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Exploring the History and theImportance of Wildlife Conservation
WHAT WOULD the United States look like today
if wildlife conservation had not been
adopted? Would there be national parks or other
places to go to enjoy the wonders of nature? Would
there be migratory birds or other wildlife to admire
or hunt? We benefit from conservation efforts put
into effect years ago.
Objective:
� Explain the historical events, individuals,
and policies that have shaped wildlife
conservation.
Key Terms:
�
The History of Wildlife Conservation
When the European settlers arrived in North America in the 1600s, natural resources were
plentiful. Nature provided people with resources to build homes and to feed and clothe them-
selves. Eventually, need turned into want and people began to destroy wildlife for sport rather
than necessity. This led to exploitation—the use of natural resources for profit.
E-unit: Exploring the History and the Importance of Wildlife Conservation
The wise use of natural resources in our environment is wildlife conservation. For wild-
life conservation to be successful, all people (or consumers) must make wise decisions. Habi-
tats and food sources must also be maintained. The four important areas of wildlife conserva-
tion are research, education, law enforcement, and management.
Research
Research is important to wild-
life conservation because it helps
scientists expand their knowledge
and awareness of the needs and
habitat requirements of wildlife.
Education
Without education, most peo-
ple would not know how to con-
serve the available wildlife
resources.
Law Enforcement
Law enforcement is important because it ensures that all laws related to wildlife conserva-
tion are followed. These laws were enacted to prevent species of wildlife from becoming
extinct.
Wildlife Management
Wildlife management is the manipulation of wildlife to achieve a positive goal. Examples
of wildlife management techniques include improving wildlife habitats and promoting safe
hunting.
Summary:
� In the late 1800s, people began to recognize the need for natural resource conserva-tion. Some landmark policies and acts include the Morrill Act, the Lacey Act, theMigratory Bird Conservation Act, the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, thePittman-Robertson Act, the Endangered Species Act, and the Wildlife Refuge Sys-tem.
Many people have had an impact on wildlife conservation, including John JamesAudubon, John Muir, Theodore Roosevelt, Aldo Leopold, Gifford Pinchot, HughBennett, and Jay Darling.
E-unit: Exploring the History and the Importance of Wildlife Conservation
FIGURE 5. Research is an important component of wildlife conservation.
(Courtesy, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
There are five basic values of wildlife, including commercial value, game value, aes-thetic value, scientific value, and ecological value.
The wise use of the natural resources in our environment is wildlife conservation.The four important areas of wildlife conservation are research, education, lawenforcement, and management.
Checking Your Knowledge:
� 1. What have been some historic national wildlife conservation policies?
2. Who were some notable people in the wildlife conservation movement?
3. What are two federal agencies that manage national parks and forests?
4. What are the five basic values of wildlife?
5. What are four important areas of wildlife conservation?
Expanding Your Knowledge:
� Prepare a report and PowerPoint presentation on a notable figure in history whohad a positive impact on the wildlife conservation movement. Present the report toyour classmates.