- 1. 1.1 INTRODUCTIONInternational business involves commercial
activities that cross national frontiers. It concerns the
international movement of goods, capital, services, technology,
etc., importing and exporting, cross border transactionsin
intellectual property ( patents ,trade mark , copy right etc ., )
via licensing and franchising ; investment in fiscal and financial
assets in foreign countries.Industrial infrastructure and financial
position are weaker in some countries, making the firm within
uncompetitive in international trade. Therefore the government
gives extensive assistance for exporters. In most of the countries
majority of assistance are directed towards specific industry
sectors.In order to boost exports, the government besides giving
certain facilities and assistance has made an attempt to develop
the institutional infrastructure this would be helpful in promoting
the exports through its expert guidance and assistance. For this
purpose the government has set up several institutions whose main
function is to help an exporter in his work. It would be advisable
for an exporter to acquaint him self with the working of these
institutions and the nature of help (assistance) they can render to
the exporter so that the exporter can contact them for the right
help and guidance at the right time.1
2. The quota system, whose ending was devised nearly a decade
ago by the World Trade Organization's predecessor, has protected
the textile and garment industry in the United States and Europe by
limiting imports from low-cost manufacturing countries like India.
The Indian government had long been a stumbling block to the
expansion of India's textile and garment industry. Until four years
ago, it provided incentives like tax exemptions and special
interest rates to small apparel units, thus discouraging investment
in large machinery and the creation of more capacity. Export
incentives are widely employed strategy of export promotion. The
main aim of these incentives is to increase the profitability of
export business. Public subsidies, tax rebates, and other kinds of
financial and no financial measures designed to promote a greater
level of economic activity in export industries.In this study the
researcher has made an attempt to study the various institution
assistance provider to exporter of garment industry in coimbatore
district.2 3. 1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS Exporter are aware of the
various assistance and are successful in getting the assistance
from various institution, it takes aback to notice that few
exporters are not aware of any of the assistance provided by many
institution. Upgrade education and training institutions, Enhanced
managerial skills are urgently needed in all sectors of the
industry to meet customers' quality and delivery conditions as well
as to boost productivity. Moreover, the development of the domestic
market requires effective marketing skills. Educational
institutions must provide basic training in these skill areas. In
training and educational institutions are promoting curriculum
expansion, their financial resources is severely limited. Moreover,
budget allocation must allow development and upgrading of courses
production management, product development and marketing. The
establishment and operation of new training institutes must be
pursured according to needs and potentiality Training programs and
seminars have their limits because the problems each firm faces are
diverse and concrete. In order to address these problems,
individual consultations as well as technical support in the
testing and analyses of input materials and machineries will prove
effective. In this regards the garment industry facing many
problems, which may be solved by education institutions. So the
present study concentrated for answer the following questions. What
are the assistance provided by the education institutions? How the
exporter exporter of garments utilizes such assistance? 3 4. 1.3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe objectives of the study are as follows:
To study the importance of institutional assistance to the exporter
of garment industry To study the exporters perception on the
institutional assistance provided to them. To suggest measure the
exporters availing the assistance for problems in export4solving
their 5. 1.4SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study helps to know the
institutions which provide educationalassistance to the garment
industries. It helps to the objectives, mission, vision, facilities
and other services provided by institutions to the garment
industries. This is also helpful for the industries to know about
various organizations which assist them. It also acts as guide for
leading their business5 6. 1.5METHODOLOGY OF STUDY Research
methodology is a way to systematically solve the research
problem.It may be understood as a science of studying how research
is done scientifically. Researcher not only needs to know how to
develop certain indices or tests, but they also need to know which
of the methods or techniques, are relevant and which are not suit
to research.1.5.1 GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OF RESEARCH The research study
was conducted in Coimbatore district.1.5.2 RESEARCH DESIGNThis
research is descriptive in nature. The researcher here made an
attempt to describe the role of educational institutional
assistance provided to exporter and its impact of Export
performance.1.5.3 NATURE AND SOURCE OF DATAThe nature of data
collected for this study was mainly primary data. Primary data were
collected from the respondents through a structured questionnaires
scheduled form. The respondents were personally interviewed and
through mail by the researcher.6 7. 1.5.4STATISTICAL TOOLS
Percentage analysis and Chi Square are the statistical tools
applied to analyze the data.1.5.5PERIOD OF STUDY The period of
study is for 6 month.1.5.6SAMPLING DESIGN The sampling design
adopted in the project was random sampling. This method was
convenient and suitable for the study. A sample of 100
organizations were taken into account for finding the education
institution assistance provided to exporters in the garment
industry7 8. 1.6LIMITATION OF STUDYFollowing are the some of the
limitations which main constraints, while conducting the study.The
study is restricted to Coimbatore district.Due to lack of time the
sample size was restricted to 100 respondents.The study covered few
industries exporting the garments.8 9. 1.7 CHAPTER SCHEME The
present study consists of four chapters they are as followsFirst
chapter deals with the institutions design and execution of the
study.Second chapter handles with retrospective of the various
institutions which are assisting exporters in India.Third chapter
handles with the data analysis and interpretationsLast chapter
consists of summary of findings, suggestions and conclusion.9 10.
2.1 INTRODUCTIONInstitutions are structures and mechanisms of
social order and cooperation governing the behavior of a set of
individuals. Institutions are identified with a social purpose and
permanence, transcending individual human lives and intentions, and
with the making and enforcing of rules governing cooperative human
behavior. The term, institution, is commonly applied to customs and
behavior patterns important to a society, as well as to particular
formal organizations of government and public service. As
structures and mechanisms of social order among humans,
institutions are one of the principal objects of study in the
social sciences, including sociology, political science and
economics. Institutions are a central concern for law, the formal
regime for political rule-making and enforcement. The creation and
evolution of institutions is a primary topic for historyAlthough
unindividual, formal organizations, commonly identified as
"institutions," may be deliberately and intentionally created by
people, the development and functioning of institutions in society
in general may be regarded as an instance of emergence; that is,
institutions arise, develop and function in a pattern of social
self-organization, which goes beyond the conscious intentions of
the individual humans involved.The relationship of institutions to
human nature is a foundational question for the social sciences.
Institutions can be seen as "naturally" arising from, and
conforming to, human nature -- a fundamentally conservative view --
or institutions can be seen as artificial,10 11. almost accidental,
and in need of architectural redesign, informed by expert social
analysis, to better serve human needs -- a fundamentally
progressive view. Adam Smith anchored his economics in the supposed
human "propensity to truck, barter and exchange". Modern feminists
have criticized traditional marriage and other institutions as
elements of an oppressive and obsolete patriarchyFunction of
institution Institution is giving training and research for the
exporters. Processing and Analysis of data Collecting data for the
foreign countries to help the exporters. Functioning as information
system for the state level agencies Checking, verification and
coding of dataLIST OF INSTITUTIONS Institutions availing in India
are: Chamber of Commerce The Indian Institute of Foreign Trade
Indian Trade Promotion Organization Export Credit Guarantee
Corporation of India Indian Institute of Export Management
Federation of Indian Export Organizations Commercial Banks11 12.
