1976
through soil borings and dry well monitoring with radiation detectors determined an area
approximately 1,000 – 1,500 ft3 of soil was contaminated to a depth of 3.7 to 7.9 m (12 to
26 ft) below grade (Odum 1976). It was estimated that approximately 5,000 Ci of
cesium-137 and lesser amounts of strontium-90 and plutonium-238/239 were also present
(Odum 1976).
Analysis of the data determined that based on the location of the zone of contamination
and ion exchange capabilities of the soil, it was estimated that it would be many years
before the contamination reached shallow groundwater (Garvin et al 1975). Subsequent
soil investigation conducted in 1986 concluded that the zone of contamination had not
moved laterally (Grant et al 1986). There have been no additional studies since that time.
However, groundwater monitoring has continued as described below.
2.3.2 F-Area Tank Farm Groundwater Monitoring
The FTF groundwater monitoring program is currently being conducted according to the
FTF Groundwater Monitoring Plan (SRNS 2012b). The FTF Groundwater Monitoring
program is designed to monitor groundwater quality associated with the tank systems and
to detect any future impacts to groundwater that may occur. The results are reported
annually which includes a discussion of any trends and/or changes in the groundwater
quality conditions.
Various historical spills and releases have been recorded at the FTF. To determine
potential impact, groundwater monitoring and data analysis were needed at the FTF.
Therefore, between 1972 and 1984, 27 monitoring wells with prefix FTF were installed
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in the FTF in locations that surrounded tank groupings. These wells were all installed
near the top of the water table aquifer (approximately 21.3 to 30.5 m [70 to 100 ft] below
ground surface).
By the early 2000’s, 18 of the FTF wells inside the facility had become unusable due to
the accumulation of sand and silt resulting in reduced or no flow. Because most of these
wells were on the north side of the facility, new wells (FTF 28 and FTF 29) were added
in 2002 and installed in the deeper LAZ of the UTRA along likely flow paths leading
from the FTF to Upper Three Runs Creek. These wells were located outside the FTF
facility away from areas of contaminated soil and historical spill sites. The FTF
monitoring program presently uses eleven (11) of the FTF prefixed wells.
Samples are collected and analyzed for gross alpha, nonvolatile beta, tritium, and nitrate-
nitrite. Sodium and total chromium are also analyzed to monitor the cooling systems.
The current results are presented in the latest F/HTF groundwater report (SRNS 2012c).
2.3.3 FFA Operable Unit Investigations
USDOE currently has an active groundwater monitoring program for monitoring
groundwater impacts from historical releases and spills within F Area and the FTF
(including the waste tanks). These spill sites were previously listed on the FFA
Appendix G (Site Evaluation Areas) by USDOE at the time of FFA approval and have
subsequently been placed on Appendix C (RCRA/ CERCLA Units List) as part of the
FTF OU for evaluation and possible remediation.
Sources of contamination present in groundwater at the FTF are derived from historical
releases from these spill sites. The FFA spill sites as listed for the FTF OU are depicted
on Figure 6.
In an effort to adequately monitor groundwater at F Area due to multiple sources and the
industrial setting the F-Area Tank Farm Groundwater OU and the F-Area Canyon
Groundwater OU were created; these were later combined and the name was changed to
the GSA Western Groundwater OU (WSRC 2004). This combined OU encompasses the
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Work Plan for the General Separations Area (GSA) Western Groundwater Operable Unit
(U), WSRC-RP-2003-4147, Revision 1.1, November 2004. Westinghouse Savannah
River Company, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC.
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FIGURES
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Figure 1: Location of F Area in the General Separations Area at the Savannah River Site
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Figure 2: Location of the F-Area Tank Farm at F Area, SRS
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Figure 3: Hydrostratigraphic Units at F Area (modified from Aadland et al, 1995)
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Figure 4: Potentiometric Surface and Groundwater Flow Directions at the F-Area Tank Farm
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Figure 5: Surface and Groundwater Flow at the General Separations Area (modified from SRR, 2011)
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Figure 6: Location of FFA OUs and Key Facilities at the F-Area Tank Farm
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Figure 7: Historical Nonvolatile Beta and Technetium-99 Activities in Monitoring Well FTF 28
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Figure 8: Location of UAZ and LAZ Wells At and Near the F-Area Tank Farm
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Figure 9: Location of Wells for the F-Area Tank Farm Groundwater Monitoring Network
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TABLES
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Table 1: Data Quality Objectives Worksheet for Groundwater at the F-Area Tank Farm
Pathway (Media)
Probable Conditions
Exposure Pathway and/or Release Mechanisms
Data Needs and DQOs Including
Engineering/Physical Processes
Field Activities Including Removal and
Characterization Parameters
Potential Remedial Action
Alternatives
Groundwater
Contamination of groundwater from leaching of secondary sources and spills from primary sources (i.e., waste tanks). Contaminated groundwater elevated above risk-based screening criteria exists. Known technetium-99 activities are present in a downgradient LAZ well. Varying shallow subsurface groundwater flow directions and rates result in multiple flow paths.
