EXPOSICION HIDRAULICA publicacion presa de gravedad

7/23/2019 EXPOSICION HIDRAULICA publicacion presa de gravedad

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EAK]CTAD DM FIJMIFM\FAM[K]MCA DM FIJMIFM\FA KFUFC^\HKM[H KHI[T\]KTFUH DM ]IA ^\M[ADM KHIK\MTH KFKC^MH A J\AUMDADK]\[H7 BFD\A]CFKA^\M[MITADH ^H\7 KA@HIM[ \HIDAI ^M\KV


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Mi mc ~|m{mitm t|alagh {m bakm }ia dm{k|f~kfi dm ch{~|hkmdf`fmith{ khi{t|}ktfuh{ q}m {hi imkm{a|fh{ ~a|a

khi{t|}f| }ia ~|m{a dm j|aumdad? ca fieh|àkfi q}m {mba thàdh ~a|a m{tm t|alagh m{ a ~a|tf| dm ca

mr~m|fmikfa q}m ac ~a|tfkf~a| mi ca mgmk}kfi dm ca hl|admih`fiada KHI[T\]KKFHI DM \M^\M[A[ MI CA[CAJ]IA[ B]MJ\H - ]ÂKHKBA V KAIAC DM

F\\FJAKFHI KBAUFI DM Â\FA\KA @FKA\FI# MI MC

DMÂ\TA@MITH DM B]AI]KH - B]A@ACFM[ - KBAUFI

DM Â\FA\KA#

FIT\HD]KKFI


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^\HKM[H KHI[T\]KTFUH[ DM ]IA ^\M[A DM J\AUMDAD DM

KHIK\MTH KFKCH^MH

HLGMTFUH[

Da| a khihkm| ch{ ~|hkmdf`fmith{ khi{t|}ktfuh{ ~a|a ca mgmk}kfi dm }ia ~|m{adm j|aumdad# a t|au{ dm }ia mr~m|fmikfa ~m|{hiac)Khihkm| ca{ m{~mkfefkakfhim{ tkifka{# ~}m{ mi c {m dm{k|flmi ch{~|hkmdf`fmith{ kh||mkth{ ~a|a mgmk}ta| }ia ~a|tfda)Um|fefkakfi v khit|hc dm kacfdad dm ch{ fi{}`h{ ~a|tfkf~aitm{? um|fefkakfi dmca{ df`mi{fhim{ dm ca{ m{t|}kt}|a{# ~|}mla{ dm kacfdad)


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F) JMIM\ACFDADM[1)> IH@L\M DM CA HL\A)KHI[T\]KKFHI DM \M^\M[A[ MI CA[ CAJ]IA[ DMB]MJ\H ]ÂKHKBA V KAIAC DM \FMJH @FKA\FIKBAUFI DM Â\FA\KA)

]lfkakfi

Dm~a|ta`mith (\mjfi7 B}i}kh^|hufikfa7 B}aàcm{Df{t|fth7 Kbaui dm â|fa|kaChkacfdad7

Q}m|h~ata# Kbaufi dm ^) @fka|fi

\mjfi Jmhj|efka7 Kh{ta "& [fm||a "r& [mcua "&Actft}d7 ;5>> a 44>> `){)i)`)


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1)>1 ^HLCAKFHI LMIMEFKFA\FA[m `mgh|a| mc {f{tmà dm |fmjh {}àidh ;16)65 ba{ i}mua{|ma{ lagh khidfkfhim{ dm |fmjh ~m|àimitm dm k}ctfuh{7~a~a# àw# bala# kmlada t|fjh# bh|tacfwa{ v e|}tacm{ v =4>aj|fk}cth|m{ ~htmikfacm{# m fidf|mkta`mitm a à{ dm >balftaitm{ dm ca{ ~hlcakfhim{ acmdaa{7 Q}m|h~ata# Kbaufidm â|fa|ka# @fka|fi# [ai @a|tfi mtk)

1)>< THTAC DM CA FIUM\[FHI


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M[T]DFH[ LA[FKH[ Q]M KHITFMIM MC ^\HVMKTH1)>;)>1 JmhchjaCa whia dhidm {m mik}mit|a mc ~|hvmkth# k}vh {ftfh dmcmgm dm ~|m{a{ khi{f{tm mi B}mj|h dm dm~{fth{k}atm|ia|fh{7 ac}ufacm{# dm~{fth{ |m{fd}acm{ ~|hd}kth dmca `mtmh|fwakfi v df{j|mjakfi dm ca |hka)