Trade Fair Authority of India12 13. 2.2 INSTITUTIONS Following are
the different institutions support the exporters.2.2.1 CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE Chamber of Commerce is a local association of business
people organized to promote the welfare of their community,
especially its commercial interest. Each Chamber of Commerce
usually has an elected Board of Directors and its work is
donethrough community. Among these activities frequently carried on
by thesecommunizes are industrial surveys and efforts to attract
new industries to the city, the provision of information and advice
to government on topics ranging from lab our disputes to taxes, and
the promotion of tourism in cities.The Chamber of Commerce of
Marseilles (1599) was the first organization to use the name; the
idea spread through France in the 17 th century .the first to be
formed in great Britain was on the island of Jersey (1768). In
America the first was the Chamber of Commerce of the state of
network , organized in 1768 .By 1870 there was 40 throughout the
United States.The local chamber are federated in the United States
Chamber of Commerce (founded 1912), which maintains at its
Washington, D.C, headquarters a technical staff and lobbies in the
interests of its member organizations. Its membership includes 3
million companies, and 3000 state and local chapters, and 830
foreign countries,13 14. andthoseof other countries have offices in
the United States. The InternationalChamber of Commerce (founded
1920) promotes open international Trade and investment. Its
headquarters in Paris. Chamber of Commerce is business advocacy
groups which are usually not associated with government. They are
separate from Better Business Bureau insofar as there is no
national organization that binds them under a formal operations
doctrine . Chamber of Commerce can also include economic
development groups, as well as tourism and visitors bureaus.There
are basically two models world wide, compulsory or Continental,
those which companies of a certain area are obliged to belong to.
Under the compulsory or public law companies in certain area
obliged to become members of the chamber.this model is common in
most countries of EU (France, Germany, Italy, and Spain). Their
main tasks are Foreign Trade Promotion, Training and General
Services to companies, they also have a conclusive function. In
continental model, this means that Administration must consult
chambers whenever a new law related industry or commerce is
proposed Non-compulsory models exist in Anglo-Saxon countries like
USA, Canada or the UK.Chambers of commerce serve the following
purposes: Promotion of trade in their own towns or cities.
Obtaining and supporting municipal regulations in interest of
business their regions.14 15. Settlement of disputes between
members by means of arbitration . Collection of information and
statistics which may be of use to their members. Recording of a
blacklist for members' reference Prevention of unnecessary
competition by establishing uniform hours, wages and prices.
Advocating for business friendly policies at the state, local,
federal, and international levelsThe Chamber of Commerce
established to fulfill the followings: Participate in the promotion
of the activities of InternationalChamber ofCommerce. Facilitate
commercial interaction among member countries. Evolve business view
on all international matters relating to finance, industry,
commerce and environment, among others. Encourage progress, promote
peace and cordial relations among countries and their citizens by
the cooperation of businessmen and organizations, Nominate members
on the bodies of ICC to represent Indian Business interests. Do all
such things as may be incidental or conducive to the proper
representation of the commercial, industrial, financial, shipping
and trading interests of India in the organization and work at the
international Chamber.15 16. 2.2.2 THE INDIAN INSTITUTION OF
FOREGIN TRADEIt was set up in 1963 by the government of India as an
autonomous organization to help professionalized the countrys
foreign trade management and increase exports by developing human
resources: generating ,analyzing and disseminating data: and
conducting research. The Institute visualizes its future role as:A
catalyst for new ideas, concepts and skills for the
internationalization of the Indian economyThe primary provider of
training and research based consultancy in the area of
international business, both for the corporate sector, government
and the students community. An institution with proven capability
to continuously upgrade its knowledge base with a view to servicing
the requirement of the government, trade and industry through both
sponsored and non-sponsored research and consultancy assignments.16
17. MISSION: To globally strengthen, sustain and professionalize
business knowledge through creative research and teaching and
learning and by integrating with organization, institution and
universities both with in and beyond national boundary.VISION: An
internationally acknowledged and networked institution in
delivering globally competitive business education and research for
individuals, corporate, government and society. The Indian
institute of foreign trade, registered under the societies
registration act, is engaged in the following activities: Training
of personnel in modern techniques of international trade;
Organization of research in problems of foreign trade; Organization
of marketing research, area surveys, commodity surveys market
surveys and Dissemination of information arising from its
activities relating to research and market studies.During the last
two decades, the world has witnessed dramatic changes in the
business environment. Emerging from a historically economic role,
the business organization has evolved in response to the social and
political mandates of national public policy, explosive technology
growth, and continuing innovations in global communication.17 18.
The complexities of todays fast-changing world and the
unpredictability of consumer demands have significantly increased
the risk associated with business decision, especially in the
international area. These changes have created new knowledge needs
for the manager to consider when evaluating any decision.IIFT has
been a pacesetter in addressing the needs of business executives by
continuously aligning the focus of its Management Development
Programmers with the Changing realities The training programmers of
the Institute are continuously improved through a system of regular
feedback from the participants. The constant dialogue with eminent
academicians, leading management experts and senior representatives
of Government and industry has enabled the Institute to keep the
academic contents of its Programmers relevant with the changing
market dynamics.The Institute's National and International
Linkages:The Institute is a member of: International Association of
Trade Training Organizations (IATIO), UKAcademy of International
Business (AIB), USAAssociation of Training Institutions for Foreign
Trade in Asia and the Pacific (ATIFTAP), Manila, Philippines.18 19.
The Institute has also entered into a MOU with Korean Institute for
Industrial Economics and Trade for collaborative research. ESCAP
has recognized the Institute as a Centre of Maritime Education and
Training. The Centre offers a specialized part-time programme for
the benefit of shippers and others involved in this area.The
Institute has so far offered its training services to about 700
professionals from 30 developing countries. As a part of Technical
Cooperation among Developing Countries, the Institute has conducted
training programmers in Mongolia and Vietnam. It has also organized
inter-regional Seminars/ Workshops in association with
International Trade Centre, UNCTAD/WTO.Within the country, IIFT has
institutional linkages with major trade and industry associations,
such as Confederation of Indian Industries (CII), Federation of
Indian Export Organizations (FIEO) etc. Joint Seminars on important
national issues are the primary outcomes of these linkages. The
Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) aims to serve as catalyst
for new ideas, concepts and skills for the internationalizations of
the Indian economy. It works with a range of regional, national and
international partners to undertake research sstudies. The
Institute also offers academic programmes aimed at international
business executives and mid-career professionals alike.19 20. The
IIFT's research is focused on the following areas: WTO issuesEU
studiesFree and Preferential trading
arrangementsAgriculturemarketsSouth Asia and Southeast Asia20 21.
2.2.3 INDIAN TRADE PROMOTION ORGANISATIONIndian trade promotion
organization (ITPO) is the nodal agency of the government of India
for promoting the countrys external trade.ITPO, during its
existence of nearly three decades, in the form of Trade Fair
Authority of I NDIA and Trade Development Autority,has played a
proactive role in catalyzing trade, investment and technology
transfer processes. Its promotional tools include organizing of
fairs and exhibitions in India and abroad, Buyer-Seller Meets,
Contact Promotion Programmers Product Promotion Programmes,
Promotion through Overseas Department Stores, Market Surveys and
Information Dissemination.ITPO, the premier trade promotion agency
of the Ministry of Commerce& Industry, Govt. of India is
committed to showcase excellence achieved by the country in diverse
fields especially trade and commerce.ITPO provides a wide spectrum
of services to trade and industry and acts as a catalyst for growth
of Indias trade .ITPO approves holding of international trade fairs
in India and regulates holding of various expositions in India
primarily to avoid any duplication of efforts while ensuring proper
timing .It manages Indias world class exhibition complex which is
constantly upgraded to keep it in a high standard of readiness.
