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vmpfb öfokm 1
(svfpfv mfnfsqt, kvdhqkD W öf²¿A-nQÛÁf§À kKAfhtD)
؟كيف نستقبل رمضان
HfNf§Àsv }-
vmpfb öfokm 2
zhkvdBjf
ـ ا احلمد هللا رب العاملني، والصالة والسالم على أشرف املرسلني،
نبين :وبعد. حممد وعلى آله وصحبه أمجعني
ˆjde svfpfv hƒ Kfjsk zfhfv sjb ˆ hƒ? ˆ iaw´ öfHfdhj. zfnst ˆ
hƒ-ˆ djYc bkcb dudbn zfsY, pf ‰ hƒ-ˆ sbƒ. svfpf W dydj{nf-dhÎfsbv
djYc oshNBfv jKf, svfpf W öf²¿A n©ijGDq jKf, svfpf W vmBDv jKf,
svfpf W dwðv jKf ˆhQ svfpf W LCmifqDv jKf ˆƒ icd²Àjfv bkcb zfjNGB.
zfwf jdv ncr™l ifEjhx¦l isV …ijxk rshb ˆhQ lczf jvshb kfslv ubA,
pfvf ˆv iaBqsb idvwam jsvsYb. mrfb zfïfr spb zfmfslv iasyóf,
zfmfslv bfmfp-svfpf jhct jsv dbb ˆhQ mvsBv iv `vfƒqfb' ufâfsk
iashwfdLjfv lfb jsvb. zfmDb.
dhbDk- zfèct rfmDl IfƒpD
zft-mfumfzfr n†lD zfvh
wf'hfb 1427 druvD
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vmpfb öfokm 3
sssvvvfffpppfffvvv IIIpppDDDtttkkk
nfLfvBHfsh svfpfv IpDtk hBGbf jsv hù rflDn hdBGk rsqsY. dbsḿ
jdkiq nrDr rflDn iadBLfbspfoA }- 1. rpvk zfhc ùvfƒvf jkxGj hdBGk,
dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªzfïfr zfpXpf zufï hstb, `zflm
n§Àfsbv iaskAj zfmt kfv dbsuv ubA; ksh svfpf bq, spsrkc kf zfmfvƒ
ubA ˆhQ zfdm dbsuƒ kfv iadklfb slh.' svfpf Tft n¶v™i. nckvfQ
skfmfslv jfsvf svfpfv dlb rst sn spb zw½Dt bf hsj W UoVf-SrSy bf
jsv; iv§Â pdl kfsj sj… oftfofdt jsv zKhf kfv nfsK tVsk yfq, ksh sn
spb hst, `zfdm svfpf svsJdY, zfmfv svfpf zfsY.' snƒ nÙfv wiK p]fv
rfsk mcrf©mslv iafB zfsY! dbÇyqƒ svfpflfsvv mcsJv lcoGá zfïfrv dbje
j²ÂvDv nchfn zsi[f zdLjkv ncoámq. svfpflfsvv ubA vsqsY lc'de JcwD,
pf sn tfH jsv; pJb sn ƒIkfv jsv kJb ƒIkfvD dbsq JcwD rq. zfv pJb sn
kfv iadkiftsjv nfsK nf[f{ jvsh kJb kfv svfpf dbsq JcwD rsh. (hcJfvD
1904, mcndtm 1151 bQ) 2. rpvk ùpfƒIf hstb, zfdm bhD -sj htsk ðsbdY
sp, ªmfbcsNv idvhfv, Lb-n©il W iadkshwDv hAfifsv Odek dhdHâ dIkbf W
sofbfrv jfIXIfvf rt bfmfp, svfpf W
vmpfb öfokm 4
nljfr.« (hc} 1895, mc} 144bQ) 3. rpvk nfrXt dhb nf'l rsk hdBGk,
bhD hstb, ufâfskv ˆj iashwl¶fv vsqsY, pfv bfm `vfƒqfb.' djqfmskv
dlb ‰ l¶fv dlsq svfpflfvoB iashw jvsh. kfvf YfVf kfslv nfsK zfv
sj…ƒ ‰ l¶fv dlsq iashw jvsh bf. htf rsh, `sjfKfq svfpflfvoB?'
nckvfQ kfvf ‰ lvuf dlsq (ufâfsk) iashw jvsh. zk}iv pJb kfslv nhGswN
hAdÙÁ iashw jvsh, kJb sn l¶fv v¢Ý jvf rsh. Ist sn l¶fv dlsq zfv
sj…ƒ iashw jvsk ifvsh bf.« (hc}1896 bQ, mc} 1152 bQ, bf}, dk}) 4.
rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªsvfpf rt ufrfâfm
sKsj v[fv ubA Tft W lcsHGlA lcoGöv™i.« (zf}, hf} ðzfhct „mfb, nuf}
3880bQ) 5. rpvk zfè cïfr dhb zfmXv jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt hstb,
ªdjqfmskv dlb svfpf ˆhQ jcvzfb hf¦lfv ubA ncifdvw jvsh. svfpf htsh,
`sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfdm Wsj ifbfrfv W spZbjmG sKsj dhvk svsJdYtfm.
nckvfQ Wv hAfifsv zfmfv ncifdvw oarB jv.' zfv jcvzfb htsh, `zfdm
Wsj vfsÛ dblaf sKsj dhvk svsJdYtfm. nckvfQ Wv hAfifsv zfmfv ncifdvw
oarB jv.' bhD hstb, ªzkˆh Wslv …Hsqv ncifdvw oxrDk rsh.« (zf},
k¶fhf} jfhDv, rf}, ƒhsb zfdhÜcbqAfv `djkfhct uc', nkf} 969 bQ)
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vmpfb öfokm 5
sssvvvfffpppfffvvv ………sssÜÜÜwwwAAA,,, ttt[[[AAA,,,
………iiijjjfffdddvvvkkkfff WWW ssspppZZZdddÙÙÙÁÁÁjjjkkkfff
mrfb zfïfrv 99 ˆv zdLj nc¦lv bfmfhtDv zbAkm bfm rt `zft-rfjDm.'
`zft-rfjDm' zKG drjmk-Wqftf, dhÎfbmq, iaÎfmq. zfv drjmk W iaÎf rt
nhGjmG pKfspfoAHfsh SbicsBAv nfsK n©iflb jvf. mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ bfsmv
lfhD ˆƒ sp, dkdb pf djYc nxdó jsvsYb zKhf mfbcsNv ubA dhdLhÝ jsvsYb
kfv iaskAjefv iÇyfsk zfsY idviCBG pcdÙÁ W drjmk; kf sj… hcUsk n[m
srfj zKhf z[m. sp svfpf zfïfr kfzftf hf¦lfv …iv Ivp W dhdLhÝ jsvsYb
kfv mfsU vsqsY zHfhbDq spZdÙÁjkf W zdy§ÀbDq …ijfdvkf. spmb }- 1.
svfpf rt ˆj ˆmb ƒhflk, pfv mfLAsm hf¦lf iaHcv SbjeAtfH jvsk n[m rq.
ˆsk sn iajxdkokHfsh sp dudbn Hfstfhfsn kf huGb jsv; huGb jsv njt
iajfv ifbfrfv W spZbdÛÁqf. zfv ˆv mfLAsm sn dbu iadkiftsjv n§Âdó
jfmbf jsv. zfwf jsv ivjfstv nfItA W shsrñXtfH. ˆsk ˆƒ jKfƒ ±ió rq
sp, sn dbsuv diaq h²Âv …iv iaHcv diaq h²Âsj iafLfbA slq ˆhQ ƒrjfstv
uDhsbv …iv ivjfstv uDhbsjƒ swaôk¶ slq. 2. svfpflfv pKfdbqsm svfpf
iftb jvst svfpf kfsj mcÙfjD
vmpfb öfokm 6
W ivsrpofv hfbfsk nrfqj rq. kfv uDhb isK kfjWqf W ivsrpofvDv
zfstf dh¤Ycdvk rq. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsr „mfblfvoB! skfmfslv …iv
svfpf Ivp jvf rt, spmb skfmfslv iChGhkGD …©mskv …iv Ivp jvf rsqdYt.
pfsk skfmvf ivsrpofv rsk ifv.« (jc} 2/183) nckvfQ svfpflfv svfpf
svsJ kfv uDhsbv iaskAj dy§Àf, jKf W jsmG `kfjWqf' zfbsh -ˆefƒ
hfdÒk. zfv `kfjWqf' rt snƒ zfïfr-HDdkv bfm, pfv mfLAsm hf¦lf k]fv
njt zfslw pKfnfLA iftb jsv ytsh ˆhQ pfhkDq dbdNÝ jmG sKsj nclCsv
Kfjsh. htf hfùtA, ˆefƒ rt svfpfv mrfb …sÜwA W iaLfb t[A. ifbfrfv W
spZbdÛÁqf dbdNÝjvsBv mfLAsm mfbcNsj hxKf jó slWqf svfpfv …sÜwA bq.
diaq bhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ svfpf svsJ dmKAf jKf W kfv …iv zfmt kAfo
jvsk ifvt bf, sn hAdÙÁv ifbfrfv kAfo jvfv mfsU zfïfrv sjfb iasqfub
sbƒ.« (hc} 6057, ƒmf} 1689, zf} 2/452, 505, Icdnkfpf} 6-7ix}) 3.
svfpf zfk¹fsj kvdhqk lfb jsv, ydvÛsj nHA W zflwGdHdÙj jsv osV skfst
ˆhQ svfpflfsvv zfyvsB …{jxókfv ²¿fdqk¶ zfbqb jsv. mcndtsmv
öHfh-iajxdksk svfpf oHDvHfsh iaHfh dh²Àfv jsv. svfpfv nQswfLbD
hfkGf kfv r™lq-msb kfnDv svsJ pfq. svfpflfsvv z§Àsv ˆmb ufovB nxdó
jsv ˆhQ kfv msbv lcqfsv ˆmb zk¦û iarvD JfVf jsv slq sp, sn dbsuv
zfk¹fsj dbq§ ÃsB vfJsk n[m rq ˆhQ ˆƒ
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vmpfb öfokm 7
iarvDv syfsJ I]fdj dlsq sjfbW Sbdkjkf-dhsvfLD jmG jvsk ƒ¤Yf W
syófW jvsk ifsv bf. ˆef dj jsv rsk ifsv sp, svfpflfv kfv iadkiftsjv
dbje nkAhfdlkfv idvyq slsh, zKy mfbcsNv nsÌ dmKAf htsh? dbsuv
svfpfq zf§Àdvjkf vfJsh, zKy dbu nmfsuv nsÌ sLfjfhfuD W jiekf ialwGb
jvsh? ƒJtfn W zf§Àdvjkf ˆjde nfmdoaj h²Â; pf HfofHfdo rq bf. pfv
nshGf¤y ipGfq W nfvfQw rt nxdójkGf z§ÀpGfmD zfïfrv nfsK zf§Àdvjkf W
dhðÝdyÙkf. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁv zfïfrv nfsK zf§Àdvjkf Kfjsh, sn hAdÙÁv
s[sÛ zn©Hh sp, sn mfbcNsj sLfjf slsh, zfmfbsk sJqfbk jvsh, zivsj
Edjsq Jfsh, ycdv jvsh, pctm jvsh zKhf zivsj jó slsh. i[f§Àsv pdl
jfsvf yÛÁfs§À isV hf HctÛÁsm ˆ Lvsbv sjfb ifi jsvƒ hsn, kfrst nfsK
nfsK sn ncisK dIsv zfsn, zfïfrv dbje kWhf jsv, zbckå rq, tdÏk rq
nDmfrDb. nckvfQ svfpf rt ˆjde nclxP dHdÙv …iv ncydvÛ oEsbv …ijvB
ˆhQ kf nmxÝjvsBv ubA zfHA§ÀvDB ˆj smZdtj …iflfb. zfv dhdlk sp,
hfdrAj snZ¦lspGv hfrfv sjfb mCtA vfsJ bf; pdl bf zHA§Àv nclxP W
muhck rq. kfƒ svfpflfsvv uDhsb kfv zfJtfj-ydvÛ ²¿fdqk¶, d²¿dkwDtkf,
hLGbwDtkf W waDhxdÝwDtkfv ÈBfhtD oarB jsv Kfsj. jfvB, kfv njt zfyvB
dHkv W hfƒsv sKsj dbqd§ Ãk W ncvd[k rsq pfq.
vmpfb öfokm 8
(Ifƒp} 224ix}) 6. svfpf svfpflfvsj jczHAfsnv lfnk¶ sKsj mcdÙÁlfb
jsv. ˆmb hù mfbcN zfsY, pfvf ˆmb hù sbfQvf zHAfsn zHAfnD rsq isV
ˆhQ kfv I]fl sKsj shv rWqfv sjfb iK J]csu ifq bf. dj§Â svfpf ˆst
kfslvsj slJf pfq sp, kfvf kfslv sn nm²À jczHAfnsj idviCBGv™si huGb
jsv sIstsY. htf hfùtA, ˆefƒ rq kfslv ubA nchBG-ncspfo; pfv mfsU
kfslv snƒ njt m¦l zHAfsnv iÓf sKsj dbsuslvsj nru …ifsq öfLDb jsv
dbsk ifsv, sp njt zHAfn kfslv mfbdnj lcdÇy§Àf W hAfdLv ˆjmfÛ jfvB.
