Preface
First of all, we want to say thanks to the Allah SWT, who has
given us healthy until finish a paper under the title English young
learners and development of teaching materials. And the second, we
want to say very thanks to all people already helping we make a
paper. That is Mom Fitra Elia S.Pd M.hum thats already give our
instruction about the material.
We can hope this paper have a function for us to add this
knowledge about vowel in
pronunciation subject.
The last we think this paper has many shortage and we really
accept critism and suggestion from Mom Fitra Elia S.Pd M.hum and
all of my friends.
Pekanbaru, August 30, 2014
Table of Content
Preface. ....1
Table of content2
CHAPTER 1 :
Introduction
A. Background.........3
B. Problem Formulation.......3
C. Destination..4
CHAPTER II :
Discussion
A. Definition of Teaching Materials...5
B. Teaching Materials for English Young Learners (EYL)....
6-7
C. Characteristic of EYL Teaching Materials8-11
D. Development of Teaching Material..12-15
CHAPTER III
Closing
Conclusion...16
REFERENCES...17
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Appropriate teaching materials and the most important part in
educating the children to learning the English language . Therefore
it is necessary the development of teaching materials that can be
done in several ways , such as the adoption , adaptation , and
write your own . Because the teachers are required to have the
skills to be able to choose or select instructional materials for
students , especially for young learners themselves .
Speak about teaching materials , many things to consider , such
as whether the material in accordance with the learning objectives
, the needs of children , meaning the material , and there are
information in materials.Many of the teachers are less able to
develop an own materials or instructional materials. Because the
teachers it has a role as a teaching material developer because
their job is to adjust the material based on the needs of their
students . Therefore this paper we will describe English teaching
materials for Young Learners ( EYL ) as well as its
development.
B. Problem Formulation
1. What kinds of teaching materials for English young
learners?
2. How to provide learning materials that are relevant to
English for young learners?
3. What steps the development of teaching materials?
C. Destination
In the manufacture of this paper aims to find out a kinds of
teaching materials for English young learners and also know how to
provide relevant teaching materials . Then to know the material
development steps.
CHAPTER 2
DISCUSSION
A. Definition of Teaching Materials
Teaching materials are all kinds of materials used to help
teachers or instructors in implementing the learning process .
Material intended material can be written or unwritten .
And Some experts also explained the meaning of the teaching
material is what is used by teachers to give to students in order
to achieve particular competencies or capabilities . To learn the
necessary measure in the acquisition of content knowledge that is
usually in the form of written records in text books , reference ,
or other materials that are relevant to the needs of students , (
pity , 2007: 76 ) .
Pannen And Purwanto (1997 : 14 ) define instructional materials
are those materials or learning material arranged systematically
used by teachers and students in the learning process . Further,
the Director General of Basic Education (2003 : 13 ) explains that
teaching materials in general consist of knowledge , skills , and
attitudes students need to learn in order to achieve competency
standards have been determined . In detail , the types of learning
material consists of knowledge ( facts , concepts , principles ,
procedures ) .
B. Teaching Materials for English Young Learners (EYL)
After knowing what the definition of teaching material , then
the next teaching materials English For Young Learners ( EYL ) .
EYL teaching material is intended for children to learn English .
Where the EYL teaching materials is packaged in a creative ,
educational , and fun . So the teaching material can be obtained
from various sources , for example : text books , teacher books ,
tapes / CDs , picture cards , posters , and etc. Teachers must be
selected to choose the materials. Because the most important part
of the teaching materials is the contents.
Kinds of EYL teaching materials that will be developed depending
on the purpose of the activity and what kind of language skills
being taught . These four language skills ( listening , speaking,
reading , and writing ) and the three components of language (
structure , vocabulary , and pronunciation ) specify the form or
kind of teaching materials that suit their needs .
In summary examples of materials to EYL as shown below :
Skills
Listening
Speaking
Materials
pronunciation drills, songs, pattern practices, news, dialogues,
report, text, stories, etc
dialogs (about the children activities)
reports(reports of events , activities with his/her
children)
news (news of natural disaster , a great memorial day)
songs (singing that tune)
Form
-recorded
-tape script (written)
recorded dan written
Reading
Writing
texts atau passages ( discourse with interesting content)
articles ( article about the tourist attractions).
stories ( fable , folklore).
poems ( natural conditions , daily activities).
Letters ( letter of invitation)
Poems ( expression of excitement , natural beauty)
Stories ( fairy tale , legend , fable).
Poster ( about the child , the environment)
Written
Written
C. Characteristic of EYL Teaching Materials
EYL teaching materials has its own characteristics due to
limitation associated with child language development , language
function , and the state of society . Characteristics include:
Grammar simple
Type and completeness vocabulary needs to be given because
almost no exposure to English language outside the classroom .
Limited vocabulary of about 500 words
Materials need to be accompanied by a picture
Students heard almost no English language around them , it is
necessary to practice memorization is repeated
Students did not get to practice the teaching materials should
be easily understood and varied .
Vocabulary is used daily and simple language for communication
.