Spread over 149 acres of prime land in the heart of Indias capital,
New Delhi,21 22. Pragati Maidan offers about 61,290 sq. meters. Of
open display area. The state-of the art exhibition halls have
enhanced the appeal of Pragati Maidan as the ideal center for an
increasing number of fair organizers and business visitors from
different parts of the world.ITPO has an extensive infrastructure
as well as marketing and information facilities that are availed by
both exporters and importers .ITPO overseas offices assist buyers
seeking information relating to sourcing products from India. IT
POs overseas offices at New York, Frankfurt, Tokyo, Moscow and Sao
Paulo are pursuing opportunities for enhancement of Indias trade
and investment.Similarly, IT Pos regional offices at Bangalore,
Chennai, Kolkata and Mumbai, through their respective profile of
activities, ensure a concerted and well coordinated trade promotion
drive throughout the country.With the commissioning of the state-of
the-art Chennai Trade Centre in January 2001 and the Trade Centre,
Bangalore in September 2004, ITPO has successfully completed the
first phase of the setting up of modern exhibition facilities
outside Delhi. A modern convention center has also been set up in
Chennai Trade Center.22 23. As an apex agency of the Government,
ITPO accords approvals for holding of international trade fairs in
India in order to ensure and facilitate, inter alias, customs
clearance of imported exhibits. ITPO has been conferred the status
of Mini Ratan by the Government of India. This honour is bestowed
on select Public Sector Enterprises which register profits for
three years in a rowMISSION: To strive to be the pre-eminent trade
promotion organization of India and such to promote, facilitate,
encourage and coordinate various activities and programmers which
would enhance India's share in international trade and contribute
in maximizing the country's foreign exchange earnings through the
instrument of trade in goods and services.23 24. OBJECTIVES: The
main corporate objectives of the ITPO are enumerated below: To
organizes and participate in international trade fairs in India and
abroadTo organize trade development and promotion through
specialized programmes such as buyer-seller meets: contact
promotion programmes: India promotionthrough department stores,
market surveys; exchange and coordinate business delegations etc;
and conduct need based research on trade and export promotion. To
develop quality exhibition space, premises, services and management
so as to enable holding of trade promotion events of international
standards.To enlist the involvement and support of the State
Governments in the promotion of India's foreign trade and promote
establishment of exhibition centers in selected regions of the
country.To disseminate trade informationMain Activities and
Services of ITPO: Organizing various trade fairs and exhibitions at
its exhibition complex, Pragati Maidan and other centers in
India.Participating in overseas trade fairs and
exhibitionsCultivating overseas buyers through timely and efficient
servicesExtending the use of Pragati Maidan for holding trade fairs
and exhibitions by other fair organizers both from India and
abroadAssisting Indian companies in product development and
adaptation to meet24 25. buyers requirements Encouraging and
involving small and medium scale units in export promotion
efforts.Promoting establishment of facilities and infrastructure
for holding trade fairs in State Capitals or other suitable
locations in India, in consultation with State Governments
concerned.Organizing Buyer-Seller Meets and other exclusive India
Shows in order to bring buyers and sellers togetherAssisting Indian
companies in product development and adaptation to meet buyers
requirements.25 26. 2.2.4 EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE CORPORATION OF
INDIAThe Government of India set up the Export Risks Insurance
Corporation (ERIC) .In the July 1957 in order to provide export
credit insurance support to Indian exporters. It was transformed
into Export Credit &Guarantee Corporation Limited (ECGC) in
1964. To bring the Indian identity into sharper focus, the
Corporations name was once again changed to the present Export
Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Limited in 1983. ECGC is a
company wholly owned by the Government of India .It function under
the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce and managed
by a Board of Directors representing Government, Banking,
Insurance, Trade, Industry, etc.SALIENT FEATURES: Various
guarantees offered by ECGC to banks are: Packing Credit Guarantee
Export Production Finance Guarantee Post shipment Credit guarantee
Export Finance Guarantee Export Performance Guarantee Export
Finance (Overseas Lending) Guarantee26 27. RISK COVERED: Commercial
risks covered are insolvency of the buyer /LC opening bank (as
applicable); default by the buyer/LC opening bank to make payment
within four months from the due date; and the buyers failure to
accept the goods, subject to certain conditions/banks failure to
accept the bill drawn on itundertheletter of credit opened by it.
Political risks covered are the imposition of restriction by the
Government action which may block or delay the transfer of payment
made by the buyer; war, civil war ,revolution or civil disturbances
in the buyers country; new import restrictions or cancellations of
a valid resulting in payment of additional freight or insurance
charge which cannot be recovered from the buyer; and any other
cause of loss occurring outside India , not normally insured by
general insures and beyond the control of both the exporter and the
buyer.Premium is payable on the projected turnover for each quarter
in advance. Important obligation of the exporter is the declaration
of shipments made during the quarter within 15 days after the end
of the quarter and that of payment overdue for a period pf 30 days
or more from the due date at the end of the month. The Exporter
should, in consultation with ECGC, take effective steps for
recovery of the debt. All amounts recovered, net of recovery
expenses, shall be shared with ECGC in the same ratio in which the
loss was shared.27 28. RISK COVER BY ECGC: Guarantees to banks-
ECGC Construction works policy-ECGC Insurance cover for buyers
credit and line of credit-ECGC Shipment (comprehensive risks)
policy-ECGC Small exporters policy-ECGC Special scheme-ECGC
Specific policy for supply contracts-ECGC Specific policy for
services contracts-ECGC28 29. 2.2.5 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF EXPORT
MANAGEMENTIndian Institution of Export Management (IIEM) was set up
in 1990, with its corporate office at Bangalore. The institute has
been established with a mission to impart training to entrepreneurs
wishing to start export ventures and executives intending to make a
career in export management.Head quartered at Bangalore, IIEM acts
primarily as a promotional and operational institution to help
students, new entrants in exports, existing businessmen and
managers in export organizations.In the 12 years since inception,
more than 40,000 students have enrolled for various Export
Management courses at IIEM.The course material is designed to widen
the knowledge base of young managers and to equip them with
necessary skills to meet the challenges of globally competitive
environment. It is meant for professionals and students working in
the field of management who have no formal education in the field
of business.29 30. OBJECTIVES: To create a new cadre of
professionals in export management disciplines.To fully equip young
graduates, aspiring to make career in various departments of trade
management.To impart training to the professionals in export and
import management disciplines and to upgrade their management
skills.To help practicing managers to become more effective
decision makers in their fields through up gradation of knowledge
and managerial skills.To help managers blend their experience with
a structured learning which can be applied to decision making in
planned way.To broaden the overall perspective of the managers so
that they become catalysts for relevant changes.To develop
conceptual, interpersonal management awareness for implementation
of new structures and strategies.To improve managerial
effectiveness and prepare managers for senior positions.30 31.