1)>;)>< MkhchjaCa umjmtakfi ~|fà|fa ba {fdh e}m|tm`mitm dmtm|fh|ada v{}{tft}fda ~h| k}ctfuh{ q}m {m ccmuai a kalh `mdfaitm |fmjhkhi cc}ufa{) ]i fidfkadh| umjmtac `}v {fjifefkatfuh mi m{tawhia dm ufda m{ ca |mtaà# m}kacf~th# MTK)1)>;)>; KcfàthchjaMi whia a {m| f||fjada{ khi mc ~|hvmkth# ih mrf{tm ifij}iam{takfi `mtmh|hcjfka # {m ba thàdh kh`h |mem|mikfach{ dath{ dm ca m{takfi `{ km|kaih mc dm Ccata)


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1)>;)>= Bfd|hchja[m ba }tfcfwadh ca fieh|`akfi ~c}ufh`t|fka dm ca M{takfi dmCcata ~h| {m| ca `{ ~|rf`a }lfkadh a ;#4 ``(ah

> FIJMIFM\FA DM ^\HVMKTH1 Df{mh bfd|}cfkh dm ca{ m{t|}kt}|a{1)>1 \m~|m{a B}mj|h)a& \m~|m{aDmc m{t}dfh Bfd|hcjfkh ca ka~akfdad tfc dm |m~|m{a

{m| dm =4:#=>5 `;# k}vh ifumc dm aj}a ackaiwa|a cakhta 4#1>< `{i`


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k& ^hwa dm df{f~akfi)

Ca dm{ka|ja {m| a }ia ~hwa dm ;)> ` dm chijft}d aikbh1)4>) [}efkfmitm ~a|a df{f~a| ca{ mim|ja{ dm kbh||h

{acfmitm)

d& @mdfdh| â|{bacc)

Fi`mdfata`mitm dm{~}{ dm ca ~hwa khi aj}a{

t|aiq}fca{# mc ec}gh {m| `mdfdh mi }ia m{t|}kt}|a dm`mdfkfi dm ka}dacm{ dm aj}a â|{bacc)

m& Kaiac dm dm|fuakfi)

Mc â|{bacc{ dm{ka|ja|a mc ec}gh a }i kaiac dm khik|mth|mktaij}ca| k}va ~midfmitm {}aum# k}va{ {mkkfhim{ bai{fdh df{madh{ khi Bkaiacm{


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e& Acfufadm|h dm dmà{a{)

[mji bfd|hj|aà dm {acfda dmc m`lac{m B}mj|h# khi}ia ka|ja dm aj}a dm ` dmchijft}d# m{ dm 1)5;= `;({mj)

1)>< \m~|m{a ]~akhkba

a& \m~|m{a

Dmc m{t}dfh Bfd|hcjfkh Ca ka~akfdad tfc dm |m~|m{a{m| dm 15=#> `;# k}vh ifumc dm aj}a ackaiwa|a ca khta4#16: `{i`

l& Thà[m khi{fdm|a dm ca `f{à ka~akfdad ca dm thà B}mj|h#dadh q}m d}|aitm ca ea{m dm h~m|akfi ~hd| }tfcfwa|{mmc aj}a fidf{tfita`mitm dm k}acq}fm|a dm ca{ |m~|m{a{


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k& ^hwa dm df{f~akfi)

Ca dm{ka|ja {m| df|mkta`mitm a {}mch |hkh{h "ka}km&

1)>; Kaiac ~|fikf~ac)

Ca dm|fuakfi ~|fikf~ac ba {fdh df{mada ~a|a mc ka}dacdm dmàida `rfà mi e}ikfi dm ~midfmitm dm|a{aitm v ka|aktm|{tfka{ tkifka{ dm ca t}lm|a# [m ba

khi{fdm|adh q}m ca t}lm|a h~m|m ~h| j|aumdad "kaiackf|k}ca|&)

< Df{mh m{t|}kt}|ac

1 \m~|m{a B}mj|h)[m ba |macfwadh {}{ |m{~mktfuh{ aicf{f{ dm m{talfcfdad# vkack}ch dm ~|m{fhim{ {hl|m mc {}mch ~a|a ca |m~|m{a mi {}#

`rfà act}|a v ifumc dm aj}a ccmih


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Chijft}d kh|hia 0 ::)5> `

Aikbh kh|hia 0 >4)>> `)

Aikbh `rf`h mi ca la{m 0 > `

Act}|a dm ca ~|m{a 0 >2)4> `)

^|he}idfdad aj}a 0 >:) `)

E[U 0 =)1; 9 1)=>

E[D 0 1)=< 9 1)=>

^m{h 0 Oj(`; r 2)4> r 4 0 :;#6 `;