Easy to be obtained there may be students who do not have a
textbook .
Above limitations not all be experienced by elementary school
students . Because the children are fortunate to have the support
of their parents in learning the English language , of course its
not be difficult to teach . And also the acquisition of English
language learning students will be better and faster .
Thus the teacher can create a material with a format that can be
used by students to learn English language . English lessons so
that it becomes easy and fun .
For example :
1. Teacher asked about vegetables and fruit to students .
2. Asking such as :
Do you know what is it?
What is your favorite fruit?
Could you please tell me what fruit you know?
3. After that show images of vegetables and fruit , and
explain.
Example image :
CARROT
APPLE
SPINACH
PINEAPPLE
CORN
After showing and describing the pictures then the next play is
"Guess who am I ??" accordance with the material already in
previous we are learned , namely about fruits and vegetables .
Students listen the clue , after that they are guess and
answer.
Of course, the selection of vocabulary that is easy to be
understood by students . And probably also will increase the
child's vocabulary , because it is not all children know and
understand the meaning of the English language .
D. Development of Teaching Material
Development of teaching materials is the process of selecting ,
adapting , and manufacturing of teaching materials based on the
specific terms of reference ( Nunan , 1991) .
Richard, 2001: Writing teaching materials is similar to the
processes involved in planning and teaching a lesson.
Gebhard, 2000: Materials are created by four groups of people
publishing companies, government agencies, curriculum development
teams, and classroom teachers.
Tomlinson dan Hitomi, 2004: the processes involved in evaluating
adapting, writing, and using teaching materials.
Fourth definition of several experts strongly indicate that the
development of teaching materials through the process and involves
a lot of activities , like: planning , adapting , writing ,
evaluating . In general, how the development of teaching materials
can be divided into 3 :
1. Adoption of teaching materials
Instructional materials adoption is very easy , because it does
not require a lot of time and energy . Teachers can determine
instructional materials by directly using existing materials . For
example in reference books or books existing sources .Surely, the
teachers also have to evaluate the material because they have to be
fit with the needs and goals . There is also have weakness because
the teacher just follow what is already available in the book .
There may be materials which have not been covered or content
appropriate to the circumstances and lives of students in the area
.
Example :
2. Adaptation Material
Development of teaching materials can be done by adapting the
material that already available then equated with the needs ,
culture , or customs respective with our countries . In the
adaptation of materials teachers can do by adding, subtracting,
replacing , or removing some of the material that is deemed
irrelevant.
Develop instructional materials by adapting , so the teachers
can adapt the material to the needs of the students so, they can
absorb the contents of the subjects followed . Because all of the
material thus be relevant to the needs and learning objectives
.
Example :
Text above is an example about description of a singer . A
singer was adjusted to famous singer in Indonesia . So the children
can be easier to know and also understand.
3. Writing Teaching Materials
In addition to adopting and adapting teaching materials ,
teachers can also be the author of instructional materials . Good
teaching materials , designed and written in accordance with the
principles of learning , and meaningful to the learner , as well as
it is in the real world . Written teaching materials for students ,
and therefore need a clear purpose . In addition, the flexible
choice of words and easy to understand . Good textbook also
contains , exercises , summary , contents , and how to learn the
material .
Development of teaching materials can be divided into two , such
as the writing of teaching materials for learning teaching
classical materials and learning teaching self-study materials or
module . Before to writing materials , usually the teacher collect
, select, and have a collection of books , references , and others.
Then the mapping theme or subject matter appropriate level of
language development of students .
In fact , the development of teaching materials by way of
writing teaching writing has advantages and disadvantage . Those
advantages are :
Teaching materials according to the needs of the class
Development of materials is the development of professional
teachers .
It is flexible
There is a separate academic satisfaction for teachers who
successfully developed the material for students .
The disadvantage is:
It takes a long
require a cost quite a lot
There needs to be development training that development process
through the correct procedure.
Finally , which also need to be considered on EYL teaching
materials , namely :
Materials should be contextual , in accordance with the real
life .
Content can develop science communication
Materials introduced a wide range of discourse
Exercise and activity can develop students' language competence
and involve students actively .
The use of materials creates a fun learning activities
Fill material can be linked to students' lives and the real
world .
CHAPTER 3
CLOSING
Conclusion
Development of teaching materials English young learners are
very diverse . Where teachers are required to make the material
could be a fun teaching materials and of course to increase
knowledge of students . In the development of teaching materials
teachers can develop a way to reduce , add , modify , or even write
your own . Teachers can take advantage of any material held to be
packed into teaching materials that suit the needs of the
class.
Surely English young learners teaching materials that educate
and also can achieve the learning objectives .
REFERENCES
Suyanto,K.E kasihani.2009.English For Young
Learners.Jakarta:Bumi Aksara
http://akhmadsudrajat.wordpress.com/2008/03/04/konsep-pengembangan-bahan-ajar-2/
http://www.kajianteori.com/2014/02/pengertian-bahan-ajar-menurut-ahli.html
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