2.2.6 FEDERATION OF INDIAN EXPORT ORGANIZATIONS The Federation of
Indian Export Organizations is an apexbody of various
exportpromotion organizations and institutions. TheFederation of
Indian Export Organizations represents the Indian entrepreneurs
spirit of enterprise global market set up in October, 1965, the
Federation, known popularly as FIEO, has kept pace with countries
evolving Economic and trade policies and provided the content,
direction and thrust to Indias expanding international trade.Its
membership, largely comprising professional exporting films or long
experience called government recognized Export Houses, Trading
Houses, Star Trading Houses and Super Star Trading Houses and
consultancy exporting firms. The Federation keeps its members
posted with the latest development field of Export/Import by
organizing seminars and workshops, inviting delegations, rganizing
buyers-sellers meets in India and abroad. Trade Fairs, providing
advisory and consultative services brings constant interaction
between member exporters and various government departments. The
Federation continued its program of creating awareness of EDI and
E-commerce among Indian exporters and importers through publication
of FIEO News. FIEO has forged strong links with counterpart
organizations in several countries as well as international
agencies to enable direct communication and31 32. interaction
between India and world businessmen. It is registered with UNCTAD
as a national non-Government organisation, and has direct access to
information/data originating from UN bodies and world agencies like
the IMF, ADB, ESCAP, WORLD of information as well as for liasioning
with several overseas chambers of commerce, and trade and industry
associations.32 33. 2.2.7 COMMERCIAL BANKS The Commercial Bank was
organized in 1934 as a financial service institution for the
purposes of providing the quality of service that can be offered
only by a community bank. Our professional staffs are constantly
looking for ways in which to expand the level of services and
products that you expect and deserve, whether it is through a
traditional checking account, club account, auto loan, business
account, or a mortgage loan for the home of your dreams. There are
many possibilities from which to choose and you can be assured that
we will work hard to provide them for you.We are pleased that you
are presently using or considering The Commercial Bank as your
provider of financial services. Please dont hesitate to call on the
People You know at any time.MISSION STATEMENT: The Mission of The
Commercial Bank is to continue the tradition of providing quality
financial services for customers; a pleasant work environment with
career opportunities for personal growth for employees; and an
outstanding return for shareholders; all under the structure of a
successful independent bank.33 34. IMPORTANT OF COMMERICAL BANKS:
Commercial banks (other than EXIM bank & other Export oriented
financial institutions) play an important and crucial role in the
development of exports. They provide a package of services to
exporters covering not only pre-shipment (Short Term) and
post-shipment (Medium & Long Term) credit including financing
of export incentive receivable but also giving guarantees for
tender bids and performance guarantees. These are the principal
agencies through which RBIs and EXIM banks schemes of credit and
finance for export are implemented.Commercial banks are mostly
scheduled banks i.e. those include in an appropriate schedule of
the RBI , which are in the field of export credit. However, these
banks may or may not be authorized dealers (AD s) in foreign
exchange, although, by a and large, all the scheduled banks are Ads
as well.Export credit is a major part of the operational volume of
many commercial banks and constitutes almost the entire business of
specialized export banks like the EXIM bank. It involves
essentially automatic advances against specified documents
conforming an export order, and subsequent progressive liquidation
of these advances as payments are made, from a letter of credit or
otherwise, to accordance with the sale contract, against other
documents certifying shipment, delivery, inspection, etc. of the
goods.34 35. BENIFITS: Option to give easier credit terms to
customers better protection than an ILC, without the need to insist
on establishing oneMore friendly delivery terms offered, like
direct delivery to the customer (as against DP/DA) without any
riskReduced foreign bank handling charges on documentsSubstantial
cost savings and complete freedom in monitoring and follow up
(telephones, faxes, follow-up visits) of receivables, overdue bank
interest on delayed collections and recovery expenses relating to
bad debts.35 36. 2.2.8 TRADE FAIR AUTHORITY OF INDIA Established
since 1970, Textile Asia caters for a specialized readership which
in embraces the economic decision-making elite in the industry.
This monthly magazine is indispensable for everyone concerned with
Textile trade, manufacturing, fashion trends, engineering needs,
management changes and development of new plant and equipment in
the industry. It offers news and comment on the current state of
cotton, wool, silk and manmade fiber textile trade and industry -
including finishing and garments - throughout Asia. Up to now, the
fair trade movement was mainly working with agricultural products
such as coffee, rice, dried fruits as well as artisan handicrafts.
In the fair trade shops there is so far a very limited range of
garments. The production chain for garments seemed to be too
complicated for fair trade: it goes from the crop growing and
spinning company to the dyeing factory and the actual making of the
clothes. How can all this be controlled? It is a huge challenge for
Max Havelaar to make sure, that all producers and fair trade -
partners are following minimal social standards. But the monitoring
of the whole production chain could be an opportunity to enforce
social minimal standards and to promote multi-stakeholder
verification. If the fair-trade labeling organizations develop a
close cooperation with trade unions and other initiatives in the
garments sector, the new label initiative can have a positive
impact on the aim of Clean Clothes Campaign to improve working
conditions in the garment factories.36 37. 3.1 PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS
3.1.1Number of years of experience Table3.1.1 shows the number of
years of experience the respondents have in the field of exports.
Table No. 3.1.1 Table showing the number of years of experience
Number of years of experienceNo. of respondentsPercentageLess than
3 Years13133 - 5 Years32325 - 8 Years3838More than 8
Years1717100100TotalIt is known from the above table that out of
the total respondents taken for study, 38% of the respondents have
5 8 Years of experience, 32% of the respondents have an experience
of 3 5 Years, 17% of the respondents have an experience of more
than 8 Years and 13% of the respondents have an experience of less
than 3 Years in the field of exports. It is concluded that majority
(38%) of the respondents have an experience of 5 8 Years in the
field of exports.37 38. Chart No. 3.1.1 Exhibit showing the number
of years of experience120Percentage100 No. of respondents
Percentage80 60 40 20 0 Less 3-5 than 3 Years Years5 - 8 More Years
than 8 YearsNo of respondents38Total 39. 3.1.2Branches Table3.1.2
shows whether the organization has a branch. Table No. 3.1.2 Table
showing the branches BranchesNo. of
respondentsPercentageYes2828No7272100100TotalIt is known from the
above table out of the total respondents taken for study, 72% of
the organizations do not have any branches and only 28% of the
organization has branches. It is concluded that majority (72%) of
the organization does not have any branches.39 40. Chart No. 3.1.2
Exhibit showing the Branches 120Percentage100 80 No. of respondents
Percentage60 40 20 0 YesNoTotalNo of respondents40 41. 3.1.3Number
of branches Table 3.1.3 shows the number of branches the
organization has. Table No. 3.1.3 Table showing the number of
branches No. of branchesNo. of
respondentsPercentageOne310.71Two1760.71Three414.29More than
three414.2928100TotalIt is known from the above table that out of
the organizations that have branches, 60.71% of the respondents
have two branches, 14.29% of the respondents have three branches,
14.29% of the respondents have more than 3 branches and only 10.71%
of the respondents have one branch. It is concluded that majority
(60.71%) of the respondents have two branches.41 42. Chart No.
