Digital TV Transition and New Video Distribution Technologies Veena Rawat President, Communications Research Centre Canada
May 13, 2015
Digital TV Transition andNew Video Distribution TechnologiesVeena RawatPresident,Communications Research Centre Canada
CRC is Canada’s Primary Federal Laboratory for R&D in Advanced Telecommunications
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Wireless and Satellite
Internet
Networks
Broadcasting
CRC is right in the middle of the telecommunication convergence!CRC is right in the middle of the telecommunication convergence!
Agenda
Traditional Broadcasting
Transition to Digital TV
Digital Dividend
Emerging Video Delivery Technologies
Summary
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Traditional Broadcasting
Now: Traditional broadcasting in CanadaOver-the-air (OTA) (10 % of Household for NTSC)CATV (64%)Satellite (26%)
Future: Emerging delivery technologies Improvement to ATSC DTV TransmissionIPTVInternet TV Mobile TV: ATSC M/H, DVB-H, MediaFlo, ISDB-T…Wi-Fi/Wimax
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5% of video viewing in 10 years? 10 %? 20%? 50%?
5% of video viewing in 10 years? 10 %? 20%? 50%?
Traditional Broadcasting
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Transition to DTV and HDTV well under way in Canada: Virtually complete for Satellite and Well advanced for Cable
Canada decides to let the market forces dictate the transition for digital terrestrial TV transmission
End of Analog TV Transmission:United States 12‐6‐2009
Canada 31‐8‐2011
Mexico 1‐1‐2022
Europe Recomm. 1‐1‐2012
Transition CompletedTransition for Full‐Power only. LPTV analogTransition in ProgressTransition not started yetNo transition plan No information was available
Terrestrial Digital Television Transition in Canada
In 2002, the CRTC set out the regulatory framework for licensing DTV stations, market would drive transition
In 2007, the CTRC revised its transition policy (of allowing the market to determine when the analogue switch‐off begins) and indicated a tentative date to shut‐down analog TV by August 31, 2011 except in northern communities
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CRTC Announcement on March 22, 2009 (CRTC 2010‐167)
There is no change to the August 31, 2011 analog TV switch-off dateCRTC requires mandatory DTV conversion for the 31 largest markets by Aug. 31, 2011 – 165 stationsThe 31 largest markets:
300,000+ populationProvincial/territorial capitalsMarkets served by multiple originating stations to convert to DTV by 2011
TV stations outside the major markets and on channels 52-69 (700 MHz Band) to vacate their channels by 2011 - 20 stationsRemaining analog TV operations are “secondary” to DTV after 2011Altogether about 185 stations out of a total of 750 need to convert to DTV by August 2011
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DTV Arrangements with the USA
Exchange of letters between Industry Canada and the FCC is in placeFormalizes our respective post‐transition allotments/assignments in the border area (360 km)
Provides guidelines on the coordination of new allotments and changes to the plan during Canadian transition
A Treaty Agreement is being finalized:To replace the existing TV agreement and the transitional arrangements
To come into force after both countries complete transition to DTV
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Television Market
(in ,000) World Mexico USA Canada
Households 1,800,00 25,000 115,760 13,731
TV households 85 930 23,175 114,500 13,593
Penetration (TV % of households)
65.3 % 92.7 % 98.9 % 99%
Penetration (HDTV % of households)
6 % ? 44.6% 37%
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FCC Broadband Plan (USA)
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FCC hoping to free 120 MHz from digital television broadcasting spectrum
Voluntary basis
Broadcasters to share auction revenue with government (if approved by US Congress).
US Broadcasters claimed that they need this spectrum to support Mobile TV (ATSC‐M/H), 3D‐TV and Emergency Alerting
12 major US TV groups to aggregate spectrum to offer national mobile TV service
Transition Issues
Has many objectivesTechnical
Cultural
Consumer interests
Public interests
Need to know various jurisdictions/legislations in a given country
Need firm timelines and roadmap for transition and post transition
Urban/Rural phased‐in approach provides flexibility
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Transition Issues (continued)
Rules for broadcasters to use extra capacity available within their channel (e.g. mobile, TV, Data) ??
Support for Set‐top boxes ??
Simulcast period during transition
Termination of availability of analog equipment ??
Timing for use of Digital Dividend ??
