Pesticide Label Exercise A Supplement for Pesticide Applicators Understanding The Details Extension is a Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and the United States Department of Agriculture. University of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension educational programs abide with the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and the United States Department of Agriculture. EXTENSION ® ®
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Extension is a Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and the United States Department of Agriculture.
University of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension educational programs abide with the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and the United States Department of Agriculture.
Complete the questions using the label for Milestone herbicide included in this exercise. These herbicide label ques-tions are not specific to the Milestone herbicide label and can be applied to any label of your choosing. So, for further prac-tice reading pesticide labels, choose another label and complete the questions. For more information on pesticide safety refer to the other publications in your folder.
1. What is the signal word on this label and what does it indicate?
2. What should you do if the concentrated product comes in contact with your skin or clothing?
3. List the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that must be worn when applying and/or handling this product.
4. Under what weather conditions is unwanted spray drift least likely to occur?
5. What potential hazards to the environment exist when using this pesticide?
6. What are the storage requirements for this product?
7. How do the empty pesticide containers need to be cleaned and disposed?
8. What measures can an applicator make with their equipment to minimize spray drift?
9. List the different methods of application that can be used.
10. What pest(s) does this product aim to control? List at least three pests controlled.
11. Describe the sites where this pesticide can be used. List two sites that are allowed by this label and one site that is not allowed.
12. What problems may arise from feeding cattle hay that has been treated with Milestone?
13. What does the label say about the development of plant populations resistant to this herbicide mode of action?
14. What are 4 things that an applicator still can do to help reduce the chance of resistance developing in a weed popula-tion?
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15. What is another opportunity an applicator has to help reduce the development of resistant populations? Hint: See the Group Box on the top of page 2 of the Milestone label.
16. The label offers many suggestions for avoiding spray drift when using ground equipment. List one suggestion that you currently follow for your present pesticide applications.
CAUTION Agricultural Use RequirementsUsethisproductonlyinaccordancewithitslabelingandwiththeWorkerProtectionStandard,40CFRpart170�Refertolabelbookletunder"AgriculturalUseRequirements"inthe"DirectionsforUse"sectionforinformationaboutthisstandard�
Refer to inside of label booklet for Directions for Use. Notice: Readtheentirelabel�Useonlyaccordingtolabeldirections�Before using this product, read Warranty Disclaimer, Inherent Risks of Use, and Limitation of Remedies at end of label booklet. If terms are unacceptable, return at once unopened. Incaseofemergencyendangeringhealthortheenvironmentinvolvingthisproduct,call1-800-992-5994� AgriculturalChemical:Donotshiporstorewithfood,feeds,drugsorclothing� Container Use Directions
Precautionary Statements
Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals
CAUTION Causes Moderate Eye Irritation Avoid contact with eyes or clothing.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Applicators and other handlers must wear: · Long-sleevedshirtandlongpants· Shoesplussocks Followmanufacturer'sinstructionsforcleaning/maintainingPPE�Ifnosuchinstructionsforwashables,usedetergentandhotwater�KeepandwashPPEseparatelyfromotherlaundry�
User Safety RecommendationsUsersshould:· Washhandsbeforeeating,drinking,chewinggum,usingtobaccoor
First AidIf in eyes:Holdeyeopenandrinseslowlyandgentlywithwaterfor15-20minutes�Removecontactlenses,ifpresent,afterthefirst5minutes,thencontinuerinsing�Callapoisoncontrolcenterordoctorfortreatmentadvice� Havetheproductcontainerorlabelwithyouwhencallingapoisoncontrolcenterordoctororgoingfortreatment�Youmayalsocontact1-800-992-5994foremergencymedicaltreatmentinformation�
Directions for UseItisaviolationofFederallawtousethisproductinamannerinconsistentwithitslabeling�ReadallDirectionsforUsecarefullybeforeapplying� Donotapplythisproductinawaythatwillcontactworkersorotherpersons,eitherdirectlyorthroughdrift�Onlyprotectedhandlersmaybeintheareaduringapplication�ForanyrequirementsspecifictoyourStateorTribe,consulttheagencyresponsibleforpesticideregulation� Not For Sale, Distribution, or Use in New York State.