3.1.3 Exhibit showing the Number of branches 120Percentage100 80
No. of respondents Percentage60 40 20 0 OneTwoThreeMore than
threeNo of respondents42Total 43. 3.1.4Export destinations Table
3.1.4 shows the destinations where the organizations export their
products. Table No. 3.1.4 Table showing the Export destinations
Export destinationsNo. of respondentsPercentageEuropean
Countries5656Western Countries3838Gulf
Countries33Others33100100TotalIt is known from the above table that
out of the total respondents taken for study, 56% of the
respondents export their goods to European countries, 38% of the
respondents export their goods to Western Countries, 3% of the
respondents export to gulf countries and 3% of the respondents
export their products to Gulf countries. It is concluded that
majority (56%) of the respondents export their goods to European
countries.43 44. Chart No. 3.1.4 Exhibit showing the Export
destinations44 45. 3.1.5Number of countries operated with Table
3.1.5 shows the number of countries the exporters operated with.
Table No. 3.1.5 Table showing the number of countries operated with
No. of countriesNo. of respondentsPercentageUp to 2 Countries24243
- 5 Countries5151More than 5 Countries2525Total100100It is known
from the above table that out of the total respondents taken for
study, 51% of the respondents export their products to 3 5
Countries, 25% of the respondents operate with more than 5
Countries and 24% of the respondents operate with up to 2
countries. It is concluded that majority (51%) of the respondents
export their products to 3 5 Countries.45 46. Chart No. 3.1.5
Exhibit showing the number of countries operated
with120Percentage100 80 No. of respondents Percentage60 40 20 0 Up
to 2 3-5 More than Countries Countries 5 Countries No of
respondents46Total 47. 3.1.6Membership Table 3.1.6 shows the
councils and committees in which the respondents have their
Membership. Table No. 3.1.6 Table showing the Membership Councils /
CommitteeNo. of respondentsPercentageExport Promotion
Council7248.65Textile Committee5436.49Tex
Procil2214.86Others00.00148100TotalIt is known from the above table
that out of the total respondents taken for study, 48.65% of the
respondents are members in Export promotion Council, 36.49% of the
respondents are members in Textile Committee and 14.86% of the
respondents are members in Tex Procil. It is concluded that
majority (48.65%) of the respondents are members in Export
Promotion Council.47 48. Chart No. 3.1.6 Exhibit showing the
Membership48 49. 3.1.7Opinion towards importance of Education
Institutions Table 3.1.7 shows the opinion of the respondents
towards the importance of Education Institutions to exporters.
Table No. 3.1.7 Table showing the Opinion towards importance of
Education Institutions Opinion towards importance of Education
InstitutionsNo. of respondentsPercentageYes9090No1010100100TotalIt
is known from the above table that out of the total respondents
taken for study, 90% of the respondents feel that the Education
Institutions are important and 10% of the respondents feel that the
Education Institutions are not very essential. It is concluded that
majority (90%) of the respondents feel that the education
institutions are important.49 50. Chart No. 3.1.7 Exhibit showing
the Opinion towards importance of Education Institutions50 51.
3.1.8 Institution that offers required assistance and provides
knowledge Table 3.1.8 shows the institution that offers required
assistance and provide knowledge. Table No. 3.1.8 Table showing the
Institution that offers required assistance and provides knowledge
InstitutionsNo. of respondentsPercentageChamber of
Commerce6722.41Commercial banks3712.37Indian Trade Promotion
Organization237.69Indian Institute of Foreign trade3612.04Export
Credit Guarantee Corporation5819.40Indian Institute of Export
Organization217.02Trade Fair Authority of India3010.03Federation of
Indian Export Management279.03Others00.00299100TotalIt is known
from the above table that out of the total respondents taken for
study, 22.41% of the respondents have preferred Chamber of Commerce
to be the institution that provides required assistance and the
organization that inculcates required knowledge. 19.4% of the
respondents have marked Export promotion Guarantee Corporation,
12.37% have marked Commercial banks, 12.04% of the respondents
Indian Institute of Foreign trade, 10.03% of the respondents have
51 52. marked Trade Fair authority of India, 9.03% of the
respondents have marked Federation of Indian Export management,
7.69% of the respondents have said that Indian Trade Promotion
Organization provides the knowledge and 7.02% of the respondents
have opted Indian Institute of Export Organization. It is concluded
that majority (22.41%) of the respondents have marked Chamber of
Commerce to be the organization that offers assistance and that
inculcates knowledge about export procedures.52 53. Chart No. 3.1.8
Exhibit showing the Institution that offers required assistance and
provides knowledge53 54. 3.1.9 Institution offering Export and
import incentives Table 3.1.9 shows the institution that offers
export and import incentives to the organizations. Table No. 3.1.9
Table showing the Institution offering Export and import incentives
InstitutionsNo. of respondents PercentageChamber of
Commerce8128.42Commercial banks Indian Trade Promotion Organization
Indian Institute of Foreign trade37 23 4312.98 8.07 15.09Export
Credit Guarantee Corporation Indian Institute of Export
Organization Trade Fair Authority of India61 18 1121.40 6.32
3.86Federation of Indian Export Management Others Total11 0 2853.86
0.00 100It is known that 28.42% of the respondents say that they
receive export and import incentives from Chamber of Commerce,
21.4% of them say that Export Credit Guarantee Corporation offers
them the incentives, 15.09% of the respondents have opted Indian
Institute of Foreign trade, 12.98% of the respondents have opted
commercial banks, 8.07% of the respondents have opted Indian Trade
Promotion Organization, 6.32% of the respondents have prefer Indian
Institute of export organization, 3.86% of the respondents prefer
Trade Fair Authority of India and an another 3.86% say that
Federation of Indian Export Management offers import and export
incentives.It is concluded that majority (28.42%) of the
respondents say that Chamber of Commerce offers export and import
incentives.54 55. Chart No. 3.1.9 Exhibit showing the Institution
offering Export and import incentives55 56. 3.1.10Assistance from
Chamber of Commerce Table 3.1.10 shows the type of assistance the
respondents receive from Chamber of commerce. Table No.3.1.10 Table
showing the Assistance from Chamber of Commerce Assistance from
Chamber of CommerceNo. of respondentsPercentageDuty
drawback4456.41Government Policies78.97Customs
Clearance1519.23Certificate of origin45.13Export market
trends45.13General useful information45.1378100TotalIt is known
from the above table that out of the total respondents taken for
study, 56.41% of the respondents receive assistance to receive Duty
drawback from Chamber of Commerce, 19.23% of the respondents are
assisted in Customs Clearance, 8.97% of the respondents are
received assistance by way of government Policies, 5.13% of the
respondents receive help to avail the certificate of origin, 5.13%
are informed about the market trends and 5.13% of the respondents
receive other useful information from Chamber of Commerce. It is
concluded that majority (56.41%) of the respondents receive
assistance for the purpose of Duty drawback from chamber of
commerce.56 57. Chart No. 3.1.10 Exhibit showing the Type of
assistance availed from Chamber of Commerce57 58. 3.1.11Nature of
assistance from Indian Institute of Foreign Trade and Indian
Institute of Export management Table 3.1.11 shows the nature of the
assistance the organization receives from Indian Institute of
Foreign Trade and Indian Institute of Export management. Table No.