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Digital Dividend
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The 700MHz band: TV Channels 52‐60
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52 Lower 700 MHz 5952 Lower 700 MHz 59
52 Future Communications Services 5952 Future Communications Services 59
60 Upper 700 MHz 6960 Upper 700 MHz 69
Commercial60 Mobile Services 62
Commercial60 Mobile Services 62
Public63 Safety 64
Public63 Safety 64
Commercial65 Mobile Services 67
Commercial65 Mobile Services 67
Public68 Safety 69
Public68 Safety 69
Lower 700 MHzLower 700 MHz Upper 700 MHzUpper 700 MHz
PSPSNTSC+ DTVNTSC+ DTVAnalog TV and DTV Simulcast (NTSC + DTV)Analog TV and DTV Simulcast (NTSC + DTV) PSPS
Analog TV and DTVSimulcast (NTSC + DTV)Analog TV and DTV
Simulcast (NTSC + DTV)
52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
Future Communication ServicesFuture Communication Services
AuctionAuction
CMSCMS
CMS ‐ AuctionCMS ‐ Auction
PSPS
PS ‐ FCFSPS ‐ FCFS
CMSCMS
CMS ‐ AuctionCMS ‐ Auction
PSPS
PS ‐ FCFSPS ‐ FCFS
Commercial Services and Public Safety
Commercial Services and Public Safety
Band Range
Channel Number
Existing Services
Future Services
Licensing Process
Band Range
Future Services
Auctioned in the US in 2006
US and Canadian TV White Space Band Plans(TV Channels 2‐51)
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34
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432 875 9 1211 13
16 17 2019
21 242322 25 282726 29 323130 33 3635
403938 41 444342 45 484746 49 5150
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54 72 MHz 76 88 MHz 174 216
470 512 MHz
512
614 668 698 MHz
Fixed (4 W) lowpower devicesFixed (4 W) lowpower devices Fixed (4 W) low power devicesFixed (4 W) low power devices
Fixed (4 W) and portable (100 mW) low power devicesFixed (4 W) and portable (100 mW) low power devices
Fixed (4 W) and portable (100 mW) low power devicesFixed (4 W) and portable (100 mW) low power devices
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1514
Fixed (4 W) low power devices in areas not used by PLMRSor CMRS (licensed in 13 metropolitan areas)
Fixed (4 W) low power devices in areas not used by PLMRSor CMRS (licensed in 13 metropolitan areas)
608
608 MHz
Remote Rural Broadband Systems (light licensing)Remote Rural Broadband Systems (light licensing)
Remote Rural Broadband Systems (light licensing)Remote Rural Broadband Systems (light licensing)
VHF
UHF
Digital Dividend: Steps Taken In Canada
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June 2006: RP‐06: Policy for the use of Television Channels 2 to 59 for advanced communications services in remote rural communities.(Focus licensing in Channels 25, 34, 35 and 43 initially to help manufacturers keep costs down and minimize broadcast coordination.)
A number of applications were filed (see Figure)
Interim Technical Guidelines for Remote Rural Broadband Systems (RRBS) Operating in the Band 512‐698 MHz(TV Channels 21 to 51) GL‐05 (March 2007)
Completion of the Radio Standard Specification: RSS‐196 (March 2010)
Publication of the Standard Radio System Plan: SRSP 300‐512 (March 2010)
Minimum distance from Canada/US border: 121 km until agreement is reached between FCC and IC.
Applications for Rural Broadband In Channels 2‐59
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Emerging Video Delivery Technologies
Improvement to ATSC
IPTV
Internet TV
Mobile TV
Wi‐Fi/Wimax
Placeshifting
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Broadcasting and telecommunications platforms
ConsumerConsumer
TSPsTSPs
ILECs/CLECsILECs/CLECs
CableBDUsCableBDUs
Technology/ IP DrivenTechnology/ IP Driven
WirelessWireless
ResellersResellers
Broadband
Convergence
Content
Broadband
Convergence
Content
WholesaleWholesale
Wholesale ServicesWholesale Services
WholesaleWholesale
Telephony/InternetTelephony/Internet
Internet/BDUInternet/BDU
Telco WholesaleTelco Wholesale
Traditional Telephone ServiceTraditional Telephone Service TelephonyTelephony
Video/RadioTelephonyInternet
Video/RadioTelephonyInternet
WebSitesWebSitesInternetInternet
Traditional BDU ServicesTraditional BDU Services Video/RadioVideo/RadioTrad
itiona
lBroa
dcasting
Converging
platform
sTrad
itiona
lTelecommun
ications
Supplier Platforms Customer
Source: CRTC, Communications Report 2009
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Over the airOver the air
Content ProvidersContent Providers
SatelliteSatellite
Improvements to ATSC (Digital TV Over‐the‐Air Transmission Standard)
Better Video Compression: MPEG‐4/AVC
Better quality : 1080P/60 Hz (BlueRay)
More Robust Transmision Mode
Higher Capacity
Transmission to Mobile/Handeld: ATSC‐H/M
Adding IP data
Adding interactivity
Adding non‐real‐time services
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IPTV: Main Features
To broadcasters,IPTV (or Broadband Television) is simply “a new emerging platform for distributing digital television channels to home consumers using a TV screen”
To telecom industry,IPTV is synonymous with a new opportunity to take part in an attractive and dynamic media market
To content producers,A new way to reach consumers and generate increased revenue and profits
Broad range of IPTV services:
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Standard Def. Television (SDTV)High Def. Television (HDTV)Video‐on‐Demand (VOD)Interactive program guid3eWeb browsing on TVMusic channelsLocal programmingVoice servicesEmergency servicesInformation servicesPersonal Video Recorder (PVR)
Interactive informationContent portabilityVideo clips on‐demandVideo calling/conferencingVideo messagingNetwork‐based time & placeshiftingPeer‐to‐Peer VideoHome automationOn‐line datingPersonalized advertisingWireless/Wireline Integration
IPTV: Challenges
Business challengesNeed to define successful business modelsTelcos being new players in the TV marketCompetition for content
Technology challengesBandwidth availabilitySystem integration (interoperability issues between network elements)QOS & QOE
Regulatory challengesNow regulates as Cable‐Satellite
Needs for restriction on content (since all channels are on demand thus no capacity restriction)
Need for National Regulations (since IPTV could be distributed internationally like voice)
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Internet TV
Video/Television distributed via the Internet (IP protocol)Point to point connectionsNot ideal for video delivery (real‐time constraints)Downloadable software players for PC’sStreaming ‐ client/server model Download: iTunes, Bittorrent, NapsterOn demand: You TubePeer‐to‐peer (P2P) (e.g. Hulu and others)Network capacity often challenged!