Ingestion or dermal contact with groundwater or inhalation of groundwater vapor.
Establish permanent monitoring locations in the UAZ and LAZ to monitor and evaluate groundwater contaminant concentration trends. Obtain groundwater data needed to adequately monitor possible contaminant release and movement in the groundwater. Establish and monitor background groundwater locations for data comparisons to upgradient groundwater quality at the FTF.
Sample monitoring wells in the UAZ and LAZ to monitor groundwater in the northwest and southwest vicinity of the FTF.
Nitrate/nitrite, cadmium, chromium, manganese, sodium, gross alpha, nonvolatile beta, and tritium. Technetium-99 for a select number of wells. Alpha, beta, and/or gamma speciation, if trigger levels exceeded for gross alpha (15 pCi/L) and/or nonvolatile beta (50 pCi/L), as required.
No remedial actions are warranted. Semi -annual sampling of groundwater monitoring wells and annual reporting will continue.
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Table 2: Monitoring Parameters for the F-Area Tank Farm Groundwater Monitoring Plan Proposed Analytes for
Existing and New Wells (2 times/year)‡
Current Monitoring
Program Analytical Method
MCL/PRG (pCi/L,
pCi/mL, mg/L)
Action Level
CRDL/Typical MDA
Inorganics
Nitrate/Nitrite X EPA353.2 10 mg/L NA 0.01 mg/L (3)
Metals
Cadmium EPA6010C 0.005 mg/L NA 0.002 mg/L (3)
Chromium X EPA6010C 0.1 mg/L NA 0.002 mg/L (3)
Manganese EPA6010C NA NA 0.002 mg/L (3)
Sodium X EPA6010C NA NA 0.002 mg/L (3)
Radionuclide Indicators
Gross Alpha X EPA900.0MOD NA 15 pCi/L Sample Specific (2)
Nonvolatile Beta X EPA900.0MOD NA 4 mrem Sample Specific (2)
Radionuclides
Technetium-99 Beta Spectroscopy (1) 900 pCi/L NA 17.3 pCi/L (3)
Tritium X EPA906.0MOD 20 pCi/mL NA 0.5 pCi/mL (3)
Alpha Speciation (if gross alpha > 15 pCi/L)
X Alpha Spectroscopy (1) NA NA See Table 5 for selected isotopes
Beta Speciation (if nonvolatile beta > 50 pCi/L)
X Beta Spectroscopy (1) NA NA See Table 5 for selected isotopes
Gamma Speciation (if nonvolatile beta > 50 pCi/L)
X Gamma Spectroscopy (1) NA NA See Table 5 for selected isotopes
Proposed Field Parameters (1) No nationally recognized standardized methods, except Ra-226 and Ra-288 (EPA903.0MOD). (2) All minimum detected activities (MDAs) are on a sample specific basis, typical MDA for selected isotopes are provided in Tables 7 and 8, limits are not always attainable. (3) Contract Required Detection Limits (CRDL) are not always attainable. ‡The Analyte List includes radionuclides for information only.
Depth to Water X
pH X
specific conductance X
temperature X
turbidity X
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b 4. Radionuclides: Tritium 5. Radionuclides: Technetium-99 6. Field Parameters: Depth to Water, pH, specific conductance, temperature, and turbidity b If the gross alpha result exceeds 15 pCi/L, then an alpha spectroscopy will be performed to include americium-241, plutonium-
238, plutonium-239/240, and uranium-238. If the nonvolatile beta result exceeds 50 pCi/L, then a beta/gamma spectroscopy will be performed to include iodine-129, strontium-90, cesium-137, cobalt-60, and technetium-99.