(nfvf} 40ix}) 9. svfpf idviCBGv™si zfïfrv dbje zfk¹nmiGB ˆhQ k]fv
iCBG lfnk¶ jvfv jKf dw[f slq. svfpf mcndtmsj iajxk lfnsk¶v zbcwDtb
slq. kfƒ skf sn vfskv shtfq Jfq, ifb jsv. jfvB, kfv iaHc sp
hstsYb,
zKGf{, zfv skfmvf ifbfrfv jv, pk[B ipG§À bf (vfskv) jfstf zájfv
sKsj Iusvv nflf svJf skfmfslv dbje ±ió rsqsY. (jc} 2/187) htf
hfùtA, ˆ ubAƒ ƒIkfv W snrvDv nmq JfWqf rt ncâk W mc²Àfrfh ˆhQ bf
sJsq ˆjefbf iviv jsqjdlb svfpf vfJf mjv™r. zkˆh svfpf vfJfv ubA
snrvD JfWqf ˆhQ svfpfv swsN ƒIkfvD JfWqf rt ˆj iajfv zfïfrv ƒhflk W
k]fv
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vmpfb öfokm 9
dbslGswv zfbcokA. klbcv™i Iuv …lq rst mcndtm ifbfrfv nr snƒ njt
h²Â W dhNq sKsj lCsv Kfsj, pfsk svfpf bó jsv sIst. zfv ˆv mfsUW sn
ˆjmfÛ zfïfrvƒ lfnk¶ W zfbcokA jsv. jfvB, dkdb hstb,
zKGf{, zk}iv skfmvf vfk ipG§À svfpf iCBG jv. (jc} 2/187) nckvfQ
ˆƒHfsh mcndtm mrfb zfïfrv iCBG lfnk¶ W zfbcoskAv …iv lDOG iadw[B
tfH jsv Kfsj. (lcvf} 10ix}) 11. svfpf rt sofbfsrv jfIXIfvf. jfvB,
sbjDv jfu sofbfrv jfsuv sofbfr bfw jsv slq. zfv svfpf rt hV sbjDv
jfu. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
zKGf{, dbÇyq icBAvfdw (nWqfshv jfu) ifivfdwsj lCvDHCk jsv. (jc}
11/114) zfv diaq bhD hstb, ªmfbcsNv idvhfv, Lb-n©il W iadkshwD
nQÛÁf§À ifivfdwsj bfmfp, svfpf ˆhQ nljfr smfyb jsv slq.« (hc} 1796,
mc} 144bQ) zKGf{, mcndtm sp sofbfr kfv idvhfvsj zbAfqHfsh …¤yhfyA
jsv, jó dlsq zKhf sjfb dhNsq kfslv iadk Û¢de W zhsrtf ialwGb jsv,
zKhf iadkshwDsj sjfb jKfq hf jfsu sjfb iajfv jó dlsq, zKhf
vmpfb öfokm 10
zfdKGj sjfb iajfv Û¢de Odesq zKhf zbcv™i zbAfbA nfoDvf (sYfe)
sofbfr jsv Kfsj, sn nhsj kfv bfmfp, svfpf ˆhQ lfb-Jqvfk smfyb jsv
slq. 12. svfpf svfpflfsvv msb SLpG W nrbwDtkf nxdó jsv. jsó SLpG
LfvB W nrbwDtkf zhtìb jvsk zHAfnD hfbfq. svfpf kfsj kfv diaq h²Â
hAhrfv huGb jvsk SLspGv dw[f slq. spmb dw[f slq jfm-lmb W msbv
psK¤Yfyfv lmb jvfv; pf dbÇyq nru jfu bq. htf hfùtA, svfpf iftsb
vsqsY 3 iajfv SLpG. mrfb zfïfrv zfbcoskA SLpG, k]fv rfvfmjxk h²Â
idvrfv jvfv …iv SLpG ˆhQ k]fv dbLGfdvk kjlDsvv hftf-mnDhskv …iv
SLpG. ˆƒ 3 iajfv SLpG sp hf¦lfv mfsU ˆjdÛk rsh, snƒ rsh ƒrjfst ivm
ncJD ˆhQ ivjfst zfïfrv ƒ¤Yfq sn ufâfsk iashw jvsh. mrfb zfïfr
hstb,
zKGf{, SLpGwDtslvsj skf zidvdmk icvõfv W nWqfh lfb jvf rsh. (jc}
39/10) 19. svfpf svfpflfsvv ubA ƒr-ivjfstv JcwD W ncsJv srkc. spmb
mrfbhD hstb, ªsvfpflfsvv ubA vsqsY 2de JcwD; iaKm JcwD rt ƒIkfv
jvfv nmq ˆhQ däkDq JcwD rt iadkiftsjv nfsK nf[fskv nmq.« (hc} 1085,
mc} 1151bQ)
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vmpfb öfokm 11
svfpflfsvv ƒIkfv jvfv nmq sp JcwD, kf rt snƒ ncJ W kxdåv ˆjde
bmcbfmfÛ; pf mcdmb hAdÙÁ dbu iaHcv zfbcokA W kfjWqfv mfLAsm zuGb
jsv Kfsj. zfv iajxkia²Àfsh ˆefƒ rt zfnt ncJ. ˆƒ ncJ W kxdå lcƒHfsh
zbcHCk rsq Kfsj }- (j) zfïfr kfzftf ‰ ƒIkfsvv nmq svfpflfsvv ubA
ifbfrfv ShL jsv dlsqsYb. zfv db}ns¦lsr mfbcsNv iajxdk ˆƒ sp, (dhswN
jsv dJsl Kfjf zh²¿fq) Jfhfv slJst mb zfbs¦l sbsy WsE. zfv ˆ ubAƒ kf
huGb jvf rt zfïfrv ƒhflk. (J) sn mcrCskG svfpflfv kfv ˆjde svfpf
n©iâ jsv Kfsj. nckvfQ zfïfrv kWIDj zbcpfqD sn sndlbjfv svfpf W
ƒhflk sp iftb W iCBG jvsk ifvt, kfvƒ JcwD kfv mbsj zfs¦lfdtk jsv
skfst. (lcvf} 17ix}) i[f§Àsv nhsysq hV JcwD pf, kf vsqsY ivjfst;
pJb k]fv nfsK nf[f{ rsh p]fv ubA svfpflfv svfpf svsJ Kfsj. pJb dkdb
kfsj svfpfv ncifdvswv lv¢b `vfƒqfb' shsrsñ ²¿fb dlsq hxr{ iadklfb
dlshb. 27. svfpf svfpflfsvv „mfb hxdÝ jsv. ˆƒ svfpfsk mfbcN
zdLjfdLj bfmfp isV, jcvzfb sktfzk W dpjXv jsv, lfb-Jqvfk jsv, lczf
W ƒd²ÀoIfv kKf kWhf jsv, Wqfp-bnDrk swfsb. svfpf kfsj m¦l jfu jvsk
hfLf slq. htf hfùtA, ˆ nsh ifi há Kfsj ˆhQ „mfb hdLGk rq. (‰ 45ix})
30. svfpfv mfLAsm mcndtmslv nfmfduj …ijfdvkf nfLb
vmpfb öfokm 12
rsq Kfsj. svfpf rt mcndtm ufdkv ‰sjAv dblwGb, nfvf …©mfrv mfsU
nQrdkv iakDj, ovDh-LbDv mfsU nfmA W n©iaDdkv dyrÁ. ˆsk zfm-Jfn,
zfkvfI-zfwvfI, zfmDv-IjDsvv sHlfsHl yCBG rsq pfq. njstv msb ˆjefƒ
shfL ufso sp, mcndtm ufdk rt ˆj ufdk. njst ˆjƒ nmsq ifbfrfv jsv,
ˆjƒ nmsq svfpf vfsJ. ˆjƒ ufmfzfsk mndusl kfvfhDrv bfmfp isV. spb
njstv r™lq ˆj, mfn ˆj, jmGW ˆj, pfslvsj kfslv bhD hstsYb, kfvf rt
ˆjde slsrv mk.
vvvmmmpppfffbbb mmmfffnnnsssjjj dddjjj dddlllsssqqq öööfffoookkk
uuufffbbbfffhhh???
vmpfb ˆmb ˆjde mfn, pfv vsqsY ˆk ˆk ShdwóA, ˆk ˆk mfrfk¹A. ˆƒ
mfnsj zfmvf dj dlsq hvB jvh? sjfbX dudbn dlsq kfsj `sJfw zfmsll'
ufbfh? ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj öfok ufbfsk lcƒ vjm lcƒ swaBDv mfbcN vsqsY;
iaKm iajfv mfbcN rt kfvf; pfvf ˆ mfn dbsq JcwD rq, ˆv zfomsb
zfb¦lshfL jsv. kfv jfvB, kfvf ˆ mfsn svfpf vfJsk zHAfnD. ˆ mfsnv
njt jó hvB jvsk iaqfnD. jfvB, kfvf ufsb sp, ƒrjfstv ncJ-ns©Hfo huGb
jvst, kf ivjfst
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vmpfb öfokm 13
ifWqf pfq. jfvB, kfvf …itdé jsv sp, ˆ mfn rt zfïfrv ƒhflk W
zfbcoskAv ˆhQ k]fv SbjeAlfkf zfmst iadkspfdokf jvfv dhwft smZnm.
kfvf ufsb sp, zfïfr zfppf zufïX ˆ mfsn sp nWqfh hf¦lfsj ialfb
jvshb, kf zfv zbA sjfb mfsn jvshb bf. nckvfQ diaq spmb kfv iahfnD
diaqkm hf klsi[f diaqkv djYcv zfomsb zfb¦l ifq, dEj kfvƒ mk vmpfsbv
zfomsb kfslv zfbd¦lk rWqfsk zfÇyspGv djYc bq. ˆƒ rt iaKm swaBDv
mfbcN. däkDq swaBDv mfbcN rt kfvf, pfvf ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj HfvD msb jsv,
svfpfv jósj hV msb jsv. nckvfQ pJbƒ ˆ mfsnv zfomb Ose, kJbƒ sn msb
jsv kfv Osv spb ˆj zhfdÒk smsrmfb ˆt. Ist ðv¢ sKsjƒ sn kfv O¦ef,
dlb W vfk Èbsk Kfsj. zSLpG rsq kfv dhlfq mcrCskGv zsi[f jvsk Kfsj.
ˆj ˆjef dlb ifv rskƒ kfv zfb¦l rq. idvswsN pJb „l zfnfv nmq rq, kJb
ˆƒ mfn zdkhfdrk rWqf dbjehkGD susb hÖ JcwD rq! ˆƒ swaBDv mfbcNvf ˆƒ
mrdkiCBG mfnsj ˆƒ ubA HfvD msb jsv ˆhQ kfVfkfdV zdkhfdrk rWqfv ubA
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sHfo-dhtfn hAhrfv jvfv isK ˆƒ mfn kfslv ubA hfLf W z§Àvfq rsq
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…isHfsov iadkháj drnfsh zfomb jsv. pfv Ist kfvf ˆƒ mfnsj iayà
HfvD shfL jsv Kfsj. zfsvf ˆjef jfvB ˆƒ sp, kfvf ˆmb ˆj n©ialfq,
pfvf zfïfrv zfbcoskAv hAfifsv hV zmsbfspfoD. ˆmb dj kfslv msLA
zsbsj Ivp W Wqfsuh zfmstW ŠlfnA ialwGb jsv Kfsj; spmb kfvf bfmfp
isV bf. zk}iv ˆƒ mfn iashw jvst sjfb sjfb zfmt kfvf jvsk ðv¢ jsv
slq. dj§Â zfnst kfvf ‰ zfmst zHAfnD bq. pfv Ist vmpfb mfndesjƒ HfvD
msb jsv Kfsj. (lcvf} 6-8ix}) htf hfùtA, zfïfrv sbj hf¦lfv ubA …dyk,
ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj nkA W J]fde kWhf dlsq; ifi huGb jsv ˆhQ icbvfq sn ifi
bf jvfv ifÄf nQj¬i dbsq sJfw-zfmsll ufbfsbf. zfv kxkDq zfv ˆj
swaBDv mfbcN rt, pfslv dbje vmpfsbv dlbÈdt hYsvv zbAfbA mfsnv
dlbnmCsrv mkƒ zdkhfrk rsq pfq. kfvf Ivp bfmfp isV, dj§Â bIt,
kfvfhDr, ncâfsk mczfÄflfr, jcvzfb dktfzk ƒkAfdlsk pḱhfb rq bf.
kfvf ˆsrb mfsnW dhn¹xk W …lfnDb Kfsj.
vvvmmmpppfffsssbbbvvv sssvvvfffpppfffvvv mmmfffbbb vmpfsbv svfpf
zfïfrv djkfh, k]fv vnCt -ˆv rflDn W mcndtm …©mfrv ƒumf' (nhGn©mdk)
msk dyvjfstv ubA Ivp.
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vmpfb öfokm 15
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…Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªvmpfb mfsnv svfpf.« stfjde htt, `ˆ YfVf zbA djYc
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zöDjfv jvsh sn mcvkfÜ X jfsIv. kfsj kWhf jvfv ubA zfrhfb jvf
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(nvjfv) kfsj jfsIv zh²¿fq rkAf jvsh. (dInc} 1/383, IcnCt
4-5ix})
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sn hAdÙÁv lcde jfvB rsk ifsv; rq sn kf Ivp hst zöDjfv jvsY ˆhQ kfsj
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sn zftsndm jsv kf vfJsY bf. nckvfQ pdl sn svfpf Ivp hst zöDjfv jsv
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jKf iCshG htf rsqsY. jfvB, sn äDsbv nhGhfdln©mk ˆmb ˆjde hAfifvsj
zöDjfv jsv pf zfm-Jfn njstv is[ ufbf nru ˆhQ pf ƒntfsmv ˆjde v¢jXb.
zfv kfv ˆƒ mcvkfÜ X rWqfv Ist ˆjub mcvkfsÜv mft W idvhfsvv hAfifsv
pf dhLfb zfsY kf jfpGjv rsh. nvjfsvv jfsY sn rkAfspfoA zivfLD hst
oBA rsh. kfv sofnt-jfIb W ufbfpf rsh bf ˆhQ mcndtmslv sofv²¿fsb
kfsj lfIb jvfW pfsh bf. zhwA pdl sj… bWmcndtm rWqfv Ist zKhf ƒntfmD
idvshw W …tfmf sKsj lCsv Kfjfv Ist ˆ Lvsbv jKf
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vmpfb öfokm 17
hst Kfsj, kfrst kfv jKf dHâ. i[f§Àsv pdl sj… zftsndm jsv svfpf
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hAdÙÁ …id²¿k rstb. k]fvf zfmfv …Hq hfùv †L¶GfQsw Lsv zfmfsj ˆj
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zfdm httfm, `ˆ ifrfsV yVsk zfdm z[m.' k]fvf htstb, `zfmvf zfibfv
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yCVfq dosq si]ZYtfm kJb shw djYc dy{jfv-L¶db wcbsk sitfm. zfdm
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hf} 4/216, rf} 1/430, nkf} 991bQ) `Wvf rt kfvf; pfvf nmq rWqfv
iCshG-iCshGƒ ƒIkfv jsv dbk---.' svfpf vfJfv isvW kfslv pdl ‰ zh²¿f
rq, kfrst
vmpfb öfokm 18
pfvf iCBG dlb mCstƒ svfpf vfsJ bf, kfslv zh²¿f ˆhQ pfvf iCBG
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nìsá WqfsjIrft jsvsYb. dkdb slsJsYb, kfslv snƒ lcvh²¿f; kfslv
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sbjsVv mk dy{jfv jvsY. kfvf nfrfpA iafKGbf jvsY zKy sjfb nfrfpAjfvD
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shsvfpflfv mcndtm n©ialfq ˆƒ zfpfshv jKf susb zfïfrv dbje kWhf jvsh
ˆhQ k]fv snƒ zfpfhsj Hq jsv pKfdbqsm svfpf iftb jvsh.' ƒmfm pfrfhD
(v}) hstb, `mcdmbslv dbjse ˆ jKf d²¿v-dnÝf§À sp, sp hAdÙÁ sjfb svfo
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vmpfb öfokm 19
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svfpf svsJ sbWqf. ˆsk
vmpfb öfokm 20
kfv svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. hvQ [dk rsh kJb, pJb sn djYc sJsk rq
msb jsv kJbƒ (Iusvv iv) djYc sJsq sItsh. sn s[sÛ kfsj nfvf dlb
ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk Kfjsk rsh ˆhQ vmpfsbv isv snƒ dlbdesj jfpf
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jKfv mfLAsm …ä cÝ jsvsYb. dkdb snrvDsj hjGkmq JflA hst zdHdrk
jsvsYb. dkdb hstb, ªskfmvf snrvD JfW. jfvB, snrvDsk hjGk zfsY.«
(hc} 1823, mc} 1095bQ) ªskfmvf snrvD sJsk zHAfnD rW. jfvB, snrvDƒ
rt hjGkmq JflA.« (zf}, bf} nuf} 4081bQ) ƒvhfp dhb nfdvqfr hstb,
ˆjlf vmpfsb zfïfrv vnCt zfmfsj snrvD sJsk Ffjstb; htstb, ªhjGkmq
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hjGk Kfjfv mfsb rt, snrvD svfpflfvsj nht vfsJ ˆhQ svfpfv jó kfv ubA
rfîf jsv. zfv ˆef rt wfvDdvj hjGk. i[f§Àsv wvqD hjGk rt, vnCt -ˆv
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kf dlsq mcndtm W zfrst djkfh (ƒqfùlD W dJaófbslv) svfpfv mfsU
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kfskW dhsvfdLkf jvsk zfmfslvsj zfslw jsvsYb. dkdb hstb, ªzfmfslv
svfpf W zfrst djkfshv
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vmpfb öfokm 21
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zfpfb rWqfv msLA jkecjc nmq dYt?' …Ùsv pfql htstb, `iÑfw zKhf Nfede
zfqfk iVsk pkecjc tfso.' (hc} 575, 1921, mc} 1097, dk} 703bQ)
mrfbhD -ˆv nfrfhfoB Jch kfVfkfdV (nmq rWqf mfÛ) ƒIkfv jvskb ˆhQ Jch
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rfk W mcJ snƒ zfrhfsb nfVf dlsq ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk rsq pfq.
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vmpfb öfokm 23
ƒƒƒIIIkkkfffvvv
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(vf})ˆv dbje
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ƒIkfv W bfmfp zflfq) jvskb.' (mc} 1099bQ) nmq rWqfv nfsK nfsK wDOa
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sJucv dlsq ˆhQ kfW bf sist jsqj sTfj ifdb sJsq dbskb.' (zf} 3/164,
zflf} 2356, dk} 696, ƒmf} 2065, lfvf} 240, rf} 1/432, hf} 4/239,
ƒo} 922bQ) ƒIkfv jvfv nmq JfWqfv mk sjfb dudbn bf ifWqf sost
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vmpfb öfokm 25
msb msb ƒIkfsvv dbqk jvfƒ psKó. ˆ s[sÛ zfÌct syfNfv iasqfub sbƒ
- spmb djYc nfLfvB stfj jsv Kfsj. spmb v¢mftsj KcKc dlsq dHdusq kf
syfNfW dhsLq bq. …sïJspfoA sp, djYc stfj zfsY pfvf ƒIkfvD jvsk hsn
ˆmb siecsjv mk sJsk ðv¢ jsv sp, slsJ msb rq, sn jsqj dlb Lsv sJsk
ifqdb! zfv sJsk sJsk mfodvshv bfmfspv ufmfzfk bó jsv sIst zKhf kfv
bfmfspv kjhDsv kfrvDmf hf djYc zQw Ycse pfq.
sssvvvfffpppfff zzzhhh²²²¿¿ ¿ fffqqq lllcc czzzfff svfpflfsvv
…dyk, ƒIkfv jvfv zfso ipG§À svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq shwD shwD jsv lczf
jvf. jfvB, svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq svfpflfsvv lczf zfïfrv dbje mÓcv rq.
mrfbhD hstb, ªdkb hAdÙÁv lczf zoafrA jvf rq bf (hvQ jhct jvf rq);
dikfv lczf, svfpflfsvv lczf ˆhQ mcnfdIsvv lczf.« (hf} 3/345, iamcJ,
dnn} 1797bQ) i[f§Àsv ƒIkfv jvfv nmq lczf jhct rWqfv jKf dhðÝ hBGbf
äfvf iamfdBk bq. ˆ hAfifsv pf djYc hBGbf jvf rq, kf pqDI. zbcv™i
ƒIkfsvv nmq ˆjfjD hf ufmfzfkD rfk kcst lczfW dhsLq bq. jfvB, ncâfr
(mrfbhD hf k]fv nfrfhfosBv kvDjfq) ˆ zfmstv hBGbf dmst bf. zfv
ƒIkfv jvfv nmq
vmpfb öfokm 26
sp lczf iamfdBk, kf ƒIkfv jvfv iv iEbDq. ƒhsb …mfv jkGxj hdBGk,
bhD ƒIkfv jvst ˆƒ lczf htskb,
الظَّم باَء اهللاأُذَهِإنْ ش رأَألج تثَبو قورلَِّت الْعتابو .