3.1.11 Table showing the Nature of assistance from Indian Institute
of Foreign Trade and Indian Institute of Export management Nature
of assistanceNo. of respondentsPercentageResearch
Project3528.69Collection of
Data4536.89Training4234.43Others00.00122100TotalIt is known from
the above table that out of the total respondents taken for study,
36.89% of the respondents are provided with help for Collection of
data, 34.43% of the respondents are provided with training and
28.69% of the respondents receive help by way of research projects
from Indian institute of Foreign Trade and Indian Institute of
Export management. It is concluded that majority (36.89%) of the
respondents avail assistance in Collection of Data from Indian
Institute of Foreign Trade and Indian Institute of Export
management.58 59. Chart No. 3.1.11 Exhibit showing the Nature of
assistance from Indian Institute of Foreign Trade and Indian
Institute of Export Management59 60. 3.1.12Nature of assistance
from Indian Promotion organization and Trade Fair Authority of
India Table 3.1.12 shows the nature of assistance the Indian
Promotion organization and Trade Fair Authority of India provides
to the respondents. Table No. 3.1.12 Table showing the Nature of
assistance from Indian Promotion organization and Trade Fair
Authority of India Nature of assistanceNo. of
respondentsPercentageUpgrade technology4943.36Organize visits of
foreign trade3228.32Undertake publicity to print and electronic
media3228.32Total113100It is known from the above table that out of
the total respondents taken for study, 43.36% of the respondents
receive upgraded technology, 28.32% of the respondents get
organized visits of foreign trade and 28.32% of the respondents are
availed publicity to print and electronic media from Indian
Promotion organization and Trade Fair Authority of India. It is
concluded that majority (43.36%) of the respondents receive
upgraded technology assistance from Indian Promotion organization
and Trade Fair Authority of India.60 61. Chart No. 3.1.12 Exhibit
showing the Nature of assistance from Indian Trade promotion
Organization and Trade Fair Authority of India61 62. 3.1.13Nature
of assistance availed through Federation of Indian Export Table
3.1.13 shows the nature of assistance availed through Federation of
Indian Export. Table No. 3.1.13 Table showing the Nature of
assistance availed through Federation of Indian Export No. of
respondentsPercentageConsultancy services5850.00Organizing
seminars4841.38Conducting exhibition abroad &
creating108.62Total116100Nature of assistanceIt is known from the
above table that out of the total respondents taken for study, 50%
of the respondents have received Consultancy services, 41.38% of
the respondents are assisted by means of organized seminars and
8.62% of the respondents are helped for the purpose of conducting
exhibition abroad. It is concluded that majority (50%) of the
respondents are provided with consultancy services from Federation
of Indian Export.62 63. Chart No. 3.1.13 Exhibit showing the Nature
of assistance from Federation of Indian Export63 64. 3.1.14Nature
of assistance through Export Credit Guarantee Corporation Table
3.1.14 shows the nature of assistance the respondents receive from
Export Credit Guarantee Corporation. Table No. 3.1.14 Table showing
the Nature of assistance through Export Credit Guarantee
Corporation No. of respondentsPercentageResale of unexpected
goods1710.69Claim due to loss or damage4830.19Guarantees to
banks6339.62Export Performance Guarantee3119.50Total159100Nature of
assistanceIt is known from the above table that out of the total
respondents taken for study, 39.62% of the respondents receive help
to avail guarantee to banks, 30.19% of the respondents receive help
in order to claim due to loss or damage, 19.5% of the respondents
receive Export Performance Guarantee and 10.69% of the respondents
are provided assistance to resell unexpected goods. It is concluded
that majority (39.62%) of the respondents are provided with
guarantees to the banks from Export Credit Guarantee Corporation.64
65. Chart No. 3.1.14 Exhibit showing the Nature of assistance
through Export Credit Guarantee Corporation65 66. 3.1.15Level of
satisfaction towards assistance from Education Institutions Table
3.1.15 shows the level of satisfaction of the respondents towards
the assistance provided by the Education Institutions. Table No.
3.1.15 Table showing the Level of satisfaction towards assistance
from EducationHighly
satisfiedSatisfiedNeutralDissatisfieddissatisfiedHighlyTotalInstitutionsChamber
of Commerce1978300100Commercial banks4249900100Indian Trade
Promotion Organization12761200100Indian Institute of Foreign
trade988300100Export Credit Guarantee Corporation1974700100Indian
Institute of Export Organization1579600100Trade Fair Authority
India6751900100Federation of Indian Export Management985330100Level
of satisfactionInstitutionsIt is known from the above table that
out of the total respondents taken for study, majority of the
respondents are satisfied towards the assistance provided by
ChamberofCommerce,Commercialbanks,IndianTradePromotionOrganization,
Indian Institute of Foreign trade, Export Credit Guarantee66 67.
Corporation, Indian Institute of Export Organization, Trade Fair
Authority India and Federation of Indian Export Management. It is
concluded that majority of the respondents are satisfied towards
the assistance provided by various education institutions.67 68.
3.1.16 Credit limit Table3.1.16 shows the credit limit facility
availed by the respondents from the banks. Table No. 3.1.16 Table
showing the Credit limit Credit limit facilityNo. of
respondentsPercentageBelow 50 lakhs181850 lakhs to 75 lakhs222275
lakhs to 1 Crore2323Above 1 Crore3737100100TotalIt is known from
the above table that out of the total respondents taken for study,
37% of the respondents have a credit limit of more than 1 Crore,
23% of the respondents possess a credit limit of 75 lakhs to 1
Crore, 22% of the respondents possess a credit limit of 50 lakhs to
75 lakhs and 18% of the respondents are provided with a credit
limit of less than 50 lakhs by the bank. It is concluded that
majority (37%) of the respondents possess a credit limit of more
than 1 Crore.68 69. Chart No. 3.1.16 Exhibit showing the Credit
limit facility69 70. 3.1.17Securities preferred by the Institutions
Table 3.1.17 shows the securities that are preferred by the
Institutions to provide credit. Table No. 3.1.17 Table showing the
Securities preferred by the Institutions SecuritiesNo. of
respondentsPercentageLetter of credit7575Purchase
order1818Others77100100TotalIt is known from the above table that
out of the total respondents taken for study, 75% of the
respondents prefer Letter of Credit as the security, 18% of the
respondents prefer Purchase order and 7% of the respondents prefer
collateral securities to provide credit. It is concluded that
majority (75%) of the institutions prefer Letter of Credit as the
security to provide credit to the respondents.70 71. Chart No.
3.1.17 Exhibit showing the Securities preferred by the
Institutions71 72. 3.1.18 Level of agreeability towards Problems
faced Table 3.1.18 shows the level of agreeability of the
respondents towards the problem faced in various areas of exports.
Table No. 3.1.18ProblemsStrongly
agreeAgreeNeutralDisagreeDisagreeStronglyTable showing the Level of
agreeability towards Problems facedProblems in availing
credit1137172213Problem in receiving Duty draw back172316359Problem
in the rate of Incentives1518193414Export
procedures1140161716Training Advancement94515229Level of
agreeabilityIt is known from the above table that out of the total
respondents taken for study, majority of the respondents agree that
they have problems in availing credit, the exporters feel that the
export procedures to be lengthy and tough and training provided by
the educational institutions are more advanced thus the training
content must be simplified as to meet the needs of the exporters.