A|ma 0 4 r 1 0 4)>> `< 0 4>#>>> k`#>>> k`

Oj(k`< 3 Oj(k`


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< \m~|m{a ]~akhkba

Ca{ df`mi{fhim{ dm ca |m~|m{a ~a|a mc aicf{f{ dm m{talfcfdad v{h~h|talfcfdad dm ~m{h {hi7

Chijft}d kh|hia 0 2=) `

[m ba |macfwadh {}{ |m{~mktfuh{ aicf{f{ dm m{talfcfdad# v kack}chdm ~|m{fhim{ {hl|m mc {}mch)

E[U 0 1)25 9 1)=>

E[D 0 1)5> 9 1)=> ^m{h `rf`h 0 ;4#242 Oj

A|ma 0 0 k`k`


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;)>> Dm{k|f~kfi dm ca{ hl|a{

;)>1 \m~|m{a B}mj|h

a& K}m|~h dm |m~|m{a

M{ta hl|a {m khi{t|}f| mi ca lhq}fcca dmc dm{aj}a caj}ia B}mj|h# dm

`atm|fac khik|mth kfkc~mh Ek0 1:= Oj / :> - ^J `fi 5# khi ~aitaccaaj}a{ a||fla fikc}fdh dmitmcci dm khik|mth a|`adh Ek0 Oj(k`4)>> `)

Aikbh `rf`h mi ca la{m 0 > `

Act}|a dm ca ~|m{a 0 >2)4> `)

^|he}idfdad aj}a 0 >:) `)

Lh|dh cfl|m 0 >1) `)

Tac}d aj}a{ a||fla U7B 0 17>)=>

Tac}d aj}a{ alagh U7B 0 171)=>

Dmitmcchi B 0 `)


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;)>< \m~|m{a ]~akhba)

a& K}m|~h dm |m~|m{a

M{ta hl|a {m khi{t|}f| mi ca lhq}fcca dmc dm{aj}a caj}iaB}mj|h# dm `atm|fac khik|mth kfkc~mh Ek0 1:= Oj / :> - ^J`fi 5# khi ~aitacca aj}a{ a||fla fikc}fdh dmitmcchi dmkhik|mth a|`adh Ek0 Oj(k`> `

Tac}d aj}a{ a||fla7 Um|tfkac

Aj}a{ alagh 0 U7B# 171)=>)

^|he}idfdad dmitmcchi 0 ;> a => k`) Mi |hka {aia)


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FF) ^\HKM[H KHI[T\]KTFUH>1 HL\A[ DM DM[UFH CAJ]IA B]MJ\H>1)>< KHCHKADH DM KH[TACM[ KHI TFM\\A

DM[K\F^KFI DM CH[ T\ALAGH[

[m t|ata dm mika}wa| ch{ dm{ajm{ dm ca caj}ia# ta~a| k}acq}fm| dm{lh|dm dmca caj}ia e|mitm a mumith{ dm `rf`a{ dm{ka|ja{ v dm{ufa|ca{ a ca t}lm|a dmdm{ufh)

Khitmikfi~|huf{fhiac dm cacaj}ia B}mj|h khikh{tacm{ ccmih{ dmtfm||a


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>< ^\M[A DM KHIK\MTH E*K014> oj(k`- ^)J)B]MJ\H>1 T\ALAGH[ ^\MCF@FIA\M[>1)>1 CF@^FMWA DM TM\\MIH @AI]AC

DM[K\F^KFI DM CH[ T\ALAGH[

Khi{f{tm mi ca taca# dm{l|hkm#

|m`hkfi v mcf`fiakfi dm thda

umjmtakfi v dm{mkbh{ dm ca hl|a mica{ |ma{ dhidm {m fifkfa|i ch{ `huf`fmith{

dm tfm||a a kfmch alfm|th ba{ta `

dmc lh|dm dm ch{ tac}dm{ dm kh|tm)


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>1)>< T\AWH V \M^CAITMHDM[K\F^KFI DM CH[ T\ALAGH[

Mc t|alagh khi{f{tm mi ccmua| ac tm||mih ch{ mgm{ v ifumcm{ m{talcmkfdh{ mi ch{^caih{# }{aidh ~a|a mcch ~}ith{ |mem|mikfacm{ khi ca{ khta{ m{talcmkfda{) Mc|m~caitmh khi{f{tm mi }lfka| v ccmua| ac tm||mih ca{ df`mi{fhim{ mi ~caita v{mkkfhim{ t|ai{um|{acm{ dm ch{ mcm`mith{ q}m {m dmtaccai mi ch{ ~caih{