…¤yfvB}- pfrfhfp pfmf-… zhkfïfdkt …v¢j¶c zNfhfkft zfuv¢ ƒbwf-zfïfr.
zKG- diifnf lCvDHCk rt, dwvf-…idwvf nsku rt ˆhQ ƒbwf-zfïfr nWqfh
nfhA²À rt. (zflf} 2357,nzflf} 2066bQ)
sssvvvfffpppfff zzzhhh²²²¿¿ ¿ fffqqq pppfff SSShhhLLL djYc jfu
zfsY, pf svfpf zh²¿fq jvf ShL bq hst zsbsjv msb rsk ifsv, zKy kf
svfpflfsvv ubA jvf ShL. snƒ Lvsbv djYc jfsuv jKf dbsḿ zfstfybf jvf
rs¤Y }-
1. ifdbsk bfmf, Fch slWqf W n]fkfv jfef } svfpflfsvv ubA ifdbsk
bfmf, Fch slWqf W n]fkfv jfef, ˆjfdLj hfv sofnt jvf, ˆdnv rfWqfsk
hnf ˆhQ jfiV dHdusq ofsq-mfKfq uVfsbf ShL. spmb diifnf W ovsmv
kfVbfq mfKfq ifdb Tftf, hvI hf zfƒndÛÁm yfifsbf slfNfhr bq.
(Icdnkfpf} 16ix}, kfƒvf} 46ix}, Iƒ} 2/130, Ifdn} 47ix}, 70} 58bQ)
mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, svfpf svsJ bhD -ˆv zidhÛ zh²¿fq Iuv rk. zk}iv
dkdb sofnt jvskb. (hc} 1925, mc} 1109bQ)
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vmpfb öfokm 27
zfhC hfjXv dhb zfè cv vrmfb bhD -ˆv djYc nfrfhD sKsj hBGbf jsvb
sp, dkdb (nfrfhD) hstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj slsJdY, dkdb svfpf
svsJ diifnf zKhf ovsmv jfvsB dbu mfKfq ifdb sTstsYb. (zf} 3/475,
zflf} 2365bQ, mf})
2. dmnWqfj hf l]fkb jvf. l]fkb jvf svfpflfv-zsvfpflfv njstv ubA
ˆhQ dlsbv ðv¢ W swN Hfso nh nmqjfv ubA ncâk. ˆ hAfifsv mrfbhD -ˆv
dbslGw hAfij; dkdb hstb, ªl]fkb jvfq vsqsY mcsJv idhÛkf ˆhQ
iadkiftj zfïfrv n§Âdó. (zf} 6/47, lf}, bf} 5bQ, ƒJc}, hf} 1/34,
ƒdr}, hc} (dhbf nbsl), dm} 381, ƒo} 66bQ) diaq bhD hstb, ªzfdm
…©mskv ubA jójv bf ufbst kfslvsj iaskAj bfmfspv nmq l]fkb jvsk
zfslw dlkfm.« (hc} 887, mc} 252, nczf}) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
ª---kfslvsj iaskAj WpCv nmq l]fkb jvsk zfslw dlkfm.« (zf} 2/460,
517, iamcJ) ƒmfm k¶fhfvfbD …Ùm nbl äfvf hBGbf jsvsYb sp, zfè cv
vrmfb dhb ÈbXm hstb, zfdm mczfp dhb ufhft -sj duÎfnf jvtfm, `zfdm
dj svfpf zh²¿fq l]fkb jvh?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `r]Af.' zfdm httfm,
`dlsbv sjfbX Hfso?' dkdb htstb, `njft zKhf dhjfst.' zfdm httfm,
`stfsj skf svfpfv dhjfst l]fkb jvfsj ziY¦lbDq msb jsv. kfvf hst,
zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªdbÇyqƒ svfpflfsvv mcsJv lcoGá
vmpfb öfokm 28
zfïfrv dbje j²ÂvDv nchfn zsi[f zdLjkv ncoámq.« mczfp htstb,
`nchrfbfïfr! dkdb kfslvsj l]fkb jvsk zfslw dlsqsYb. zfv sp dudbn
dkdb idv°jfv jvsk zfslw dlsqsYb, sn dudbnsj ƒ¤YfjxkHfsh lcoGámq jvf
…Ùm rsk ifsv bf. kfsk sjfb iajfsvv mÌt sbƒ; hvQ kfsk zmÌtƒ zfsY.'
(û} ƒo} 1/106) dj§Â pdl sjfb l]fksb dhswN öfl Kfsj ˆhQ kf kfv
KcKcsj iaHfhfd¦hk jsv, kfrst kfv öfl hf KcKc dost sbWqf …dyk bq.
(ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Ifdn} mcndbl 39ix}) iv§Â snƒ l]fkb jvf sKsj lCsv
Kfjf …dyk, pfv ûhBwDt …iflfb (W vn) zfsY. spmb j]fyf (ofsYv Ffstv
hf dwjsVv) l]fkb. klbcv™i snƒ l]fkb, pfsk kfv dbuö öfl YfVf dHâ
öfl; spmb sthc hf iclDbf (siifvsm¦eX, smbKt) ƒkAfdlv öfl zdkdvÙÁ
jvf rsqsY ˆhQ pf mcsJv dHksv dosq ûhDHCk rsq mcJor¶sv YdVsq isV.
zfv ƒ¤Yf jsv kf dost sItf ShL bq. ksh pdl zdb¤Yfjxk jfsvf dotf pfq,
kfrst kfsk sjfb [dk rq bf. (70} 54bQ)
3. ncvmf tfofsbf ˆhQ syfsJ W jfsb WNcL hAhrfv svfpf zh²¿fq ncvmf
tfofsbf ˆhQ syfsJ W jfsb WNcL hAhrfv ShL. dj§Â hAhrfv jvfv iv pdl
otfq ncvmf hf WNcsLv öfl zbcHCk rq, kfrst (djYc …tfmfv msk svfpf
sHsÌ pfsh ˆhQ sn svfpf) jfpf svsJ sbWqfƒ rt iChGnkjGkfmCtj jmG.
(ƒhsb hfp, Ifmckfdn} 28ix}) jfvB, syfJ W jfb JflA W ifbDq sise
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vmpfb öfokm 29
pfWqfv iK bq ˆhQ ncvmf hf WNcL tfofsbfsj JfWqf hf ifb jvfW htf
pfq bf; bf nfLfvB iaydtk jKfq ˆhQ bf-ƒ wvqD idvHfNfq. zhwA svfpflfv
pdl syfsJ hf jfsb WNcL dlsb hAhrfv bf jsv vfsk jsv, kfrst snefƒ rsh
iChGnfhLfbkfmCtj jmG. (mcm} 6/382, n†lD ²¿fqD …tfmf jdmde, Ifdn}
mcndbl 44ix}, Iƒ} 2/129) rpvk zfbfn svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq ncvmf hAhrfv
jvskb. (nzflf} 2082bQ)
6. hfdrAj wvDsv skt, mtm, ifWFfv hf dÛÁm hAhrfv } hfdrAj wvDsvv
yfmVfq ifWFfv hf mtm hAhrfv jvf svfpflfsvv ubA ShL. jfvB, kf sise
si]ZsY bf. klbcv™i iasqfusb k¶jsj bvm vfJfv ubA sjfb skt, HAfndtb
hf dÛÁm hAhrfv jvfW svfpf zh²¿fq zShL bq. jfvB, ˆ nh djYc sjht
yfmVfv hfdrsvv zQw bvm jsv Kfsj ˆhQ wvDsvv dHksv iashw jsv bf. iv§Â
pdlW stfmjCsi kf iashw rWqfv jKf Lsvƒ sbWqf pfq, khcW kfsk svfpf bó
rsh bf. (ƒhsb duhvDb, Iƒ} 2/127, Ifdn} mcndbl 41ix}) klbcv™i svfpf
zh²¿fq mdrtfslv ubA rfsk smsr¦lD, ifsq zftkf zKhf ycst (jfstf YfVf
zbA vsMv) jtI hAhrfv ShL. ˆ nsh svfpf hf svfpflfsvv …iv sjfb (m¦l)
iaHfh sIst bf. (Ifdn} mcndbl 45ix}, Iƒ} 2/127)
vmpfb öfokm 30
7. öfmD-²ÃDv zfsifsNv ycìb W siamsjdt } sp svfpflfv öfmD-²ÃD
dmtsb SLpG vfJsk ifsv; zKGf{ nÌm hf hDpGifk Ose pfWqfv zfwËf bf
jsv, kfslv ubA zfsifsn ycìb W siamsjdt hf sjftfjcdt jvf ShL ˆhQ kf
kfslv ubA mjv™r bq. jfvB, mrfbhD svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq ² ÃD-ycìb jvskb
ˆhQ svfpf zh²¿fq siamsjdtW jvskb. zfv dkdb dYstb spZb hAfifsv hV
nQpmD. (hc} 1927, mc} 1106, zflf} 2382, dk} 729, ƒzfwf} 9392bQ) zbA
ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, zfïfrv vnCt ² ÃD-ycìb jvskb vmpfsb svfpf vfJf
zh²¿fq; (mc} 1106bQ) svfpfv mfsn. (zflf} 2383, ƒzfwf} 9390bQ)
i[f§Àsv svfpflfv pdl zfwËf jsv sp, siamsjdt hf ycìsbv Ist kfv
hDpGifk Ose spsk ifsv zKhf (öfmD-²ÃD) …Hsqv …sÙubfv Ist nrnfq dmtb
Ose spsk ifsv, jfvB sn nmq sn rqskf kfslv …loa jfm-tftnfsj nQpk
jvsk ifvsh bf, kfrst sn jfu kfslv ubA rfvfm. zfv kf rfvfm ˆƒ ubA
sp, pfsk ifsiv dYûiK há Kfsj ˆhQ kfslv svfpf bó rWqf sKsj v[f
ifq.
10. vÙÁ ivD[f jvf } ivD[fv ubA djYc vÙÁ slWqf svfpflfsvv ubA
ShL. ˆsk kfv svfpfv sjfb [dk rq bf. (dvmcpfdn} 24ix}, Ifdn} mcndbl
53ix}, Ifmckfdn} 34ix})
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vmpfb öfokm 31
11. l]fk skftf } svfpflfsvv ubA l]fk (s±efb ƒkAfdl sKsj) idv°jfv
jvf, FfÙÁfvD HvB (ƒbstƒ) hAhrfv jvf ˆhQ p§ ÃBfq l]fk kcst sItf ShL.
ksh ˆ nh s[sÛ kfsj ˆjf§À nfhLfbkf zhtìb jvf …dyk, pfsk sjfb iajfv
WNcL hf vÙÁ dotf bf pfq. (ƒhsb hfp, Ifmckfdn} 29ix})
13. zfrfsvv jfu slq bf ˆmb (WNcL) ƒsÓjwb hAhrfv jvf } svfpflfsvv
ubA dydj{nfv s[sÛ snƒ ƒsÓjwb hAhrfv jvf ShL, pf ifbfrfsvv jfu jsv
bf. spmb, sidbdndtb hf ƒbXncdtb ƒsÓjwb zKhf zAfd¦ehfsqfdej hf edbj
djQhf dHefdmb ƒsÓjwb zKhf HAfjXdnb ƒsÓjwb iaHxdk rfsk, sjfmsv hf
zbA ufqofq, slsrv siwD zKhf dwvfq hAhrfv jvst svfpfv [dk rq bf.
khcW dbkf§À uv¢vD bf rst kf dlsb hAhrfv bf jsv vfsÛ hAhrfv jvfƒ …Ùm
W iChGnfhLfbkfmCtj jmG.
16. jcdï jvf W bfsj ifdb sbWqf } svfpflfsvv sE]fe ðdjsq sost
ifdb äfvf dHdusq sbWqf ˆhQ mcJ hf duH ðdjsq sost jcdï jvf ShL. zhwA
oVoVf jvf ShL bq. zfv ˆ s[sÛ mcJ sKsj ifdb shv jsv slWqfv iv dHksv
ifdbv sp zfû Gkf hf öfl sKsj pfsh, kfsk svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf.
sjbbf, kf sKsj h]fyf n©Hh bq. (ƒzfƒ} 24ix}, 70} 53bQ)
vmpfb öfokm 32
17. ncodáv ncOafB sbWqf } svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq zfkv hf zbA iajfv
ncodá hAhrfv jvf ˆhQ nhGiajfv ncOafB bfsj sbWqf svfpflfsvv ubA ShL.
ksh L]cqf ufkDq ncodá (spmb zfovhfdk, y¦lb-L]cqf iaHxdk) ƒ¤Yfjxk
bfsj sbWqf ShL bq. jfvB, ˆƒ swaBDv ncodáv Obk¶ zfsY; pf ifj²¿dtsk
dosq si]ZsY. (û} Iƒ} 2/128, Ifdn} mcndbl 43ix}, kfƒvf} 47ix}) htf
hfùtA, vfâfwfstv sp L]cqf zdb¤Yf nsÙ¶W bfsj ˆsn iashw jsv, kfsk
svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. jfvB, kf sKsj h]fyfv …ifq sbƒ. (ƒhsb
…NfƒmDb, mfIf} 1/508)
18. KcKc W osqv dotf} KcKc W osqv sKsj h]fyf lc}nfLA. jfvB, kf
mcsJ hf otfv sofVfq umf rsq dbsy ˆmdbskƒ yst pfq. zkˆh ˆsk svfpf bó
rsh bf ˆhQ hfvhfv KcKc sItfvW lvjfv rsh bf. zhwA sp jI, osqv,
J]fjfv hf sw½®mf shwD smfef ˆhQ pf jJsbf mfbcsNv hcj (w¶fnp§ Ã)
sKsj, zfhfv jJsbf mfKf (Sinuses) sKsj shv rsq zfsn, kf otf sUsV shv
jsv hfƒsv sItf Wqfsuh ˆhQ kf dost sItf ShL bq. spsrkc kf OxdBk;
n©Hhk} kfsk wvDv sKsj shdvsq zfnf sjfb svfouDhfBcW Kfjsk ifsv.
nckvfQ kf dost sItfsk öfs²¿Av [dkW rsk ifsv. ksh pdl sj… sItsk bf
sisv dostƒ sIst, kfrst kfsk svfpf bó rsh bf.