Agricultural Use Requirements UsethisproductonlyinaccordancewithitslabelingandwiththeWorkerProtectionStandard,40CFRpart170�ThisStandardcontainsrequirementsfortheprotectionofagriculturalworkersonfarms,forests,nurseries,andgreenhouses,andhandlersofagriculturalpesticides�Itcontainsrequirementsfortraining,decontamination,notification,andemergencyassistance�ItalsocontainsspecificinstructionsandexceptionspertainingtothestatementsonthislabelaboutPersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)andrestricted-entryinterval�TherequirementsinthisboxonlyapplytousesofthisproductthatarecoveredbytheWorkerProtectionStandard� Donotenterorallowworkerentryintotreatedareasduringtherestrictedentryinterval(REI)of48hours� PPErequiredforearlyentrytotreatedareasthatispermittedundertheWorkerProtectionStandardandthatinvolvescontactwithanythingthathasbeentreated,suchasplants,soil,orwater,is:· Coveralls· Chemical-resistantglovesmadeofanywaterproofmaterialas
polyethyleneorpolyvinylchloride· Shoesplussocks
Non-Agricultural Use RequirementsTherequirementsinthisboxapplytousesofthisproductthatareNOTwithinthescopeoftheWorkerProtectionStandardforAgriculturalPesticides(40CFRPart170)�TheWPSdoesnotpertaintonon-agriculturaluseonsites,suchas,rangeland,permanentgrasspastures,ornon-cropland�SeetheAgriculturalUseRequirementssectionbelowforinformationwheretheWPSapplies� Entry Restrictions for Non-WPS Uses:Forapplicationsonrangelandandpermanentgrasspastures(notharvestedforhay)andnon-croplandareas,donotenterorallowworkerentryintotreatedareasuntilsprayshavedried�
Storage and DisposalDonotcontaminatewater,food,feedorfertilizerbystorageordisposal�Opendumpingisprohibited�Pesticide Storage:Ifthisproductisexposedtosubfreezingtemperatures,theactiveingredientmaycrystallizeandsettleoutofsolution�Undertheseconditionstheproductshouldbewarmedtoatleast40°Fandagitatedwelltodissolveanycrystallizedactiveingredientpriortouse�Pesticide Disposal:Wastesresultingfromtheuseofthisproductmaybedisposedofonsiteoratanapprovedwastedisposalfacility� Nonrefillable containers 5 gallons or less:Container Handling:Nonrefillablecontainer�Donotreuseorrefillthiscontainer�Offerforrecyclingifavailable,orpunctureanddisposeofinasanitarylandfill,orbyincineration,orbyotherproceduresallowedbystateandlocalauthorities�Triplerinseorpressurerinsecontainer(orequivalent)promptlyafteremptying�Triple rinseasfollows:Emptytheremainingcontentsintoapplicationequipmentoramixtankanddrainfor10secondsaftertheflowbeginstodrip�Fillthecontainer1/4fullwithwaterandrecap�Shakefor10seconds�Pourrinsateintoapplicationequipmentoramixtankorstorerinsateforlateruseordisposal�Drainfor10secondsaftertheflowbeginstodrip�Repeatthisproceduretwomoretimes�Pressure rinseasfollows:Emptytheremainingcontentsintoapplicationequipmentoramixtankandcontinuetodrainfor10secondsaftertheflowbeginstodrip�Holdcontainerupsidedownoverapplicationequipmentormixtankandcontinuetodrainfor10secondsaftertheflowbeginstodrip�Holdcontainerupsidedownoverapplicationequipmentormixtankorcollectrinsateforlateruseor
Consult with a Dow AgroSciences representative if you do not understand the “Use Precautions and Restrictions.” Call (1-800-263-1196) for more information.
