Extra Credit 1 pg, 1 pt “The Science of Babies” Summarize in your own words the development of the…

Extra Credit1 pg, 1 pt

“The Science of Babies”Summarize in your own words the

development of the human brain during its first year after birth.

Extra Credit1 pg, 1 pt

“The Business of Being Born”Summarize in your own words the

difference between midwives and doctors as depicted in the documentary.

1 page, 1 point

Jainism: What is it, and how is it unique compared to the other major world religions (i.e., Judaism, Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Confucianism, Buddhism)?

Extra Credit

Any term I cover in class is fair game for the midterms. Readings from the textbook will also be covered on the exam.

My tests don’t focus on historical peculiarities (e.g., When was so-and-so born? Where is Saratoga?), although all of the historical data explored in movies, audio, and other artifacts will serve as empirical examples of sociological principles; thus, you will see examples from historical artifacts in all the exams.

How Should I Study for the Midterm?

Assignment 2: VariablesDichotomous: has only two values (yes and no).

Nominal: indicates the name of a category in a typology.

Ordinal: indicates categories arranged by hierarchical or sequential order.

Interval: indicates the exact or estimated amount of something or number of units of something.

NOTE: Some of the questions on this assignment could yield two types of answers (like ordinal or interval). However, if you give 2 answers and either is wrong, it will be marked wrong, so just provide the one you think is most likely to be right, and you’ll take less chance in being wrong.

This assignment asks you to COMPARE the two assigned

readings in your textbook, which means you must be clear on how

the two readings are different with respect to the concept of the

core self.

Assignment 3: Microsociology

Constant

Trend

Cycle

Events

Predictability in tides & other

natural phenomena

Lunar cycle lasts29.5 days

Moon orbits the Earthonce every 27.3 days

Earth orbits theSun once every

365.25 days Social construction

of Solar calendars

Anomalistic month lasts 27.55

days

Predictability in agricultural phenomena

Social construction

of Lunar calendars

The Social Construction of Time

Calendars

Humans have 5 digits on each limb

Mathematical systems based on multiples of 10

Social construction of age-based typologies

(generations)

Expectations and roles associated with

chronological age

Mid-life crisesAdolescent scripts Rites of Passage

The Social Constructionof Time, cont.

Are these models mostly based on

constants or variables?

Watch 2 of these films/documentaries, and provide an example of each of the seven elements of bureaucracy in each film (for a total of 14 paragraphs).

Freedomland, Posse, Mississippi Burning, The Black Power Mixtape 1967 – 1975, Ghosts of

Mississippi, Crips and Bloods: Made in America, Rosewood, A Time to Kill

Extra Credit: Films2 pages, 2 points, 2 films

Watch 2 of the following films and use any concepts you’ve learned in the course to discuss the challenges faced by the protagonists, and how they overcame them.Out of the Ashes, Iron Jawed Angels, The Baader Meinhof

Complex, The Edukators, Kill the Irishman, Michael Collins, Valkyrie, Find Me Guilty, Quills, Your Friends

and Neighbors, Windtalkers, American Gangster, Hoodlum, Ip Man, The Score, Donnie Brasco, Steal This

Movie, Capote, The Devil’s Own, Down in the Valley, Traitor

Extra Credit: Films2 pages, 2 points, 2 films

Extra Credit: Documentary1 pg, 1 pt

The Human Family TreeWatch this documentary and summarize in your own words how humans dispersed throughout the world.

Extra Credit: Films2 pgs, 2 pts, 2 films

Watch 2 of the films below, and discuss the causes and consequences of the resocialization of the main character(s).

Grey Owl, The Couple, The Assignment, The People versus Larry Flynt, Reversal of Fortune, Ride with the Devil, The Devil’s Own, The Devil’s Double, Gangs of

New York, Boys Don’t Cry, Mr. Jones, Don Juan de Marco, Imagining Argentina, House of the Spirits, Mugabe and the White African, Of Love and Shadows, Crossing the Line.

• The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959), Asylums (1961), Behavior in Public Places (1963), Interaction Ritual (1967)....

• How is the illusion of reality held together? What is reality breaching?

• Theatrical terms: frontstage, backstage, script, prop, actor, audience.

• Is there a core (trans-situational) self?

• How does ambiguity affect presentation of self?