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vmpfb öfokm 33
i[f§Àsv mcsJv dHkvjfv öfHfdhj tftf dotfsk sjfb [dk sbƒ. svfpfskW
sjfb iaHfh isV bf. (mcm} 6/428-429, Iƒ} 2/125, Ifdn} 38ix}) ˆƒ tftf
shv jsv sItf uv¢vD bq; ˆmbdj Iusvv zfpfsbv nfmfbA iCshG ifdb ifb
jvfv isvW bq. jfvB, zfmfslv ufbf msk nfrfhfhoG jkGxj ˆmb sjfb
dbslGw hdBGk rq db, pfsk hcUf pfq sp, svfpflfv Iuv …lq (snrvDv nmq
swN) rWqfv ˆjec iCshG ifdb ifb jvst kk[B ipG§À KcKc sItsk rsh, pk[B
ipG§À duh sKsj ifdbv öfl lCvDHCk bf rsqsY. hvQ ˆkecjc zhwAƒ [mfrG.
ksh rA]f, pdl sjfb Jfhfsvv öfl; spmb sJucv, yf hf zbcv™i sjfb dmdó
ufkDq Jfhfsvv dmókf dush zhdwó sKsj pfq, kfrst kf zhwAƒ KcKc sItfv
nfsK (hf ifdb äfvf jcdï jsv) lCv jvf uv¢vD ˆhQ snrvDv nmq swN rsq
sosY ufbfv iv kf dotf ShL bq. l]fsk stso Kfjf sofñX hf zbA sjfb
Jfhfv Iuv …lq rWqfv isv zdb¤YfjxkHfsh dost sItst, zKhf kf zdk
nfmfbA rWqfv Ist mcsJ hcUsk ifvf ˆhQ shv jsv sItf n©Hh bf rst kf
mcsJv öfHfdhj tftfv mkƒ. kfsk svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. dj§Â shwD rst
ˆhQ kf shv jsv sItf n©Hh rst, shv jsv dlst zfv sjfb [dk rsh bf.
iv§Â kf ƒ¤YfjxkHfsh dost sItst svfpf bó rsq pfsh. (70} 53bQ) 1. thB
hf dmdó yfJf } vfâf jvsk jvsk iasqfusb Jfhfsvv thB hf dmdó ndEj
vmpfb öfokm 34
rsqsY dj bf kf sysJ slJf svfpflfsvv ubA ShL. klbcv™i sjfb djYc
sjbfv nmq sysJ ivD[f jvfv lvjfv rst kf jvsk ifsv. ƒhsb zfêfn hstb,
`sjfb JflA, dnjGf ˆhQ sjfb djYc djbsk rst kf sysJ slJfsk sjfb slfN
sbƒ.' (û} hc} 380ix}, ƒzfwf} 2/305, hf} 4/261, ƒo} 937bQ)
zbcv™iHfsh zdk iasqfusb mf kfv dwðv ubA sjfb wÙÁ Jfhfv dydhsq bvm
jsv dlsk ifsv, Lfb ðdjsqsY dj bf ˆhQ mcdVv yft rsqsY dj bf kf
dydhsq slJsk ifsv. zhwA ˆ njt s[sÛ wkG rt, spb ydhGk sjfb zQw
svfpflfsvv sise bf yst pfq. hvQ zdk nfhLfbkfv nfsK sjht l]fsk
dydhsq ˆhQ dusH kfv öfl sysJ nsÌ nsÌ hfƒsv sItf uv¢vD. (Iƒ} 2/128,
70} 53bQ, nfvf} 26ix}, dInc} 1/409)
zbAfbA mfnfsqt } ² ÃD-nÌm zKhf öi´slfN rWqfv isvW nmq zHfsh
sofnt bf jsv bfifj zh²¿fskƒ svfpflfv svfpfv dbqk jvsk ˆhQ snrvD
sJsk ifsv. ˆmb dj snrvDv nmq swN rsq sostW zfpfsbv iv sofnt jvsk
ifsv. mf zfsqwf W …s©m nftfmfr (vf}) hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv (jJsbf
jJsbf) ² ÃD-dmtb jsv zidhÛ zh²¿fq Iuv rsq spk. kfviv dkdb sofnt
jvskb ˆhQ svfpf vfJskb.' (hc} 1925, mc} 1109, nczf}) klbcv™i dbIfn
W ‡kcmkD mdrtfv vfsÛ Jcb há rst (svfpfv dbqk jsv ˆhQ snrvD sJsq)
Iusvv iv svfpfq sKsj isv
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vmpfb öfokm 35
sofnt jsv bfmfp iVsk ifsv. …ipGcÙÁ bfifj icv¢N W mdrtfv ubA
bfifjDv sofntsj njft hf lcicsvv nmq ipG§À dhtdìk jvf ShL bq. hvQ
nCpG …lsqv iCshGƒ sofnt jsv pKfnmsq bfmfp zflfq jvf kfslv ubA
Wqfsuh. spmb icv¢sNv ubA Wqfsuh ˆmb nmsqv dHksv nk¶v sofnt jvf,
pfsk Iusvv bfmfp ufmfzfk nrjfsv mndusl zflfq jvsk n[m rq. (dInc}
1/411, ƒhsb hfp, Ifdn} mcndbl 51ix}, dvmcpfdn} 23ix}) ÎfkhA sp,
vmpfsbv dlsbv shtfq svfpflfsvv öi´slfN rsq sost kfv svfpf hfdkt bq.
sjbbf, kf kfv ˆJdkqfvjxk bq. zkˆh kfv ubA uv¢vD rt, bfifjDv sofnt
jvf. zhwA Iusvv bfmfp iVfv iv Ocmfsk dosq öi´slfN rst, nsÌ nsÌ
sofnt bf jsv pdl spfrsvv zfso ipG§À dhtì jsv sofnt jsv, kfrst kfsk
slfN rsh bf. (ƒhsb hfp, Ifdn} mcndbl 51 ix}) zhwA …Ùm rt, bfifsj bf
sKsj n©Hh rst nsÌ nsÌ sofnt jsv dhdHâHfsh zfïfrv dpjXv jvf.
svfpflfsvv ubA dlsb Ocmfsbf ShL. dj§Â njt bfmfp kfv pKfnmsq ufmfzfk
nrjfsv zflfq jvsk zhsrtf ialwGb jvf ShL bq. spmb, dhdHâ ƒhflskv
jtAfB sKsj dbsusj hdÑk jvf …dyk bq. hvQ …dyk rt, Ocdmsq nmq bó bf
jsv vmpfsbv snƒ mfrfk¹AiCBG nmqsj bIt bfmfp, dpjXv-zfpjfv W jcvzfb
jfvDm sktfzk äfvf zfhfl jvf. pfsk kfv svfpfv dHksv bfbf iajfv
ƒhflskv nmfshw Ose. (Ifdn} 31-32ix})
vmpfb öfokm 36
pppfffssskkk sssvvvfffpppfff bbbóóó WWW hhhfffdddkkkttt
rrrqqq
sp nh jfvsB svfpf bó rq kf lcƒ swaBDv; iaKm swaBDv jfvB svfpf bó
jsv ˆhQ kfsk jfpf Wqfsuh rq. zfv däkDq swaBDv jfvB svfpf bó jsv ˆhQ
jfpfv nfsK jfIXIfvfW Wqfsuh jsv. sp jfvsB svfpf bó rq ˆhQ jfpfv
nfsK jfIXIfvfW Wqfsuh rq; kf rt }-
1. ²ÃD-nÌm } svfpf zh²¿fq pJbƒ svfpflfv ² ÃD-dmtb jvsh, kJbƒ kfv
svfpf bó rsq pfsh. nckvfQ ˆ dmtb pdl vmpfsbv dlsb nQOdek rq ˆhQ
svfpf svfpflfsvv ubA Ivp rq, (zKGf{ svfpf jfpf jvf kfv ubA ShL bf
rq) kfrst ‰ dmtsbv Ist pKfÛÁsm 5de dudbn nQOdek rsh }- (j) jfhDvf
sofbfr; zfv kfv Ist kfsj kWhf jvsk rsh. (J) kfv svfpf hfdkt rsq
pfsh. (o) kfsj ‰ dlsbv zhdwó zQw ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk Kfjsk
rsh. (O) ‰ dlsbv svfpf (vmpfb iv) jfpf jvsk rsh. (M) hxr{ jfIXIfvf
zflfq jvsk rsh. zfv kf rt, ˆjde ÛÁDklfnsj lfnk¶ sKsj mcdÙÁ dlsk
rsh. kfsk n[m bf rst,
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vmpfb öfokm 37
tfofkfv (ˆjefbf) lcƒ mfn svfpf vfJsk rsh. zfv kfsk n[m bf rst,
60 ub dmnjDbsj JflAlfb jvsk rsh. sp mdrtfv …iv svfpf Ivp, snƒ mdrtf
n©mk rsq vmpfsbv dlsb öfmD-nÌm jvst kfvW …iv jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh. zhwA
kfv ƒ¤Yf bf Kfjf nsÙ¶W öfmD pdl kfv nfsK sufviChGj nrhfn jvsk yfq,
kfrst kfv ubA pKfnfLA kf iadkrk jvf uv¢vD. v¢Jsk bf ifvst kfv …iv
jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh bq. ˆƒ ubAƒ sp mdrtf ufsb sp, kfv öfmDv jfmwdÙÁ
shwD; sn kfv jfsY siam-r™lsq jfYfjfdY rst dbsuv spZb-diifnf lmb
vfJsk ifsv bf, snƒ mdrtfv ubA …dyk, vmpfsbv dlsb kfv jfY sKsj lCsv
Kfjf ˆhQ ianfLb W nfu-nÏf bf jvf. klbcv™i öfmDv ubAW …dyk, il±Jtsbv
ufqof sKsj lCsv Kfjf ˆhQ svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq ² ÃDv jfY bf sO]Nf; pdl
zfwËf rq sp, …oa spZb-jfmbfq sn kfv mbsj jfhc vfJsk ifvsh bf. jfvB,
ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, iaskAj dbdNÝ dudbnƒ „d¨nk. (û} mcm} 6/415, 70}
70bQ, Ifvfvf} 61ix}) sp dudbsn svfpf bó jsv ˆhQ sjht jfpf Wqfsuh
jsv kf dbḿv™i }-
2. hDpGifk } svfpf bójfvD jmGfhtDv msLA ufoak zh²¿fq njfm
spZb-öfl zbcHCdkv nfsK hDpGifk zbAkm; yfsr sn hDpGifk (dbu zKhf ²
ÃDv) r²ÀSmKcb äfvf srfj zKhf sjftfjcdt äfvf, bsy{ ycìb
vmpfb öfokm 38
zKhf iayfib äfvf. jfvB, …ÙÁ iajfv njt jmGƒ rt ˆj ˆj swaBDv
spZbfyfv. zKy mrfb zfïfr (rflDsn jclnDsk) hstb, ªsn zfmfv (n§Âdó
tfsHv) zfwfq dbsuv iasqfubDq ifbfrfv W spZbfyfv idvrfv jsv.« (hc}
1894, mc} 1151bQ) zfv sp hAdÙÁ sp sjfb iajfsv dbu spZb zbcHCdksj
…sÙduk jsv kxdåv nfsK hDpGifk jsv, sn zfnstƒ dbsuv spZb-jfmbf
ydvkfKG jsv Kfsj ˆhQ kfv svfpfsk snƒ jmG huGb jsv bf, pf zfïfrv …ÙÁ
hfBDsk ifbfrfsvv zbcv™i. (mcm} 6/387) iv§Â svfpflfsvv susb vfJf
…dyk sp, r²À zKhf zbA djYc äfvf hDpGifk Oefsbf spmb svfpfv mfsn
rfvfm, skmdb zbA mfsnW. dj§Â vmpfsb kf zdLjv™si rfvfm. spsrkc ˆ
mfsnv vsqsY ixKj mpGflf ˆhQ kfsk rsqsY svfpf Ivp. (Ifvfvf}
61ix})
3. ifbfrfv } ifbfrfv htsk sisev msLA sp sjfb iajfsv sjfb JflA
zKhf ifbDq si]ZYfsbfsj hcUfsbf rsqsY; yfsr kf mcJ dlsq srfj zKhf
bfj dlsq, ifbfrfsvv h²Â spmbƒ srfj; …ijfvD hf …ifslq srfj zKhf
zijfvD hf zbcifslq, rftft srfj zKhf rfvfm, z¬i srfj zKhf shwD. htf
hfùtA, (dhdV, dnofsve, o]fuf iaHxdkv) LCmifb svfpf bó jsv slq; pdlW
kf zijfvD, zbcifslq W rfvfm ifbDq. i½fd±ej hf sjfb Lfkcv mftf dost
sItst svfpf bó rsq pfsh; pdlW kf sise sost slsrv sjfb …ijfv nfLb
rsh bf.
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vmpfb öfokm 39
klbv™i pdl sj… sjfb zidhÛ hf rfvfm h²Â H[B jsv, kfrst kfvW svfpf
bó rsq pfsh. (û} mcm} 6/379, 48} 14ix})
4. pf ˆj zsKG ifbfrfv } öfHfdhj ifbfrfsvv iK YfVf zbA Hfsh
ifbfrfsvv jfu dbst kfskW svfpf bó rsq pfsh. spmb Jfhfsvv jfu slq
ˆmb (nAftfƒb ƒsÓjwb) dbst svfpf rsh bf. sjbbf, kfsk ifbfrfsvv zKG
dhlAmfb.
5. ƒ¤Yfjxk hdm jvf } ƒ¤Yfjxk hdm jvst, zKGf{ sise sKsj JfWqf
JflA (hmb W …lXdovB jsv) shv jsv dlst, mcsJ zfÌct Hsv, sie dbMXsv,
sjfb dhje lcoGá ufkDq djYcv OafB bfsj dbsq, zKhf zv¢dyjv OxBA djYc
slsJ …tXde jvst svfpf bó rsq pfsh. sn s[sÛ ‰ svfpfv jfpf uv¢vD. (û}
mcm} 6/385, 70} 53bQ) i[f§Àsv nfmtfsk bf sisv zdb¤YfjxkHfsh hdm rsq
sost svfpf bó rq bf. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªsvfpf zh²¿fq sp hAdÙÁ
hmbsj lmb jvsk n[m rq bf, kfv ubA jfpf sbƒ. i[f§Àsv sp ƒ¤YfjxkHfsh
hdm jsv, sn spb ‰ svfpf jfpf jsv.« (zf} 2/498, zflf} 2380, dk} 716,
ƒmf} 1676, lf} 1680, ƒJc} 1960, ƒdr} mfWqfdvl 907bQ, rf} 1/427,
lfvf}, hf} 4/219 iamcJ, ƒo} 930, nuf} 6243bQ)
vmpfb öfokm 40
6. mdrtfv mfdnj zKhf dbIfn ðv¢ rWqf } mdrtfv mfdnj zKhf dbIfsnv
Jcb shv rsk ðv¢ rst kfv svfpf bó rsq pfq. pdl nCpG z²À pfWqfv
nfmfbA [B iCshG Jcb slJf slq, kfrst kfv ‰ dlsbv svfpf hfdkt ˆhQ
nCpG z²À pfWqfv nfmfbA [B isv slJf dlst kfv ‰ dlsbv svfpf ðÝ. (48}
15ix})
10. shùw rWqf } svfpflfv pdl Iuv sKsj dbsq mfosvh ipG§À shùw
Kfsj, kfrst kfv svfpf ðÝ rsh bf ˆhQ kfsj ‰ dlsbv svfpf jfpf vfJsk
rsh.
sssvvvfffpppfff bbbóóó rrrWWWqqqfffvvv wwwkkkGG GfffhhhtttDDD
…ipGcÙÁ svfpf bójfvD (mfdnj W dbIfsnv Jcb hAkDk) njt dudbn sjht
kJbƒ svfpf bó jvsh, pJb kfv nfsK 3de wkG zhwAƒ ifWqf pfsh. zfv sn
wkG 3de dbḿv™i}- svfpflfv ufbsh sp, ˆƒ dudbn ˆƒ nmsq hAhrfv jvst
kfv svfpf bó rsq pfsh. zKGf{, kf hAhrfv jvfv nmq kfv ˆ jKf zufbf
Kfjst ytsh bf sp, ˆƒ dudbn svfpf bó jsv zKhf ˆJb svfpfv nmq. kf spb
msb ±mvB vfJfv nfsK hAhrfv jsv; Hcst dosq bq. kf spb dbuö ƒ¤Yf W
ˆJdkqfsv hAhrfv jsv; zisvv kvI
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vmpfb öfokm 41
sKsj hfLA rsq bq. sjbbf, mrfb zfïfr hstb,
)كُمبقُلُو تدمعا تم لَِكنِبِه، و مطَأْتا أَخمِفي احنج كُملَيع
سلَيو( zKGf{, sjfb hAfifsv skfmvf Hct jvst skfmfslv sjfb zivfL sbƒ;
dj§Â ƒ¤Yfjxk jvst zivfL zfsY. (jc} 33/5)
vvvmmmpppfffsssbbb sssppp sssppp jjjfffuuu jjjvvvfff
sssvvvfffpppffflllfffsssvvvvvv jjjkkkGG GhhhAAA
mfrfk¹AiCBG vmpfb mfsn dj dj sbj jfu jvf jkGhA kf …sïJ jvfv
iCshG jsqjde dhNq t[ABDq }- 1. ˆƒ smZnsmv mCtA W mfrfk¹A iajxkHfsh
…itdé jvf. zfidb ˆ jKf ±mvsB vfJshb sp, pdl ˆƒ nWqfshv smZnm zfibfv
rfk YfVf rsq pfq, kfrst kf icbvfq dIsv ifWqfv sjfb dbÇyqkf sbƒ.
kfYfVf ˆde rt nQjDBG nmsqv ˆjde nchBG ncspfo. zfïfr nkAƒ hstsYb,
ªkf sofbf-o]fKf jsqjde dlb.« (jc} 2/184) `vmpfb ˆsn sot' ˆhQ `vmpfb
swN rsq sot' stfsjslv ˆƒ …Hq …dÙÁv mfsU hAhLfb jk nQjDBG! ˆ s[sÛ
nfLfvBHfsh z±ió …itdé Kfjf psKó bq sp, vmpfb mfn rt ˆjde
mfrfk¹AiCBG smZnm. 2. mpGflf W nWqfshv dlj sKsj zfmtnmCsrv mfsU
kfvkmA zfsY. nckvfQ kfsk sjfb zfmt hV. zfhfv sjfb zfmt sYfe.
vmpfb öfokm 42
sjfb zfmt zfïfrv dbje iY¦lbDq; dj§Â zbA sjfb zfmt k]fv dbje zdLj
iY¦lbDq. zkˆh mcndtsmv …dyk, snƒ zfmt jvsk zdLj syóf W pḱhfb rWqf,
pf nhfv yfƒsk swaô zfmt, mrfb zfïfrv dbje zdLj iY¦lbDq ˆhQ nWqfshv
dlj sKsj zdLj mpGflfnmxÝ. (jfbfdmvf} 46ix})
1. kfvfhDrv bfmfp hf djqfsm vfmfpfb djqfsm vfmfpfb hf vmpfsbv
djqfmsj n¶ftfkck kfvfhDr hf kfvfhDrv bfmfp htf rq. `kfvfhDr' mfsb
rt zfvfm jvf. spsrkc ntsI nfstrDboB 4 vfjzfk bfmfp isV dhvdkv nfsK
hsn ˆjec zfvfm dbskb, kfƒ kfv bfmW rsqsY kfvfhDrv bfmfp. zfv ‰
zfvfm sbWqfv ltDt rt mf zfsqwfv rflDn; pfsk dkdb hstb, `bhD 4
vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W SlsOGAv
hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. (zKGf{ zkA§À nc¦lv W lDOG rk.) zk}iv dkdb 4
vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W SlsOGAv
hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. zk}iv dkdb 3 vfjzfk (dhkXv) bfmfp iVskb.'