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Uf{ta dm ca um|fefkakfi dm ch{ t|alagh{dm |m~caitmh dm ca caj}ia B}mj|h

Uf{ta dm ca um|fefkakfi dmc tf~h dm{}mch `mdfaitm }ia kacfkata khica ~|m{mikfa dmc {}~m|uf{h| dm hl|a

M{ti khi{fdm|adh{7 a|mia{# {}mch{ a|kfcch cf`h{h{# tfm||a{ dm k}ctfuh{# `atm|facm{{}mcth{ "a|mih cf`h{h{ v(h a|kfcch{h{& khij|aua{ "~|h~h|kfi =>-& ba{ta 4 dm

df`mt|h)


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Th~hj|aea caj}ia B}mj|h

Th~hj|aea caj}ia ]~akhkba


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>< @HUF@FMITH DM TFM\\A[>1 MRKAUAKFHI DM WAIGA[ MI T)I DM[K\F^KFI DMC T\ALAGH

Khi{f{tm mi ca mrkauakfi dm waiga{ ~a|a ca khi{t|}kkfi dmc ~cfith dm ca|m~|m{a) M{ta ~a|tfda khitm`~ca ch{ t|alagh{ dm mrkauakfi mi whia{ Dhidmmc `atm|fac m{ {}mcth? {m m`~cma mq}f~h ~m{adh)

|ma dm tm||mih kh|tadh# dhidm|m~h{a|a ca ~|m{a dm j|aumdad


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>< MRKAUAKFHI @AI]AC LAGH AJ]AKh||m{~hidm a thdh `huf`fmith dm tfm||a{ eaktflcm{ a {m|mrt|ada{ a `aih) Ca{ mrkauakfhim{ ~a|a kf`mitakfhim{ {m|i

dmc ta`ah mrakth ac df{mh dm ca{ m{t|}kt}|a{


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>; MCF@FIAKFHI DM @ATM\FAC MRKMDMITMCa mcf`fiakfi dm dm{`hitm dmlm| {m| ~m|fdfka mi }i c}ja| dmlhtadm|h admk}adh ~a|a m{tm efi) Mc aka||mh v dm{ka|ja dm`atm|fac mrkmdmitm {m ba| dm tac eh|`a q}m ih m{th|lm h~m|g}dfq}m mc auaikm dm ca hl|a


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>;)>; KHIK\MTH A\@ADH MI ^AITACCA>;)>;)>1 KHIK\MTH KFKCH^MH e*k01:= oj(k` - ~` `;k) KH@^H[FKFI DMC KHIK\MTHMc Khik|mth {m kh`~hid| dm km`mith ^h|tcaid# aj}a#

aj|mjadh efih# aj|mjadh j|}m{h v adftfuh{ a}th|fwadh{) Ca{dh{fefkakfhim{ dmc khik|mth tmid|i ~h| hlgmth a{mj}|a|}i khik|mth ~c{tfkh# t|alagalcm v a~|h~fadh ~a|a ca{khidfkfhim{ m{~mkefka{ dm khchkakfi v }i ~|hd}kth q}m#

ac {m| admk}ada`mitm k}|adh# tmija |m{f{tmikfa#d}|alfcfdad# f`~m|`malfcfdad v acta dmi{fdad# dmak}m|dh khi ch{ |mq}f{fth{ {macadh{ mi ch{ ~caih{)

Mc km`mith q}m ih|`ac`mitm {m m`~cma mi ca{ hl|a{ M[

^h|tcaid tf~h 1


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DM[^]M[ DM CA MR^CH\AKFHI [MMIKHIT\H ]I DM^H[FTH DMAJ\MJADH[ DM AC\MDMDH\ DM =>>>)>> @; "{m memkt} mc aicf{f{j|ai}ch`t|fkh&Kaitm|a dm Aj|mjadh{ j|}m{h v efiha ;>> `t dm ca caj}ia B}mj|h#mr~chtakfi khi mq}f~h ~m{adh

Kaitm|a dm |hka{ ~a|a mc k}m|~hdm ca ~|m{a dm j|aumdad) A =>>`t{ ? dm{~}{ dm ca mr~ch|akfi"~htmikfa >>> )>> `;&Mc ~|hvmkth h|dmiala mc aka||mh dmaj|mjadh{ v km`mith khi ak`fcami }ia df{taikfa dm o`


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Ac ehidh {m admk}h }ia kaikba dmaj|mjadh{# ta`fwadh dmaj|mjadh{ "{m~a|akfi dmaj|mjadh{ j|}m{h v efih v~|m`mwkcadh dm khik|mth )