The respondents disagree that they have problem is receiving Duty
draw back and rate of incentives.72 73. It is concluded that
majority of the respondents agree that they have problems in
availing credit, export procedures and training advancement.73 74.
Average score for number of years of experience and level of
satisfaction towards assistance provided by Education institution
Table3.1.19 shows the average score for number of years of
experience and level of satisfaction of the respondents towards the
assistance provided by Education Institution. Table No.3.1.19 Table
showing the Average score for number of years of experience and
level of satisfaction towards assistance provided by Education
institution Number of years of Less 3-5 experience than 3 Years
Education institutions YearsMore 5-8 than 8 Years YearsChamber of
Commerce3.924.134.324.06Commercial banks4.544.284.324.29Indian
Trade Promotion Organization4.004.133.923.94Indian Institute of
Foreign trade4.084.004.084.12Export Credit Guarantee
Corporation4.154.094.084.24Indian Institute of Export
Organization4.004.064.114.18Trade Fair Authority
India3.853.943.873.76Federation of Indian Export
Management4.003.944.034.06It is known from the above tables that
out of the respondents having different years of experience in the
field of exports, respondents with less than 3 years of experience
are highly satisfied towards the assistance provided by the
commercial banks and are satisfied towards the performance of other
education74 75. institutions. Respondents with 3 5 Years, 5 8 Years
and more than 8 Years are highly satisfied towards the assistance
provided by the education institutions. It is concluded that
respondents with different years of experience in the field of
exports are satisfied towards the Education Institutions.75 76.
Average score for export destination and level of satisfaction
towards assistance provided by Education institutions Table3.1.20
shows the average score values for the export destination and level
of satisfaction of the respondents towards the assistance provided
by the education institutions. Table No. 3.1.20 Table showing the
Average score for export destination and level ofEducation
InstitutionsCountriesEuropeanWestern CountriesGulf
CountriesOtherssatisfaction towards assistance provided by
Education institutionsChamber of Commerce4.054.264.005.00Commercial
banks4.454.215.003.00Indian Trade Promotion
Organization4.113.844.004.00Indian Institute of Foreign
trade4.004.164.004.00Export Credit Guarantee
Corporation4.134.055.004.00Indian Institute of Export
Organization4.004.244.004.00Trade Fair Authority
India4.003.664.004.00Federation of Indian Export
Management4.054.084.002.00Export destinationsIt is known from the
above table that out of the respondents exporting their goods to
different export destinations, respondents exporting to European76
77. countries and Western countries are satisfied towards the
assistance of all education institutions, respondents exporting to
Gulf countries are highly satisfied towards the Commercial banks
and export credit Guarantee Corporations assistance and respondents
exporting to other countries are highly satisfied towards the
assistance provided by chamber of commerce, they have opined
neutrally towards the assistance provided by commercial banks and
are dissatisfied towards the assistance provided by Federation of
Indian Export Management. It is concluded that Respondents
exporting to different export destinations are satisfied towards
the assistance provided by different educational institutions.77
78. Average score for Number of countries operated with and level
of satisfaction towards the assistance provided by the education
institutions Table 3.1.21 shows the average score values for number
of countries with which the exporters operate with and their level
of satisfaction towards the assistance provided by the education
institutions. Table No. 3.1.21 Table showing the Average score for
Number of countries operated with and level of satisfaction towards
the assistance provided by the Education Institutions Number of
countries Up to 2 3-5 More than Education Institutions Countries
Countries 5 Countries Chamber of Commerce4.294.084.20Commercial
banks4.384.294.36Indian Trade Promotion
Organization4.044.043.88Indian Institute of Foreign
trade4.134.044.04Export Credit Guarantee
Corporation4.044.124.20Indian Institute of Export
Organization4.084.064.16Trade Fair Authority
India4.043.823.80Federation of Indian Export
Management3.964.063.92It is known from the above table that out of
the respondents dealing with different number of countries,
respondents working with up to 2 Countries, 3 5 Countries and more
than 5 countries are satisfied towards the assistance provided by
all the education institutions. It is concluded that respondents
operating with different countries are satisfied towards the
assistance provided by the education institution.78 79. Average
score for membership and level of satisfaction towards the
assistance provided by the education institutions Table 3.1.22
shows the average score values for membership and level of
satisfaction towards the assistance provided by the education
institutions. Table No. 3.1.22Education InstitutionsCouncilExport
PromotionTextile CommitteeTex procilOthersTable showing the Average
score for membership and level of satisfaction towards the
assistance provided by the education institutionsChamber of
Commerce4.054.294.30-Commercial banks4.474.114.30-Indian Trade
Promotion Organization4.054.003.70-Indian Institute of Foreign
trade4.004.094.30-Export Credit Guarantee
Corporation4.243.894.30-Indian Institute of Export
Organization4.004.094.60-Trade Fair Authority
India3.933.833.70-Federation of Indian Export
Management4.054.003.70-Councils / CommitteeIt is known from the
above table that out of the respondents having membership in
different councils and committees, respondents having membership in
Export promotion council and Textile Committee are satisfied
towards the assistance provided by the Education Institutions and
respondents having membership in Tex Procil are highly satisfied
towards the assistance provided by Indian Institute of Export
Organization.79 80. It is concluded that respondents with
membership in different organizations are satisfied towards the
assistance provided by different education institutions. Average
score for number of years of experience and level of agreeability
towards problems faced Table 3.1.23 shows the average score values
for number of years of experience and level of agreeability towards
problems faced. Table No. 3.1.23 Table showing the Average score
for number of years of experience and level of agreeability towards
problems faced No. of years of ExperienceLess than 3 Years3-5
Years5-8 YearsMore than 8 YearsProblems in availing
credit3.313.062.893.53Problem in receiving Duty draw
back3.622.692.953.47Problem in the rate of
Incentives2.922.882.872.76Export procedures3.383.192.973.18Training
Advancement3.153.093.473.00ProblemsIt is known from the above table
that out of the respondents having different years of experience,
respondents with less than 3 years of experience agree that they
face problems in receiving the duty drawback, respondents with 3 5
Years and 5 8 Years of experience have opined neutrally towards all
the problems and respondents with more than 8 years of experience
in this field agree that they have problem in availing credit.80
81. It is concluded that respondents with different years of
experience have opined neutrally towards majority of the factors.81
82. Average score for Export destination and level of agreeability
towards problems faced Table 3.1.24 shows the average score values
for Export destination and level of agreeability towards problems
faced. Table No. 3.1.24 Table showing the Average score for Export
destination and level of agreeability towards problems
facedProblemsExport European Western Gulf destinations Others
Countries Countries CountriesProblems in availing
credit3.292.922.333.003.092.973.332.672.862.762.674.33Export
procedures3.233.003.332.67Training
Advancement3.163.422.672.67Problem in receiving Duty draw back
Problem in the rate of IncentivesIt is known from the above table
that out of the organization that export their goods to different
destinations, respondents exporting for European countries and
Western countries have opined neutrally, respondents exporting for
Gulf countries disagree that they have problems in availing credit
and respondents exporting to other countries agree that they have
problems in the rate of incentives. It is concluded that
respondents exporting to different destinations have opined
neutrally towards the problems faced.82 83. Average score for No.