(hc} 1147, mc} 738bQ)
vvv kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv bbbfffmmmfffssspppvvv mmmfffbbb WWW
kkkfffvvv mmmfffrrrfffkkk¹¹¹AAA }}} kfvfhDrv bfmfp bfvD-icv¢N njstv
ubA ncâfsk mczfÄflfr. hù rflDnoas§¿ rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGxj hdBGk,
dkdb hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt djqfsm vfmfpfsbv hAfifsv (njtsj)
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vmpfb öfokm 43
…{nfdrk jvskb; dj§Â dkdb hfLAkfmCtjv™si zfslw dlskb bf. dkdb
htskb, ªsp hAdÙÁ „mfb svsJ nWqfshv zfwfq vmpfsbv djqfm jvsh, sn
hAdÙÁv iChGjxk ifinmCr mfI rsq pfsh.« (zf} 2/281, 529, hc} 1901,
mc} 759, nzflf} 1222, ndk} 648bQ) rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `ˆjlf bhD
mndusl bfmfp iVstb. k]fv zbcnvB (ƒdÙÁlf) jsv zsbj stfj bfmfp iVt.
zk}iv isvv vfsk bfmfp iVst stfj zfsvf shwD rt. kxkDq vfsk stfsjvf
umfsqk rst dkdb hfnf sKsj shv rstb bf. Iusvv nmq dkdb kfslv …sÜswA
htstb, ªzfdm skfmfslv zfoar t[A jsvdY. skfmfslv dbje (bfmfspv ubA)
shv rsk zfmfv sjfb hfLf dYt bf. dj§Â zfdm zfwËf jvtfm sp, ‰ bfmfp
skfmfslv ubA Ivp jsv slWqf rsh.« zfv ˆ Oebf rt vmpfsbv.' (hc} 2012,
mc} 761bQ)
vvv kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv nnnmmmqqq }}} kfvfhDrv bfmfp zflfq
jvfv nmq rt, vmpfsbv (y]fl slJfv vfk nr) iaskAj vfsÛ ˆwfv Ivp W
ncâk bfmfspv iv dhkXv iVfv zfso. zhwA swN vfsÛ Iuv …lq rWqfv zfso
ipG§À ˆv nmq dh²ÀDBG. spsrkc mrfbhD iaKm vfsÛ kfv iaKm Hfso ðv¢ jsv
vfsÛv ˆj-kxkDqfQw zdkhfdrk rWqf ipG§À bfmfp isVdYstb. däkDq vfsÛW
kfv iaKm Hfso ðv¢ jsv vfsÛv zsLGjfQw zdkhfdrk rWqf ipG§À bfmfp
isVdYstb ˆhQ kxkDq vfsÛ kfv iaKm Hfso ðv¢ jsv swN vfk zhdL
bfmfp
vmpfb öfokm 44
isVdYstb. (nzflf} 1227, ndk} 646, nbf} 1514, nƒmf} 1327bQ)
vvv kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv
vvvfffjjjzzzfffkkk---nnnQQQJJJAAAfff }}} ncâk W zfIpt rt ˆƒ bfmfp
dhkXv nr 11 vfjzfk iVf. mrfbhD -ˆv vfskv bfmfp nìsá nhGfdLj shwD
Jhv vfJskb dpdb, snƒ zfsqwf (vf})sj duÎfnf jvf rt sp, vmpfsb zfïfrv
vnCt -ˆv bfmfp jk vfjzfk dYt? …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `dkdb vmpfsb ˆhQ
zbAfbA mfsnW 11 vfjzfk zsi[f shwD bfmfp iVskb bf.' (hc} 1147, mc}
738bQ)
vvv ˆ̂̂ƒƒƒ bbbfffmmmfffssspppvvv dddjjj¶¶ ¶vvvfffzzzfffkkk }}}
mrfbhD vfskv djqfmsj Jch tìf jvskb. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, bhD 4
vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W SlsOGAv
hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. (zKGf{ zkA§À nc¦lv W lDOG rk.) zk}iv dkdb 4
vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W SlsOGAv
hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. zk}iv dkdb 3 vfjzfk (dhkXv) bfmfp iVskb.'
(hc} 1147, mc} 738bQ) ùpfƒIf hstb, `ˆjlf dkdb ˆj vfjzfsk nCvf
hfj¶fvfr, zf-dt ƒmvfb W dbnf LDsv LDsv ifE jsvb.' (mc} 772, bf}
1008, 1132bQ) rpvk …mfv -ˆv pfmfbfq ntIoB kfvfhDrv bfmfspv dj¶vfzfk
tìf jsv iVskb. iCBG bfmfsp iafq 300de zfqfk
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vmpfb öfokm 45
ifE jvskb. ˆmb dj ˆƒ lDOG djqfsmv jfvsB zsbsj tfdEv …iv Hv jsv
l]fVfskb ˆhQ Iusvv nfmfbA iCshG k]fvf bfmfp swN jsv hfnfq dIvskb.
snƒ nmq Jfslmvf snrvD JfWqf n©Hh rsh bf -ˆƒ zfwËfq Jfhfv dbsq
kfVfkfdV jvk. (mf} 249, 251, 252, dm} 1/408 zfthfbDv eDjf û}) k]fvf
8 vfjzfsk nCvf hfj¶fvfr isV swN jvskb ˆhQ kf 12 vfjzfsk iVf rst msb
jvf rk sp, bfmfp rfîf rsq sot. (‰)
vvv kkkfffVVVfffùùùVVVfff bbbfff jjjsssvvv nnncc c
¦¦¦lllvvvHHHfffssshhh kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrr iiiVVVfff }}} ƒmfsmv
ubA …dyk bq, bfmfsp utdlhfdu jvf ˆhQ jfsjv lfbf JfWqfv mk EjfEj
bfmfp swN jvf. spsrkc mrfbhD W nfrfhfsq sjvfm ˆ bfmfpsj Jchƒ tìf
jsv iVskb; spmb iCshG ˆ jKf zfstfdyk rsqsY. mrfbhD -ˆv v¢jC W
dnulfr iafq k]fv djqfsmv mkƒ lDOG rk. zfv ˆk tìf nmq Lsv dkdb
dnulfq Kfjskb sp, snƒ nmsq iafq 50de zfqfk ifE jvf spsk ifsv. (hc}
1123bQ û}) nckvfQ ˆ jKf zfmfslvsj zbciafdBk jsv sp, zfmvf zfmfslv
kfvfhDrv bfmfpsj k]fslv bfmfspv jfYfjfdY jvfv pKfnfLA syóf jvh.
zfmvfW dj¶vfzfk tìf jvh, v¢jC, dnulfr W kfv mfsU jWmf W ShEsj knhDr
W lczf zdLjfdLj ifE jvh. pfsk zfmfslv msb djdÑ{ idvmfB rstW spb
dhbq-bmakf zbcHCk rq; sp dhbq-bmakf rt bfmfspv iafB W md²À°j.
vmpfb öfokm 46
vvv dddjjjqqqfffmmmcc cttt tttfffƒƒƒttt---ˆ̂̂vvv jjjfffpppfff
}}} sp hAdÙÁ sjfb Wpvhwk} vfskv bfmfp (kfvfhDr, kfrfÏ cl hf djqfm)
iVsk ncspfo bf ifq, sn pdl dlsb kf jfpf jsv sbq, kfrst kf kfv ubA
ShL ˆhQ kfsk nWqfh W IpDtkW zfsY. ksh dhkXv nr sn jfpf kfsj sufV
hfdbsq iVsk rsh. htf hfùtA, kfv zHAfn mk 11 vfjzfk djqfm Ycse sost,
dlsbv shtfq Iuv W spfrsvv mLAhkGD nmsq 12 vfjzfk bfmfp jfpf iVsh.
mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, bhD -ˆv kfrfÏ cl Ocm hf hAKf-shlbf ƒkAfdl
jfvsB Ycse sost dlsb 12 vfjzfk jfpf iVskb. (mc} 746bQ)
2. jcvzfb sktfzk vmpfb mfn jcvzfsbv mfn. ªvmpfb mfn; sp mfsn
mfbcsNv dlwfvD ˆhQ n{isKv ±ió dblwGb W nkAfnskAv ifKGjAjfvDv™si
jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY.« (jc} 2/185) duhvDt vmpfsbv iaskAj vfsÛ mrfbhD
-ˆv nfsK nf[f{ jsv k]fsj jcvzfb ifE jvfskb. (hc} 6, mc} 2308bQ)
rpvk Ifdkmf (vf}) hstb, zfêf hstsYb sp, duhvDt iaskAj hYv ˆjhfv jsv
k]fv …iv jcvzfb siw jvskb (isV ðbfskb). dj§Â k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv hYsv
lcƒhfv jcvzfb
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vmpfb öfokm 47
siw jsvb. (hc} 1088ix}) …isvfÙÁ rflDnäq sKsj ˆƒ dbslGw ifWqf pfq
sp, vmpfb mfsn jcvzfb iEb-ifEb jvf, ˆ …sÜswA umfsqk rWqf ˆhQ
zsi[fjxk hV rfsIp hf jfvDv jfsY jcvzfb siw jvf (drIXp icbvfhxdÙ
jvf) mc²Àfrfh. zfv kfsk ˆ jKfvW ltDt vsqsY sp, vmpfb mfsn shwD shwD
jsv jcvzfb sktfzk jvf …Ùm. iaKsmfÙÁ rflDn sKsj ufbf pfq sp, duhvDt
mrfbhD -ˆv nfsK vfdÛsk jcvzfb icbvfhxdÙ jvskb. zfv kfsk hcUf pfq
sp, vmpfsbv vfsk zdLjfdLj jcvzfb sktfzk jvf mc²Àfrfh. spsrkc vfsk
sjfb vjm hA²Àkf Kfsj bf, vfsk ƒhflk jvsk msbv …ÜDibf ncnQhÝ Kfsj
ˆhQ r™lq-mb W vnbf jcvzfb …itdé jvsk nmiaqfnD rq. mrfb zfïfr
hstb,
zKGf{, dbÇyq vfdÛ ufovB msbv ˆjfoakf W r™lqÌsmv ubA zdkwq
zbcjCt. (jc} 73/6) ntsI nfstrDb vmpfb mfsn shwD shwD jcvzfb ifE
jvskb. k]fslv sj… sj… iaskAj 3 vfsk djqfsm iCBG jcvzfb Jkm jvskb.
sj… sj… Jkm jvskb 7 vfsk; ˆ]slv msLA jfkflfr zbAkm. djYc ntI 10
vfsk Jkm jvskb; ˆ]slv msLA zfhC vfuf …kfdvlD zbAkm. zfnWqfl vmpfsbv
iaskAj 2 vfsk jcvzfb Jkm jvskb. bfJqD vmpfsbv swN lwsj 2 vfsk ˆhQ
kfv iCshG 3 vfsk jcvzfb Jkm jvskb. vmpfb mfn
vmpfb öfokm 48
iashw jvst pcrvD htskb, `ˆ mfn skf jcvzfb sktfzk ˆhQ dmnjDbslvsj
JflA lfb jvfv mfn.' ƒmfm mfstj vmpfb ˆst rflDn iVf ˆhQ zfrst
ƒtXmslv ShEsj hnf hfl dlsq mcnrfI slsJ jcvzfb iVsk pḱhfb rskb.
ncdIqfb nWvD vmpfb mfn iashw jvst njt ƒhflk kAfo jsv jcvzfb sktfzk
jvsk iaqfnD rskb. (tfmf} ƒhsb vuh 172, 179, 181-182 ix}, jfbfdmvf}
48-49ix}, jfbfvf} 17ix}, rfnf} 11ix} û}) ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, 2 vfsk
jcvzfb Jkm jvf dhsLq bq. jfvB mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ 3 vfskv jsm
jcvzfb isV, sn kf hcsU bf.« (zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, lf}, nuf} 7743bQ)
dj§Â ƒhsb vuh (v}) hstb, 3 vfskv jm nmsq jcvzfb iVsk sp dbsNL
ˆsnsY, kf zfnst dbqdmkHfsh nfvf hYsv jvst dbdNÝ. bsy{, mpGflf W
mfrfk¹AiCBG nmq; spmb vmpfb mfsn ˆhQ dhswN jsv sp njt vfsÛ wshjlv
zbcnáfb jvf rq sn njt vfsÛ zKhf mpGflf W mfrfk¹AiCBG ²¿fb; spmb
mÄfq hdrvfok hAdÙÁv ubA shwD shwD jsv jcvzfb sktfzk jvf mc²Àfrfh.
pfsk mpGflf W mfrfk¹AiCBG ‰ nmq W ²¿fsbv pKfKG jlv jvf rq. ˆ jKf
hstsYb zfrmfl, ƒnrfj iamcJ ƒmfmoB. zfv ˆvƒ …iv zfmt rt zbAfbAslv;
spmb …ipGcÙÁ …Ýxdk äfvf sn jKf ±ió rq. (jfbfdmvf} 48-49ix}, jfbfvf}
17ix}, rfnf} 11ix} û}) ˆ jKf zdhdlk bq sp, sp jcvzfb sktfzk
sktfzkjfvDv ubA nmAjX …ijfvD, kf rt kfv zfqfskv zKG, zfslw W
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vmpfb öfokm 49
dbsNL zbcLfhb jsv W hcsU sktfzk. nckvfQ sktfzkjfvD pdl ˆmb sjfb
zfqfk isV, pfsk zfïfr kfsj djYcv zfslw jsvsYb, kfrst kf iftb jsv.
zbcv™i ˆmb sjfb zfqfk isV, pfsk zfïfr kfsj djYc dbsNL jsvsYb, kfrst
kf huGb jsv W kf sKsj dhvk rq. sjfb vrmskv zfqfk sktfzk jvst zfïfrv
jfsY vrmk dH[f jsv ˆhQ k]fv dbje lqfv zfwf jsv. zfpfshv zfqfk ifE
jvst zfïfrv dbje kf sKsj ifbfr yfq ˆhQ k]fv wfd²Àsj Hq jsv. sp
sktfzkjfvD ˆmb jsv, zfnst snƒ jcvzfb zbcLfhb jsv ˆhQ kfv …iv zfmt
jsv. zfv kfvƒ ubA jcvzfb rsh öis[v ltDt. i[f§Àsv sp sktfzkjfvD
jcvzfb zbcpfqD zfmt jsv bf, sn kfsk …ijxkW rq bf. zfv jcvzfb kfv
dhv¢sÝ ltDt rsq pfsh. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
zKGf{, zfdm ˆƒ hjGkmq djkfh skfmfv iadk zhkDBG jsvdY, pfsk mfbcN
ˆv zfqfknmCr zbcLfhb jsv ˆhQ shfLwdÙÁ-n©iâ hAdÙÁoB …islw oarB jsv.
(jc} 38/29) (ƒkrfI} 51-52ix} û}) mndusl jcvzfb sktfzk jvst ˆmb
…¤yösv jvf …dyk bq, pfsk bfmfpDslv dFófhG rq. spsrkc mrfbhD ˆ
hAfifsv dbsNL jsv hstb, ªzhwAƒ bfmfpD k]fv iaHcv jfsY mcbfufk jsv.
zkˆh kfv t[A jvf …dyk, sn dj dlsq k]fv jfsY
vmpfb öfokm 50
mcbfufk jvsY. zfv skfmfslv sj… spb zisvv jfsY …¤yösv jcvzfb bf
isV.« (zf}, k¶fh}, nzflf} 1203bQ, nuf} 1951bQ) (pfnfIfjf} 19ix})
zsbsjv msb iaw´ ufosk ifsv sp, jcvzfb iVf Hft, bfdj swfbf Hft.
zfnst …Ùm rt kfƒ jvf, pf msbfspfsov ubA ˆhQ iaHfhfd¦hk rWqfv dlj
sKsj shwD …Ùm. jfvB, sktfzskv …sÜwA rt, zfqfskv zKG zbcLfhb, r™lqÌm
W mrfb zfïfrv djkfh zbcpfqD zfmt. (nftfkf} 46ix}) nfLfvBHfsh jcvzfb
sktfzskv vsqsY dhwft mpGflf ˆhQ dhvfe nWqfh. mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf
jcvzfb ifE jv. sjb bf kf djqfmskv dlb kfv ifEjfvDslv ubA
ncifdvwjfvDv™si …id²¿k rsh. ---« (mc}, zf}, nuf} 1165bQ) dkdb zfsvf
hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv djkfh rsk ˆjde mfÛ z[v ifE jsv sn hAdÙÁ ˆjde
sbjD tfH jsv. zfv ˆjde sbjD lwocB hdLGk jvf rq. zfdm htdY bf sp,
`zfdtI-tfm-mDm' ˆjde z[v. hvQ `zfdtI' ˆjde z[v, `tfm' ˆjde z[v ˆhQ
`mDm' ˆjde z[v.« (hc} kfvDJ, dk}, rf}, nuf} 6469 bQ) nckvfQ zfidb
kfslv ltHcÙÁ rb, pfvf jcvzfb pKfKGv™si (kfv rj zflfq jsv) sktfzk
jsv. zfidb mndusl, dbu hfn²¿fsb ˆhQ jmG²¿st jcvzfb sktfzk jv¢b. zfv
ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, …ipcÙÁ nmq msbv …iv jcvzfsbv iaHfh sItsk hV nrfqj
rq. kfsk mcndtsmv srlfqfskv
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vmpfb öfokm 51
…iv srlfqfk ˆhQ zfstfv …iv zfstf hxdÝ ifq. zfv vmpfb mfn rt
jcvzfb sktfzk W kfv äfvf iaHfhfd¦hk rWqfv nhGswaô nmq. spsrkc
jcvzfb mcndtsmv v™srv sJfvfj. vmpfsb m¦l-iahB zfk¹fv zfdLikA lchGt
rsq isV. pfv Ist zfk¹f …âdk tfH jsv, jcvzfsbv sJfvfj sisq nht rsq
WsE ˆhQ mcndtm zfïfrv hfBD äfvf idviCBG …ijxk rsk ifsv.