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Internet TV: Challenges
Delivery on a best effort basis, no QoSNetwork congestions causes:
Latencey due to need to bufferPacket lossesJerkiness in videoLimits bit rate ~200‐600 kbps rangeLink capacity fluctuations
Client‐server mode does not scale up very wellMulticast: the Internet is not yet multicast enabled
“The Web infrastructure, even Google’s [infrastructure], does not scale. It is not going to offer the quality of service that consumers expect.” Head of TV technology at Google
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Internet TV Improvements:
Network capacity increasing
More consumers have access and subscribe to broadband connections
Using Peer‐to‐Peer connections (P2P): Video makes up a significant portion of P2P traffic (more than 60 percent according to CacheLogic)
Good for “popular content”
Issues: latency, asymmetrical connections…
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Mobile TV
Video/Television delivery to portable, handheld and mobile devices
Mobile IPTV or Mobile internet TV
Several competing technologies3G‐4G wireless networks
DVB‐H (TV band)
ATSC H/M (TV band)
Qualcom/MediaFlo (TV band)
DMB (DAB‐TV Band)
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Example of Mobile TV Services
HBO Movies: $5/monthEpisodes from 16 TV channels: $8/monthPlus applicable Mobile Browser usage: 300 minutes/month + 1GB: $65/month
HBO Movies: $5/monthEpisodes from 16 TV channels: $8/monthPlus applicable Mobile Browser usage: 300 minutes/month + 1GB: $65/month
Bronze 30 (Olympic Special)100 local minutes
Unlimited nights & weekends (6 p.m. ‐ 7 a.m.) local calling Unlimited 2010 Winter Games content including live TV events,
video highlights, live radio coverage of hockey games, text message alerts, medal standings and schedules
Minimum monthly fee$30.00
Bronze 30 (Olympic Special)100 local minutes
Unlimited nights & weekends (6 p.m. ‐ 7 a.m.) local calling Unlimited 2010 Winter Games content including live TV events,
video highlights, live radio coverage of hockey games, text message alerts, medal standings and schedules
Minimum monthly fee$30.00
Unlimited web browsingand video
Starting at $15 a
month
Unlimited web browsingand video
Starting at $15 a
month
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Mobile TV: Limitations
Size/Weight
Small display size
Power consumption
Limits picture quality/resolution
Limited network capacity
Limited choice of programs
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New Aggregators
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Most Popular User Generated Content Distribution Via Broadcasting Networks
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Summary of Video Distribution Techniques
Cable TVIPTV
Satellite
WI‐FI • WimaxInternet • Cellular
TV Transmitters
Distribution Rights !
Production Distribution Viewers
Placeshifting
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Summary
The transition to Digital TV is moving along around the world.The end of analog TV will free some spectrum in the Broadcast bands which will be used for new services.Video is now being distributed by many various means: Cable, Satellite, IPTV, Moble Phone networks, Internet…It opens many interesting issues:
How will video delivery shift from traditional to new distribution techniques in the next 5-10 years?Many business, technology and regulatory issues continue to be addressedWhat will be the impact of this shift on the New Media and Entertainment business?Which priorities do we use to allocate the Digital Dividend spectrum?
Different choices by different countriesUsing DTV for more programs not for more quality (e.g. HDTV)Combining TV and radio services on the same transmittersOffering basic internet access using Data BroadcastingDirectly jumping to a mobile internet infrastructure and by-passing a transition to Digital Broadcasting
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A List of Countries that Have Completed Transition to DTV
USA: June 12 2009. No more analog except for LPTVs
Germany: Nov 2008
Switzerland: Nov 2007
Belgium: March 2010
Denmark: Nov 2009
Norway: Dec 2009
Other countries that have completed transition and switched‐off analog: Sweden (2007), Netherlands, Finland (2008), Andorra and Luxembourg
EC recommendation: Jan 1, 2012
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Transition In Progress with Completion Dates Between 2010 and 2016 ‐ Switch‐off Dates
Argentina: July 9, 2016.
Australia: December 31, 2013. Australia OTA TV viewers about 35%.
Brazil: June 29, 2016.
France: November 2011.
Ireland: 2012.
Italy: December 31, 2012.
Mexico: 2022.
Russia: 2015.
United Kingdom: end of 2012
Spain: April 3, 2010.
Japan: July 24, 2011.
Malaysia: 2015.
Taiwan: December 2012.
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