of countries operated and level of agreeability towards problems
faced Table 3.1.25 shows the average score values for No. of
countries operated and level of agreeability towards problems
faced. Table No. 3.1.25 Table showing the Average score for No. of
countries operated and level of agreeability towards problems faced
No. of countries operatedUp to 2 Countries3-5 CountriesMore than 5
CountriesProblems in availing credit3.253.242.72Problem in
receiving Duty draw back3.042.923.28Problem in the rate of
Incentives2.752.753.20Export procedures3.133.222.96Training
Advancement3.463.183.12ProblemsIt is known from the above table
that out of the respondents operating with different number of
countries, respondents working with up to 2 countries, 3 5
countries and more than 5 countries have opined neutrally towards
the problems faced. It is concluded that respondents operating in
different countries opine neutrally towards the problems faced.83
84. Average score for membership and level of agreeability towards
problems faced Table 3.1.26 shows the average score values for
membership and level of agreeability towards problems faced. Table
No. 3.1.26 Table showing the Average score for membership and level
of agreeabilityCouncilExport PromotionTextile CommitteeTex
procilOtherstowards problems facedProblems in availing
credit3.222.943.10-Problem in receiving Duty draw
back3.042.943.40-Problem in the rate of
Incentives2.623.113.30-Export procedures3.223.033.00-Training
Advancement3.183.263.40-Council / CommitteeProblemsIt is known from
the above table that out of the respondents having membership in
different councils or committees like export promotion council,
textile committee, Tex Procil and others have opined neutrally
towards problems faced.84the 85. It is concluded that respondents
having membership in different councils and committees have opined
neutrally towards problems faced.85 86. 3.2CHI-SQUARE ANALYSIS
Personal factors versus opinion towards the institution that offers
assistance and inculcates knowledgeTable 3.2.1 shows the chi-square
values and hypothesis testing of personal factors and opinion of
the respondents towards the institution that offers assistance and
inculcates knowledge.Hypothesis: There is no significant
relationship between the personal factors and opinion of the
respondents towards the institution that offers assistance and
inculcates knowledge.86 87. Table No. 3.2.1 Table showing the
Personal factors versus opinion towards the institution that offers
assistance and inculcates knowledge ChiSquare analysisp
valueSignificant / Not significantHypothesis Accepted /
RejectedNumber of years of experience15.3820.636Not
significantAcceptedExport
destinations223.1400.000SignificantRejectedNumber of countries
operated with14.0230.299Not
significantAcceptedMembership36.9220.000SignificantRejectedPersonal
factorsSignificance p value < 0.05 It is known from the above
table that there is no significant relationship between number of
years of experience and number of countries operated with and the
opinion of the respondents towards the institution that offers
assistance and inculcates knowledge. There is significant
relationship between the export destinations and membership and the
opinion of the respondents towards the institution that offers
assistance and inculcates knowledge. It is concluded that there is
significant relationship with export destinations and membership
and there is no significant relationship between number of years of
experience and number of countries operated with and the opinion of
the respondents towards the institution that offers assistance and
inculcates knowledge.87 88. 4.1 FINDINGS Majority (38%) of the
respondents have an experience of 5 8 Years in the field of
exports. Majority (72%) of the organization does not have any
branches. Majority (60.71%) of the respondents have two branches.
Majority (56%) of the respondents export their goods to European
countries. Majority (51%) of the respondents export their products
to 3 5 Countries. Majority (48.65%) of the respondents are members
in Export Promotion Council. Majority (90%) of the respondents feel
that the education institutions are important. Majority (22.41%) of
the respondents have marked Chamber of Commerce to be the
organization that offers assistance and that inculcates knowledge
about export procedures. Majority (28.42%) of the respondents say
that Chamber of Commerce offers export and import incentives.
Majority (56.41%) of the respondents receive assistance for the
purpose of Duty drawback from chamber of commerce. Majority
(36.89%) of the respondents avail assistance in Collection of Data
from Indian Institute of Foreign Trade and Indian Institute of
Export management.88 89. Majority (43.36%) of the respondents
receive upgraded technology assistance from Indian Promotion
organization and Trade Fair Authority of India. Majority (50%) of
the respondents are provided with consultancy services from
Federation of Indian Export. Majority (39.62%) of the respondents
are provided with guarantees to the banks from Export Credit
Guarantee Corporation. Majority of the respondents are satisfied
towards the assistance provided by various education institutions.
Majority (37%) of the respondents possess a credit limit of more
than 1 Crore. Majority (75%) of the institutions prefer Letter of
Credit as the security to provide credit to the respondents.
Majority of the respondents agree that they have problems in
availing credit, export procedures and training advancement.
Respondents with different years of experience in the field of
exports are satisfied towards the Education Institutions.
Respondents exporting to different export destinations are
satisfied towards the assistance provided by different educational
institutions. Respondents operating with different countries are
satisfied towards the assistance provided by the education
institutions Respondents with membership in different organizations
are satisfied towards the assistance provided by different
education institutions.89 90. Respondents with different years of
experience have opined neutrally towards majority of the factors.
Respondents exporting to different destinations have opined
neutrally towards the problems faced. Respondents operating in
different countries opine neutrally towards the problems faced.
Respondents having membership in different councils and committees
have opined neutrally towards problems faced. There is significant
relationship with export destinations and membership and there is
no significant relationship between number of years of experience
and number of countries operated with and the opinion of the
respondents towards the institution that offers assistance and
inculcates knowledge.90 91. 4.2 SUGGESTIONS Export procedure is
considered to be very complex and tough to be followed, thus
simplifying them in such a way that it is adaptable by every
exporter. Though many exporters are aware of the various assistance
and are successful in getting the assistance from various
institution, it takes aback to notice that few exporters any of the
assistance provided by many institution. The exporters encounter
problems in availing the duty draw back, which is a major incentive
that encourages the exporters to export their products. Thus duty
draw back schemes must be made easily. The incentives provided to
the agriculture products and core products are to be increased as
this will entertain the exporters to concentrate on those
industries. The training provided by the education institutions
must be simplified in such a way that it is understandable and
adaptable by the exporters. Many exporters have expressed their
grievance regarding the lengthy procedure and time consuming
formalities in getting the assistance. The general opinion among
many exporters is that the required loan is to be made available by
offering minimum security and the interest rate is to be reduced
for long term loans. They also would like to have minimum tax
burden. All the needs of the exporters can very well be taken care
by the Government provided necessary changes are implemented in its
policy.91 92. 4.3 CONCLUSIONExports are one of the major Foreign
earning industry in the country. Concentration and due care are
provided in order to encourage and improve the quantity of exports.
Government provides incentives, duty draw backs and other
specialized schemes and offers to the exporters. One such way to
encourage export is by way of educating the potential businessmen
and small export units about the complex export procedures, terms
and conditions. The educational institutions like Chamber of
commerce, Export promotion council, Textile committee etc., are
engaged in such educational activities. The institutions are
performing in a very successful manner by educating the exporters
in different areas of exports in a satisfactory manner. This has
increased a good number of exporters to export in an efficient
manner. The exporters are satisfied towards the assistance provided
to them and other monetary benefits provided by the institutions.
Buy liquidating the procedure for exports, simplifying the training
and by providing incentives and support to the exporters exports
can be enhanced very successfully.92