3. …mvfr vmpfb mfsn …mvfr jvf hV IpDtkiCBG nWqfshv jfu. mrfbhD
hstb, ªzhwAƒ vmpfsbv …mvfr ˆjde rÏ zKhf zfmfv nfsK ˆjde rÏ jvfv
nmkctA.« (hc} 1863, mc} 1256bQ) zkˆh syóf jv¢b, pfsk zfibfv ˆk hV
nWqfh ˆhQ ˆk mpGflfn©iâ smZnm rfkYfVf bf rsq pfq. zfv ˆ jfsu zfibfv
kWIDj rst zhwAƒ …mvfr zflfq jvfv dbqm-iÝdk susb dbb. pfsk zfibfv
…mvfr mrfbhD -ˆv kvDjf zbcpfqD zflfq rq.
4. swN lwsjv zfmt W ƒhflk mrfbhD vmpfsbv swN lwsj ƒhflk jvsk sp
smrbk W syóf jvskb, mfsnv zbAfbA dlbÈdtsk kf jvskb bf. (mc}
vmpfb öfokm 52
1175bQ) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, vmpfsbv swN lwj ˆsn …id²¿k rst
zfïfrv vnCt (ƒhflskv ubA) dbsuv sjfmv (tcdÌ) sh]sL dbskb, nfvfvfdÛ
ufovB jvskb ˆhQ zfib idvubsjW ufofskb.« (hc} 2024bQ, zf} 6/41,
zflf} 1376, bf} 1639, ƒmf} 1768, ƒJc} 2214bQ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
dkdb dbsu nfvfvfdÛ ufovB jvskb ˆhQ zfib idvubsjW ufofskb. ƒhflsk
smrbk jvskb ˆhQ sjfmv (hf tcdÌ) sh]sL dbskb. (mc} 1174bQ) (j)
mrfbhD vmpfsbv swN lwsj zdkdvÙÁ djYc ˆmb zfmt jvskb, pf mfsnv
zbAfbA dlbÈdtsk jvskb bf. spmb, dkdb vfdÛ ufovB jvskb. n©Hhk} dkdb
nfvfvfdÛ ufoskb; zKGf{ icsvf vfkefƒ bfmfp ƒkAfdlsk mwÈt Kfjskb.
zKhf dkdb icsvf vfkefƒ djqfm jvskb. zhwA ˆvƒ msLA dkdb vfskv Jfhfv
W snrvD sJskb. ˆ s[sÛ vfdÛ ufovsBv mfsb rsh zdLjfQw hf iafq n©iCBG
vfkefƒ ufoskb. zfv mf zfsqwfv ˆjde jKf ˆƒ hAfJAfv nmKGb jsv. dkdb
hstb, zfdm ufdb bf sp, dkdb sjfb vfdÛ Iuv ipG§À djqfm jsvsYb. (mc}
746, bf} 1641bQ) (J) mrfbhD ˆƒ vfkÈdtsk bfmfp iVfv ubA dbsuv
idvhfsvv njtsj ufofskb. zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, dkdb hYsvv zbAfbA mfsnW
idvhfvsj bfmfspv ubA ufofskb.
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vmpfb öfokm 53
kfrfÏ cl iVfv swsN dhkXv iVfv zfso zfsqwf (vf})sj ufofskb. (hc}
952bQ) sjfb sjfb vfsk zftD W Ifskmfv dbje …id²¿k rsq htskb, ªskfmvf
dj …sE bfmfp iVsh bf?« (zf} 1/112, hc} 1127, mc} 775bQ) dj§Â dkdb
kfslvsj vfsÛv djYc zQw bfmfp iVfv ubA ufofskb. htf hfùtA, hYsvv
zbAfbA vfskv kctbfq swN lwsjv vfkÈdtsk ufofsbf dYt dHâkv. (û} lcvf}
86ix}) (o) mrfbhD swN lwsjv vfkÈdtsk dbsuv tcdÌ sh]sL dbskb. ˆ jKfq
ƒdÌsk k]fv ƒhflskv ubA iCBG ia²Âdk ˆhQ dyvfydvk zHAfsnv kctbfq
zdkdvÙÁ iasyófsj hcUfsbf rsqsY. zKGf{, dkdb sjfmsv jfiV sh]sL
ƒhflsk stso spskb. zKhf kfsk ƒdÌsk ² ÃD-nQ±iwG W nrhfn kAfo jvfv
jKf hcUfsbf rsqsY. zfv ˆƒ hcUefƒ ndEjkv hst msb rq. nckvfQ …ÙÁ
vfkÈdtv bfmfspv mfrfk¹A W iadklfb pJb ˆk hV, kJb zfmfslv …dyk, kfv
idhÛ nmqÈdtsj zpKf bó bf jsv sItf ˆhQ …ÙÁ nmqÈdtsj idviCBGv™si jfsu
tfofsbf. zfv zfmvf kfslv mk spb bf rƒ, pfvf ˆ mfsnv ðv¢sk hV
pḱwDtkf W zbcvfo ialwGb jsv, zk}iv LDsv LDsv iÇyflXil rsq dIsv
zfsn. zhswsN pJb mfsnv swN kxkDqfQw ˆhQ snƒ icBAmq nmq ˆsn …id²¿k
rq pfsk shwD shwD nWqfh W sbjD tfH jvf pfq, kJb kfvf jcvzfb sktfzk,
kfvfhDr W vfskv bfmfp iVfv hAfifsv SwdKtA W zftnA ialwGb jsv!
vmpfb öfokm 54
5. ƒ'dkjfI wvDqskv idvHfNfq zfïfrv SbjeA tfsHv zfwfq dhswN
hAdÙÁv mnduslv msLA dbsusj zfhÝ svsJ snJfsb zh²¿fb jvf; kKf njt
mfbcN W nQnfsvv njt jfujmG sKsj lCsv Kfjf ˆhQ nWqfshv jfu; bfmfp,
dpjXv W jcvzfb sktfzk ƒkAfdl ƒhflskv ubA ˆjmb rWqfsj ƒ'dkjfI htf
rq. (û} dInc} 1/419, zfnfƒ} 191ix}, kfƒvf} 26ix})
v ƒ'dkjfsIv mfb } vmpfb mfsn jvBDq sp nh nWqfshv jmG dhswNHfsh
kfjDliafå, kfv msLA ƒ'dkjfI zbAkm. ƒ'dkjfI snƒ njt ncâfrv ˆjde, pf
iaskAj hYsvv ˆƒ vmpfb mfsn - dhswN jsv ˆv swN lwsj - mrfbhD hvfhv
jsv sosYb. zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, bhD iaskAj vmpfsb 10 dlb ƒ'dkjfI
jvskb. dj§Â k]fv ƒs§Àjfstv hYsv dkdb 20 dlb ƒ'dkjfI jsvb. (hc}
2044bQ) htfƒ hfùtA sp, ƒ'dkjfI njt iajfv hA²Àkf W hAfixdk sKsj lCsv
sKsj, zdkdvÙÁ ifb-sHfub rsk dhvk sKsj ˆhQ jcvzfb sktfzk,
dpjXv-zfpjfv W vfskv bfmfspv mfLAsm v™srv kvdhqk W msbv sJqft-JcwDv
dhv¢sÝ durfl jvfv ˆjde hV ncspfo.
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vmpfb öfokm 55
v ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA pf jvf mc²Àfrfh } 1. ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA shwD
shwD bIt ƒhflk jvf, dbsusj bfmfp, jcvzfb sktfzk, dpjXv, ƒd²ÀoIfv,
lv™l W nftfm, lczf ƒkAfdl ƒhflsk mwÈt vfJf mc²Àfrfh; sp ƒhflk äfvf
hf¦lf zfïfrv SbjeA tfH jvsk ˆhQ mcndtm kfv mrfb nxdójkGfv nfsK
n©ijG jfsqm jvsk ifsv. iajfw sp, wvqD ƒtXm zfstfybf jvf, (äDbD
hƒ-ic²Àj ifE jvf,) kInDv, rflDn, zfdìqf W nfstrDbslv uDhbD oa§¿ ifE
jvf ˆhQ äDsb ƒntfm W dIjXr nìáDq sp sjfb hƒ-ic²Àj ifE jvfW …ÙÁ
ƒhflskv ipGfqHcÙÁ. (dInc} 4/423) 2. ƒ'dkjfIjfvD ziasqfubDq W hfsu
jKf htf sKsj lCsv Kfjsh ˆhQ kjGfkdjG, ùÏk-UoVf W oftfofdt jvf sKsj
dhvk Kfjsh. 3. mnduslv dHksv ˆjde ufqof dbdlGó jsv snJfsb zh²¿fb
jvsh. bfsI' hstb, `zfè cïfr dhb …mfv mnduslv snƒ ufqofdesj
sldJsqsYb, sp ufqofq zfïfrv vnCt ƒ'dkjfI jvskb.' (mc} 1171bQ)
v ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA pf jvf ShL } 1. zdk iasqfubDq hAfifsv
ƒ'dkjfIjfvD mndul sKsj shv rsk ifsv. spmb hAdÙÁok iasqfusb ifbfrfv
jvsk, ivsbv jfiV hf wDskv Tfjf zfbsk ˆhQ siwfh-ifqJfbf jvsk shv
rWqf ShL. klbcv™i wvqD iasqfusb; spmb bfifjDv sofnt
vmpfb öfokm 56
jvsk zKhf WpC jvsk mnduslv hfƒsv pfWqf zShL bq. (mcm} 6/523) mf
zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `(ƒ'dkjfsIv nmq) bhD hAdÙÁok iasqfub YfVf Osv
zfnskb bf.' dkdb zfsvf hstb, `ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA ncâk rt, sn sjfb
svfoDsj slJf jvsk pfsh bf, sjfb ufbfpfq zQwoarB jvsh bf, ²ÃD-±iwG,
sjftfjcdt, hf nÌm jvsh bf, zfv zdk iasqfub YfVf mndul sKsj shv rsh
bf.' (nzflf} 2160bQ) 2. mnduslv dHksv ƒ'dkjfIjfvD ifbfrfv jvsk W
Ocmfsk ifsv. ksh mnduslv idhÛkf W idv¤Yâkfv sJqft zhwAƒ vfJsk rsh.
3. dbsuv zKhf zsbAv iasqfusb ShL jKf htsk ifsv. 4. mfKf z]fyVfsbf,
tìf bJ jfef, Sldrj idv¤Yâkfv sJqft vfJf, nc¦lv sifwfj ivf, zfkv
hAhrfv jvf ƒkAfdl jmG ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA ShL. mrfbhD ƒ'dkjfI zh²¿fq
dbsuv mfKfsj mndul sKsj shv jsv ùuvfq zfsqwfv nfmsb U]cdjsq dlskb
ˆhQ dkdb mfdnj zh²¿fskW k]fv mfKf Lcsq dlskb ˆhQ zf]ysV dlskb. (hc}
2028, 2030, mc} 297bQ) 5. ƒ'dkjfI zh²¿fq pdl idvhfsvv sj…
ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv nfsK mndusl slJf jvsk zfsn, kfrst kfsj zfdosq dhlfq
slWqfv ubA mndul sKsj shv rWqf ShL. rpvk nfdIqAfr
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vmpfb öfokm 57
mrfbhD -sj slJf jvsk ˆst dkdb ˆv™i jsvdYstb. (hc} 2035, mc}
2175bQ)
v ƒ'dkjfI pfsk hfdkt rsq pfq } 1. zdk iasqfub YfVf mndul sKsj
nfmfbA [sBv ubAW ƒ¤Yfjxk shv rst ƒ'dkjfI bó rsq pfq. spsrkc mndusl
zh²¿fb jvf ƒ'dkjfsIv ubA zbAkm wkG zKhf v¢jXb. 2. ² ÃD-nrhfn jsv
sItst ƒ'dkjfI hfdkt. jfvB mrfb zfïfr hstb,
))والَ تباِشروهن وأَنتم عاِكفُونَ ِفي الْمساِجِد، ِتلْك حدود
اِهللا فَالَ تقْربوها((
zKGf{, zfv mndusl ƒ'dkjfIvk zh²¿fq skfmvf ² ÃD-omb jsvf bf. ˆ rt
zfïfrv dbLGfdvk nDmf. zkˆh kfv dbjehkGD rsqf bf. (jc} 2/187) 3.
sbwf hf md²À°j-dhjxdkv Ist ÎfbwCbA rsq sost ƒ'dkjfI hfdkt rsq pfq.
jfvB kfsk mfbcsNv Hfstf-ms¦lv kmDp Kfsj bf. 4. mdrtfslv mfdnj hf
dbIfn ðv¢ rst ƒ'dkjfI hfdkt. jfvB, idhÛkf ˆjde wkG. 5. sjfb jKf hf
jsmGv mfLAsm dwjG, jcIXv jvst hf mckGfÜ X rsq sost ƒ'dkjfI hfdkt
rsq pfq. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
vmpfb öfokm 58
zKGf{, kcdm dwjG jvst skfmfv zfmt ià rsq pfsh. (jc} 39/65)
(dInc} 1/426, jfbfvf} 27ix}, zfnfƒ} 205ix}) idvswsN hdt sp, zfidb
ˆƒ mrfb ncâfrsj uDdhk jvfv iadk pḱhfb rb - zfïfr zfibfv drIfpk
jv¢b. pḱhfb rb zdhvk zfbcoskAv mfLAsm zfibfv r™lqsj iafBh§À jvfv
iadk. iCBG hYsvv njt mfn sKsj sofbf-o]fKf ˆƒ jqde dlbsj ivjfstv
ifsKq zuGb ˆhQ dy§Àf-Hfhbf jvfv ubA Jfdt jsv dbb. ˆ ƒ'dkjfI zfmfslv
bhD -ˆv ncâk; pf hkGmfsb kAÙÁv™si idvodBk rsqsY. nckvfQ jkƒ bf
nc¦lv rq, pdl ufmfzfskv djYc stfj mndusl jmsn jm sjfb ˆj vfsÛv
nCpGf²À sKsj ivdlsbv nCspGflq ipG§À ƒ'dkjfI jsv dhvfe nWqfshv
zdLjfvD rq.
wshjlv zbcnáfb wshjlv hjGkmq mdrqnD vubDnmCsrv zbAkm. wshjlv
uDhsbv ˆjde nchBG ncspfo, wshjlv mfsnv swaô vfk. wshjlv ˆjde
mfrfk¹AiCBG idhÛ vfdÛ. jkƒ bf mrkD ˆƒ vubD! rfufv mfn zsi[f …Ùm! n{
W äDblfv stfsjvf ˆƒ vfskv sJ]fsu iadkspfdokf jsv Kfsjb. iaskAsjƒ
msb-iafsB kf ifWqfv stfH vfsJb. iaskAsjƒ kf sisk zfoarD Kfsjb.
db}ns¦lsr kf dhwft iadklfb! sp iadklfb mcndtm ‰ vfskv
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vmpfb öfokm 59
sofbf-o]fKf mfÛ jsqj O¦efv msLA zuGb jvsk ifsv. mc²Àfrfh rt,
vmpfsbv swN lwsjv dhsufV vfdÛÈdtsk ˆƒ vfskv zbcnáfb jvf. spsrkc
mrfbhD ˆv náfsb …ÙÁ vfdÛÈdtskƒ syóf yftfskb. dkdb ˆƒ ts[Aƒ swN lwsj
ƒ'dkjfI jsvsYb. zhwA zdLjfQw …tfmfv msk swN lwsjv msLA wshjlv
ifWqfv nhsysq zfwfhAÓj, mpGflfiCBG W pḱspfoA vfdÛ rt 27swv
vfdÛ.
v wshjlsvv bfm wshjlv sjb? j¶flXv mfsb kjlDv. nckvfQ tfƒtfkct
j¶flXv hf wshjlsvv mfsb kjlDsvv vfk hf HfoA-vubD. spsrkc ˆƒ vfsk
mrfb zfïfr zfofmD ˆj hYsvv ubA nxdóv v¢pD, mxkcA W OebfOesbv jKf
dtdihÝ jsv Kfsjb. spmb dkdb ˆ jKf jcvzfsb hstb,
zKGf{, ˆƒ vubDsk iaskAj Èv¢k¶iCBG dhNq d²¿vDjxk rq. (jc} 44/4)
zfv ˆƒ kjlDv; pf hf{ndvj dh²Àfdvk zfjfsv dtJf rq. ˆ YfVf mfkxosHG
ë™B Kfjf zh²¿fq dtJf rq nfvf uDhsbv kjlDv. zfv zfdl kjlDv; pf mrfb
zfïfr zfnmfb-pmDb nxdó jvfv 50 rfufv hYv iCshG `tfWsr mfrICp'-ˆ
dtsJ svsJsYb.
vmpfb öfokm 60
v wshjlsvv lczf } Hfƒ svfpflfv! wshjlsvv vfsÛ lczfv mfLAsm
zfïfrv SbjeA tfH jv¢b. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, zfdm httfm, sr zfïfrv
vnCt! zfdm wshjlv tfH jvst kfsk dj lczf ifE jvh? …Ùsv dkdb htstb,
ªkcdm hstf,
…¤yfvB}- zfïf-ù©mf ƒâfjf zfIc…hcb kcdrêct zfIWqf, If'Ic zfâD.