@frm| dm ;)>> `; khi dh{fefkadh|dfjftac ~h| ~m{h? ~a|a memkt}a| mc~|m`mwkcadh dm khik|mth v~h{tm|fh| uakfadh `a{fuh mi ca ~|m{adm j|aumdad)


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[mkkfi t|ai{um|{ac dmca ~|m{a caj}iaB]MJ\H7K}m|~h dm ~|m{a7KHIK\MTH ek7 14>oj(k`< /:>- ^Jâitacca7 khik|mth|meh|wadh ek71:=oj(k`< m0 >)[mkkfi t|ai{um|{ac dmca ~|m{a caj}ia]ÂKHKBAK}m|~h dm ~|m{a7KHIK\MTH ek7 14>oj(k`< /:>- ^Jâitacca7 khik|mth|meh|wadh ek71:=oj(k`< m0 >)


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>;)>;)>< AKM\H KH\\]JADH ev04> oj(k`< J\ADH 5> Mi ~aitacca DM[K\F^KFI [m {}`fif{t|a# kh|ta|# dhlca| m fi{taca| thda{ ca{ ua|fcca{ dm akm|h dm

|me}m|wh# imkm{a|fa{ ~a|a kh`~cmta| ca{ m{t|}kt}|a{ dm khik|mth a|àdh)Mc ~|hkm{h dm fi{tacakfi {fjifefka ca }lfkakfi m fwa`fmith dm ca àccami mc c}ja| fidfkadh mi ch{ ~caih{ mi ca whia dmc dmitmcci dm ca ~|m{a~a|a c}mjh khieh|à| ca ~aitacca |meh|wada m f`~m|`malcm)

Akm|h N >))


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>4)>4 KHIK\MTH [F@^CM>4)>4)>1 KHIK\MTH KFKCH^MH e*k014> oj(k`< / :> - J) M{ta~a|tfda khi{f{tm mi ca eal|fkakfi v khchkakfi dm khik|mth kfkc~mh khi ca|m{f{tmikfa dm enk 0 14> Oj(k`< à{ }i :>- dm ~fmd|a j|aidm 1> kh`hìf`h v {m| khchkadh a ch ca|jh dm thda ca ^|m{a)

Ca la{m ~a|a ca khi{t|}kkfi dm ca hl|a dm khik|mth# ~|mufa`mitm dmlm m{ta|ifumcada dm ak}m|dh ac df{mh) C}mjh {m uakfa| mc khik|mth khieh|`m a chfidfkadh mi ca{ ih|à{ dmc AKF

T|alagh ~|mcf`fia| aitm{ dmcuakfadh à{fuh dm KHIK\MTHKFKCH^MH e*k014> oj(k`< / :>- ^J


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Um|tfdh dm khik|mth 14> oj(k`


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Khik|mth kfkc~mh mi k}m|~h dm ~|m{a }ifeh|`m`mitm uakfadh v uf{tadhidm |m~h{a|a ca{ >< t}lm|a dm 1> `;


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Acwadh dm ca ~aitacca dm khitakth mi ca caj}iaB}mj|h? kaitfdad dm khik|mth uakfadh a m{tm ifumc> `;


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>=)>4)>1 MIKHE\ADH DM @]\H[KA\AUF[TADM[K\F^KFI DM CH[ T\ALAGH[Ch{ mikhe|adh{ dmlm|i {m| {}efkfmitm`mitm |m{f{tmitm{ v m{talcm{ a ca{

~|m{fhim{ dmlfda a ca khchkakfi v ufl|adh dmc khik|mth# v dmlm|i`aitmim|{m |jfda`mitm mi {} ~h{fkfi kh||mkta)

Ch{ mikhe|adh{ dmlm|i mi{a`lca|{m ag}{tada`mitm ~a|a f`~mdf| q}m ca~a|tm efiac dmc khik|mth m{k}||a a t|au{ dm ca{ g}ita{)

Mikhe|adh `mtcfkh~h{tm|fh| dm ca ~|m{acaj}ia B}mj|h


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[}~m|uf{fi v um|fefkakfidm ch{ t|alagh{ dmcuakfadh mi ca ~|m{aB}mj|h

^m|{hiac ~|hem{fhiac~a|tfkf~aitm{7 fij)A`lfmitacm{# bfd|chjh{# Fij)aj|khca{# Fij) kfufcm{#jmchjh{# mtk)


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>5)>4)>=)>1 T]LM\FA DM AK KCA[M A:)= DM 1


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Mit}ladh dm ca cima dm khid}kkfi dmc kaiac mi }iadf{taikfa dm 1>)= o`# khi t}lm|a{ dm ;=> `` ]E^UK

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