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Table 4: Laboratory Contract Required Detection Limits Compared to Regional Screening Levels for Surface or Groundwater Media
Tap Water RSL
MCL
CRDL
CRDL>
Analyte CAS (µg/L) (µg/L) (µg/L) MCL/RSL
Cadmium 7440-43-9 6.9E-03 5.0E00 2.0E+00 >RSL Chromium 7440-47-3 1.0E+02 2.0E+00 No Manganese 7439-96-5 8.8E+02 ! 2.0E+00 No Nitrate-Nitrite as Nitrogen NO3NO2 1.0E+04 1.0E+01 No Sodium 7440-23-5 2.0E+00 No
>RSL means CRDL is greater than the RSL
FTF Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan (U) SRNS-RP-2012-00287 Savannah River Site Revision 1 November 2012 Page 44 of 48
Table 5: Minimum Detected Activity Compared to Water Radiological MCL/PRGs
Analyte Typical MDA
MCL/PRG MDA>MCL/PRG
Proposed Analytes for Existing and
New Wells (2 times/year)
Alpha Spectroscopy (pCi/L)
Americium-241 0.4 15 No X
Americium-243 0.462 15 No
Curium-242 0.9 15 No
Neptunium-237 0.771 15 No
Plutonium-238 0.35 15 No X
Plutonium-239/240 0.353 15 No X
Plutonium-242 0.372 15 No
Thorium-228 0.445 15 No
Thorium-230 0.523 15 No
Thorium-232 0.45 15 No
Uranium-233/234 0.663 10 Noa
Uranium-235 0.684 0.47 Noa
Uranium-238 0.744 10 Noa X
Gamma Spectroscopy (pCi/L)
Actinium-228 25 26.6 No
Cesium-137 5 200 No X
Cobalt-60 10 100 No X
Lead-214 20 154 No
Potassium-40 75 2.14 Yes
Specific Analyses (pCi/L)
Carbon-14 10 2,000 No
Iodine-129 1 1 No X
Nickel-59 20 300 No
Nickel-63 10 50 No
Promethium-147 10 600 No
Radium-226 0.3 5 No
Radium-228 0.5 5 No
Strontium-90 0.852 8 No X
Technetium-99 17.3 900 No X
Tritium (pCi/mL) 0.5 20 No X aFrom Rucker 2001.
Note: All minimum detected activity (MDAs) are sample specific. The MDAs represented above are typical MDA as reported by the subcontract laboratories but are not always achievable.
FTF Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan (U) SRNS-RP-2012-00287 Savannah River Site Revision 1 November 2012 Page 45 of 48
Table 6: Minimum Field Quality Control/Quality Assurance Sampling Requirements
Data Quality Level
Field Quality Control/Quality
Assurance Samples
Frequency of Field Quality Control/
Quality Assurance Sample
VV
Co-located Field Duplicate Minimum 5% (1)
Trip Blank Minimum 1 per cooler
Equipment Blank 1 per 40 samples(2)
Field Blank Optional; 1 per 40 samples(3)
Split Sample Minimum 5%
D
Co-located Field Duplicate Minimum 5%(1)
Trip Blank 1 per cooler
Equipment Blank 1 per 40 samples(2)
Field Blank Optional; 1 per 40 samples(3)
Split Sample Minimum 5%
Data Quality Levels VV Data Verified and Validated Data (validated to automated criteria; equivalent to USEPA
Screening Level Data) D Data USEPA Definitive Level Data Footnotes: (1) Minimum frequency established per ER-SOP-043 (2) Typical frequency (3) Recommended based on project needs; typical frequency
FTF Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan (U) SRNS-RP-2012-00287 Savannah River Site Revision 1 November 2012 Page 46 of 48
Table 7: Laboratory Analytical Specifications Table for TAL/TCL Analytes for Groundwater Media
Inorganics Nitrate-Nitrite as Nitrogen NO3NO2 EPA353.2 10.0
A) CRDL is the Contract Required Detection Limit and is not always attainable. B) Extraction and preparation methods differ depending upon media, concentration, instrument, laboratory, and analytical method. Preparation methods will also influence detection limits.
FTF Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan (U) SRNS-RP-2012-00287 Savannah River Site Revision 1 November 2012 Page 47 of 48
Table 8: Laboratory Analytical Specifications Table for Radiological Analytes in Soil, Sediment, Surface, and Groundwater Media
a All MDAs are sample-specific. The MDAs represented above are typical MDAs as reported by the subcontract laboratories but are not always achievable. MDA = Minimum detected activity. NNS = No national standard. USEPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency.
FTF Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan (U) SRNS-RP-2012-00287 Savannah River Site Revision 1 November 2012 Page 48 of 48
Table 9: Preservatives, Holding Times, and Sample Containers for Groundwater Collected at the FTF
Parameter Preservative Holding Time Container
Metals (except chromium [VI] and mercury)
HNO3 to pH <2 6 months 1-L HDPE
Miscellaneous
Nitrate-Nitrite Cool to 4○ C. H2SO4 to pH < 2. 28 days 250 mL HDPE
Radionuclides
Radiological Test Gross Alpha HNO3 to pH <2 6 months 2-L HDPE
Radiological Test Nonvolatile Beta HNO3 to pH <2 6 months 2-L HDPE
Radium Total HNO3 to pH <2 6 months 2-L HDPE
Tritium None, Cool 0 to 6°C 180 days 250-mL amber glass