(zf} 6/171, 182, 183, 258, bf} zfmftct ƒqfWdm zt-tfƒtfr 872bQ, ƒmf}
3850, rf} 1/530)
…¤yfvB}- zfïf-ù©mf ƒâfjf zfIc…hcb jfvDmcb kcdrêct zfIWqf, If'Ic
zfâD. (dk} 3513bQ) zKG}- sr zfïfr! dbÇyq kcdm [mfwDt (mrfbcHh),
[mfsj iY¦l jv. zkˆh kcdm zfmfsj [mf jsv lfW. nckvfQ ˆƒ vfsk shwD
shwD jsv dpjXv W lczf ifE jv¢b. zfïfrv dbje dhbdk W dmbdk iajfw
jv¢b ˆhQ j]flcb. psḱv nfsK ˆƒ vfskv dmdbeÈdtv; hvQ snsjàÈdtv
näAhrfv jv¢b. jfvB rsk ifsv sp, däkDqhfv zfidb zfv kf dIsv ifshb
bf.
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vmpfb öfokm 61
dIk¶vfv dhhvB v nflfjfkct dIk¶Xvfv mfb } dIk¶vfv pfjfk zflfq jvf
Ivp. zfïfrv vnCt ˆ pfjfksj mcndtm …©mfrv ubA Ivp jsvsYb. ƒhsb …mfv
hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt mcndtmslv öfLDb W ÛÁDklfn, icv¢N W bfvD ˆhQ sYfe
W hV njstv ubA ˆj nf' (iafq zfVfƒ sjdu) sJucv hf ph JflA (zflfq)
Ivp jsvsYb.' (hc} 1503, mc} 984bQ) v nflfjfkct dIk¶Xvfv drjmk }
nflfjfkct dIk¶Xv nb lcƒ druvDv wf'hfb mfsn dhdLhÝ rq. ˆ nljfr
Ivp jvf rq svfpflfvsj snƒ zhfÒbDq znfvkf W spZbfyfsvv mdtbkf sKsj
idhÛ jvfv ubA, pf sn svfpf zh²¿fq jsv sIstsY. ˆƒ nljfr rsh kfv
svfpfv msLA Odek Û¢dev nQswfLbD. spsrkc sbjDv jfu ifisj L¶Qn jsv
slq. ˆ nljfr Ivp jvf rsqsY, pfsk snƒ „slv JcwD W zfbs¦lv dlsb
ovDh-dmnjDbslv nruté zfrfv rq. pfsk kfvfW LbDslv nfsK „slv zfbs¦l
wvDj rsk ifsv. ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt svfpflfsvv znfvkf W
spZbfyfsvv idËtkf sKsj idhÛkf ˆhQ dmnjDbslv zfrfv öv™i Ivp jsvsYb
---.' (nzflf} 1420, ƒmf} 1827, lfvf}, rf} 1/409, hf} 4/163)
vmpfb öfokm 62
v jfv …isv Wqfsuh } dIkvfv pfjfk iaskAj snƒ mcndtsmv …iv Ivp,
„slv vfk W dlsb pfv ˆjf§À iasqfubDq ˆhQ dbsuv kKf kfv idvhfsvv
zfrfsvv sysq zdkdvÙÁ JflA mucl Kfsj. zfv ˆ Ivspv hAfifsv njt
hAdÙÁk¶ nmfb. ˆsk öfLDb W ÛÁDklfn, icv¢N W bfvD, sYfe W hV, LbD W
ovDh, wrvhfnD W mv¢hfnD (shlc„b) ˆhQ svfpflfv W zsvfpflfsvv mfsU
sjfb ifKGjA sbƒ. ˆj jKfq ˆ pfjfk njstv kvI sKsj zflfqspfoA. pfv
HvB-sifNB jvf Wqfsuh, kfv kvI sKsjW dIkvfv pfjfk zflfq jvf Wqfsuh;
spmb ² ÃD-n§Àfb iaHxdk - pdl kfvf dbsuslv pfjfk dbsuvf zflfq jvsk
n[m bf rq kfrst. zbAKf kfvf dbsuvf dbsuslv dIkvfr zflfq jvst snefƒ
…Ùm. spsrkc wvDqskv zfslsw iaskAj hAdÙÁsj nvfndv nsìfLb jvf rq.
(mfwfvf} mudtn bQ 28) mfkxuEsv ë™sBv hqn pdl 120 dlb rsq Kfsj,
kfrst kfv i[ sKsjW dIkvfv pfjfk zflfq jvf mc²Àfrfh hst djYc …tfmf
msb jsvb. htf hfùtA, ë™sBv kvI sKsj dIkvfr zflfq Wqfsuh bq. (dIpf}
2/927, mcm} 6/162)
v dIkvfv pfjfskv idvmfB jk? dIkvfv nljfr Wqfsuh rt ˆj nf'
idvmfB. ˆJfsb nf' htsk mlDbfq iaydtk bhhD nf' …dÜó. ixdKhDv zbA
sjfb zÑst nf' iaydtk KfjstW kf pdl mflfbD nf' sKsj mfsi dHâ rq,
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vmpfb öfokm 63
kfrst dIkvfr zflfsqv s[sÛ sn nf'-ˆv mfi oarBspfoA bq. bhhD
nf'-ˆv mfi zbcpfqD hkGmfb pcso Hft Lvsbv osmv Wub rq 2 sjdu 40
oafm. (mcm} 6/176) zhwA yft ƒkAfdl ndte JflA-ûshAv Wub kfv sKsj
shwD rsh. zkˆh ˆj nf' idvmfB JfslAv mfUfmfdU Wub rsh smfefmcde
zfVfƒ-dkb sjdu mk. i[f§Àsv idvmfsiv nf'-ƒ rt ˆ hAfifsv mCt mfip§ Ã
ˆhQ ˆefƒ rt nhG pco W nhGiajfv JfslAv mfsiv ubA iChGnkjGkfmCtj
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wvDqskv ±ió …dÙÁv …iv zfmtW rq.
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dIk¶Xv slswv iaLfb JflA sKsj rWqfƒ hfÒbDq; pdlW rflDsn sn JfslAv
…sïJ sbƒ, spmb yft. nckvfQ slswv iaLfb JflA wnA, It hf sofñX pfƒ
srfj bf sjb, dIkvfq kf lfb jvst dIkvf zflfq rsq pfsh. kfsk sn
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kf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv dbslGw-dhsvfLD. zfv dkdb hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
ˆmb
vmpfb öfokm 64
sjfb jfu jsv, pfsk zfmfslv dbslGw sbƒ, kf iakAfJAfk.« (zf}
2/146, hc} kf'tDj 1539ix}, mc} 1718bQ, zflf}, ƒmf}) ªsp hAdÙÁ
zfmfslv ˆ hAfifsv bkcb djYc …ßfhb jsv pf kfv z§ÀHGcÙÁ bq, kf
iakAfJAfk.« (zf} 6/270, hc} 2697, mc} 1718, ƒmf})
v dIkvf jJb Wqfsuh rq? vmpfsbv swN dlsbv nCpG z²À pfWqfv nfsK
nfsK dIkvfv pfjfk Wqfsuh rq. ˆ nmq rt vmpfsbv swN svfpf ƒIkfv jvfv
nmq. zfv ˆ nmsqv dlsj nìÝ jsvƒ kfv bfm rsqsY `nflfjfkct dIk¶Xv'.
htf hfùtA, ƒIkfv jvfv nmq hf²Àhfdqk rq „slv vfskv náAfq nCpG sFfhfv
nfsK nfsK. zkˆh ˆ nmsq sp wvDqskv zfÎfiafå Kfjsh sjht kfvƒ …iv ‰
pfjfk Wqfsuh ˆhQ kfv isv sj… zfÎfiafå rst kf Wqfsuh bq. spmb „slv
vfskv nCpG sFfhfv nfmfbA[B iv pdl sj… ƒntfsm lDd[k rq zKhf sjfb dwð
u¦moarB jsv, zKhf swN vmpfsbv nCpG sFfhfv nfmfbA[B iCshG pdl sj…
mfvf pfq, kfrst …ÙÁ iajfv stfsjslv …iv dIkvf Wqfsuh bq. v dIkvf jJb
dlsk rsh?
dIkvf zflfq jvfv lcde nmq zfsY; kfv msLA ˆjde nmsq zflfq dlst
IpDtk ifWqf pfsh ˆhQ zbA ˆjdev nmsq lfb jvst psKó rsq pfsh. iaKm
nmsq dlsk rq ˆhQ däkDq nmsq slWqf yst. iaKm nmsq slWqfƒ dhsLq ˆhQ
däkDq nmsq
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vmpfb öfokm 65
slWqf ShL. ˆƒ pfjfk zflfsqv IpDtskv nmq rt, „slv njfst bfmfspv
iCshG. zfhC nf„l JclvD hstb, `zfmvf bhD -ˆv pcso „lct dIk¶Xsvv dlb
ˆj nf' JflA lfb jvkfm.' (hc} 1510bQ) ƒhsb …mfv hstb, `bhD stfsjslv
„slv bfmfspv ubA shv rWqfv iCshG dIkvfv pfjfk zflfq slWqfv zfslw
dlsqsYb.' (hc} 1509, mc} 986bQ) ˆƒ ubAƒ „lct dIk¶Xsvv bfmfp slvD
jsv iVf …Ùm. pfsk dIkvf zflfq slWqfv ubA nmq nQjDBG bf rq. ˆƒ pfjfk
zflfsqv ShL nmq rt „slv zfso lc-ˆj dlb. bfsI' hstb, `ƒhsb …mfv
sYfe-hV njstv kvI sKsj dIkvf dlskb; ˆmb dj zfmfv sYstslv kvI sKsjW
dkdb dIkvf shv jvskb. zfv kfslvsj lfb jvskb, pfvf kf oarB jvk.
kfslvsj „slv ˆj zKhf lcƒ dlb zfso dlsq slWqf rk.' (hc} 1511, zflf}
1610bQ) ˆ pfjfk dlsk „slv bfmfspv iv ipG§À slvD jvf ShL bq. nckvfQ
sp hAdÙÁ „slv bfmfspv iv kf zflfq slq, kfv pfjfk jhct rq bf. jfvB,
kfv jfu mrfbhD -ˆv dbslGw-dhsvfLD. ƒhsb zfêfsnv rflDsn hdBGk,
mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ kf bfmfspv iCshG zflfq slq kfv pfjfk jhct
rq. zfv sp kf bfmfspv isv zflfq slq, kfv sn pfjfk nfLfvB lfb hst
oBA
vmpfb öfokm 66
rq.« (nzflf} 1420, ƒmf} 1827, rf} 1/409, hf} 4/163) zhwA sjfb
zncdhLfv ubA bfmfspv iv dlst kfv pfjfk jhct rsq pfsh. spmb, pdl sj…
„slv njfst ˆmb ufqofq Kfsj, spJfsb pfjfk sbWqfv mk stfj sbƒ, zKhf
njfst rEf{ jsv „slv Jhv ˆst dIkvf zflfq slWqfv ncspfo bf sist, zKhf
ziv jf…sj kf zflfq slWqfv Hfv slWqfv iv sn kf Hcst sost „slv
bfmfspv iv kf zflfq dlst slfNfhr bq. spsrkc ˆ hAfifsv kfv Wuv
oarBspfoA.
v pfjfk sjfKfq dlsk rsh? pfjfk zflfq jvfv nmq mcndtm sp ufqofq
Kfsj, sn ufqofv ldvû mfbcNslv mfsU dhkvB jvsk rsh. v pfjfskv rjlfv
W h¦eb-iÝdk
dIkvfv pfjfskv rjlfv rt ovDh mfbcNvf ˆhQ snƒ ‡Boa²À mfbcNvf,
pfvf kfslv ‡B idvswfL jvsk ifvsY bf. ˆƒ swaBDv mfbcNslvsj kfslv
iasqfub zbcpfqD pfjfk slWqf pfsh. ˆjde dIkvf jsqjde dmnjDbsj slWqf
ytsh. spmb jsqjde dIkvf slWqf ytsh ˆjde mfÛ dmnjDbsj. spsrkc mrfbhD
jk dlsk rsh kf dbLGfvB jsvsYb; dj§Â jqub dmnjDbsj dlsk rsh, kf
dbLGfvB jsvb db.
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vmpfb öfokm 67
JcwDv „l mrfb zfïfr iaskAj hYsv mcndtmslvsj lcde JcwDv dlb lfb
jsv kfslv iadk zbcoar jsvsYb. sp lcde dlsb kfvf snƒ dbqfmk W zbcoar
dbsq JcwDv hdr}iajfw Oefsk ifsv, pf dkdb kfslvsj ialfb jsvsYb.
nckvfQ „lct dIk¶sv mcndtmvf dbu dbu svfpf nmfå jsv ˆhQ vmpfsbv
djqfm (vfskv bfmfp) zflfsq zfïfrv kWIDj tfH jvfv Ist JcwD iajfw jsv
Kfsj. zfv „lct zfprfsk kfslv rÏ W jcvhfbD dbsq zfb¦l …isHfo jsv
Kfsj ˆhQ kfslv dhok ƒdkrfn ±mvB jsv Kfsj. pfv Ist kfvf shwD shwD
jsv n{jmG jsv Kfsj ˆhQ bfbf Lvsbv jcvhfbD siw jsv Kfsj. „l mfsb
dIsv zfnf. spsrkc JcwDv hfkGf dbsq „l iadk hYv hfvhfv dIsv zfsn ˆhQ
mfbcN kf hfvhfv iftb jsv, kfƒ kfsj „l htf rq. zsbsj hstb, spsrkc kf
iaskAj hYv bkcbHfsh JcwD dbsq dIsv zfsn, kfƒ kfsj „l hst. sj… sj…
hstb, sp hAdÙÁ „slv JcwD zbcHh jsv, zfofmDsk kfv jfsY zfhfv dIsv
zfncj ˆƒ zfwfhfdlkfv jfvsB kfsj „l htf rsqsY.
v „l lcde; pfv sjfb kxkDq sbƒ ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, ƒntfsmv „l mfÛ
lcde; pfv sjfb kxkDq sbƒ } „lct dIk¶v W „lct zfprf. ˆ lcde „l
iaskAj hYv
vmpfb öfokm 68
zfmfslv dbje Ocsv-dIsv zfomb jsv Kfsj. zhwA kxkDq zfv ˆjde „l
zfsY pf nåfrfs§À ˆjhfv dIsv zfsn, zfv kf rt ucmzfv dlb. ˆ YfVf
mcndtmslv ubA zfv zbA sjfb „l sbƒ. spmb sp „l hlv zKhf mÄf-dhuq
pcsÝv ±mxdk v[fv …its[A iftb jvf rsq Kfsj; pfsk mcndtmvf ym{jfv
dhuq tfH jsvdYt - sn „l wvqD „l bq. htf hfùtA, …ÙÁ dkb „l YfVf zbA
„l zfïfrv äDsb bh zfdh°jxk dhlzfk; pfv nis[ zfïfr sjfb iamfB zhkDBG
jsvbdb ˆhQ mrfbhD …©mskv ubA kf dhdLhÝ jsv pfbdb. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ
…ÙÁ „l YfVf zbA „l dhsLq rWqfv lfhD jsv, sn zfnst zfïfrv …iv
dmKAfsvfi jsv ˆhQ vnCstv bfsm dmKAf hst. (mcrfïf 5/81, mcm}
5/1)
v dhlzfkD „l pJb ˆ dnÝfs§À …ibDk rWqf sot sp, mcndtmslv „l sjht
dkbde, kJb ˆ jKf idv°jfvHfsh ufbf pfq sp, …ÙÁ dkb „l-ihG YfVf zbA
sp sjfb ishGv ubA „l bfm iasqfo jvf rq, kf zfnst dhlzfkD „l. spmb
„sl bWsvfu, „sl mfrfvufb, „sl dÛÁnmfn, „sl mDtflcâfhD, „sl wf©mcb
bfnDm (hns§Àf{nh), „sl …©mX (mfkxdlhn), „lct …nvfr (idvhfv dlhn)
ƒkAfdl. nckvfQ …ÙÁ njt „l iftb jvf, pfvf iftb jsv kfslv JcwDsk
zQwoarB jvf zKhf sn …its[A kfslvsj mchfvjhfl ufbfsbf mcndtmslv ubA
ShL bq. spsrkc ˆ njt „l rt
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vmpfb öfokm 69
dhlzfkD zKhf vdrk „l. hvQ ˆv djYc jcIvD „l; spmb ƒqfùlD, dJaófb
iaHxdk jfsIvslv njt „l.