Maximum Application Rate: Onalllabeledusesitesdonotbroadcastapplymorethan7fiozperacreofMilestoneperyear�ThetotalamountofMilestoneappliedbroadcast,asare-treatment,and/orspottreatmentcannotexceed7fiozperacreperyear�Spottreatmentsmaybeappliedatanequivalentbroadcastrateofupto0�22lbacidequivalent(14fiozofMilestone)peracreperannualgrowingseason;however,notmorethan50%ofanacremaybetreatedatthatrate�Donotapplymorethanatotalof0�11lbacidequivalent(7fiozperacreofMilestoneperannualgrowingseasonasaresultofbroadcast,spotorrepeatapplications� · Avoiding Injury to Non-Target Plants:Donotaeriallyapply
· Milestone is highly active against many broadleaf plant species.Donotusethisproductonareaswherelossofbroadleafplants,includinglegumes,cannotbetolerated�
· Do not use on grasses grown for hay intended for export.· Do not use on grasses grown for seed production.· Chemigation: Donotapplythisproductthroughanytypeof
irrigationsystem�· Do not contaminate water intended for irrigation or domestic
Field Bioassay Instructions: Infieldspreviouslytreatedwiththisproduct,plantshorttestrowsoftheintendedrotationalcropacrosstheoriginaldirectionofapplicationinamannertosamplevariabilityinfieldconditionssuchassoiltexture,soilorganicmatter,soilpH,rainfallpatternordrainage�Thefieldbioassaycanbeinitiatedatanytimebetweenharvestofthetreatedcropandtheplantingoftheintendedrotationalcrop�Observethetestcropforsymptomsofherbicidalactivity,suchaspoorstand(effectonseedgermination),chlorosis(yellowing),andnecrosis(deadleavesorshoots),orstunting(reducedgrowth)�Ifherbicidalsymptomsdonotoccur,thetestcropcanbegrown�Ifthereisapparentherbicidalactivity,donotplantthefieldtotheintendedrotationalcrop;plantonlytowheat,foragegrasses,nativegrassesorgrassesgrownforhay�
Sprayer Clean-Out InstructionsIt is recommended to use separate spray equipment on highly sensitive crops such as tobacco, soybeans, peanuts and tomatoes. DonotusesprayequipmentusedtoapplyMilestoneforotherapplicationstolandplantedto,ortobeplantedto,broadleafplantsunlessithasbeendeterminedthatallresiduesofthisherbicidehasbeenremovedbythoroughcleaningofequipment� EquipmentusedtoapplyMilestoneshouldbethoroughlycleanedbeforereusingtoapplyanyotherchemicalsasfollows:1� Rinseandflushapplicationequipmentthoroughlyafteruse�
To calculate the amount of Milestone for areas larger than 1000 sq ft:Multiplythetablevalue(flozormilliliters)bytheareatobetreatedin"thousands"ofsquarefeet�Forexample,iftheareatobetreatedis3500sqft,multiplythetablevalueby3�5(3500sqftdividedby1000sqft=3�5)�
Mixing Instructions Mixing with Water:Topreparethespray,addabouthalftherequiredamountofwaterinthespraytank�Then,withagitation,addthespecifiedamountofMilestoneandotherregisteredtankmixherbicides�Finally,withcontinuedagitation,addtherestofthewaterandadditivessuchassurfactantsordriftcontrolanddepositionaids� Addition of Surfactants or Adjuvants on All Labled Use Sites:Theadditionofahighqualitynon-ionicsurfactant(ofatleast80%activeingredient)at0�25to0�5%volumepervolume(1to2quartsper100gallonsofspray)isrecommendedtoenhanceherbicideactivityunderadverseenvironmentalconditions(suchas,hightemperature,lowrelativehumidity,droughtconditions,dustyplantsurfaces)orwhenweedsareheavilypubescentormoremature� Tank Mixing with Other Herbicides:Milestoneatratesofupto7flozperacremaybemixedwithlabeledratesofotherherbicidesregisteredforapplicationonalllabeledusesites�Milestonemaybeappliedintankmixcombinationwithlabeledratesofotherherbicidesprovided:(1)thetankmixproductislabeledforthetimingandmethodofapplicationfortheusesitetobetreatedand(2)mixingisnotprohibitedbythelabeloftheregisteredtankmixedproducts,and(3)thatthetankmixcombinationisphysicallycompatible(seetankmixcompatibilitytestingbelow)�Whentankmixing,useonlyinaccordancewiththerestrictions,precautionsandlimitationsontherespectiveproductlabels� · Readcarefullyandfollowallapplicableusedirections,precautions,