Erving Goffman (1922 – 1982): Dramaturgy

CoreSelf

daughtermother

sister

neighbor

customer

voterdissenter

activistcitizenemployee

manager

shopper

client

driver

passenger

worshipper/believer

friend

consanguinal

sworn enemyyoungest in

room

oldest in room

parent of delinquent

child

delinquent

law abidermovie

watcher

Role-taking and the Concept of the Core Self

phenotype

role-playing style

emotions

cultural directives

cognitions

motives

Components of Personality

Values: Abstract concepts that invoke culturally defined (learned) emotions and responses.

Beliefs: Empirical and evaluative perceptions of the world.

Norms: Specific doctrines, paradigms, and directives resulting from values and beliefs. These guide our everyday behavior.

Components of Culture

NormsFolkways

Rules about politeness and adherence to local customs, folk norm of consistency.

MorésRules about morality and allegiance/enmity, killing, sexual morality, drugs.TaboosUbiquitously abhorred behavior within a particular culture.LawsCodified norms linking individual behavior to direct consequences, based

on established but challenged folkways, morés, and taboos.

William Graham Sumner(1840 – 1910)

How we are labeled/categorized affects how we are treated, which in turn gives us signals about what others consider our appropriate role to be (see moral density). Most of the time, we accept this role. It’s when we don’t accept it that we become conscious of the fact that it’s happening.

Consequently, the more that an individual is affected by the celebration of a typology, the more that the individual is likely to emit predictable, stereotypical behavior in that culture.

In sum, what we perceive to be real becomes real in its consequences.

Labels and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

1 Preparatory / 2 Play: At about 18 months, humans begin to distinguish between self and others, and consequently learn others’ behaviors. Role-taking is restricted to one person at a time.

2 Play / 3 Game: With a few months of practice, a person (child) can begin role-taking with multiple actors, and acknowledges rules of games involving status, sequence, roles, teams, motives, etc.

Generalized Other: Once a person has acquired a working knowledge of at least one spoken language, he/she is able to role-take with actors on the basis of the socially constructed categories in the host culture.

Mead’s Stages of Social Development

Population

HierarchyFormation

Circumscription

ResourceScarcity

Intensification

EnvironmentalDegradation

Conflict

TechnologicalDevelopment

Emigration

Famine

Plague

Droughts

Chiefdoms

Early Tributary Empires

Early States

Modern Hegemons

Later Tributary Empires

Global State Formation

Time

Size

/Com

plex

ityRise and fall of large, powerful polities

within regional interpolity systems

Long-term scale

changeMedium-term scale

change

Short-term scale change

Primal

Archaic

Classical

Modern

Com

plex

ity

Time

Population

Intensification(rate of production,

distribution, andconsumption)

Hunting & gatheringHorticultural or

other advanced foraging

Agriculture

Irrigation, plow

Mathematics

Architecture

Bureaucracy

Domestication ofPlans and Animals

InstitutionalDifferentiation

TheisticReligions

Prev

alen

ce o

f Glo

bal G

over

nanc

e in

Inte

rnat

iona

l Aff

airs

Tributary Empires

Scope of transportation and communication technology

Core Institutional Differentiation

Early Capitalism

Treaty of Westphalia1648

SecularizationTransnational

CapitalismDecolonization

Concert of Europe1815

Maritime Colonialism

Abolition

United Nations1945 –

League of Nations1919 – 1946

World War I1914 – 1918

World War II1939 – 1945

Proliferation of Transnational

Social Movements and Global Governance Institutions

A historical trajectory of the developing institutional structure of global governance, not scaled

CIA1947 –

American & French Revolutions

1776 & 1789Continent-wide

Colonialism

Conquest by Aryan (Central Asian) peoples

Formation of Indic world-system socially

constructed typologies

self-fulfilling prophecies

Aryan-centered roles & norms

The Origin of the Indian Caste System

Gunpowder & Colonialism

Globalization of world-system under European hegemons

socially constructed typologies

self-fulfilling prophecies

Eurocentric roles & norms

The Origin of the Western Race Hierarchy

Last group to achieve military supremacy

Previous group with superior military technology

Group specializing in trade and literacy

Group specializing in tedious but light labor

Group segregated to unspecialized, heavy labor

Out-group; everyone else

Ideal Type Caste System

Underclass(unemployed, homeless, welfare recipients)

Working Class(construction, agriculture, mining, domestic labor, food workers)

Lower Middle Class(clerical, retail, manufacturing, middleman occupations)

Middle Class(nurses, teachers, low-level managers)

Upper Middle Class

(doctors, lawyers, professors)

PowerElite

Social Mobility for Immigrant

Groups

The American HierarchyThe Power EliteThe Immigrant MiddlemanThe Underclass

Milit

ary

Intersectionality

Intersectionality