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jsvsYb. mfbcN pJb svfpfv mk ƒntfsmv ˆjde Ivp iftb jvt, kJb kfv isvƒ
dkdb kfslv ubA ˆjde „slv dlb lfb jvstb, pfsk kfvf JcwD jvsk ifsv.
sndlb kfvf zfb¦l …isHfo jvsk ifsv, ShL sJtf sJtsk ifsv ˆhQ kfvƒ
mfsU „slv JcwDv hdr}iajfw Oesk ifsv. zfïfrv slWqf …ÙÁ dbqfmskv
wcjXv zflfq rsk ifsv. ˆƒ „sl kfvf JcwD rq, jfvB svfpf iftsbv mfLAsm
öjxk ifivfdw sKsj kfvf idhÛ rsk ifsv. mrfb zfïfr svfpfv swsN ˆjde
dlb „löv™i mcndtmslvsj …irfv dlstb, pfsk kfvf ƒhflskv ˆƒ smZnsmv iv
ifivfdw mfI rWqf, mpGflf nmc¤y rWqf ˆhQ sbjDv Hfàfv hxdÝ ifWqfv
dbqfmk dbsq zfb¦l …isHfo jvsk ifsv. (mcm} 5/211)
v „slv bfmfspv mfb } „slv JcwDv iaLfb zÌ rt, „slv bfmfp. ˆƒ
bfmfp dhdLhÝ rq druvDv iaKm nsbƒ. mrfbhD mlDbfq zfomb jvst slJstb,
mlDbfhfnDvf lcde „l iftb jvsY. kf slsJ dkdb htstb, (ufsrdtqfsk)
skfmfslv lcde dlb dYt pfsk skfmvf
vmpfb öfokm 70
sJtfLCtf jvsk. ˆ[sB ‰ dlsbv idvhskG zfïfr skfmfslvsj lcde …Ùm
dlb ialfb jsvsYb; „lct dIkv ˆhQ „lct zfprfv dlb.' (nzflf} 1004, bf}
1555bQ) htf hfùtA, ˆ bfmfp djkfh, ncâfr W mcndtmslv ƒumf' msk
dhsLq. (mcobD 3/253) ˆ bfmfp 2 vfjzfk ncâfsk mczfÄflfr. mrfbhD k]fv
uDhsbv iaskAj „slƒ ˆ bfmfp zflfq jsvsYb ˆhQ icv¢N W mdrtf njtsjƒ ˆ
bfmfp zflfq jvfv ubA („lofsr) shv rsk zfslw jsvsYb. (dInc} 1/277,
kfƒvf} 33ix}) k]fv iv k]fv JctfIfvfW ˆ bfmfp pKfvDdk zflfq jsvsYb.
kftrf dhb …hfƒlcïfr jkGxj hdBGk sp, ˆjlf ˆj shlc„b mrfbhD -sj Ivp
bfmfp n©isjG duÎfnf jvst dkdb kfsj 5 zÙÁX bfmfspv jKf dw[f dlstb.
zk}iv shlc„b k]fsj duÎfnf jvt, ˆ YfVf dj zfmfv …iv zbA djYc Ivp
zfsY? …Ùsv mrfbhD htstb, ªbf, zhwA kcdm pdl bIt drnfsh iV, (kfrst
sn jKf zftflf.)« (hc} 46, mc} 11bQ) i[f§Àsv hù nkAfbcnáfbD …tfmf
msb jsvb sp, „slv bfmfp Wqfsuh; sjfb Wpv YfVf kf mfI bq. spsrkc
mrfbhD k]fv uDhsb iaskAjde „sl ˆ bfmfp zflfq jsvsYb ˆhQ sjfb „slƒ
kf kAfo jsvb db. mdrtfslvsj ˆ bfmfp zflfq jvfv ts[A Ov sKsj „lofsr
shv rsk zfslw jsvsYb. zfv zfslw jvfv mfsbƒ rt kf Wqfsuh. kfYfVf
„slv bfmfp rt ƒntfsmv
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vmpfb öfokm 71
zbAkm iakDj. zfv äDsbv iakDj Wqfsuh YfVf zfv dj rsk ifsv? spmb
„l W ucmzfr ˆjƒ dlsb ˆjdÛk rst ˆhQ „slv bfmfp zflfq jvst zfv ucmzfr
bf iVstW yst. zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, sjfb bIt zfmt sjfb Ivp zfmtsj
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ƒhbct jfƒsqAm 11ix}, bfzf} 3/310-311, mcm} 5/151, kfdm} 344ix},
Ifdn} mcndbl 116ix})
v „slv bfmfspv nmq „slv bfmfspv nmq ðv¢ rq „slv dlsbv nCpG …lq
rWqfv smfefmcde 15 dmdbe iv ˆhQ swN rq spfrsvv bfmfspv nmq …id²¿k
rWqfv nfsK nfsK. (mcm} 5/154) ƒhsb jclfmfr hstb, „lct zfprfv bfmfp
njft njft iVf ncâk; pfsk jcvhfbD jvsk psKó nmq ifWqf pfq ˆhQ „lct
dIk¶svv bfmfp ˆjec slvD jsv iVf ncâk; pfsk kfv iCshG dIk¶vfv nljf
shv jvfv ubA psKó nmq rfsk Kfsj. (zft-mcobD 5/267)
v „slv bfmfspv ²¿fb wrsvv hfƒsv sjfb dbjehkGD iaw²À mqlfsb „slv
bfmfp zflfq jvf ncâk; pfsk stfsjslv ubA snJfsb …id²¿k rWqf nru rq.
zfhC nf„l JclvD hstb, zfïfrv vnCt „lct dIk¶v W zfprfv dlb mcnfïfq
shv rsq spskb. (hcJfvD 956bQ)
vmpfb öfokm 72
v „lofsr shv rWqfv bfbf zflh } mrfbhD „slv dlsb iftbDq dhdHâ
ncâfr W zflh zfmfslvsj dw[f dlsqsYb, zfmvf nQs[si kfv djYc kcst
LvdY }-
v „slv ubA sofnt jvf } „slv bfmfspv ubA sofnt jvf mc²Àfrfh. ƒhsb
…mfv sKsj dhðÝ nCsÛ hdBGk sp, dkdb „lct dIk¶Xsvv dlb „lofsr pfWqfv
iCshG sofnt jvskb. (mf} 428bQ) nf„l dhb mcnfƒqfh sKsj nrDr nCsÛ
hdBGk zfsY, dkdb hstb, `„lct dIk¶Xsvv ncâk rt 3de; ifsq sr]se
„lofsr pfWqf, pfWqfv zfso djYc JfWqf ˆhQ sofnt jvf.' (ƒo} 3/104)
zfv n©Hhk} dkdb ˆ ncâk 3de sjfb sjfb nfrfhf sKsj oarB jsvsYb. ƒmfm
bfWqfhD „slv bfmfspv ubA sofnt jvf mc²Àfrfh rWqfv hAfifsv …tfmfoB
ˆjmk zfsYb hst …sïJ jsvsYb. kfYfVf sp zsKG ucmzfr ƒkAfdl nfLfvB
nmfshswv ubA sofnt jvf mc²Àfrfh, snƒ zKG „slW hkGmfb. hvQ snƒ zKG
„sl zdLjkv ±ió. (lcvf} 97ix})
v „slv ubA nfunÏf W ncodá hAhrfv } nrDr hcJfvDsk `„l W kfv ubA
nfunÏf oarB'-ˆv hfsh
hdBGk zfNfsv zfè cïfr dhb …mfv hstb, ˆjlf …mfv
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vmpfb öfokm 73
ˆjde smfef svwsmv SkvD ucêf hfufsv dhÛÁq rsk slsJ dkdb kf dbsq
zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb ˆef ÛÁq jsv
dbb. ˆde „l W hdrvfok vfu-iadkdbdLslv ubA idvLfb jsv snZ¦lpG LfvB
jvshb.' dj§Â dkdb htstb, ªˆde skf kfslv sthfn, pfslv (ivjfst) sjfb
zQw sbƒ.« (hc} 948bQ) ƒhsb jclfmfr hstb, ˆƒ rflDn sKsj hcUf pfq sp,
…ÙÁ nmsq snZ¦lpG LfvB jvf k]fslv dbje iaydtk dYt. (mco} 3/257) …ÙÁ
Oebfq zfïfrv vnCt snZ¦lpG LfvsBv hAfifsv zfidÙ ufbfstb bf. dj§Â kf
ÛÁq jvsk zfidÙ ufbfstb; sjbbf kf dYt svwsmv SkvD. (lcvf} 99ix})
k¶fhfvfbDsk ƒhsb zfêfn jkGxj hdBGk zfsY sp, bhD „slv dlsb ˆjde tft
vsMv syj-jfef yflv ivskb. (dnn} 1279bQ û}) ƒhsb …mfv „slv ubA k]fv
nhsysq shwD nc¦lv sthfnde idvLfb jvskb. (hf} 3/281) zfè cïfr dhb
…mfv …Hq „sl k]fv nh yfƒsk shwD nc¦lv sifwfjde idvLfb jvskb. (hf},
Ihf} 2/510) ƒmfm mfstj hstb, `zfdm zfrst ƒtXmslv jfsY ðsbdY, k]fvf
iaskAj „sl nfunÏf W ncodá hAhrfvsj mc²Àfrfh msb jvskb.' nckvfQ
icv¢sNv ubA …dyk rt, „slv bfmfspv ubA shv
vmpfb öfokm 74
rWqfv zfso kfv nh yfƒsk nc¦lv sifwfjde idvLfb jvsh. zhwA mdrtfvf
Ov sKsj shv rWqfv nmq (dHkv hfdrsvv) nhGiajfv snZ¦lpG ialwGb sKsj
lCsv Kfjsh. spsrkc shofbf icv¢sNv n©mcsJ mdrtfv snZ¦lpG iajfw jvf
rfvfm. zbcv™i rfvfm - Ov sKsj shv rWqfv zfso sjfb iajfv sn¦eX,
ifvdI…m, zfkv hf ncoámq dÛÁm-if…Ffv zKhf zbA sjfb ianfLb hAhrfv.
spmb, hfƒsv shv rsq kfv ytsb, htsb, Hfsh, HdÌmfq spb-skb iajfsv
sjfb icv¢Nsj dbsuv dlsj zfjxó jvfW ShL bq. spsrkc sn skf sn nmq
sjht mrfb zfïfrv ƒhflk W zfbcokA jvfv …sÜswAƒ shv rq. kfrst sp
mcdmb mdrtf k]fv zfbcoskA n§Âdó tfsHv …sÜswA shv rq, sn zfhfv k]fvƒ
bfIvmfdb jsv efƒedIeX hf yc²ÀX zKhf lxdó-zfjNGj vdMb sifwfj idvLfb
jsv dj jsv zKhf ncodá hAhrfv jsv shv rq djHfsh? (lcvf}
99-100ix})
v dwð W mdrtfslv „lofsr pfWqf } dwð W mdrtfv ubAW „lofsr pfWqf
dhsLq. yfsr mdrtf jcmfvD srfj zKhf zjcmfvD, pchkD srfj zKhf hxÝf,
idhÛf srfj zKhf ‡kcmkD. …s©m zfdk¶qAfr hstb, `zfmfslvsj zfïfrv vnCt
zfslw dlsqsYb sp, zfmvf spb mdrtfslvsj …Hq „sl (Ov sKsj „lofsr) shv
jdv. ksh ‡kcmkD mdrtf bfmfspv ²¿fb sKsj lCsv Kfjsh. kfvf zbAfbA mÌt
W mcndtmslv lczfv ubA …id²¿k rsh. kfvf icv¢Nslv diYsb
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vmpfb öfokm 75
zh²¿fb jvsh. icv¢Nslv nfsK kfvfW (db}wsè) kjhDv ifE jvsh.' dkdb
hstb, zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfslv jfsvf jfsvf yflv bf
Kfjst?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªkfv sjfb shfb kfsj dbu (zdkdvÙÁ zKhf
idvdrk hV) yflv ivsk slsh.« (hc} 324, 974, mc} 890bQ) ƒhsb zfêfn
hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt dbu jbAf W ² ÃDslvsj …Hq „sl „lofsr shv rsk
zfslw jvskb.' (zf} 1/231, ƒzfwf} iamcJ, dnn} 2115, nuf} 4888bQ)
dhdlk sp, „lofsr shv rst mdrtfslv ubA ilGf oarB jvf Wqfsuh. shilGf
rsq, sn¦e hf zfkv hAhrfv jsv, icv¢Nslv lxdó-zfjNGD nfu-nÏf jsv shv
rWqf ShL bq. ShL bq icv¢Nslv ifwfifdw ytf, kfslv dH]sV iashw jvf.
htf hfùtA, ivhkGD pcso mdrtf äfvf bfbf Ifnfl W zOeb Oefv Ist p]fvf
kfslvsj „lofsr spsk hfLf slb hf zShL msb jsvb, k]fslv mk ndEj bq.
zhwA pdl k]fvf sjht shilGf mdrtf ˆhQ ilGfq dTt mfsv ˆmb mdrtfslv
s[sÛ ‰ hfLf iasqfo jsvb, kfrst kf ndEj hst njst smsb sbsh.
(zfzfnf„} 26ix}, mfhf} 136/25) i[f§Àsv ilGfbwDb mdrtf nr njt mdrtfv
ubA ‰ hfLf hAfij jvf ðÝ bq. jfvB, mrfbhD kfslvsj shv rsk zfslw
jsvsYb. ˆmb dj wfqJct ƒntfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (v}) hstsYb, `mdrtfslv
ubA
vmpfb öfokm 76
„lofsr shv rWqf WqfsuhW htf spsk ifsv.' (ƒdI} 82ix}, mfhf}
136/25) zkˆh ±ió sp, „slv bfmfp zflfsqv ubA mdrtfslv mndusl zKhf
sjfb Osv umfsqk rsq ixKjHfsh ufmfzfk jvf ˆhQ mcndtmslv nfLfvB
ufmfzfskv nfsK kfslv shv bf rWqf mrfbhD -ˆv zfslswv idvi§¿D jfu.
…dyk rt, mdrtfslvsj ilGf jvf ˆhQ „lofsrW ilGfv hAh²¿f jvf.
v „slv bfmfspv ubA shv rWqfv iCshG djYc JfWqf } „lofsrv ubA shv
rWqfv iCshG 3 zKhf 5 shsufV nQJAj sJucv JfWqf mc²Àfrfh. zfbfn hstb,
`zfïfrv vnCt „lct dIksvv dlb djYc sJucv bf sJsq shv rskb bf.' ˆj
hBGbfq zfsY sp, `dkdb kf shsufV nQJAj sJskb.' (hc} 953, ƒmf} 1754,
ƒJc} 1429bQ) ˆƒ JfWqfv diYsb drjmk rt, pfsk sj… msb bf jsv sp, „slv
bfmfp ipG§À svfpf vfJsk rq. zfv ˆsk vsqsY svfpf sHsÌ nk¶v mrfb
zfïfrv ùjcm iftb. (Ihf} 2/518) sjfb sjfb …tfmf msb jsvb sp, pdl sj…
Iuv …lq rWqfv isv ˆhQ Iusvv bfmfp iVfv zfsoW sJsq sbq, kfrst …sÜwA
nIt rsq pfsh. jfvB, sn zh²¿fq sn dlsbv shtfq sJsqsY hstƒ dhshdyk
rsh. zhwA …Ùm rt, „lofsr shv rWqfv zhAhdrk iCshGƒ kf JfWqf. (mcm}
5/161)
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vmpfb öfokm 77
iajfw Kfsj sp, sJucv bf ifWqf sost sp sjfb Jfhfv sJstƒ psKó
rsh.
v ifsq sr]se pfWqf } ifsq sr]se „lofsr pfWqf mc²Àfrfh. ƒhsb …mfv
W zb