Tank Mix Compatibility Testing:PerformajartestpriortomixinginaspraytanktoensurecompatibilityofMilestoneandotherpesticidesorcarriers�Useaclearglassjarwithlidandmixingredientsinthesameorderandproportionsaswillbeusedinthespraytank�Themixtureiscompatibleifthematerialsmixreadilywhenthejarisinvertedseveraltimes�Themixtureshouldremainstableafterstandingfor1/2houror,ifseparationoccurs,shouldreadilyremixifagitated�Anincompatiblemixtureisindicatedbyseparationintodistinctlayersthatdonotreadilyremixwhenagitatedand/orthepresenceofflakes,precipitates,gels,orheavyoilyfilminthejar�Useofanappropriatecompatibilityaidmayresolvemixincompatibility�Ifthemixtureisincompatibledonotusethattankmixpartnerintankmixtures� Mixing with Sprayable Liquid Fertilizer Solutions: Milestoneisusuallycompatiblewithliquidfertilizersolutions�ItisanticipatedthatMilestonewillnotrequireacompatibilityagentformixingwithfertilizers;however,acompatibilitytest(jartest)shouldbemadepriortomixing�Jartestsareparticularlyimportantwhenanewbatchoffertilizerorpesticideisused,whenwatersourceschange,orwhentankmixtureingredientsor
concentrationsarechanged�Compatibilitymaybedeterminedbymixingthespraycomponentsinthedesiredorderandproportionsinaclearglassjarbeforelargescalemixingofspraycomponentsinthespraytank� Note:Thelowerthetemperatureoftheliquidfertilizer,thegreaterthelikelihoodofmixingproblems�UseofacompatibilityaidmayberequiredifMilestoneismixedwitha2,4-D-containingproductandliquidfertilizer�Mixing Milestone and 2,4-D in N-P or N-P-K liquid fertilizer solutions is more difficult than mixing with straight nitrogen fertilizer and should not be attempted without first conducting a successful compatibility jar test.Agitationinthespraytankmustbevigoroustobecomparablewithjartestagitation�Applythespraymixturethesamedayitispreparedwhilemaintainingcontinuousagitation�Rinsethespraytankthoroughlyafteruse� Note:Foliar-appliedliquidfertilizersthemselvescancauseyellowingofthefoliageofforagegrassesandothervegetation�
Use Rates and Timing Milestonemaybeappliedpostemergenceasabroadcastsprayorasaspotapplicationtocontrolweedsincluding,butnotlimitedto,thoselistedonthislabel�Whenaraterangeisgivenusethehigherratetocontrolweedsatadvancedgrowthstages,orunderlessthanfavorablegrowingconditions,orforlongerresidualcontrol�Bestresultsareobtainedwhensprayvolumeissufficienttoprovideuniformcoverageoftreatedweeds�ForoptimumuptakeandtranslocationofMilestone,avoidmowing,haying,shredding,burningorsoildisturbanceintreatedareasforatleast14daysfollowingapplication� Milestonealsoprovidespreemergencecontrolofemergingseedlingsofsusceptibleweeds,andre-growthofcertainperennialweedsfollowingapplication�Preventingestablishmentofweedswilldependuponapplicationrate,seasonofapplication,andenvironmentalconditionsafterapplication� Milestonecanprovidelong-termcontrolofsusceptibleweeds�Thelengthofcontrolisdependentupontheapplicationrate,conditionandgrowthstageoftargetweeds,environmentalconditionsatandfollowingapplication,andthedensityandvigorofcompetingdesirablevegetation�Long-termweedcontrolismosteffectivewheregrassvegetationisallowedtorecoverfromovergrazing,drought,etc�,andcompetewithweeds� Milestonecanbeanimportantcomponentofintegratedvegetationmanagementprogramsdesignedtorenovateorrestoredesiredplantcommunities�TomaximizeandextendthebenefitsofweedcontrolprovidedbyMilestone,itisimportantthatothervegetationmanagementpractices,includingpropergrazingmanagement,biologicalcontrolagents,replanting,fertilization,prescribedfire,etc�,beusedinappropriatesequencesandcombinationstofurtheralleviatetheadverseeffectsofweedsondesirableplantspeciesandtopromotedevelopmentofdesiredplantcommunities�Agriculturalandnaturalresourcesspecialistswithfederalandstategovernmentagenciescanprovideguidanceonbestmanagementpracticesanddevelopmentofintegratedvegetationmanagementprograms� Weeds Controlled ThefollowingweedswillbecontrolledwiththeratesofMilestoneindicatedbelow(table3)�Forbestresults,mostweedsshouldbetreatedwhentheyareactivelygrowingandunderconditionsfavorableforgrowth�Useahigherrateintheraterangewhengrowingconditionsarelessthanfavorableorwhenweedfoliageistallanddense,orwhenresidualcontrolisdesired�Milestonealsoprovidespreemergencecontrolofgerminatingseedsorseedlingsofsusceptibleweedsfollowingapplication�
(1) Sulfur cinquefoil or oxeye daisy: ApplyMilestoneat4to6fiozperacretoplantsintheprebudstageofdevelopment�
(2) Orange or yellow hawkweeds:ApplyMilestoneat4to7fiozperacretoplantsintheboltingstageofdevelopment�
(3) Diffuse and spotted knapweeds:ApplyMilestoneat5to7fiozperacrewhenplantsareactivelygrowingwiththeoptimumtimeofapplicationoccurringfromrosettetotheboltingstagesofdevelopmentorinthefall�Plantswillbecontrolledbymid-summerandfallapplicationseventhoughplantsmaynotshowanychangesinformorstaturetheyearofapplication�
Boom Length: Thedistanceoftheoutermostoperatingnozzlesontheboommustnotexceed75%ofwingspanor85%ofrotordiameter� Application Height:Applicationsshouldnotbemadeataheightgreaterthan10feetabovethetopofthelargestplantsunlessagreaterheightisrequiredforaircraftsafety�Makingapplicationsatthelowestheightthatissafereducesexposureofdropletstoevaporationandwind� Swath Adjustment:Whenapplicationsaremadewithacrosswind,theswathwillbedisplaceddownwind�Therefore,ontheupanddownwindedgesofthefleld,theapplicatormustcompensateforthisdisplacementbyadjustingthepathoftheaircraftupwind�Swathadjustmentdistanceshouldincrease,withincreasingdriftpotential(higherwind,smallerdrops,etc�)� Wind:Driftpotentialislowestbetweenwindspeedsof2to10mph�However,manyfactors,includingdropletsizeandequipmenttypedeterminedriftpotentialatanygivenspeed�Applicationshouldbeavoidedbelow2mphduetovariablewinddirectionandhighinversionpotential�Note:Localterrainsuchasvalleysandravinescaninfiuencewindpatterns�Everyapplicatorshouldbefamiliarwithlocalwindpatternsandhowtheyaffectspraydrift� Temperature and Humidity:Whenmakingapplicationsinlowrelativehumidity,setupequipmenttoproducelargerdropletstocompensateforevaporation�Dropletevaporationismostseverewhenconditionsarebothhotanddry� Temperature Inversions:Applicationsshouldnotoccurduringalocal,lowleveltemperatureinversionbecausedriftpotentialishigh�Temperatureinversionsrestrictverticalairmixing,whichcausessmallsuspendeddropletstoremaininaconcentratedcloud�Thiscloudcanmoveinunpredictabledirectionsduetothelightvariablewindscommonduringinversions�Temperatureinversionsarecharacterizedbyincreasingtemperatureswithaltitudeandarecommononnightswithlimitedcloudcoverandlighttonowind�Theybegintoformasthesunsetsandoftencontinueintothemorning�Theirpresencecanbeindicatedbygroundfog;however,iffogisnotpresent,inversionscanalsobeidentifledbythemovementofthesmokefromagroundsourceoranaircraftsmokegenerator�Smokethatlayersandmoveslaterallyinaconcentratedcloud(underlowwindconditions)indicatesaninversion,whilesmokethatmovesupwardandrapidlydissipatesindicatesgoodverticalairmixing�
Table3:WeedsControlled(Cont�)
Common Name Scientiflc NameRate Range(fi oz/acre) Life Cycle Plant Family
Terms and Conditions of UseIftermsofthefollowingWarrantyDisclaimer,InherentRisksofUseandLimitationofRemediesarenotacceptable,returnunopenedpackageatoncetothesellerforafullrefundofpurchasepricepaid�Totheextentpermittedbylaw,otherwise,usebythebuyeroranyotheruserconstitutesacceptanceofthetermsunderWarrantyDisclaimer,InherentRisksofUseandLimitationofRemedies�
Inherent Risks of UseItisimpossibletoeliminateallrisksassociatedwithuseofthisproduct�Cropinjury,lackofperformance,orotherunintendedconsequencesmayresultbecauseofsuchfactorsasuseoftheproductcontrarytolabelinstructions(includingconditionsnotedonthelabel,suchasunfavorabletemperatures,soilconditions,etc�),abnormalconditions(suchasexcessiverainfall,drought,tornadoes,hurricanes),presenceofothermaterials,themannerofapplication,orotherfactors,allofwhicharebeyondthecontrolofDowAgroSciencesortheseller�Totheextentpermittedbylaw,allsuchrisksshallbeassumedbybuyer�
Limitation of RemediesTotheextentpermittedbylaw,theexclusiveremedyforlossesordamagesresultingfromthisproduct(includingclaimsbasedoncontract,negligence,strictliability,orotherlegaltheories),shallbelimitedto,atDowAgroSciences'election,oneofthefollowing:
Produced for Dow AgroSciences LLC9330 Zionsville RoadIndianapolis, IN 46268 LabelCode:D02-879-003ReplacesLabel:D02-879-002LOESNumber:010-02112 EPAaccepted11/19/09